1798:
1082:
1771:
1322:
1256:
1365:
1607:
1300:
1147:
1125:
1343:
935:
913:
1011:
1673:
1629:
1278:
1867:
1651:
60:
31:
47:
1103:
1445:
989:
1386:
1732:
expression of deleterious recessive mutations in progeny that then exposes these mutations to selective elimination because of their deleterious affects on progeny. Outbreeding sexual reproduction allows females to choose male mating partners with smaller mutation loads that then also leads to a
167:: (Marine gastropods (Siphonarioidea, Sacoglossa, Amphiboloidea, Pyramidelloidea) are not depicted within Panpulmonata for simplification. Some of these highlighted families consist entirely of freshwater species, but some of them also contain, or even mainly consist of, marine species.)
2515:
Noël E, Fruitet E, Lelaurin D, Bonel N, Ségard A, Sarda V, Jarne P, David P. Sexual selection and inbreeding: Two efficient ways to limit the accumulation of deleterious mutations. Evol Lett. 2018 Dec 10;3(1):80-92. doi: 10.1002/evl3.93. PMID 30788144; PMCID:
86:. There are many different families. They are found throughout the world in various habitats, ranging from ephemeral pools to the largest lakes, and from small seeps and springs to major rivers. The great majority of freshwater gastropods have a
1797:
2389:
Jörger K. M., Stöger I., Kano Y., Fukuda H., Knebelsberger T. & Schrödl M. (2010). "On the origin of
Acochlidia and other enigmatic euthyneuran gastropods, with implications for the systematics of Heterobranchia".
963:
are a large group of gilled operculate snails, which are largely marine. In freshwater habitats there are ten major families of caenogastropods, as well as several other families of lesser importance:
2620:
Adema C. M., Bayne C. J., Bridger J. M., Knight M., Loker E. S., Yoshino T. P. & Zhang S.-M. (2012). "Will All
Scientists Working on Snails and the Diseases They Transmit Please Stand Up?".
1770:
150:
According to a 2008 review of the taxonomy, there are about 4,000 species of freshwater gastropods (3,795–3,972). As of 2023, there are 5182 known species of fossil freshwater gastropods.
1824:
Freshwater snails are commonly found in aquaria along with tropical fish. Species available vary in different parts of the world. In the United States, commonly available species include
134:
of gastropods have successfully colonized freshwater environments. It is not possible to quantify the exact number of these lineages yet, because they have yet to be clarified within the
2348:
2146:
Strong E. E., Colgan D. J., Healy J. M., Lydeard C., Ponder W. F. & Glaubrecht M. (2011). "Phylogeny of the gastropod superfamily
Cerithioidea using morphology and molecules".
158:
981:- medium to large snails, live-bearing, commonly referred to as "mystery snails". Worldwide except South America, and everywhere confined to fresh waters. About 125–150 species.
1558:
are pulmonate or air-breathing aquatic snails, characterized by having their eyes located at the base of their tentacles, rather than at the tips, as in the true land snails
2456:
Reid D. G., Aravind N. A., & Madhyastha N. A. (2013). "A unique radiation of marine littorinid snails in the freshwater streams of the
Western Ghats of India: the genus
1562:. The majority of basommatophorans have shells that are thin, translucent, and relatively colorless, and all five freshwater basommatophoran families lack an operculum.
2683:
Vermeij J. & Wesselingh F. P. (2002). "Neogastropod molluscs from the
Miocene of western Amazonia, with comments on marine to freshwater transitions in molluscs".
1081:
1321:
2488:
2462:
2148:
1364:
1299:
1255:
2659:
Haynes A. (2000). "The distribution of freshwater gastropods on four
Vanuatu islands: Espiritu Santo, Pentecost, Éfate and Tanna (South Pacific)".
1606:
1124:
905:- largely confined to the tropics, also the rivers of Europe, family includes the marine "nerites". There are about 110 extant freshwater species.
1733:
reduction of deleterious mutations in progeny. On the basis of their findings, Noel et al. concluded that both outbred and inbred populations of
912:
1587:- found worldwide, but are most numerous in temperate and northern regions. These are the dextral (right-handed) pond snails. About 100 species.
1342:
1712:
snail that can undergo either sexual reproduction or self-fertilization. Noel et al. experimentally tested whether accumulation of deleterious
1463:
2185:
1146:
975:- an exclusively freshwater family that is largely tropical and includes the large "apple snails" kept in aquaria. About 105–170 species.
