80:), or "sciotaxon" (Gr. "shadow taxon"), is a classification based on incomplete data: for instance, the larval stage of an organism that cannot be matched up with an adult. It reflects a paucity of data that makes biological classification impossible. A sciotaxon is defined as a taxon thought to be equivalent to a true taxon (orthotaxon), but whose identity cannot be established because the two candidate taxa are preserved in different ways and thus cannot be compared directly.
140:. There are three broad categories in the scheme, on the pattern of organismal phylogenetic classification, called oofamilies, oogenera and oospecies (collectively known as ootaxa). The names of oogenera and oofamilies conventionally contain the root "oolithus" meaning "stone egg", but this rule is not always followed. They are divided up into several basic types: Testudoid, Geckoid, Crocodiloid, Dinosauroid-spherulitic, Dinosauroid-prismatic, and Ornithoid.
162:, "form genera" and "organ genera", to mean groups of fossils of a particular part of a plant, such as a leaf or seed, whose parent plant is not known because the fossils were preserved unattached to the parent plant. A later term "morphotaxa" also allows for differences in preservational state. These three terms have been replaced as of 2011 by provisions for "fossil-taxa" that are more similar to the provisions for other types of plants.
38:
72:
Form taxonomy is restricted to fossils that preserve too few characters for a conclusive taxonomic definition or assessment of their biological affinity, but whose study is made easier if a binomial name is available by which to identify them. The term "form classification" is preferred to "form
165:
Names given to organ genera could only be applied to the organs in question, and could not be extended to the entire organism. Fossil-taxon names can cover several parts of an organism, or several preservational states, but do not compete for
551:
McNeill, J.; Barrie, F.R.; Buck, W.R.; Demoulin, V.; Greuter, W.; Hawksworth, D.L.; Herendeen, P.S.; Knapp, S.; Marhold, K.; Prado, J.; Prud'homme Van Reine, W.F.; Smith, G.F.; Wiersema, J.H.; Turland, N.J. (2012),
73:
taxonomy"; taxonomy suggests that the classification implies a biological affinity, whereas form classification is about giving a name to a group of morphologically-similar organisms that may not be related.
391:
486:
McNeill, J.; Barrie, F.R.; Burdet, H.M.; Demoulin, V.; Hawksworth, D.L.; Marhold, K.; Nicolson, D.H.; Prado, J.; Silva, P.C.; Skog, J.E.; Wiersema, J.; Turland, N.J., eds. (2006),
555:
International Code of
Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne Code) adopted by the Eighteenth International Botanical Congress Melbourne, Australia, July 2011
133:
but are nowadays recognized to unite a number of unrelated early neornithine lineages, several of which probably later gave rise to the "seabird" form taxon of today.
97:
was based on skull shape (the heavily armoured skulls often being the only preserved part). The amount of convergent evolution in the many groups lead to a number of
159:
408:
Konstantin E. Mikhailov, Emily S. Bray & Karl E. Hirsch (1996). "Parataxonomy of fossil egg remains (Veterovata): basic principles and applications".
489:
International Code of
Botanical Nomenclature (Vienna Code). Adopted by the Seventeenth International Botanical Congress Vienna, Austria, July 2005
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117:
of the fossil record, or are unrelated to any modern phylum — can currently only be grouped in "form taxa". Other examples include the
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601:
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Watson, D. M. S. (1920): The
Structure, Evolution and Origin of the Amphibia. The "Orders' Rachitomi and Stereospondyli.
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61:, which does not necessarily reflect their biological relationships. Form classification, generally restricted to
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250:, or a presumably artificial group of organisms whose true relationships are not known, being obscured by
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529:
The Code
Decoded: A user's guide to the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants
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Form taxa are groupings that are based on common overall forms. Early attempts at classification of
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Faegri, K. (January 1963). "Organ and Form Genera: Significance and
Nomenclatural Treatment".
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50:. The actual nature or phylogeny of the Vendozoan is not known, leading to form taxa only
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447:"A Miocene rodent nut cache in coastal dunes of the Lower Rhine Embayment, Germany"
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The part of the plant was often, but not universally, indicated by the use of a
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taxa. Such groups are united by a common mode of life, often one that is
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Fossil eggs are classified according to the parataxonomic system called
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with any names for the same organism that are based on a non-fossil
531:, vol. Regnum Vegetabile Volume 155, Koeltz Scientific Books,
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558:, vol. Regnum Vegetabile 154, A.R.G. Gantner Verlag KG,
105:, in consequence acquiring generally similar body shapes by
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Gee, C. T.; Sander, P. M.; Petzelberger, B. E. M. (2003).
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similarity. Well-known form taxa of this kind include "
65:, reflects uncertainty; the goal of science is to move "
125:". The latter were initially described as the earliest
238:"Form taxon" can more casually be used to describe a
27:
Classification of organisms based on their morphology
57:is the classification of organisms based on their
30:For the classification of pleiomorphic fungi, see
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310:
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189:wood fossils may have generic names ending in
69:" to biological taxa whose affinity is known.
8:
342:
340:
492:, Rugell, Liechtenstein: A. R. G. Gantner,
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520:
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113:— whether they are the precursors of the
242:: either a taxon that is not a natural (
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219:pollen fossils generic names ending in
76:A "parataxon" (not to be confused with
203:fruit fossils generic names ending in
158:, two terms were formerly used in the
195:leaf fossils generic names ending in
7:
411:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
32:Teleomorph, anamorph and holomorph
25:
395:, (series B), Vol. 209, pp. 1–73
472:10.1046/j.0031-0239.2003.00337.x
424:10.1080/02724634.1996.10011364
150:Paleobotany § Fossil-taxa
1:
276:Glossary of scientific naming
246:) group but united by shared
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597:Biological classification
319:Journal of Paleontology
602:Botanical nomenclature
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160:codes of nomenclature
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607:Morphology (biology)
527:Turland, N. (2013),
107:convergent evolution
463:2003Palgy..46.1133G
55:Form classification
622:Taxonomy (biology)
397:Article from JSTOR
115:Cambrian explosion
52:
565:978-3-87429-425-6
538:978-3-87429-433-1
240:wastebasket taxon
16:(Redirected from
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457:(6): 1133–1149.
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111:Ediacaran biota
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418:(4): 763–769.
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248:plesiomorphies
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148:Main article:
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244:monophyletic
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227:-pollenoides
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123:Graculavidae
99:polyphyletic
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78:parataxonomy
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612:Paleobotany
580:Article 1.2
514:Article 1.2
156:paleobotany
591:Categories
576:2016-03-19
510:2016-03-19
234:Casual use
138:Veterovata
131:Neornithes
103:generalist
89:In zoology
59:morphology
297:Footnotes
291:Taphonomy
286:Phenetics
144:In botany
121:and the "
67:form taxa
43:Vendozoan
18:Form taxa
377:88009670
270:See also
262:", and "
198:-phyllum
168:priority
119:seabirds
84:Examples
459:Bibcode
432:4523773
369:1216676
331:1304949
222:-pollis
215:-carpus
211:-carpum
206:-carpon
181:in the
47:Charnia
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535:
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367:
329:
191:-xylon
179:suffix
127:family
428:JSTOR
373:S2CID
365:JSTOR
349:Taxon
327:JSTOR
264:worms
256:ducks
560:ISBN
533:ISBN
494:ISBN
260:fish
258:", "
172:type
41:The
467:doi
420:doi
357:doi
266:".
225:or
213:or
154:In
129:of
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519:^
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363:.
353:12
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339:^
323:59
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305:^
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229:.
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20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
