19-inch rack - Knowledge (XXG)

270: 421:(31.50 in) wide, and for them to be 600 mm (23.62 in), 800 mm (31.50 in) or 1,010 mm (39.76 in) deep. This of course varies by manufacturer, the design of the rack and its purpose, but through common constraining factors (such as raised-floor tile dimensions), these dimensions have become quite common. The extra width and depth enables cabling to be routed with ease (also helping to maintain the minimum bend radius for fiber and copper cables) and deeper equipment to be utilized. A common feature in IT racks is mounting positions for 1177: 1204: 1192: 642:(PVC), extruded aluminum edges, steel corners, handles, and latches. Larger cases typically have wheels for easy transport. Road case racks come in different heights based on the 1U standard and different depths. Non-isolated cases simply mount 19-inch mounting posts inside the case. To protect equipment from shock and vibration road rack cases use an inner and outer case. These cases can be isolated by thick layers of foam or may use spring-loaded shock mounting. Touring musicians, theatrical productions and sound and light companies use road case racks. 958: 680:

cases is maintained by the rack rails and the cover seal extrusions alone. Larger cases are further reinforced with additional plywood or sheet metal. The outer shell is frequently embossed in a self-mating pattern to combat the tendency for stacked cases to deform slightly creating a slope that encourages the upper case to slide off. The cases typically use extruded aluminum bands at the ends of the body with tongue-and-groove mating to like bands for the covers. End covers are typically secured with either a simple draw latch or a rotary cam

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and the equipment then slides into the rack along the rails, which support it. When in place, the equipment may also then be bolted to the rack. The rails may also be able to fully support the equipment in a position where it has been slid clear of the rack; this is useful for inspection or maintenance of equipment which will then be slid back into the rack. Some rack slides even include a tilt mechanism allowing easy access to the top or bottom of rack-mounted equipment when it is fully extended from the rack.

609: 1029: 1216: 348: 983: 736: 161:. The earliest repeaters from 1914 were installed in ad hoc fashion on shelves, in wooden boxes and cabinets. Once serial production started, they were built into custom-made racks, one per repeater. But in light of the rapid growth of the toll network, the engineering department of AT&T undertook a systematic redesign, resulting in a family of modular factory-assembled panels all "designed to mount on vertical supports spaced 19 1135:(PCB) cards that can be plugged together into a standard chassis which, in turn, can be mounted in a 19-inch rack. The chassis consists of a series of slotted card guides on the top and bottom, into which the cards are slid so they stand on end, like books on a shelf. At the spine of each card is one or more connectors which plug into mating connectors on a backplane that closes the rear of the chassis. Several standards such as 569:

rails allowing the user to place the rails at a shorter depth if needed. There are a multitude of specialty server racks including soundproof server racks, air-conditioned server racks, NEMA-rated, seismic-rated, open frame, narrow, and even miniature 19-inch racks for smaller applications. Cabinets are generally sized to be no wider than the standard 24-inch-wide (610 mm) floor tiles used in most data centers.

2732: 40: 1165: 868:) standing vertically. The posts are each 0.625 inches (15.88 mm) wide, and are separated by a gap of 17.75 inches (450.85 mm), giving an overall rack width of 19 inches (482.60 mm). The posts have holes in them at regular intervals, with both posts matching, so that each hole is part of a horizontal pair with a center-to-center distance of 18.312 inches (465.12 mm). 503: 2008: 568:

19-inch server racks can vary in quality. A standard 19-inch server rack cabinet is typically 42u in height, 600 millimetres (24 in) wide, and 36 inches (914.40 mm) deep. This comprises a volume of 974 L, or just under a cubic meter. Newer server rack cabinets come with adjustable mounting

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Heavy equipment or equipment that is commonly accessed for servicing, for which attaching or detaching at all four corners simultaneously would pose a problem, is often not mounted directly onto the rack but instead is mounted via rails (or slides). A pair of rails is mounted directly onto the rack,

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In contrast to the 19-inch standards, ETSI also defined the size of the rack enclosure: the four allowed widths are 150, 300, 600, 900 millimetres (5.9, 11.8, 23.6, 35.4 in) and two allowed depths are 300 and 600 millimetres (12 and 24 in). Hole spacing is 25

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Racks are vertically divided into regions, 44.45 millimetres (1.75 in) in height. Each region has three complete hole pairs on each side. The holes are centered at 6.35 millimetres (0.25 in), 22.25 millimetres (0.88 in), and 38.15 millimetres (1.50 in) from the top or bottom of

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provide two vertical posts. These posts are typically heavy gauge metal or extruded aluminum. A top bar and wide foot connect the posts and allow the rack to be securely attached to the floor and/or roof for seismic safety. Equipment can be mounted either close to its center of gravity (to minimize

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A key structural weakness of front-mounted support is the bending stress placed on the mounting brackets of the equipment, and the rack itself. As a result, 4-post racks have become common, featuring a mirrored pair of rear mounting posts. Since the spacing between the front and rear mounting posts

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The server itself might have locking pins on the sides that just drop into slots on the extended rail assembly, in a manner similar to a removable kitchen drawer. This permits very easy server installation and removal since there is no need for the server to be held in midair while someone fastens

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Rack-mountable equipment is traditionally mounted by bolting or clipping its front panel to the rack. Within the IT industry, it is common for network/communications equipment to have multiple mounting positions, including tabletop and wall mounting, so rack-mountable equipment will often feature

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outer shell are a lower-cost alternative to the more durable ATA-approved case. These cases are marketed to musicians and entertainers for equipment not subject to frequent transportation and rough handling. The polyethylene shell is not fiberglass reinforced and is not rigid. The shape of small

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The next innovation in rack design has been the square-hole rack. Square-hole racks allow boltless mounting, such that the rack-mount equipment only needs to insert through and hook down into the lip of the square hole. Installation and removal of hardware in a square-hole rack is very easy and