2535:
XIII Simposio de
Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala, 1999 (Edited by J.P. Laporte, H. Escobedo, B. Arroyo and A.C. De Suasnávar)
934:
1052:- about 100 species in south Asia, diverse in African Lakes, and Sri Lanka. Formerly classified with the Pleuroceridae by some authors.
2601:
2366:
1010:
2650:
2527:
2486:
Schrödl M. & Neusser T. P. (2010). "Towards a phylogeny and evolution of
Acochlidia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia)".
1672:
2622:
1074:- high-spired parthenogenic snails of the tropics, includes those referred to as "trumpet snails" in aquaria. About 110 species.
2605:
1040:- family native to rivers draining to the Mediterranean, also Middle East, and some South Pacific islands. About 25–50 species.
2528:"Entre la política y economía: Resultados preliminares de las primeras temporadas del Proyecto Arqueológico Motul de San José"
1628:
1277:
2728:
1650:
2005:
1102:
1058:- abundant and diverse in eastern North America, largely high-spired snails of small to large size. About 150 species.
988:
2723:
1513:
161:(2005), modified after Jörger et al. (2010) and simplified with families that contain freshwater species marked in
1046:- 165–225 species. native to South and Central America. Formerly included with the Pleuroceridae by many authors.
123:
Freshwater snails are indirectly among the deadliest animals to humans, as they carry parasitic worms that cause
2697:
2677:
2392:
2114:
1242:- small amphibious snails scattered worldwide, most diverse in eastern and Southeast Asia. About 170 species.
2685:
1986:
1845:
1761:
1354:
704:
2661:
1952:
1519:
1507:
1467:
1333:
1158:
1136:
924:
889:
64:
2045:
1904:
1684:
1525:
1376:
1267:
1093:
596:
102:
need to reach the surface to breathe air. In addition, some are amphibious and have both gills and a
35:
2576:
1968:
1725:
1618:
1531:
1311:
1214:
1022:
946:
131:
2089:
1878:
Freshwater snails are widely known to be hosts in the lifecycles of a variety of human and animal
1803:
A Bengali dish of stir-fried freshwater snails with onion and garlic paste and other spices, from
1599:- left-handed (sinistral) "pouch snails", native to Europe, Asia, North America. About 80 species.
2340:
2033:
1454:
1068:
snails of northwestern North
America. Formerly included with the Pleuroceridae. About 50 species.
91:
2260:& Bouchet P. (2008). "Global Diversity of Gastropods (Gastropoda; Mollusca) in Freshwater".
2653:
Typology of molluscs of flowing water; biotypological organisations; socioecological groupings
2597:
2445:
Zoogeography of Fresh Waters, Vol. 1, General
Distribution and Dispersal of Freshwater Animals
2372:
2362:
2318:
2310:
2181:
2001:
1840:
1830:
1757:
1640:
1569:- small to medium-sized snails confined to temperate and cold South America. About 15 species.
1131:
1061:
1000:
651:
411:
355:
294:
279:
210:
51:
1224:- small to very small snails found worldwide. About 1250 freshwater species other are marine.
2693:
2669:
2630:
2496:
2470:
2400:
2336:
2300:
2270:
2156:
1542:
1419:
1289:
2025:
2017:
2009:
1559:
1390:
1233:
960:
498:
445:
431:
328:
240:
124:
87:
2538:
2344:
2257:
2021:
1946:
1934:
1910:
1866:
1825:
1700:
1662:
1555:
1462:
1431:
1349:
1227:
676:
583:
492:
225:
117:
59:
2717:
2500:
2474:
2262:
2160:
2029:
1893:
1777:
1746:
1502:
1495:
1481:
1426:
1371:
1306:
1245:
1239:
1209:
1178:
1109:
1055:
1043:
995:
972:
782:
770:
765:
681:
552:
541:
510:
504:
480:
405:
393:
360:
139:
108:
30:
17:
2013:
1974:
1958:
1922:
1284:
1203:
1191:
1173:
1114:
1088:
1037:
896:
881:
663:
474:
462:
450:
387:
382:
299:
252:
135:
46:
1444:
2634:
2353:
1963:
1940:
1898:
1888:
1871:
1835:
1808:
1781:
1721:
1679:
1613:
1590:
1578:
1408:
1395:
1328:
1262:
1221:
1197:
1185:
1049:
1017:
978:
885:
798:
737:
733:
721:
546:
526:
486:
468:
456:
399:
366:
113:
83:
40:
2703:
2274:
2176:. pages 251–259. In: Sturm C. F., Pearce T. A. & Valdés A. (eds.) (2006).
