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25:
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315:(1011–1039). In that case, the crown would have originally been made for the ritual coronation of the golden Madonna. Furthermore, the regularity of the crown's decoration makes it unlikely that it was ever actually resized. Sometimes the crown is now even dated to the latter half of the eleventh century.
271:
is the only coronation of a child which occurred within the right time period. Furthermore, the medieval practice of crowning a statue of
Madonna on 2 February during Michaelmas is first attested at Essen. Thus it was suggested that the practice commemorated the gift of the crown to the abbey during
266:
Otto III's second gift might have been the golden crown. Written evidence for this is lacking, but there were circumstantial arguments for it. Firstly, based on art historical comparisons, the crown was dated to the end of the tenth century. The existence of the iron reinforcing ring was taken as
267:
evidence that the crown had been reworked for the Golden
Madonna's head and, therefore, had originally been designed for another purpose, which it was concluded could only have the coronation of a child, since it would still have been too small for an adult. The coronation of Otto III in 983 at
254:
which was probably made in 950 and shows signs of use on the blade. This sword was venerated, probably on account of its former owner, and an expensive golden sheath was made at Essen for the sword. In later times the sword was reputed to be the
302:
In current scholarship it is thought that the crown itself dates to the beginning of the eleventh century on account of the decorative elements known as lilies and beehives, which are very similar to artworks made at the time of
291:
and the halo of the Golden
Madonna which made it difficult to crown the statue was removed. This suggests that the crowning ritual originated only a little before this, probably around 1040/50.
263:. For modern scholarship, a better understanding of the relationship of Essen Abbey and the Ottonian family provided an answer to the question of who the original owner of the sword really was.
146:). However, this idea most probably derives from the wishful thinking of early twentieth century historians of Essen and it is now widely rejected. However it is certainly the oldest surviving
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476:
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royal family, as demonstrated by significant donations by the kings and also in the fact that the sister of Otto III (who like the Abbess was also called
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Modern dating puts the modification of the crown in the middle of the eleventh century. At that time several of the artworks at Essen were modified: the
223:
The origin of the crown is unclear. For a long time it was claimed that the crown was made for the coronation of Otto III in 983 and had been gifted to
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decorate the main body of the crown and the lilies, with particularly precious stones placed directly under the lilies. Highlights include a
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166:. A regular border of precious stones runs along the whole circumference. The main circlet is made of gold which has been heavily
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circlet. The band is 3.5 cm wide and its diameter is now 12.5 cm, having been adjusted to fit the head of the
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243:) was educated at Essen. At the beginning of February 993, therefore, Otto III made a visit to the Abbey of Essen for
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his visit to Essen at the beginning of
February 993, which would have coincided with the feast day.
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For centuries, nothing important happened to the crown. Then, in 1988, it was depicted on a
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127:. It was formerly claimed that it might have been the crown with which the three-year-old
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Alfred
Pothmann. "Der Essener Kirchenschatz aus der Frühzeit der Stiftsgeschichte." In:
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strung on a metal wire attached to the circlet by metal rings. Numerous pearls and
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with silver; a second circlet of pure gold has been soldered onto the outside. An
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367:, edited by Birgitta Falk, Exhibition Catalog 2008. Klartext Verlag, Essen 2008,
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Comparable (but later) crowns are in the possession of the church treasuries of
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Herrschaft, Bildung und Gebet. Gründung und Anfänge des
Frauenstifts Essen.
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307:. Such artworks in the Essen Cathedral Treasury include the ends of the
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The upper and lower edges of the crown are decorated with
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Gold vor
Schwarz. Der Essener Domschatz auf Zollverein
311:, which is believed to have been created under Abbess
200:
in a triangular gold ring at the front of the crown.
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as an outstanding example of
Ottonian goldsmithery.
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by him. Essen Abbey, under the leadership of Abbess
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in 983, which is the source of its common name, the
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1891:Crown of the Virgin of the Tabernacle of Toledo
395:on the website of the Essen Cathedral Treasury.
235:, had a particularly close relationship to the
1551:Imperial Crown of Mexico (2nd Mexican Empire)
1546:Imperial Crown of Mexico (1st Mexican Empire)
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8:
174:reinforcing ring is visible on the outside.
2033:Crown of Sri Vikrama Rajasinha of Sri Lanka
2005:Silver Crown of Emperor Tewodros (Ethiopia)
342:Schwann, Düsseldorf 1904, pp. 261–266.