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Some manufacturers of rack-mount hardware include a folding cable tray behind the server, so that the cables are held into a neat and tidy folded channel when inside the rack, but can unfold out into a long strip when pulled out of the rack, allowing the server to continue to be plugged in and

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Generic Requirements document GR-63-CORE, during an earthquake, telecommunications equipment is subjected to motions that can over-stress equipment framework, circuit boards, and connectors. The amount of motion and resulting stress depends on the structural characteristics of the building and

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Although there is no standard for the depth of equipment, nor specifying the outer width and depth of the rack enclosure itself (incorporating the structure, doors and panels that contain the mounting rails), there is a tendency for 4-post racks to be 600 mm (23.62 in) or 800 mm

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Large server rooms will often group rack cabinets together so that racks on both sides of an aisle are either front-facing or rear-facing, which simplifies cooling by supplying cool air to the front of the racks and collecting hot air from the rear of the racks. These aisles may themselves be

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indicators on both sides of the server (which can be turned on in software or by pushing an associated button). Since some configurations permit over fifty 1U servers in a single rack, this provides a simple method to determine exactly which machine is having a problem when at the rear of the

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Threaded mounting holes in racks where the equipment is frequently changed are problematic because the threads can be damaged or the mounting screws can break off; both problems render the mounting hole unusable. Tapping large numbers of holes that may never be used is expensive; nonetheless,

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Servers and deep pieces of equipment are often mounted using rails that are bolted to the front and rear posts (as above, it is common for such rails to have an adjustable depth), allowing the equipment to be supported by four posts, while also enabling it to be easily installed and removed.

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A difficulty with forced air fan cooling in rack equipment is that fans can fail due to age or dust. The fans themselves can be difficult to replace. In the case of network equipment, it may be necessary to unplug 50 or more cables from the device, remove the device from the rack, and then

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There is no standard for airflow and cooling of rack-mounted equipment. A variety of airflow patterns can be found, including front intakes and rear exhausts, as well as side intakes and exhausts. Low-wattage devices may not employ active cooling, but use only passive thermal radiation and

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Frames for holding rotary-dial telephone equipment such as step by step telephone switches were generally 11 feet 6 inches (3.51 m) high. A series of studies led to the adoption of frames 7 feet (2.1 m) high, with modular widths in multiples of 1 foot 1 inch

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However, some rack equipment has been designed to make fan replacement easy, using quick-change fan trays that can be accessed without removing the cabling or the device from the rack, and in some cases without turning off the device so that operation is uninterrupted during replacement.

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may differ between rack vendors and/or the configuration of the rack (some racks may incorporate front and rear rails that may be moved forwards and backward, e.g. APC SX-range racks), it is common for equipment that features 4-post mounting brackets to have an adjustable rear bracket.

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The height of a rack can vary from a few inches, such as in a broadcast console, to a floor-mounted rack whose interior is 45 rack units (200.2 centimetres or 78.82 inches) high. 42U is a common configuration. Many wall-mounted enclosures for industrial equipment use 19-inch racks.

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The 19-inch rack format has remained constant while the technology that is mounted within it has changed considerably and the set of fields to which racks are applied has greatly expanded. The 19-inch (482.6 mm) standard rack arrangement is widely used throughout the

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The holes in the posts are arranged vertically in repeating sets of three, with center-to-center separations of 0.5 inches (12.70 mm), 0.625 inches (15.88 mm), 0.625 inches (15.88 mm). The hole pattern thus repeats every 1.75 inches (44.45 mm).

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boltless, where the weight of the equipment and small retention clips are all that is necessary to hold the equipment in place. Older equipment meant for round-hole or tapped-hole racks can still be used, with the use of cage nuts made for square-hole racks.

280:(1970s) for use in electronics and scientific laboratories. Typically for rack-mounted devices, the width of the front panel exceeds the width of the device itself, which provides the overlap zone (including screw holes) with the left and right rack rails. 387:

The tapped-hole rack was first replaced by clearance-hole (Round Hole, Round Unthreaded Holes, and Versa Rail) racks. The holes are large enough to permit a bolt to be freely inserted through without binding, and bolts are fastened in place using

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Although open-frame racks are the least expensive, they also expose air-cooled equipment to dust, lint, and other environmental contamination. An enclosed sealed cabinet with forced air fans permits air filtration to protect equipment from dust.

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allow for mounting rails to support the equipment at the front and rear. These racks may be open in construction without sides or doors or may be enclosed by front and/or rear doors, side panels, and tops. Most data centers use four-post racks.

998:(ETS 300 119). The distance of the right edge of the right mounting rail to the left edge of the left mounting rail is 535 millimetres (21.1 in). As 535 mm is very close to 21 inches, these racks are sometimes called 3402: 654:

19-inch rackmount case was patented by ECS Composites and became widely used in military and commercial applications for electronic deployment and operation. Rackmount cases are also constructed of thermo-stamped composite,

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For rack-mounted computer servers, devices generally intake air on the front and exhaust on the rear. This prevents circular airflows where hot exhaust air is recirculated through an adjacent device and causes overheating.

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often need to be purchased directly from the equipment manufacturer, as there is no standardization on such equipment's thickness (measurement from the side of the rack to the equipment) or means for mounting to the rail.

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Occasionally, one may see fractional U devices such as a 1.5U server or devices that are just 22.5 or 15 cm in width, allowing for 2 or 3 such devices to be installed side by side, but these are much less common.

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Since the mounting hole arrangement is vertically symmetric, it is possible to mount rack-mountable equipment upside-down. However, not all equipment is suitable for this type of mounting. For instance, most

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is a standardized frame or enclosure for mounting multiple electronic equipment modules. Each module has a front panel that is 19 inches (482.6 mm) wide. The 19 inch dimension includes the edges or

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tapped-hole racks are still in use, generally for hardware that rarely changes. Examples include telephone exchanges, network cabling panels, broadcast studios and some government and military applications.