2050:
1991:
1883:
1879:
1717:
1635:
1584:
1566:
1537:
1487:
1449:
776:
727:
709:
629:
615:
601:
2404:
2376:
2314:
2060:
2055:
1753:
1153:
1071:
941:
919:
902:
417:
305:
154:
99:
76:
2673:
2322:
1182:
are freshwater living in streams and waterfalls. Other species are marine.
127:, a disease estimated to kill between 10,000 and 200,000 people annually.
90:, with very few exceptions. Some groups of snails that live in freshwater
2065:
1996:
1916:
1854:
1789:
1729:
1713:
1709:
1657:
1596:
1575:- small limpet-like snails confined to New Zealand. One or three species.
1572:
1413:
742:
715:
163:
1385:
1980:
1804:
1593:- "rams horn" snails, with a worldwide distribution. About 250 species.
79:
2305:
2288:
1886:(or "flukes"). Some of these relations for prosobranch snails include
1928:
1785:
130:
There are thousands of known species, and at least 33–38 independent
1490:- small low-spired snails referred to as "valve snails". 71 species.
2267:
2178:
The Mollusks: A Guide to Their Study, Collection, and Preservation
1956:. Basommatophoran snails are even more widely infected, with many
1865:
1812:
1461:
1443:
1384:
58:
45:
29:
1720:
populations of the snail (undergoing self-fertilization), or in
1200:- small snails, native to Eastern Hemisphere. About 130 species.
103:
95:
2289:"The fossil record of freshwater Gastropoda – a global review"
157:
is an overview of the main clades of gastropods based on the
2076:
This article incorporates CC-BY-2.5 text from the reference
1704:
is in the subclass Heterobranchia and the family Physidae.
1435:, native to Southeast Asia. Other Marginellidae are marine.
138:. From six to eight of these independent lineages occur in
1874:
species which have freshwater snails as intermediate hosts
1505:(including synonym Strubelliidae) - 5 shell-less species:
265:† Paleozoic Neritimorpha of uncertain systematic position
1471:
is one of very few freshwater gastropods without a shell.
1423:, native to Southeast Asia. Other Nassariidae are marine.
1745:
Several different freshwater snail species are eaten in
184:† Paleozoic molluscs of uncertain systematic position
2698:
10.1666/0022-3360(2002)076<0265:NMFTMO>2.0.CO;2
2349:
Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families
2008:" applies to all snail-borne infections, including
2460:W.T. Blanford, 1869 (Gastropoda: Littorinidae)".
2439:
2437:
2435:
2433:
1737:can efficiently eliminate deleterious mutations.
1248:- about 60 freshwater species, others are marine.
342:Caenogastropoda of uncertain systematic position
2567:
2565:
2563:
2561:
2559:
2431:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2413:
1540:- there is only one species which is shell-less
2361:(1–2). Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks: 1–397.
1194:- about 20 freshwater species, other are marine
2252:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2616:
2614:
2347:; Valdés, Ángel & Warén, Anders (2005). "
2212:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2134:
39:, a small freshwater gastropod in the family
8:
2088:Pflanzer, Lydia Ramsey (September 8, 2016).
2511:
2509:
2115:"The 24 deadliest animals on Earth, ranked"
197:† Basal taxa that are certainly Gastropoda
2180:. American Malacological Society, 445 pp.
1694:Sexual reproduction and self-fertilization
1064:- primarily eastern Asia, Japan, also the
2655:; Annls Limnol. Volume 17, Number 2, 1981
2489:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
2463:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
2304:
2149:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
2090:"These are the world's deadliest animals"
1764:(AD 250–900) included freshwater snails.
2571:Chandler A. C. & Read C P. (1961).
2080:
1766:
1602:
1411:- 8–10 freshwater species in the genus
1251:
1077:
984:
908:
2537:(in Spanish): 771–799. Archived from
2113:Learish, Jessica (October 15, 2016).
1978:and other parasitic groups. The tiny
112:). Most feed on algae, but many are
7:
1776:A dish of cooked freshwater snails,
1429:- 2 freshwater species in the genus
888:" gilled snails which have a shelly
1756:have revealed that the diet of the
758:
697:
669:
644:
622:
589:
438:
335:
258:
177:
170:
2706:Freshwater snails of North America
2343:; Frýda, Jiri; Hausdorf, Bernard;
2287:Neubauer, Thomas A. (2023-09-12).
25:
2592:. In: Ortega I. R. (ed.) (2006).