421:
407:
399:
340:Die Kunstwerke der Münsterkirche zu Essen.
673:Crown of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
1885:Crown of the Crowned Virgin of the Kings
1405:Imperial Crown of Empress Go-Sakuramachi
549:Coronet of the Imperial Prince of Brazil
32:This article includes a list of general
1120:Imperial Crown of the Holy Roman Empire
1021:Funeral Crown of Augustus II the Strong
1458:Gold Crown of Geumnyeongchong Tumulus
643:Small Diamond Crown of Queen Victoria
614:Coronet of Frederick, Prince of Wales
554:Coronet of Laurels of Princess Isabel
7:
1867:Royal Crown of Spain (Tumular Crown)
975:Crown of Sophia Charlotte of Hanover
473:Brilliant Crown of Empress Elisabeth
97:The crown as part of the exhibition
1621:(destroyed; replica: Stará Ľubovňa)
1150:Reliquary Crown of John the Baptist
679:Coronet of Charles, Prince of Wales
298:The crown on a postage stamp (1988)
1464:Gold Crown of Seobongchong Tumulus
655:Coronet of George, Prince of Wales
259:and was included in Essen's civic
250:The first of these was a sword of
38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
2038:Great Crown of Victory (Thailand)
1769:Cap of Monomakh of the second set
1764:Crown of Tsar Michael Fyodorovich
923:Ducal Crown of Brunswick-Lüneburg
891:Crown of Queen Therese of Bavaria
257:Sword of Saints Cosmas and Damian
158:In its shape the crown recalls a
1590:Norwegian Crown Prince's Coronet
23:
1184:Salian Funeral Crowns of Spires
1172:Lily Crown of Empress Cunigunde
1015:Crown of Augustus II the Strong
1879:Crown of Isabella I of Castile
1794:Crown of Empress Anna Ivanovna
1784:Altabas crown of the third set
1557:Funerary crown of Maximilian I
1452:Gold Crown of Hwangnamdaechong
1156:Reliquary Crown of Charlemagne
1138:Imperial Crowns of Charles VII
1:
2150:Cultural depictions of Medusa
1774:Diamond Crown of Tsar Peter I
1619:Crown of Bolesław I the Brave
881:Crown of the Queen of Bavaria
620:Coronation Crown of George IV
596:State Crown of Mary of Modena
231:, who was a granddaughter of
16:Ottonian dynasty golden crown
2145:Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor
1789:Crown of Empress Catherine I
1779:Diamond Crown of Tsar Ivan V
1667:Funeral Crown of Augustus II
1602:Crown of the Queen of Norway
1364:Crown of Constance of Sicily
1358:Grand Ducal Crown of Tuscany
1226:Tiara of Pope Pius IX (1846)
907:Electoral Hat of Brandenburg
309:cross with the large enamels
89:, with the sapphire at front
1440:Gold Crown of Geumgwanchong
1178:Reliquary Crown of Henry II
520:Crown of the Środa Treasure
140:Childhood Crown of Otto III
2166:
1926:Crown of the Heir Apparent
1491:Ducal hat of Liechtenstein
1446:Gold Crown of Cheonmachong
1190:Reliquary Crown of Otto II
1162:Crown of Empress Cunigunde
1037:Royal Crown of Württemberg
859:Grand Ducal Crown of Baden
495:Archducal hat of Joseph II
1493:(missing; replica: Vaduz)
1099:Crown of Queen Kapiʻolani
696:Diamond Crown of Bulgaria
578:Crown of Margaret of York
572:Crown of Princess Blanche
467:Imperial Crown of Austria
1920:Crown of Queen Christina
1842:Crown of Stephen Bocskai
1836:Crown of Stefan Uroš III
1574:Crown of the Netherlands
1281:Crown of Stephen Bocskai
1250:Tiara of Pope John XXIII
828:Crown of Empress Eugénie
649:Crown of Queen Alexandra
543:Imperial Crown of Brazil
514:Crown of Saint Wenceslas
461:Archducal hat of Austria
125:Essen Cathedral Treasury
87:Essen Cathedral Treasury
2115:11th-century sculptures
1530:Crown of Ranavalona III
1009:Electoral Hat of Saxony
667:Imperial Crown of India
631:Crown of Queen Adelaide
608:State Crown of George I
53:more precise citations.