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The strength required of the mounting posts means they are invariably not merely flat strips but actually a wider folded strip arranged around the corner of the rack. The posts are usually made of

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operating normally even while fully extended and hanging in mid-air in front of the rack. This piece of equipment thus simplifies maintenance but at the cost of providing a restriction to airflow.

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A rails kit may include a cable management arm (CMA), which folds the cables attached to the server and allows them to expand neatly when the server is slid out, without being disconnected.

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inch (0.031 in; 0.79 mm) less than the allotted number of Us. Thus, a 1U rackmount computer is not 1.750 inches (44.5 mm) tall but is 1.719 inches (43.7 mm) tall. If

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OpenVPX is an industry standard for modules that can be installed in chassis in defense applications. The modules can provide a variety of functions, similarly to equipment in a rack.

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enclosed into a cold air containment tunnel so that cooling air does not travel to other parts of the building where it is not needed or mixes with hot air, making it less efficient.

1654: 1552: 392:. In the event of a nut being stripped out or a bolt breaking, the nut can be easily removed and replaced with a new one. Production of clearance-hole racks is less expensive. 3272: 1957: 339:

for calculating in millimeters. This gap allows a bit of room above and below an installed piece of equipment so it may be removed without binding on the adjacent equipment.

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Hole spacing is either on 1-inch (25 mm) centers (Western Electric standard), or the same as for 19-inch (482.6 mm) racks (0.625 in or 15.9 mm spacing).

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in the Telecoms industry, the same practice is also common, but with equipment having 19-inch and 23-inch brackets available, enabling them to be mounted in existing racks.

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Racks, especially two-post racks, are often secured to the floor or adjacent building structure so as not to fall over. This is usually required by local building codes in

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cooling in server rooms can serve a similar purpose; they permit cooling airflow to equipment through the underfloor space to the underside of enclosed rack cabinets.

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The 19-inch rack format with rack-units of 1.75 inches (44.45 mm) was established as a standard by AT&T around 1922 in order to reduce the space required for

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name comes from early two-post racks which housed telephone relay and switching equipment. Two-post racks are most often used for telecommunication installations.

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that has the same outside dimensions as typical 19-inch racks (e.g. 600 mm width), but supports wider equipment modules of 547 millimetres (21.5 in).

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When there is a large number of computers in a single rack, it is impractical for each one to have its own separate keyboard, mouse, and monitor. Instead, a

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Rack-optimized servers might duplicate indicator lights on the front and rear of the rack to help identify a machine needing attention or provide separate

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can be used, and when the particular class of equipment to be mounted is known in advance, some of the holes can be omitted from the mounting rails.

2040: 928:. Heights within racks are measured by this unit. Rack-mountable equipment is usually designed to occupy some integer number of U. For example, an 965:

Some telecommunications and networking equipment is available in a narrower 10-inch format with the same unit height as a standard 19-inch rack.

1052:, and other equipment though is less common than the 19-inch rack. The size denotes the width of the faceplate for the installed equipment. The 3076: 56:

that protrude from each side of the equipment, allowing the module to be fastened to the rack frame with screws or bolts. Common uses include

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The sliding rails can lock in various extended positions to prevent the equipment from moving when extended out from the rack for service.

2762: 204:, setting the standard U as 15.875 mm (0.625 in) + 15.875 mm (0.625 in) + 12.7 mm (0.500 in), making each 158: 266:

typically use wider racks. They allow for dense hardware configurations without occupying excessive floor space or requiring shelving.

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or U (less commonly RU). The industry-standard rack cabinet is 42U tall; however, many data centers have racks taller than this.

429:(PDUs) and vertical cable managers and ducts, that utilize the space between the rear rails and the side of the rack enclosure. 1215: 572:

Racks carrying telecom equipment like routers and switches often have extra width to accommodate the many cables on the sides.

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A handle may be provided at the rear of the server rails, to help pull or push the server without having to pull on the cables.

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Computer servers designed for rack-mounting can include a number of extra features to make the server easy to use in the rack:

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Keller, A. C. (January 1964). "Recent Developments in Bell System Relays — Particularly Sealed Contact and Miniature Relays".

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Mechanical structures for electronic equipment - Dimensions of mechanical structures of the 482,6 mm (19 in) series

747: 277: 1731: 1315: 3652: 3282: 2812: 2736: 1706: 620:. The racks each have large heavy-duty rollers. This is typical for relatively impromptu venues such as open-air concerts. 3662: 2033: 61: 405:

L-brackets that must be screwed or bolted to the equipment prior to mounting in a 19-inch rack. With the prevalence of

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inches between centers. The height of the different panels will vary,... but... in all cases to be a whole multiple of

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EIA-310-D, Cabinets, Racks, Panels, and Associated Equipment, dated September 1992. (Latest Standard Now REV E 1996)

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framework in which the equipment is contained and the severity of the earthquake. Seismic racks rated according to

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inches (438.15 mm), they can easily be mounted in an ETSI rack by means of an ETSI bracket or adapter plate.

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of around 2 mm thickness (the official standard recommends a minimum of 1.9 mm), or of slightly thicker

1991: 1851: 1682: 297: 1164: 3657: 3547: 651: 120:. The height of the electronic modules is also standardized as multiples of 1.75 inches (44.45 mm) or one 2012: 1577: 835:

Equipment practices for electronic equipment; mechanical structures of the 482,6 mm (19 inch) series

355: 145: 1819: 3187: 2717: 2528: 2140: 2026: 1002:. The gap between the posts is 500 millimetres (19.69 in). As 19-inch equipment has a maximum width of 876: 426: 193: 2490: 2190: 545: 448: 1113:, an electronic music instrument. This is achieved with a rack mounting system specific to the standard. 3327: 3217: 2778: 2700: 2673: 2533: 2495: 2438: 2262: 1965: 1132: 197: 1837: 1536: 3595: 3562: 3427: 2996: 2448: 2428: 2370: 2279: 2100: 2053: 1256: 1182: 1078: 263: 77: 1549:"Telcordia GR-1502-CORE, Central Office/Network Environment Detail Engineering Generic Requirements" 1304:

Racks are measured in rack units (RU or U) with the industry standard being 42U tall — about 6 feet.