2174:Chapter 21. Freshwater Gastropoda
1752:Archaeological investigations in
68:, an air-breathing ramshorn snail
2623:PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
2501:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00544.x
2475:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2012.00875.x
2161:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2010.00670.x
1796:
1769:
1671:
1649:
1627:
1605:
1363:
1341:
1320:
1298:
1276:
1254:
1145:
1123:
1101:
1080:
1009:
987:
933:
911:
159:taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi
1:
899:- 5 extant freshwater species
2635:10.1371/journal.pntd.0001835
2573:Introduction to Parasitology
2256:Strong E. E., Gargominy O.,
2447:. AULA - Verlag, Weisbaden.
2006:neglected tropical diseases
2745:
2000:and the cerceriae causing
1844:, the high-spired thiarid
1728:. Inbreeding promotes the
1514:Acochlidium bayerfehlmanni
884:are a group of primitive "
2275:10.1007/s10750-007-9012-6
1551:Pulmonata, Basommatophora
1176:- 9 species in the genus
796:
763:
756:
702:
695:
674:
667:
649:
642:
627:
620:
594:
587:
539:
524:
443:
436:
380:
353:
340:
333:
292:
276:
263:
256:
238:
223:
208:
195:
182:
175:
2542:(PDF online publication)
2405:10.1186/1471-2148-10-323
2393:BMC Evolutionary Biology
2686:Journal of Paleontology
1987:Schistosoma haematobium
1966:) serving as hosts for
1846:Malaysian trumpet snail
1724:populations undergoing
1355:Lithoglyphus naticoides
2708:; 1982 - nepis.epa.gov
1953:Nanophyetus salmincola
1875:
1850:Melanoides tuberculata
1520:Acochlidium fijiiensis
1508:Acochlidium amboinense
1472:
1468:Acochlidium fijiiensis
1459:
1399:
1334:Sadleriana fluminensis
1159:Melanoides tuberculata
1137:Semisulcospira kurodai
69:
56:
43:
2662:Annales de Limnologie
2443:Banarescu P. (1990).
2172:Dillon R. T. (2006).
1994:) serve as hosts for
1984:snails are hosts for
1869:
1716:is avoided either by
1698:The freshwater snail
1465:
1447:
1388:
925:Theodoxus fluviatilis
679:with the only family
65:Planorbella trivolvis
62:
49:
33:
2729:Mollusc common names
2674:10.1051/limn/2000006
2590:Foodborne trematodes
2588:Adams A. M. (2006).
2526:Foias A. E. (2000).
2046:Terrestrial molluscs
1685:Planorbarius corneus
1526:Palliohedyle sutteri
1476:Lower Heterobranchia
1377:Oncomelania hupensis
1268:Bithynia tentaculata
1230:- about 100 species.
1206:- about 246 species.
1188:- about 200 species.
1094:Melanopsis praemorsa
597:Lower Heterobranchia
36:Bithynia tentaculata
18:Freshwater gastropod
2594:Foodborne parasites
2579:, New York. 822 pp.
2577:John Wiley and Sons
2341:Rocroi, Jean-Pierre
1990:. Lymnaeid snails (
1969:Schistosoma mansoni
1726:sexual reproduction
1619:Acroloxus lacustris
1581:- about 40 species.
1532:Strubellia paradoxa
1312:Helicostoa sinensis
1236:- about 55 species.