1759:Crown of Kazan Tzardom
1737:Steel Crown of Romania
1679:Crown of Maria Josepha
1093:Crown of King Kalākaua
987:Crown of Queen Augusta
938:Royal Crown of Hanover
875:Royal Crown of Bavaria
483:Archducal hat of Tyrol
349:Klartext, Essen 2000,
299:
192:depicting the head of
104:
90:
1673:Crown of Augustus III
1388:Emperor Kōmei Variant
1275:Holy Crown of Hungary
1256:Tiara of Pope Paul VI
1240:(Notre Dame, Indiana)
1238:Tiara of Pope Pius IX
995:(Hohenzollern Castle)
822:Crown of Napoleon III
763:Crown of Christian IV
363:. "Essener Krone" In
297:
144:Kinderkrone Ottos III
96:
84:
2023:Raven Crown (Bhutan)
1861:Royal Crown of Spain
1809:Small Imperial Crown
1799:Great Imperial Crown
1661:Crown of Augustus II
1348:Crown of Theodelinda
1338:Royal Crown of Savoy
969:Crown of Frederick I
798:Crown of Saint Louis
792:Crown of Charlemagne
769:Crown of Christian V
637:Imperial State Crown
444:Helmet of Skanderbeg
123:golden crown in the
2135:11th century in art
2130:Ottonian sculptures
1708:Diadem of the Stars
1525:Crown of Madagascar
993:Crown of Wilhelm II
816:Crown of Napoleon I
661:Crown of Queen Mary
489:Ducal hat of Styria
357:, pp. 135–153.
324:Deutsche Bundespost
1914:Crown of the Queen
1873:Crown of Sancho IV
1825:Karađorđević Crown
1725:Crown of Elisabeta
1258:(Washington, D.C.)
1214:Papier-mâché Tiara
1132:Crown of Rudolf II
1075:Crown of Faustin I
981:Crown of Wilhelm I
916:Brunswick-Lüneburg
845:German State Crown
775:Crown of the Queen
391:2016-02-09 at the
300:
277:Cross of Theophanu
136:King of the Romans
105:
91:
2125:Individual crowns
2102:
2101:
1908:Crown of Eric XIV
1754:"Cap of Monomakh"
810:Crown of Louis XV
804:Crown of Henry IV
746:Crown of Zvonimir
590:St Edward's Crown
584:Crown of Scotland
375:, pp. 92–93.
373:978-3-8375-0050-9
283:reliquary of the
85:The crown in the
79:
78:
71:
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2069:Heir presumptive
2028:Shripech (Nepal)
1702:Crown of João VI
537:Crown of Pedro I
463:(Klosterneuburg)
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269:Aachen Cathedral
100:Gold vor Schwarz
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1596:Crown of Norway
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1423:Crown of Baekje
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1298:Sasanian crowns
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1192:(Halle (Saale))
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1246:(Vatican City)
1244:Palatine Tiara
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1228:(Vatican City)
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1220:Napoleon Tiara
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1216:(Vatican City)
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953:Wendish Crown
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361:Birgitta Falk
359:
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355:3-88474-907-2
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117:Essener Krone
114:
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59:November 2021
52:
48:
42:
41:
35:
30:
21:
20:
2094:Royal family
2059:Crown jewels
2014:
1991:
1981:Crown of Rus
1966:(Nukuʻalofa)
1685:Płock Diadem
1470:Silver Crown
1209:Papal tiaras
1143:
1028:
1000:
960:
944:
929:
914:
898:
866:
850:
777:(Copenhagen)
771:(Copenhagen)
765:(Copenhagen)
725:Tongtianguan
545:(Petrópolis)
539:(Petrópolis)
485:(Mariastein)
364:
346:
339:
336:Georg Humann
330:Bibliography
317:
301:
274:
265:
261:coat of arms