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19-inch equipment that needs to be moved often or protected from harsh treatment can be housed in a

3527: 2523: 2230: 1651:"Telcordia GR-3108-CORE, NEBS Requirements for Telecommunications Data Center Equipment and Spaces" 1110: 1028: 284:

Nineteen-inch racks are also often used to house professional audio and video equipment, including

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Eurorack is a standard generally used in electronic music production to install components of a

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CEA-310-E design requirements for Cabinets, Panels, Racks and Subracks., dated December 14, 2005

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amplifiers, and even small-scale audio mixers. A third common use for rack-mounted equipment is

1391:. Vol. 2, no. 3. New York: American Telephone and Telegraph Company. pp. 112–140 982: 2693: 2647: 2621: 2608: 2543: 2274: 2257: 2185: 2105: 1916: 1637:"APC Netshelter SX, Server Rack Enclosure, 42U, Black, 1991H x 600W x 1070D mm - APC Thailand" 1465: 1357: 1286: 1278: 548:

software is used to share a single keyboard/video/mouse set amongst many different computers.

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A typical section of 19-inch (482.6 mm) server rack rail, dimensions noted in mm (exact)

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with alternating spacings of 1.25 inches (31.75 mm) and 0.5 inches (12.70 mm) The

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might be 4U high. Rack-mountable computers and servers are mostly between 1U and 4U high. A

693: 233: 57: 735: 3382: 2688: 2678: 2668: 2505: 2485: 2397: 2197: 2170: 1978: 1364:. Vol. 4, no. 9. Chicago: The Railroad Gazette. September 1911. pp. 344–345 1033: 743:

The formal standards for a 19-inch (482.6 mm) rack are available from the following:

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A typical section of 19-inch (482.6 mm) server rack rail, dimensions noted in US inch

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https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/servers/data-center-racks-getting-taller-wider-deeper

1329:"The New Exchange of the Central New York Telephone and Telegraph Co. at Syracuse, N.Y." 2637: 2267: 2240: 2115: 2085: 1791: 1488: 557: 142:. There is little evidence that the dimensions of these early racks were standardized. 1434: 924: 830:

DIN 41494 - Multiple documents in German but some documents are available in English.

3641: 3605: 3600: 3590: 3585: 3580: 3572: 3567: 3557: 3542: 3537: 3492: 3477: 3472: 3467: 3457: 3447: 3437: 3432: 3412: 3407: 3397: 3372: 3362: 3352: 3317: 3312: 3302: 3297: 3287: 3262: 3257: 2652: 2463: 2420: 2405: 2353: 2348: 2289: 2180: 2175: 2120: 2090: 2061: 880: 860:

A rack's mounting fixture consists of two parallel metal strips (also referred to as

369: 229: 31: 816:

IEC 60297-5 Multiple documents, -100, 101, 102, ... 107, replaced by IEC 60297-3-101

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Nineteen-inch racks in two-post or four-post form hold most equipment in enterprise

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Part 3-100: Basic dimensions of front panels, subracks, chassis, racks and cabinets

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Part 3-104: Connector dependent interface dimensions of subracks and plug-in units

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is a measure of vertical spacing and is common to both the 19 and 23-inch racks.

3127: 2919: 2889: 2882: 2877: 2443: 2375: 2214: 2207: 2130: 2110: 1235: 259: 189: 69: 1895: 1865: 1710: 1461:

The Datacenter as a Computer: Designing Warehouse-Scale Machines, Third Edition

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https://www.tvtechnology.com/equipment/opengear-celebrates-15-years-of-success

1622: 1603: 700: 541: 502: 483: 444: 17: 2018: 1410:

Mezger, G. Robert (November 1934). "The Relay Rack in Amateur Construction".

3610: 3387: 3322: 3111: 3106: 3101: 3096: 3091: 3081: 3071: 3066: 3056: 3051: 3046: 3041: 3031: 3026: 3021: 3006: 3001: 2991: 2986: 2981: 2971: 2966: 2961: 2956: 2951: 2946: 2941: 2936: 2914: 2909: 2899: 2872: 2867: 2857: 2852: 2847: 2842: 2832: 2827: 2817: 2802: 2797: 2792: 2712: 2578: 2385: 2360: 1245: 1068: 1053: 1041: 896: 626: 373: 293: 285: 132: 121: 1760: 1458:

Barroso, Luiz André; Hölzle, Urs; Ranganathan, Parthasarathy (2018-10-29).

2007: 1384: 482:

Slides or rails for computers and other data processing equipment such as

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Typically, a piece of equipment being installed has a front panel height

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and the 1998 working replica (pictured) were mounted on 23-inch racking.

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load on its front panel), or via the equipment's front panel holes. The

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are available, with Zone 4 representing the most demanding environment.

3487: 3452: 3442: 3011: 2924: 2410: 2380: 2284: 1675: 1147:, openGear and others were developed, which share goals with Eurocard. 974:(0.33 m)—most often 2 feet 2 inches (0.66 m) wide. 239:, with holes on 1-inch (25.4 mm) centers, is still used in legacy 468:

Generic Requirements for Network Equipment in the Outside Plant (OSP),

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with a particular screw thread. When rack rails are too thin to tap,

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Equipment designed to be placed in a rack is typically described as

3367: 762:- Multiple documents are available in French and English versions. 3247: 3237: 3232: 3222: 3132: 3061: 2563: 1936: 1049: 1027: 981: 956: 734: 607: 501: 433: 354: 346: 268: 225: 144: 739:

Computer keyboard and monitor mounted on a sliding tray in a rack

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specifies the usable opening of seismic-compliant 19-inch racks.