1215:Helicostoa sinensis
1212:- the only species
1023:Viviparus viviparus
947:Neritina natalensis
2293:Biological Reviews
2034:angiostrongyliasis
1876:
1870:Life cycle of two
1473:
1460:
1455:Valvata piscinalis
1400:
70:
57:
44:
2724:Freshwater snails
2337:Bouchet, Philippe
2306:10.1111/brv.13016
2186:978-1-58112-930-4
1841:Pomacea bridgesii
1831:Planorbella duryi
1641:Lymnaea stagnalis
1132:Semisulcospiridae
1062:Semisulcospiridae
1001:Pomacea bridgesii
967:Architaenioglossa
872:
871:
863:
862:
854:
853:
845:
844:
836:
835:
827:
826:
818:
817:
809:
808:
652:Euopisthobranchia
573:
572:
564:
563:
412:Semisulcospiridae
356:Architaenioglossa
317:
316:
295:Cycloneritimorpha
280:Cyrtoneritimorpha
211:Patellogastropoda
73:Freshwater snails
52:Pomacea insularum
16:(Redirected from
2736:
2638:
2618:
2609:
2586:
2580:
2569:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2549:
2543:
2532:
2523:
2517:
2513:
2504:
2484:
2478:
2454:
2448:
2441:
2408:
2387:
2381:
2380:
2333:
2327:
2326:
2308:
2284:
2278:
2254:
2189:
2170:
2164:
2144:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2125:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2100:
2094:Business Insider
2085:
1800:
1773:
1675:
1653:
1631:
1609:
1556:Basommatophorans
1543:Tantulum elegans
1367:
1345:
1324:
1302:
1290:Antrobia culveri
1280:
1258:
1149:
1127:
1105:
1084:
1013:
991:
937:
915:
759:
698:
670:
645:
623:
590:
439:
336:
259:
178:
171:
55:, an apple snail
27:Non-marine snail
21:
2744:
2743:
2739:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2734:
2733:
2714:
2713:
2647:
2645:Further reading
2642:
2641:
2619:
2612:
2587:
2583:
2570:
2557:
2547:
2545:
2541:
2530:
2525:
2524:
2520:
2514:
2507:
2485:
2481:
2455:
2451:
2442:
2411:
2388:
2384:
2369:
2345:Ponder, Winston
2335:
2334:
2330:
2286:
2285:
2281:
2255:
2192:
2171:
2167:
2145:
2132:
2123:
2121:
2112:
2111:
2107:
2098:
2096:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2074:
2042:
2026:opisthorchiasis
2018:fasciolopsiasis
2010:schistosomiasis
1882:, particularly
1864:
1826:ramshorn snails
1822:
1820:Aquarium snails
1815:
1801:
1792:
1774:
1743:
1696:
1689:
1676:
1667:
1654:
1645:
1632:
1623:
1610:
1560:Stylommatophora
1442:
1391:Anentome helena
1381:
1368:
1359:
1346:
1337:
1325:
1316:
1303:
1294:
1281:
1272:
1259:
1234:Moitessieriidae
1218:lives in China.
1168:Littorinimorpha
1163:
1150:
1141:
1128:
1119:
1106:
1097:
1085:
1027:
1014:
1005:
992:
961:Caenogastropoda
957:
955:Caenogastropoda
950:
938:
929:
916:
878:
873:
864:
855:
846:
837:
828:
819:
810:
574:
565:
499:Moitessieriidae
446:Littorinimorpha
432:Hypsogastropoda
329:Caenogastropoda
318:
241:Cocculiniformia
148:
125:schistosomiasis
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2742:
2740:
2732:
2731:
2726:
2716:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2701:
2692:(2): 265–270.
2681:
2668:(2): 101–111.
2657:
2646:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2610:
2581:
2555:
2518:
2505:
2479:
2449:
2409:
2382:
2367:
2328:
2299:(1): 177–199.
2279:
2268:hdl.handle.net
2266:595: 149–166.
2190:
2165:
2130:
2105:
2079:
2078:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2041:
2038:
2022:paragonimiasis
2002:swimmer's itch
1947:Juga plicifera
1935:Semisulcospira
1911:Parafossarulus
1892:in the family
1863:
1860:
1852:, and several
1821:
1818:
1817:
1816:
1802:
1795:
1793:
1775:
1768:
1762:Classic Period
1742:
1739:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1690:
1677:
1670:
1668:
1663:Physella acuta
1655:
1648:
1646:
1633:
1626:
1624:
1611:
1604:
1601:
1600:
1594:
1588:
1582:
1576:
1570:
1553:
1552:
1548:
1547:
1535:
1499:
1498:
1492:
1491:
1485:
1478:
1477:
1441:
1440:Heterobranchia
1438:
1437:
1436:
1432:Rivomarginella
1424:
1405:
1404:
1383:
1382:
1369:
1362:
1360:
1350:Lithoglyphidae
1347:
1340:
1338:
1326:
1319:
1317:
1304:
1297:
1295:
1282:
1275:
1273:
1260:
1253:
1250:
1249:
1243:
1237:
1231:
1228:Lithoglyphidae
1225:
1219:
1207:
1201:
1195:
1189:
1183:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1164:
1151:
1144:
1142:
1129:
1122:
1120:
1107:
1100:
1098:
1086:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1069:
1059:
1053:
1047:
1041:
1034:
1033:
1029:
1028:
1015:
1008:
1006:
993:
986:
983:
982:
976:
969:
968:
956:
953:
952:
951:
939:
932:
930:
917:
910:
907:
906:
900:
877:
874:
870:
869:
866:
865:
861:
860:
857:
856:
852:
851:
848:
847:
843:
842:
839:
838:
834:
833:
830:
829:
825:
824:
821:
820:
816:
815:
812:
811:
807:
806:
803:
802:
795:
792:
791:
788:
787:
762:
757:
755:
752:
751:
748:
747:
701:
696:
694:
691:
690:
687:
686:
677:Glacidorboidea
673:
668:
666:
660:
659:
656:
655:
648:
643:
641:
638:
637:
634:
633:
626:
621:
619:
611:
610:
607:
606:
593:
588:
586:
584:Heterobranchia
580:
579:
576:
575:
571:
570:
567:
566:
562:
561:
558:
557:
538:
535:
534:
531:
530:
523:
520:
519:
516:
515:
493:Lithoglyphidae
442:
437:
435:
427:
426:
423:
422:
379:
376:
375:
372:
371:
352:
349:
348:
345:
344:
339:
334:
332:
324:
323:
320:
319:
315:
314:
311:
310:
291:
288:
287:
284:
283:
275:
272:
271:
268:
267:
262:
257:
255:
249:
248:
245:
244:
237:
234:
233:
230:
229:
226:Vetigastropoda
222:
219:
218:
215:
214:
207:
204:
203:
200:
199:
194:
191:
190:
187:
186:
181:
176:
174:
169:
153:The following
147:
144:
118:filter feeders
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2741:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2709:
2707:
2702:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2682:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2664:
2663:
2658:
2656:
2654:
2649:
2648:
2644:
2636:
2632:
2629:(12): e1835.
2628:
2625:
2624:
2617:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2602:0-387-30068-6
2599:
2595:
2591:
2585:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2560:
2556:
2544:on 2009-03-18
2540:
2536:
2529:
2522:
2519:
2512:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2491:
2490:
2483:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2469:(1): 93–135.
2468:
2465:
2464:
2459:
2458:Cremnoconchus
2453:
2450:
2446:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2426:
2424:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2395:
2394:
2386:
2383:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2368:3-925919-72-4
2364:
2360:
2356:
2355:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2332:
2329:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2283:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2269:
2265:
2264:
2263:Hydrobiologia
2259:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2169:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2131:
2120:
2116:
2109:
2106:
2095:
2091:
2084:
2081:
2077:
2071:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2031:
2030:clonorchiasis
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1998:
1993:
1989:
1988:
1983:
1982:
1977:
1976:
1971:
1970:
1965:
1961:
1960:
1955:
1954:
1949:
1948:
1943:
1942:
1937:
1936:
1931:
1930:
1925:
1924:
1919:
1918:
1913:
1912:
1907:
1906:
1901:
1900:
1895:
1894:Pomatiopsidae
1891:
1890:
1885:
1881:
1873:
1868:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1856:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1842:
1837:
1833:
1832:
1827:
1819:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1799:
1794:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1772:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1750:
1748:
1747:Asian cuisine
1741:As human food
1740:
1738:
1736:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1702:
1693:
1687:
1686:
1681:
1674:
1669:
1665:
1664:
1659:
1652:
1647:
1643:
1642:
1637:
1630:
1625:
1621:
1620:
1615:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1550:
1549:
1545:
1544:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1533:
1528:
1527:
1522:
1521:
1516:
1515:
1510:
1509:
1504:
1503:Acochlidiidae
1501:
1500:
1497:
1496:Acochlidiacea
1494:
1493:
1489:
1486:
1484:- 20 species.