249:
222:
202:
190:engraved gem
187:Late Antique
176:
157:
143:
139:
116:
108:
106:
98:
65:
56:
37:
1928:(Stockholm)
1922:(Stockholm)
1916:(Stockholm)
1910:(Stockholm)
1739:(Bucharest)
1733:(Bucharest)
1727:(Bucharest)
1657:(destroyed)
1645:(destroyed)
1639:(destroyed)
1633:(destroyed)
1627:(destroyed)
1604:(Trondheim)
1598:(Trondheim)
1592:(Trondheim)
1567:Netherlands
1553:(destroyed)
1309:Kiani Crown
1144:Essen Crown
1039:(Stuttgart)
1030:Württemberg
946:Mecklenburg
900:Brandenburg
861:(Karlsruhe)
824:(destroyed)
806:(destroyed)
800:(destroyed)
794:(destroyed)
604:(destroyed)
602:Tudor Crown
586:(Edinburgh)
479:) (missing)
386:Essen Crown
225:Essen Abbey
154:Description
109:Essen Crown
51:introducing
2109:Categories
2054:Coronation
1947:(Punaauia)
1863:(heraldic)
1827:(Belgrade)
1518:Madagascar
1472:(Gyeongju)
1466:(Gyeongju)
1448:(Gyeongju)
1442:(Gyeongju)
1332:Iron Crown
1277:(Budapest)
1168:) (Munich)
1126:Iron Crown
1110:Holy Roman
1101:(Honolulu)
1095:(Honolulu)
955:(heraldic)
887:) (Munich)
847:(heraldic)
718:Yishanguan
205:Hildesheim
148:lily crown
34:references
1983:(missing)
1887:(Seville)
1881:(Granada)
1838:(Cetinje)
1669:(Dresden)
1663:(Dresden)
1651:(missing)
1510:(missing)
1501:Lithuania
1366:(Palermo)
1360:(missing)
1354:) (Monza)
1344:) (Turin)
1252:(Bergamo)
1023:(Dresden)
1017:(Dresden)
1011:(Dresden)
989:(missing)
983:(missing)
748:(missing)
698:(missing)
285:Holy Nail
281:Theophanu
245:Candlemas
183:gemstones
160:Byzantine
2079:Monarchy
2047:See also
1893:(Toledo)
1875:(Toledo)
1869:(Madrid)
1844:(Vienna)
1710:(Lisbon)
1704:(Lisbon)
1695:Portugal
1681:(Warsaw)
1675:(Warsaw)
1559:(Vienna)
1431:(Yongin)
1425:(Gongju)
1317:(Tehran)
1311:(Tehran)
1305:(Tehran)
1283:(Vienna)
1201:Holy See
1186:(Speyer)
1180:(Munich)
1174:(Munich)
1158:(Aachen)
1152:(Aachen)
1140:(Munich)
1134:(Vienna)
1122:(Vienna)
1058:(Athens)
977:(Berlin)
971:(Berlin)
909:(Berlin)
893:(Munich)
877:(Munich)
730:Mianguan
689:Bulgaria
681:(London)
675:(London)
669:(London)
663:(London)
657:(London)
651:(London)
645:(London)
639:(London)
633:(London)
622:(London)
616:(London)
610:(London)
598:(London)
592:(London)
580:(Aachen)
574:(Munich)
516:(Prague)
497:(Vienna)
469:(Vienna)
446:(Vienna)
389:Archived
305:Henry II
279:and the
241:Mathilde
237:Ottonian
229:Mathilde
198:sapphire
129:Otto III
121:Ottonian
119:) is an
2089:Regalia
1974:Ukraine
1718:Romania
1687:(Płock)
1460:(Seoul)
1454:(Seoul)
1395:Kanmuri
1334:(Monza)
1268:Hungary
1146:(Essen)
1128:(Monza)
962:Prussia
931:Hanover
868:Bavaria
838:Germany
830:(Paris)
818:(Paris)
812:(Paris)
756:Denmark
739:Croatia
506:Bohemia
454:Austria
437:Albania
322:of the
289:enamels
219:History
209:Conques
168:alloyed
133:crowned
47:improve
1992:Africa
1937:Tahiti
1901:Sweden
1818:Serbia
1747:Russia
1612:Poland
1583:Norway
1539:Mexico
1400:Raikan
1383:Benkan
1112:Empire
1085:Hawaii
1049:Greece
1002:Saxony
785:France
530:Brazil
491:(Graz)
430:Crowns
371:
353:
313:Sophia
233:Otto I
213:France
196:and a
194:Medusa
179:pearls
113:German
103:, 2008
36:, but
2084:Queen
1956:Tonga
1854:Spain
1415:Korea
1375:Japan
1325:Italy
1067:Haiti
852:Baden
713:Futou
706:China
2074:King
2015:Asia
1291:Iran
369:ISBN
351:ISBN
207:and
172:iron
131:was
107:The
211:in
2111::
1352:it
1342:it
1166:de
1033::
1005::
965::
949::
934::
919::
903::
885:de
871::
855::
477:de
338:.
215:.
115::
1350:(
1340:(
1164:(
883:(
475:(
422:e
415:t
408:v
142:(
111:(
72:)
66:(
61:)
57:(
43:.
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