3392: 3307: 2904: 2747: 1128: 240: 2751: 2022: 317:

is number of rack units, the ideal formula for panel height is

3086: 1285:(Seventh ed.). Boston, MA: Engage Learning. p. 169. 1090: 529: 255: 1806:

The Manchester Baby : The First Stored Program Computer

1537:

Telcordia GR-63-CORE, NEBS Requirements: Physical Protection

1574:"Seismic Enclosures Provide an Extra Measure of Protection" 848:

Components on front panels; mounting conditions, dimensions

638:. Road cases typically have plywood sides laminated with 809:

Part 3-105: Dimensions and design aspects for 1U chassis

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Comparison between 10-inch and 19-inch rack dimensions.

875:

Holes so arranged can either be tapped (usually 10-32

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players will not work upside-down because the driving

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disassemble the device chassis to replace the fans.

3619: 3120: 2785: 2661: 2630: 2607: 2542: 2514: 2419: 2396: 2339: 2330: 2223: 2163: 2156: 2076: 2069: 2060: 188:By 1934, it was an established standard with holes 1209:Wikimedia Foundation servers as seen from the rear 1197:Wikimedia Foundation servers as seen from the rear 298:industrial power, control, and automation hardware 258:facilities, and professionally designed corporate 1491:, documents a relay rack made in 1965; Nov. 2011. 1040:A 23-inch (580 mm) rack is used for housing 902:the region. Such a region is commonly known as a 785:Part 3-101: Subracks and associated plug-in units 518:each rail to the sides of the server with screws. 157:and termination equipment in a telephone company 1958:"Upgrade of The Isis Pre-Injector EHT Generator" 1277:West, Jill; Dean, Tamara; Andrews, Jean (2015). 684:latch, named for the shape of the twist handle. 996:European Telecommunications Standards Institute 1852:"9 things every Eurorack beginner should know" 1414:. American Radio Relay League. pp. 27–30. 852:DIN IEC 60297-3-100 (see above in IEC section) 2763: 2034: 1385:"Telephone Equipment for Long Cable Circuits" 506:Example of 19-inch computer rack with servers 200:was revised again in 1992 to comply with the 27:Standard width frame for electronic equipment 8: 1909:Anderson, Alexander John (25 October 2020). 1618:Electronic Assembly Chassis Supporting Track 1358:"New Electric Interlocking at Allentown, PA" 1279:"Structured Cabling and Networking Elements" 823: 1820:"Open Rack 1.0 Specification Available Now" 1073:Open Rack is a mounting system designed by 2770: 2756: 2748: 2336: 2160: 2073: 2066: 2041: 2027: 2019: 841:Dimensions of cabinets and suites of racks 675:Portable rack cases using a rotary-molded 3627:International Electrotechnical Commission 1838:"OpenVPX — from Concept to Specification" 760:International Electrotechnical Commission 138:By 1911, the term was also being used in 646:Fiberglass-reinforced plastic case racks 38: 30:"Rack-mounted" redirects here. See also 1269: 1160: 813:IEC 60297-4 Replaced by IEC 60297-3-102 774:IEC 60297-2 Replaced by IEC 60297-3-100 771:IEC 60297-1 Replaced by IEC 60297-3-100 634:(ATA), sometimes also referred to as a 458:NEBS Requirements: Physical Protection, 1974: 1963: 1761:"The Server Rack FAQ - Define EIA-310" 406: 791:Part 3-102: Injector/extractor handle 7: 1464:. Morgan & Claypool Publishers. 797:Part 3-103: Keying and alignment pin 632:Air Transport Association of America 368:Originally, the mounting holes were 1327:Lowenthal, Max (February 2, 1899). 1956:Barratt, P.; Lloyd, R. D. (1998). 1912:Foundations of Computer Technology 1792:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1964.tb04057.x 1489:The University of Iowa's DEC PDP-8 1383:Demarest, Charles S. (July 1923). 1221:19-inch racks with video equipment 1145:PCI eXtensions for Instrumentation 667:for military and commercial uses. 560:mechanism does not grip the disc. 208:44.45 millimetres (1.75 in). 25: 232:and other industries, though the 2731: 2730: 2006: 1214: 1202: 1190: 1175: 1170:A server rack seen from the rear 1163: 1123:Eurocard (printed circuit board) 754:Consumer Electronics Association 149:Telephone equipment racks (1923) 1732:"Data Center Cooling | Pentair" 1688:from the original on 2022-10-09 1657:from the original on 2009-08-28 1555:from the original on 2011-07-16 694:Computer cooling § Servers 328:for calculating in inches, and 131:appeared first in the world of 1185:servers as seen from the front 826:Deutsches Institut für Normung 748:Electronic Industries Alliance 671:Polyethylene molded case racks 1: 1389:Bell System Technical Journal 1139:(Versa Module Eurocard bus), 936:enclosure might require 10U. 1896:"IEEE Standards Association" 1709:. Anvil Case. Archived from 1020:millimetres (0.98 in). 