1483:
1482:Glacidorbidae
1480:
1479:
1475:
1474:
1470:
1469:
1464:
1457:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1439:
1434:
1433:
1428:
1427:Marginellidae
1425:
1422:
1421:
1416:
1415:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1403:Neogastropoda
1402:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1392:
1387:
1379:
1378:
1373:
1372:Pomatiopsidae
1366:
1361:
1357:
1356:
1351:
1344:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1330:
1323:
1318:
1314:
1313:
1308:
1307:Helicostoidae
1301:
1296:
1292:
1291:
1286:
1279:
1274:
1270:
1269:
1264:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1246:Stenothyridae
1244:
1241:
1240:Pomatiopsidae
1238:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1211:
1210:Helicostoidae
1208:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1179:Cremnoconchus
1175:
1172:
1171:
1167:
1166:
1161:
1160:
1155:
1148:
1143:
1139:
1138:
1133:
1126:
1121:
1117:
1116:
1111:
1110:Pleuroceridae
1104:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1090:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1056:Pleuroceridae
1054:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1044:Pachychilidae
1042:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1030:
1025:
1024:
1019:
1012:
1007:
1003:
1002:
997:
996:Ampullariidae
990:
985:
980:
977:
974:
973:Ampullariidae
971:
970:
966:
965:
964:
962:
954:
949:
948:
943:
936:
931:
927:
926:
921:
914:
909:
904:
901:
898:
895:
894:
893:
891:
887:
883:
875:
868:
867:
859:
858:
850:
849:
841:
840:
832:
831:
823:
822:
814:
813:
805:
804:
801:
800:
794:
793:
790:
789:
786:
785:
784:
783:Strubelliidae
779:
778:
773:
772:
771:Acochlidiidae
767:
766:Acochlidiacea
761:
760:
754:
753:
750:
749:
746:
745:
744:
739:
736:
735:
730:
729:
724:
723:
718:
717:
712:
711:
706:
700:
699:
693:
692:
689:
688:
685:
684:
683:
682:Glacidorbidae
678:
672:
671:
665:
662:
661:
658:
657:
654:
653:
647:
646:
640:
639:
636:
635:
632:
631:
625:
624:
617:
613:
612:
609:
608:
605:
604:
603:
598:
592:
591:
585:
582:
581:
578:
577:
569:
568:
560:
559:
556:
555:
554:
553:Marginellidae
549:
548:
543:
542:Neogastropoda
537:
536:
533:
532:
529:
528:
522:
521:
518:
517:
514:
513:
512:
511:Stenothyridae
507:
506:
505:Pomatiopsidae
501:
500:
495:
494:
489:
488:
483:
482:
481:Helicostoidae
477:
476:
471:
470:
465:
464:
459:
458:
453:
452:
447:
441:
440:
433:
429:
428:
425:
424:
421:
420:
419:
414:
413:
408:
407:
406:Pleuroceridae
402:
401:
396:
395:
394:Pachychilidae
390:
389:
384:
378:
377:
374:
373:
370:
369:
368:
363:
362:
361:Ampullariidae
357:
351:
350:
347:
346:
343:
338:
337:
330:
326:
325:
322:
321:
313:
312:
309:
308:
307:
302:
301:
296:
290:
289:
286:
285:
282:
281:
274:
273:
270:
269:
266:
261:
260:
254:
251:
250:
247:
246:
243:
242:
236:
235:
232:
231:
228:
227:
221:
220:
217:
216:
213:
212:
206:
205:
202:
201:
198:
193:
192:
189:
188:
185:
180:
179:
173:
172:
168:
166:
165:
160:
156:
151:
145:
143:
141:
140:North America
137:
133:
128:
126:
121:
119:
116:and some are
115:
111:
110:
109:Ampullariidae
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
82:that live in
81:
78:
74:
67:
66:
61:
54:
53:
48:
42:
38:
37:
32:
19:
2705:
2704:J.B. Burch,
2689:
2684:
2665:
2660:
2652:
2651:J. Mouthon,
2626:
2621:
2593:
2589:
2584:
2572:
2546:. Retrieved
2539:the original
2534:
2521:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2466:
2461:
2457:
2452:
2444:
2396:
2391:
2385:
2358:
2352:
2331:
2296:
2292:
2282:
2261:
2258:Ponder W. F.
2177:
2173:
2168:
2155:(1): 43–89.
2152:
2147:
2122:. Retrieved
2118:
2108:
2097:. Retrieved
2093:
2083:
2075:
2014:fascioliasis
2004:. The term "
1995:
1985:
1979:
1975:Fasciolopsis
1973:
1967:
1959:Biomphalaria
1957:
1951:
1945:
1939:
1933:
1927:
1923:Opisthorchis
1921:
1920:as hosts of
1915:
1909:
1903:
1897:
1896:as hosts of
1887:
1877:
1862:Parasitology
1853:
1849:
1839:
1836:apple snails
1829:
1823:
1778:ampullariids
1751:
1744:
1734:
1710:self-fertile
1705:
1699:
1697:
1683:
1661:
1639:
1617:
1554:
1541:
1530:
1524:
1518:
1512:
1506:
1466:
1453:
1430:
1418:
1412:
1389:
1375:
1353:
1332:
1310:
1288:
1285:Cochliopidae
1266:
1213:
1204:Cochliopidae
1192:Assimineidae
1177:
1174:Littorinidae
1157:
1135:
1115:Io fluvialis
1113:
1092:
1089:Melanopsidae
1065:
1038:Melanopsidae
1032:Sorbeoconcha
1021:
999:
958:
945:
923:
922:, shells of
897:Neritiliidae
882:Neritimorpha
879:
876:Neritimorpha
797:
781:
775:
769:
764:
741:
732:
726:
720:
714:
708:
703:
680:
675:
664:Panpulmonata
650:
628:
600:
595:
551:
545:
540:
525:
509:
503:
497:
491:
485:
479:
475:Cochliopidae
473:
467:
463:Assimineidae
461:
455:
451:Littorinidae
449:
444:
416:
410:
404:
398:
392:
388:Melanopsidae
386:
383:Sorbeoconcha
381:
365:
359:
354:
341:
304:
300:Neritiliidae
298:
293:
277:
264:
253:Neritimorpha
239:
224:
209:
196:
183:
162:
152:
149:
136:Cerithioidea
129:
122:
114:detritivores
107:
100:other groups
72:
71:
63:
50:
34:
2553:, page 777.
