1068:
Pellerin, Laurence; Henry, Julie; Hsu, Chiung-Yueh; Balica, Stéfana; Jean-Decoster, Catherine; Méchin, Marie-Claire; Hansmann, Britta; Rodriguez, Elke; Weindinger, Stefan; Schmitt, Anne-Marie; Serre, Guy; Paul, Carle; Simon, Michel (April 2013). "Defects of filaggrin-like proteins in both lesional
110:
The epidermal differentiation complex was first described in 1993, and further characterized in 1996, when
Dietmar Mischke and colleagues noted the "close functional cooperation among structurally and evolutionary related genes". By 2001, 37 genes had been identified as members of the EDC. The
124:
As its name implies, the cornified envelope (CE) precursor family includes genes that encode the proteins forming the CE. The CE is a cross-linked matrix that surrounds terminally differentiated squamous keratinocytes after a process known as
568:
Volz, Armin; Korge, Bernhard P.; Compton, John G.; Ziegler, Andreas; Steinert, Peter M.; Mischke, Dietmar (October 1993). "Physical
Mapping of a Functional Cluster of Epidermal Differentiation Genes on Chromosome 1q21".
673:
Kypriotou, Magdalini; Huber, Marcel; Hohl, Daniel (September 2012). "The human epidermal differentiation complex: cornified envelope precursors, S100 proteins and the 'fused genes' family".
609:"Genes Encoding Structural Proteins of Epidermal Cornification and S100 Calcium-Binding Proteins Form a Gene Complex ("Epidermal Differentiation Complex") on Human Chromosome 1q21"
141:
is a minor component (<5%). The other CE proteins are classified as small proline-rich (SPRR) proteins, a subset of which is the late cornified envelope (LCE) protein group.
853:"Identification of human epidermal differentiation complex (EDC)-encoded genes by subtractive hybridization of entire YACs to a gridded keratinocyte cDNA library"
542:
469:
and play a role in epithelial homeostasis. Like S100 proteins, SFTPs contain two calcium-binding EF-hand motifs. These proteins are associated with cytoplasmic
808:
Hoffjan, S; Stemmler, S (September 2007). "On the role of the epidermal differentiation complex in ichthyosis vulgaris, atopic dermatitis and psoriasis".
339:
motifs separated by a hinge region. S100 proteins have various functions and are generally associated with abnormal epidermal differentiation.
1114:
1021:"A milieu of regulatory elements in the epidermal differentiation complex syntenic block: implications for atopic dermatitis and psoriasis"
753:"Comparative genomics of sirenians reveals evolution of filaggrin and caspase-14 upon adaptation of the epidermis to aquatic life"
55:
21. The proteins encoded by EDC genes are closely related in terms of function, and evolutionarily they belong to three distinct
960:
Wu, Zhihong; Hansmann, Britta; Meyer-Hoffert, Ulf; Gläser, Regine; Schröder, Jens-Michael; Egles, Christophe (22 April 2009).
466:
901:
473:
as well as minor components of the CE. Due to their homologous structure they are also known as filaggrin-like proteins.
133:. The ratio of CE precursor proteins varies from tissue to tissue. In the epidermis, the most abundant CE component is
962:"Molecular Identification and Expression Analysis of Filaggrin-2, a Member of the S100 Fused-Type Protein Family"
465:
The S100 fused type protein (SFTP) family or fused gene family encompasses genes which are mainly expressed in
90:
have also lost function of FLG genes. EDC proteins have been involved in a variety of skin disorders including
32:
1109:
1019:
de Guzman Strong, C.; Conlan, S.; Deming, C. B.; Cheng, J.; Sears, K. E.; Segre, J. A. (20 January 2010).
495:
751:
Steinbinder, Julia; Sachslehner, Attila
Placido; Holthaus, Karin Brigit; Eckhart, Leopold (2024-04-23).
526:
470:
360:
78:
or even duplicated, such as the duplicated late cornified envelope genes of dugongs. On the other hand,
538:
973:
91:
942:
833:
733:
607:
Mischke, Dietmar; Korge, Bernhard P.; Marenholz, Ingo; Volz, Armin; Ziegler, Andreas (May 1996).
483:
75:
111:
number rose to 43 in 2002, and by 2012 a total of 57 genes were considered part of the complex.
70:
events which were evolutionarily favored during the adaptation to terrestrial environments. In
1086:
1050:
1001:
934:
882:
825:
790:
772:
725:
690:
630:
586:
513:
501:
410:
95:
1078:
1040:
1032:
991:
981:
924:
916:
872:
864:
817:
780:
764:
717:
682:
620:
578:
207:
202:
197:
192:
187:
182:
130:
67:
708:
Backendorf, C; Hohl, D (October 1992). "A common origin for cornified envelope proteins?".
314:
309:
304:
299:
294:
289:
284:
279:
274:
269:
264:
259:
254:
249:
244:
239:
234:
229:
217:
48:
851:
Marenholz, I; Zirra, M; Fischer, DF; Backendorf, C; Ziegler, A; Mischke, D (March 2001).