879:thread, or, less often, 6mm 62:telecommunications equipment 1780:Bell Labs Technical Journal 1707:"Standard Rack Mount Cases" 1259:, wider, deeper rack design 883:) or have square holes for 3684: 2481:Personal digital assistant 1283:Network+ Guide to Networks 1155:Pictures of 19-inch racks 1120: 1102: 1088: 1066: 894: 691: 618:sound reinforcement system 43:A full-height rack cabinet 29: 2726: 1502:"Define: Rack Hole Types" 116:, or occasionally simply 1866:"Eurocard bus standards" 652:fiber-reinforced plastic 427:power distribution units 2718:Wireless sensor network 1626:, granted Oct. 8, 1957. 1607:, granted June 4, 1963. 1599:Chassis Slide Mechanism 1332:The Electrical Engineer 986:Racks: 19-inch and ETSI 576:Four-post cabinet racks 202:1988 public law 100-418 2491:Portable data terminal 1973:Cite journal requires 1520:"What is a Versa Rail" 1435:"Open Compute Project" 1037: 987: 962: 824: 740: 621: 507: 449:Telcordia Technologies 360: 352: 281: 150: 44: 2674:Information appliance 2496:Portable media player 2439:Handheld game console 1870:Electronics and Power 1676:"Aluminum Relay Rack" 1623:U.S. patent 2,809,085 1604:U.S. patent 3,092,429 1133:printed circuit board 1031: 985: 960: 738: 717:Raised or false floor 611: 505: 425:accessories, such as 358: 350: 273:A professional-grade 272: 148: 94:rack-mount instrument 42: 3653:Mechanical standards 2449:Mobile data terminal 2429:Electronic organizer 2101:Intelligent terminal 2015:at Wikimedia Commons 1882:10.1049/ep.1983.0192 1439:Open Compute Project 1257:Open Compute Project 1183:Wikimedia Foundation 1131:standard format for 1079:Open Compute Project 588:Two-post relay racks 264:hyperscale computing 84:Overview and history 78:scientific equipment 3663:American inventions 1736:schroff.pentair.com 1597:William B. George, 1424:ANSI/EIA-310-D-1992 1362:The Signal Engineer 1111:modular synthesiser 703:to dissipate heat. 650:In 1965, a durable 612:Rack-mounted audio 604:ATA road case racks 98:rack-mounted system 66:networking hardware 3668:1922 introductions 3648:Computer enclosure 2706:Computer-on-module 2564:Digital wristwatch 2366:Mobile workstation 2136:Video game console 2096:Internet appliance 1854:. 9 February 2022. 1767:. 12 October 2007. 1681:. Bud Industries. 1616:Scott F. Herbert, 1526:. 15 October 2007. 1508:. 14 October 2007. 1038: 1032:The 1948 original 994:is defined by the 988: 963: 741: 640:polyvinyl chloride 622: 508: 400:Structural support 361: 353: 343:Equipment mounting 282: 214:telecommunications 151: 140:railroad signaling 102:rack-mount chassis 74:professional audio 45: 3635: 3634: 2745: 2744: 2694:Rugged smartphone 2603: 2602: 2599: 2598: 2326: 2325: 2322: 2321: 2280:Small form factor 2106:Interactive kiosk 2011:Media related to 1922:978-1-000-15371-2 1840:. September 2010. 1485:The Computer Rack 1471:978-1-68173-434-7 948:Related standards 498:Computer mounting 72:production gear, 16:(Redirected from 3675: 2772: 2765: 2758: 2749: 2734: 2733: 2569:Calculator watch 2552:Activity tracker 2337: 2161: 2074: 2067: 2043: 2036: 2029: 2020: 2010: 1994: 1989: 1983: 1982: 1976: 1971: 1969: 1961: 1953: 1947: 1946: 1944: 1943: 1933: 1927: 1926: 1906: 1900: 1899: 1892: 1886: 1885: 1876:(6): 453. 1983. 1862: 1856: 1855: 1848: 1842: 1841: 1834: 1828: 1827: 1816: 1810: 1809: 1802: 1796: 1795: 1775: 1769: 1768: 1765:server-racks.com 1757: 1751: 1750: 1748: 1747: 1738:. Archived from 1728: 1722: 1721: 1719: 1718: 1703: 1697: 1696: 1694: 1693: 1687: 1680: 1672: 1666: 1665: 1663: 1662: 1647: 1641: 1640: 1633: 1627: 1625: 1614: 1608: 1606: 1595: 1589: 1588: 1586: 1585: 1576:. Archived from 1570: 1564: 1563: 1561: 1560: 1545: 1539: 1534: 1528: 1527: 1524:server-racks.com 1516: 1510: 1509: 1506:server-racks.com 1498: 1492: 1482: 1476: 1475: 1455: 1449: 1448: 1446: 1445: 1431: 1425: 1422: 1416: 1415: 1407: 1401: 1400: 1398: 1396: 1380: 1374: 1373: 1371: 1369: 1354: 1348: 1347: 1345: 1343: 1324: 1318: 1313: 1307: 1306: 1301: 1299: 1274: 1253:, for rack cases 1241:Horizontal pitch 1218: 1206: 1194: 1179: 1167: 1015: 1014: 1010: 1007: 829: 807:IEC 60297-3-105 801:IEC 60297-3-104 795:IEC 60297-3-103 789:IEC 60297-3-102 783:IEC 60297-3-101 777:IEC 60297-3-100 630:approved by the 614:power amplifiers 378:threaded inserts 338: 327: 312: 311: 307: 237:23-inch standard 234:Western Electric 184: 183: 179: 176: 170: 169: 165: 58:computer servers 21: 3683: 3682: 3678: 3677: 3676: 3674: 3673: 3672: 3658:Server hardware 3638: 3637: 3636: 3631: 3615: 3116: 2781: 2776: 2746: 2741: 2722: 2679:Microcontroller 2669:Embedded system 2657: 2626: 2595: 2538: 2510: 2506:Ultra-mobile PC 2415: 2392: 2318: 2219: 2152: 2056: 2047: 2003: 1998: 1997: 1990: 1986: 1972: 1962: 1955: 1954: 1950: 1941: 1939: 1935: 1934: 1930: 1923: 1908: 1907: 1903: 1894: 1893: 1889: 1864: 1863: 1859: 1850: 1849: 1845: 1836: 1835: 1831: 1818: 1817: 1813: 1808:. Google. 