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pirates and privateers which was provided by naval vessels of the flag state. In some cases states offered subsidies to the shipbuilding industries. In addition to these incentives, states might impose restrictions based on flag state, closing ports to other ships. One well known example of how this was applied is the case of
England, which restricted the import of Asian goods only to American and British vessels. England only opened its ports after it had maneuvered itself into a position of strength, and then most like only to gain access to other continental ports. Similarly, France imposed a trade monopoly on its colonies which remained in place until 1869.
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nations were able to maintain their dominance, or in some cases, even improve their position in maritime trade by offering vessels exclusive protection for flying their flags, which would in turn give the nation exclusive control over the vessels. Shipowners during this time needed protection from
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on the ship. Ships may be registered under flags of convenience to reduce operating costs, or else to avoid the regulations of, or inspection and scrutiny by, the country of the original owner. Normally the nationality (i.e., flag) of the ship determines the taxing jurisdiction.
133:
Ships must be registered in the ship register of the jurisdiction whose flag it is flying. Flag registers in many countries are open to ships with foreign owners. Normally, each flag state has only one ship register, but several countries have more than one register:
192:), on matters of safety, navigation, crewing etc. Part XII entail special provisions on protecting the marine environment, which includes placing special obligations on flag states to ensure compliance with international environmental legislation such as
97:—have a right to maintain a ship register and be a ship's flag state. Because of the failure of some flag states to comply with their survey and certification responsibilities, especially flag-of-convenience states that have delegated their task to
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46:, and is deemed the nationality of the vessel. A merchant vessel must be registered and can only be registered in one jurisdiction, but may change the jurisdiction in which it is registered. The flag state has the
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was the world's largest flag state, with almost a quarter of the world's ocean-going tonnage registered there. The United States and the United
Kingdom had only about 1% each.
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196:. Failure to do so, can result in the flag state losing its jurisdiction over ships under its flag, also when these commit violations on the high seas.
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188:) ensure that ships under their flag comply with international regulations, often adopted by the UN's International Maritime Organization (
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prevention documents. As a ship operates under the laws of its flag state, these laws are applicable if the ship is involved in an
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is responsible for life, health, vessel and the environment for Indian registered ships and ships at Indian ports.
283:, the Vanuatu Maritime Authority has the responsibility to enforce maritime laws and exercise flag state control.
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272:, under the authority of various federal laws, regulations and international conventions and treaties, the
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is responsible for the inspection of US flag vessels to ensure compliance operating throughout the world.
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is responsible for flag state control and enforcement under the Flag State
Quality Control Scheme.
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registered under its flag, including those relating to inspection, certification, and issuance of
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State
Responsibility for Interferences with the Freedom of Navigation in Public International Law
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Flag states must, in accordance with the United
Nations Convention on the Law Of the Sea (
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Enforcing
International Maritime Legislation on Air Pollution through UNCLOS
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Enforcing
International Maritime Legislation on Air Pollution through UNCLOS
175:, the fourth largest in the world, in addition to China's own ship registry.
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Flag State
Responsibility: Historical Development and Contemporary Issues
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in a state other than that of the ship's owners, and flying that state's
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maintain an international register to compete with flags of convenience.
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Each flag state has set up its own flag state control system:
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holds sovereignty have their own register. Most notably, the
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of 1921, it has been recognised that all states—including
333:"ARTICLE: The World's Top Ship Registries (Flag States)*"
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of foreign-registered ships entering their jurisdiction.
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to set up their own registers under the Dutch flag.
27:Jurisdiction where a merchant vessel is registered
101:, a number of states have since 1982 established
219:is responsible for flag state control under the
167:Hong Kong, the special administrative region of
50:and responsibility to enforce regulations over
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419:"Shipping Consultative Committee LegCo"
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261:is responsible for flag state control.
73:" describes the business practice of
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274:Officer in Charge Marine Inspections
259:Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MCA)
232:are in charge of Flag state control.
210:Australian Maritime Safety Authority
212:(AMSA) provides flag state control.
156:Several territories over which the
468:"IV. EFFECTIVE FLAG STATE CONTROL"
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248:Directorate General of Shipping
42:under whose laws the vessel is
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138:Denmark, France, Norway and
164:has a significant register.
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147:Kingdom of the Netherlands
495:Jesper Jarl Fanø (2019).
393:Jesper Jarl Fanø (2019).
222:Canada Shipping Act, 2001
488:Mansell, J.N.K. (2009):
397:. Hart Publishing. ch. 8
346:Wendel, Philipp (2007).
99:classification societies
180:Flag state enforcement
91:Flag Right Declaration
44:registered or licensed
151:constituent countries
149:allows the different
95:land-locked countries
354:. Springer. p.
230:Ships Safety Centers
108:As at January 2010,
103:port state controls
71:flag of convenience
499:. Hart Publishing.
407:Flag State Control
310:Port state control
235:In Hong Kong, the
208:In Australia, the
200:Flag state control
513:Ship registration
454:dgshipping.gov.in
237:Marine Department
171:, has a separate
16:(Redirected from
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122:World War II
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492:, Springer.
472:www.fao.org
270:Coast Guard
215:In Canada,
162:Isle of Man
75:registering
435:2008-12-05
380:2016-02-18
316:References
89:Since the
69:The term "
32:flag state
18:Flag State
60:pollution
48:authority
507:Category
288:See also
140:Portugal
483:Sources
281:Vanuatu
264:In the
253:In the
116:History
52:vessels
38:is the
450:"Home"
268:, the
257:, the
246:, the
194:MARPOL
186:UNCLOS
120:Until
110:Panama
56:safety
429:(PDF)
422:(PDF)
244:India
169:China
34:of a
145:The
58:and
30:The
279:In
242:In
190:IMO
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356:10
324:^
77:a
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