977:
902:"Evidence for local control of gene expression in the epidermal differentiation complex"
785:
752:
1045:
1020:
996:
961:
920:
877:
852:
1119:
1103:
821:
686:
126:
56:
40:
36:
946:
737:
837:
489:
348:
332:
60:
52:
28:
986:
625:
608:
1082:
768:
82:
of the SFTP family have become inactivated in sirenians, with the exception of
146:
138:
79:
776:
477:
99:
44:
1090:
1054:
1005:
938:
886:
829:
794:
694:
582:
729:
634:
590:
66:
It has been hypothesized that the clustering of EDC genes occurred due to
1036:
929:
152:
134:
507:
453:
448:
443:
437:
432:
427:
404:
356:
336:
319:
87:
83:
71:
31:
comprising over fifty genes encoding proteins involved in the terminal
868:
721:
546:
421:
415:
398:
393:
388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
352:
344:
340:
177:
171:
165:
534:
212:
530:
335:
comprises 17 genes and 6 pseudogenes. S100 proteins contain two
525:
EDC genes are transcriptionally controlled by various
347:(calgranulin A and B, respectively), dimerize to form
63:
family and the S100 fused type protein (SFTP) family.
900:Elder, James T.; Zhao, Xinping (October 2002).
224:Late cornified envelope proteins (LCE proteins)
59:: the cornified envelope precursor family, the
543:aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator
47:. In humans, the complex is located on a 1.9
8:
129:. CE precursor proteins are cross-linked by
160:Small proline-rich proteins (SPRR proteins)
74:, the main subtypes of EDC genes have been
1071:Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
1044:
995:
985:
928:
876:
784:
624:
557:
668:
666:
664:
7:
662:
660:
658:
656:
654:
652:
650:
648:
646:
644:
613:Journal of Investigative Dermatology
602:
600:
563:
561:
120:Cornified envelope precursor family
14:
921:10.1034/j.1600-0625.2002.110503.x
521:Regulation of EDC gene expression
21:epidermal differentiation complex
822:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.07999.x
687:10.1111/j.1600-0625.2012.01472.x
43:, the primary cell type of the
1069:and nonlesional atopic skin".
810:British Journal of Dermatology
1:
987:10.1371/journal.pone.0005227
626:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12338501
1115:Genes on human chromosome 1
1083:10.1016/j.jaci.2012.12.1566
351:. Calprotectin, psoriasin (
1136:
769:10.1038/s41598-024-60099-2
1025:Human Molecular Genetics
909:Experimental Dermatology
675:Experimental Dermatology
583:10.1006/geno.1993.1430
471:intermediate filaments
361:antimicrobial peptides
531:krüppel-like factor 4
527:transcription factors
467:stratified epithelia
978:2009PLoSO...4.5227W
496:trichohyalin-like 1
355:) and koebnerisin (
92:ichthyosis vulgaris
1037:10.1093/hmg/ddq019
757:Scientific Reports
869:10.1101/gr.114801
722:10.1038/ng1092-91
539:grainyhead-like 3
131:transglutaminases
96:atopic dermatitis
1127:
1095:
1094:
1077:(4): 1094–1102.
1065:
1059:
1058:
1048:
1031:(8): 1453–1460.
1016:
1010:
1009:
999:
989:
957:
951:
950:
932:
906:
897:
891:
890:
880:
848:
842:
841:
805:
799:
798:
788:
748:
742:
741:
705:
699:
698:
670:
639:
638:
628:
604:
595:
594:
565:
137:(65-70%), while
1135:
1134:
1130:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1125:
1124:
1100:
1099:
1098:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1018:
1017:
1013:
959:
958:
954:
904:
899:
898:
894:
857:Genome Research
850:
849:
845:
807:
806:
802:
750:
749:
745:
710:Nature Genetics
707:
706:
702:
672:
671:
642:
606:
605:
598:
567:
566:
559:
555:
523:
463:
458:
440:(calgranulin C)
424:(calgranulin B)
418:(calgranulin A)
329:
324:
122:
117:
108:
51:stretch within
33:differentiation
17:
12:
11:
5:
1133:
1131:
1123:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1110:Gene complexes
1102:
1101:
1097:
1096:
1060:
1011:
952:
915:(5): 406–412.
892:
843:
816:(3): 441–449.
800:
743:
700:
681:(9): 643–649.
640:
619:(5): 989–992.
596:
556:
554:
551:
522:
519:
518:
517:
511:
505:
499:
493:
487:
481:
462:
459:
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396:
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386:
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365:
328:
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226:
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161:
157:
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143:
121:
118:
116:
113:
107:
104:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1132:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1064:
1061:
1056:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1015:
1012:
1007:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
956:
953:
948:
944:
940:
936:
931:
930:2027.42/71593
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
903:
896:
893:
888:
884:
879:
874:
870:
866:
863:(3): 341–55.