2495:: 124–154.
2354:Malacologia
1964:Planorbidae
1941:Paragonimus
1899:Schistosoma
1889:Oncomelania
1872:liver fluke
1809:West Bengal
1722:outbreeding
1701:Physa acuta
1680:Planorbidae
1614:Acroloxidae
1591:Planorbidae
1579:Acroloxidae
1409:Nassariidae
1396:Nassariidae
1329:Hydrobiidae
1263:Bithyniidae
1222:Hydrobiidae
1198:Bithyniidae
1186:Amnicolidae
1050:Paludomidae
1018:Viviparidae
979:Viviparidae
886:prosobranch
799:Eupulmonata
734:Planorbidae
722:Acroloxidae
547:Nassariidae
527:Ptenoglossa
487:Hydrobiidae
469:Bithyniidae
457:Amnicolidae
400:Paludomidae
367:Viviparidae
84:fresh water
41:Bithyniidae
2718:Categories
2548:2009-03-01
2516:PMC6369961
2124:2024-08-09
2099:2024-08-09
2072:References
2051:Land snail
1992:Lymnaeidae
1884:trematodes
1782:viviparids
1730:homozygous
1718:inbreeding
1636:Lymnaeidae
1585:Lymnaeidae
1567:Chilinidae
1538:Tantulidae
1488:Valvatidae
1450:Valvatidae
777:Tantulidae
728:Lymnaeidae
710:Chilinidae
705:Hygrophila
630:Nudipleura
616:Euthyneura
602:Valvatidae
98:, whereas
2377:0076-2997
2315:1464-7931
2061:Sea snail
2056:Land slug
1950:may host
1938:may host
1880:parasites
1858:species.
1754:Guatemala
1714:mutations
1394:, family
1154:Thiaridae
1072:Thiaridae
942:Neritidae
920:Neritidae
903:Neritidae
890:operculum
418:Thiaridae
306:Neritidae
155:cladogram
77:gastropod
2606:page 178
2323:37698140
2066:Sea slug
2040:See also
1997:Fasciola
1917:Amnicola
1905:Bithynia
1855:Neritina
1838:such as
1828:such as
1790:Cambodia
1735:P. acuta
1706:P. acuta
1658:Physidae
1597:Physidae
1573:Latiidae
1414:Anentome
743:Physidae
716:Latiidae
164:boldface
146:Taxonomy
132:lineages
80:mollusks
2399:: 323.
1981:Bulinus
1805:Kolkata
1760:of the
1678:Family
1656:Family
1634:Family
1612:Family
1448:Family
1370:Family
1348:Family
1327:Family
1315:shells.
1305:Family
1283:Family
1261:Family
1152:Family
1130:Family
1108:Family
1087:Family
1016:Family
994:Family
940:Family
918:Family
618:
434:
331:
92:respire
2600:
2375:
2365:
2321:
2313:
2184:
2032:, and
1929:Thiara
1902:, and
1786:Poipet
614:
430:
327:
106:(e.g.
94:using
2531:(PDF)
1813:India
1784:from
1708:is a
96:gills
88:shell
2598:ISBN
2373:ISSN
2363:ISBN
2319:PMID
2311:ISSN
2182:ISBN
2119:CNET
1932:and
1914:and
1780:and
1758:Maya
1529:and
1420:Clea
1417:and
1066:Juga
959:The
880:The
780:and
740:and
550:and
508:and
415:and
364:and
303:and
104:lung
75:are
2694:doi
2678:PDF
2670:doi
2631:doi
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