71:. The Fur trade, along with hunting and trapping Elk, Bison and beaver, provided economic incentives for Indians to develop resources and economic wealth to ward off starvation. This opened up a new world that the French wanted to invest and control, therefore in 1679, a group of French elite smoked a calumet together with the Meskwaki's chief inaugurating what they both hoped would be a long and peace relationship. While this was happening, New France's allies based on geographic location were the Illinois, Ottawa,
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fort. Calling the
Meskwaki "dogs" while framing themselves as "masters," French-allied Indians, particularly the Illinois and Wyandot, besieged and slaughtered the Meskwaki; chasing its residents away from Detroit, killing thousands of souls, one hundred men and some nine hundred women and children were taken prisoner. This was known to be the most significant slave raid in North American colonial history.
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The French and their indigenous allies defeated a large group of
Meskwaki, grinding the violence to a halt. This resulted in the Meskwaki and their enemies gathering in the Saint Lawrence River valley to negotiate the peace treaty which was granted by the French signing the Fox Peace Treaty in 1716.
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to violently protest against the
Meskwaki relationship with the French. Because of the Meskwaki moving into Fort Detroit in 1711, French-allied Indians asserted their own vision to exclude the Meskwaki from any power regarding the French by actively attacking Meskwaki villages around the surrounding
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peoples. This put a damper in the French's goal of western civilization and power because prior to this new allegiance, French-allied
Indians had high-tensions with the Meskwaki by attacking their villages. Accordingly, The General Peace Conference of Montreal in 1701 happened; pledging that the
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The French decided to establish a new settlement at
Detroit during 1712 which grew the tension. Due to the fact that Cadillac wanted to use the fort so that he could operate as a middleman in the fur trade, New France and their indigenous allies were faced with the threat of having the Meskwaki
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become more equipped and armed. This meant that they would gain more strengthen within the regions fur trade compared to the New French
Nations, while the French wanted to enlarge and stabilize their western influence.
47:, who sought to prevent Meskwaki empowerment, and French support for their allies out of fear of becoming enemies themselves. The French reported that 500 Meskwaki were killed and 300 survivors were enslaved.
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and their indigenous allies. This massacre was driven by several factors, including a potential
Meskwaki alliance with the
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French wished for peace amongst the indigenous nations, particularly not excluding the
Meskwaki.
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People of the
Ecotone: Environment and Indigenous Power at the Center of Early America
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An
Illinois chief named Makoundeby led a large army up from the Illinois Valley to
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134:"Messages in a Map: French Depictions of the 1730 Meskwaki Fort"
39:, the opposition of neighboring indigenous peoples such as the
168:"The Fur Trade and Native American Population Growth"
216:"Slavery, the Fox Wars, and the Limits of Alliance"
132:Stelle, Lenville J.; Hargrave, Michael L. (2013).
67:claimed the area surrounding the present city of
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63:lands in Northeastern Wisconsin, while the
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16:Start of the Fox Wars against French
262:. University of Washington Press.
256:Morrissey, Robert Michael (2022).
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220:The William and Mary Quarterly
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302:Massacres of Native Americans
297:Massacres by Native Americans
88:Fort Pontchartrain du Detroit
23:marked the beginning of the
55:Between 1665 and 1670, the
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214:Rushforth, Brett (2006).
138:Historical Archaeology
166:Kay, Jeanne (1984).
110:Peace Treaty of 1716
59:settled west of the
21:Fox Indian Massacre
292:Massacres in 1712
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307:Sac and Fox
65:Sauk people
286:Categories
51:Background
33:New France
240:0043-5597
192:0014-1801
150:0440-9213
119:Resources
69:Green Bay
61:Menominee
57:Meskwaki
41:Illinois
31:against
29:Meskwaki
25:Fox Wars
103:Detroit
81:Wyandot
37:British
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73:Ojibwe
77:Miami
45:Odawa
264:ISBN
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