2013. 1804: 1803: 1799: 1777: 1776: 1772: 1759: 1758: 1754: 1745: 1743: 1730: 1729: 1725: 1716: 1714: 1705: 1704: 1700: 1691: 1689: 1685: 1678: 1674: 1673: 1669: 1660: 1658: 1649: 1648: 1644: 1635: 1634: 1630: 1621: 1615: 1611: 1602: 1596: 1592: 1583: 1581: 1572: 1571: 1567: 1558: 1556: 1547: 1546: 1542: 1535: 1531: 1518: 1517: 1513: 1500: 1499: 1495: 1483: 1479: 1472: 1457: 1456: 1452: 1443: 1441: 1433: 1432: 1428: 1423: 1419: 1409: 1408: 1404: 1394: 1392: 1382: 1381: 1377: 1367: 1365: 1356: 1355: 1351: 1341: 1339: 1326: 1325: 1321: 1314: 1310: 1297: 1295: 1293: 1276: 1275: 1271: 1266: 1232: 1227: 1226: 1225: 1222: 1219: 1210: 1207: 1198: 1195: 1186: 1180: 1171: 1168: 1153: 1127:Eurocard is an 1125: 1119: 1107: 1101: 1093: 1087: 1071: 1065: 1034:Manchester Baby 1026: 1012: 1008: 1005: 1003: 980: 971: 955: 950: 918:or, in German, 899: 893: 733: 696: 690: 673: 648: 606: 590: 581:Four-post racks 578: 566: 500: 476: 447:. According to 402: 366: 345: 329: 318: 309: 305: 304: 181: 177: 174: 172: 167: 163: 162: 86: 76:equipment, and 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3681: 3679: 3671: 3670: 3665: 3660: 3655: 3650: 3640: 3639: 3633: 3632: 3630: 3629: 3623: 3621: 3617: 3616: 3614: 3613: 3608: 3603: 3598: 3593: 3588: 3583: 3578: 3575: 3570: 3565: 3560: 3555: 3550: 3545: 3540: 3535: 3530: 3525: 3520: 3515: 3510: 3505: 3500: 3495: 3490: 3485: 3480: 3475: 3470: 3465: 3460: 3455: 3450: 3445: 3440: 3435: 3430: 3425: 3420: 3415: 3410: 3405: 3400: 3395: 3390: 3385: 3380: 3375: 3370: 3365: 3360: 3355: 3350: 3345: 3340: 3335: 3330: 3325: 3320: 3315: 3310: 3305: 3300: 3295: 3290: 3285: 3280: 3275: 3270: 3265: 3260: 3255: 3250: 3245: 3240: 3235: 3230: 3225: 3220: 3215: 3210: 3205: 3200: 3195: 3190: 3185: 3180: 3175: 3170: 3165: 3160: 3155: 3150: 3145: 3140: 3135: 3130: 3124: 3122: 3118: 3117: 3115: 3114: 3109: 3104: 3099: 3094: 3089: 3084: 3079: 3074: 3069: 3064: 3059: 3054: 3049: 3044: 3039: 3034: 3029: 3024: 3019: 3014: 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1152: 1149: 1121:Main article: 1118: 1115: 1103:Main article: 1100: 1097: 1089:Main article: 1086: 1083: 1067:Main article: 1064: 1061: 1025: 1022: 979: 976: 970: 967: 954: 951: 949: 946: 895:Main article: 892: 889: 858: 857: 856: 855: 854: 853: 850: 844: 821: 820: 819: 818: 817: 814: 811: 805: 799: 793: 787: 781: 775: 772: 757: 751: 732: 731:Specifications 729: 692:Main article: 689: 686: 672: 669: 647: 644: 605: 602: 593:Two-post racks 589: 586: 577: 574: 565: 562: 538: 537: 534: 523: 519: 515: 499: 496: 475: 474:Rails (slides) 472: 401: 398: 365: 362: 344: 341: 292:, interfaces, 278:Tektronix 7603 159:central office 114:rack-mountable 85: 82: 26: 24: 18:Equipment rack 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3680: 3669: 3666: 3664: 3661: 3659: 3656: 3654: 3651: 3649: 3646: 3645: 3643: 3628: 3625: 3624: 3622: 3618: 3612: 3609: 3607: 3604: 3602: 3599: 3597: 3594: 3592: 3589: 3587: 3584: 3582: 3579: 3576: 3574: 3571: 3569: 3566: 3564: 3561: 3559: 3556: 3554: 3551: 3549: 3546: 3544: 3541: 3539: 3536: 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CRC Press. 1914: 1913: 1905: 1902: 1897: 1891: 1888: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1861: 1858: 1853: 1847: 1844: 1839: 1833: 1830: 1825: 1821: 1815: 1812: 1807: 1801: 1798: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1774: 1771: 1766: 1762: 1756: 1753: 1742:on 2017-08-27 1741: 1737: 1733: 1727: 1724: 1713:on 2018-02-26 1712: 1708: 1702: 1699: 1684: 1677: 1671: 1668: 1656: 1652: 1646: 1643: 1638: 1632: 1629: 1624: 1619: 1613: 1610: 1605: 1600: 1594: 1591: 1580:on 2009-01-13 1579: 1575: 1569: 1566: 1554: 1550: 1544: 1541: 1538: 1533: 1530: 1525: 1521: 1515: 1512: 1507: 1503: 1497: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1481: 1478: 1473: 1467: 1463: 1462: 1454: 1451: 1440: 1436: 1430: 1427: 1421: 1418: 1413: 1406: 1403: 1390: 1386: 1379: 1376: 1363: 1359: 1353: 1350: 1337: 1333: 1330: 1323: 1320: 1317: 1312: 1309: 1305: 1294: 1292:9781305480865 1288: 1284: 1280: 1273: 1270: 1263: 1258: 1255: 1252: 1249: 1247: 1244: 1242: 1239: 1237: 1234: 1233: 1229: 1217: 1212: 1205: 1200: 1193: 1188: 1184: 1178: 1173: 1166: 1161: 1156: 1150: 1148: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1124: 1116: 1114: 1112: 1106: 1098: 1096: 1092: 1084: 1082: 1080: 1076: 1070: 1062: 1060: 1057: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1044:(primarily), 