862:
858:
854:
847:
844:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
804:
801:
796:
792:
787:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
747:
744:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
704:
701:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
669:
667:
665:
663:
661:
659:
657:
655:
653:
651:
649:
647:
645:
641:
636:
632:
627:
622:
618:
614:
610:
603:
601:
597:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
564:
562:
558:
552:
550:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
520:
515:
512:
509:
506:
503:
500:
497:
494:
491:
488:
485:
482:
479:
476:
475:
474:
472:
468:
460:
455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
423:
420:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:(koebnerisin)
406:
403:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
366:
364:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
326:
321:
318:
316:
313:
311:
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306:
303:
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298:
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283:
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278:
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167:
164:
163:
159:
158:
154:
151:
148:
145:
144:
142:
140:
136:
132:
128:
127:cornification
119:
114:
112:
105:
103:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
64:
62:
58:
57:gene families
54:
53:chromosome 1q
50:
46:
42:
41:keratinocytes
38:
37:cornification
34:
30:
26:
22:
1074:
1070:
1063:
1028:
1024:
1014:
972:(4): e5227.
969:
965:
955:
912:
908:
895:
860:
856:
846:
813:
809:
803:
760:
756:
746:
713:
709:
703:
678:
674:
616:
612:
577:(1): 92–99.
574:
570:
524:
490:trichohyalin
464:
349:calprotectin
330:
174:(cornifin B)
168:(cornifin A)
123:
109:
65:
61:S100 protein
29:gene complex
24:
20:
18:
16:Gene complex
763:(1): 9278.
545:(ARNT) and
484:filaggrin-2
461:SFTP family
401:(psoriasin)
333:S100 family
327:S100 family
68:duplication
1104:Categories
553:References
147:involucrin
139:involucrin
777:2045-2322
716:(2): 91.
541:(GRHL3),
478:filaggrin
115:EDC genes
100:psoriasis
88:Cetaceans
80:FLG genes
76:conserved
72:sirenians
45:epidermis
1091:23403047
1055:20089530
1006:19384417
966:PLOS ONE
947:10189529
939:12366693
887:11230159
830:17573887
795:38653760
786:11039687
738:28646784
695:22507538
571:Genomics
533:(KLF4),
529:such as
514:hornerin
502:cornulin
498:(TCHHL1)
411:S100A7L2
153:loricrin
135:loricrin
84:manatees
1046:2846160
997:2668185
974:Bibcode
838:9434345
730:1303269
635:8618063
591:8276421
508:repetin
454:S100A16
449:S100A14
444:S100A13
438:S100A12
433:S100A11
428:S100A10
405:S100A7A
357:S100A7A
337:EF-hand
320:C1orf68
106:History
27:) is a
1089:
1053:
1043:
1004:
994:
945:
937:
885:
878:311024
875:
836:
828:
793:
783:
775:
736:
728:
693:
633:
589:
516:(HRNR)
510:(RPTN)
504:(CRNN)
492:(TCHH)
486:(FLG2)
422:S100A9
416:S100A8
399:S100A7
394:S100A6
389:S100A5
384:S100A4
379:S100A3
374:S100A2
369:S100A1
359:) are
353:S100A7
345:S100A9
341:S100A8
208:SPRR2G
203:SPRR2F
198:SPRR2E
193:SPRR2D
188:SPRR2C
183:SPRR2B
178:SPRR2A
172:SPRR1B
166:SPRR1A
943:S2CID
905:(PDF)
834:S2CID
734:S2CID
535:GATA3
480:(FLG)
315:LCE6A
310:LCE5A
305:LCE4A
300:LCE3E
295:LCE3D
290:LCE3C
285:LCE3B
280:LCE3A
275:LCE2D
270:LCE2C
265:LCE2B
260:LCE2A
255:LCE1F
250:LCE1E
245:LCE1D
240:LCE1C
235:LCE1B
230:LCE1A
218:SPRR4
213:SPRR3
155:(LOR)
149:(IVL)
1120:Skin
1087:PMID
1051:PMID
1002:PMID
935:PMID
883:PMID
826:PMID
791:PMID
773:ISSN
726:PMID
691:PMID
631:PMID
587:PMID
547:NRF2
343:and
331:The
98:and
35:and
19:The
1079:doi
1075:131
1041:PMC
1033:doi
992:PMC
982:doi
925:hdl
917:doi
873:PMC
865:doi
818:doi
814:157
781:PMC
765:doi
718:doi
683:doi
621:doi
617:106
579:doi
49:Mbp
39:of
25:EDC
1106::
1085:.
1073:.
1049:.
1039:.
1029:19
1027:.
1023:.
1000:.
990:.
980:.
968:.
964:.
941:.
933:.
923:.
913:11
911:.
907:.
881:.
871:.
861:11
859:.
855:.
832:.
824:.
812:.
789:.
779:.
771:.
761:14
759:.
755:.
732:.
724:.
712:.
689:.
679:21
677:.
643:^
629:.
615:.
611:.
599:^
585:.
575:18
573:.
560:^
549:.
537:,
363:.
102:.
94:,
86:.
1093:.
1081::
1057:.
1035::
1008:.
984::
976::
970:4
949:.
927::
919::
889:.
867::
840:.
820::
797:.
767::
740:.
720::
714:2
697:.
685::
637:.
623::
593:.
581::
23:(
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