1043: 1035: 1030: 1023: 1021: 1017: 1001: 1000:21-inch racks 997: 993: 984: 977: 975: 969:11-foot frame 968: 966: 959: 952: 947: 945: 941: 937: 935: 931: 927: 926: 921: 917: 913: 909: 905: 898: 890: 888: 886: 882: 878: 873: 869: 867: 863: 851: 849: 845: 842: 838: 837: 836: 832: 831: 828: 827: 822: 815: 812: 810: 806: 804: 800: 798: 794: 792: 788: 786: 782: 780: 776: 773: 770: 769: 768: 764: 763: 761: 758: 755: 752: 749: 746: 745: 744: 737: 730: 728: 724: 720: 718: 712: 708: 704: 702: 695: 687: 685: 683: 678: 670: 668: 666: 662: 658: 653: 645: 643: 641: 637: 633: 629: 628: 619: 615: 610: 603: 601: 599: 594: 587: 585: 582: 575: 573: 570: 563: 561: 559: 555: 549: 547: 543: 535: 531: 528: 524: 520: 516: 513: 512: 511: 504: 497: 495: 492: 489: 485: 480: 473: 471: 469: 465: 461: 459: 455: 450: 446: 445:seismic zones 441: 439: 435: 430: 428: 424: 418: 414: 410: 408: 407:23-inch racks 399: 397: 393: 391: 385: 381: 379: 375: 371: 363: 357: 349: 342: 340: 336: 332: 325: 321: 316: 301: 299: 295: 291: 290:effects units 287: 279: 276: 271: 267: 265: 261: 257: 253: 248: 246: 242: 238: 235: 231: 230:entertainment 227: 223: 219: 215: 209: 207: 203: 199: 195: 191: 186: 160: 156: 147: 143: 141: 136: 134: 130: 125: 123: 119: 115: 111: 107: 103: 99: 95: 91: 83: 81: 79: 75: 71: 67: 63: 59: 55: 50: 41: 37: 33: 32:Industrial PC 19: 3563:27000-series 2837: 2701:Single-board 2586:Smartglasses 2529:Programmable 2454:Mobile phone 2307:Blade server 2301: 2146:Microconsole 2141:Home console 1987: 1966:cite journal 1951: 1940:. 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2111:Rich client 1487:section of 1236:Data center 636:flight case 598:Relay Racks 484:disk arrays 262:, although 70:audiovisual 3642:Categories 2591:Smart ring 2579:Sportwatch 2574:Smartwatch 2557:Smart band 2534:Scientific 2516:Calculator 2476:Palmtop PC 2469:Smartphone 2406:Detachable 2231:All-in-one 2181:Industrial 2078:Appliances 1942:2023-01-17 1746:2017-08-27 1717:2017-12-26 1692:2017-12-26 1661:2009-07-24 1584:2007-10-29 1559:2009-07-27 1444:2024-03-01 1395:9 December 1368:9 December 1342:9 December 1298:9 December 1264:References 833:DIN 41494 765:IEC 60297 701:convection 564:Rack types 542:KVM switch 374:rivet nuts 286:amplifiers 129:relay rack 90:rack-mount 2713:Smartdust 2648:Minisuper 2643:Mainframe 2622:Supermini 2386:Smartbook 2361:Cloudbook 2263:Pizza box 2157:Computers 2116:Simulator 2013:19"-Racks 1786:: 15–44. 1246:Rack unit 1069:Open Rack 1063:Open Rack 1054:rack unit 1042:telephone 992:ETSI rack 978:ETSI rack 916:rack unit 897:Rack unit 891:Rack unit 885:cage nuts 682:butterfly 627:road case 390:cage nuts 376:or other 364:Fastening 294:headphone 218:computing 185:inches." 133:telephony 127:The term 122:rack unit 2737:Category 2609:Midrange 2544:Wearable 2524:Graphing 2501:Siftable 2434:E-reader 2421:Handheld 2371:Notebook 2312:Blade PC 2295:Stick PC 2275:Portable 2258:Deskside 2241:Tabletop 2186:Personal 2126:Smart TV 1683:Archived 1655:Archived 1553:Archived 1230:See also 1117:Eurocard 1105:Eurorack 1099:Eurorack 1075:Facebook 1046:computer 527:identify 438:aluminum 155:repeater 3620:Related 3333:13522-5 3121:ISO/IEC 3012:62014-4 2925:61131-9 2920:61131-3 2890:60906-1 2883:60870-6 2878:60870-5 2464:Feature 2411:Phablet 2381:Netbook 2285:Mini PC 2253:Desktop 2246:Surface 2224:By size 2054:classes 1151:Gallery 1085:OpenVPX 1011:⁄ 688:Cooling 488:routers 464:GR-3108 337:− 0.794 333:= 44.45 326:− 0.031 308:⁄ 180:⁄ 166:⁄ 106:subrack 2735: 2689:Rugged 2662:Others 2486:Pocket 2459:Camera 2398:Tablet 2349:2-in-1 2341:Laptop 2332:Mobile 2203:Server 2198:Public 2171:Gaming 2164:By use 2070:Static 1919: 1468: 1289: 1141:STEbus 1137:VMEbus 922:, for 906:, for 881:metric 665:Kevlar 661:DuPont 659:, and 423:zero-U 370:tapped 322:= 1.75 190:tapped 3611:81346 3606:80000 3601:42010 3596:39075 3591:38500 3586:33001 3581:29119 3577:29110 3573:27040 3568:27002 3558:27000 3553:26300 3548:24752 3543:24744 3538:24727 3533:24707 3528:23360 3523:23270 3518:23008 3513:23003 3508:23000 3503:22537 3498:22275 3493:21827 3488:21000 3483:20802 3478:20000 3473:19788 3468:19770 3463:19757 3458:19752 3453:18181 3448:18014 3443:18004 3438:17025 3433:17024 3428:16485 3423:16262 3418:15938 3413:15897 3408:15693 3403:15511 3398:15504 3393:15445 3388:15444 3383:15408 3378:15291 3373:15288 3368:14882 3363:14651 3358:14496 3353:14443 3348:13818 3343:13816 3338:13568 3328:13346 3323:13250 3318:12207 3313:11801 3308:11544 3303:11404 3298:11179 3293:11172 3288:10967 3283:10646 3278:10279 3273:10179 3268:10165 3263:10116 3258:10021 3112:63382 3107:63119 3102:63110 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