300:(IIRSA) plan. A new project named Garabí XXI was launched in 2003. This envisioned a dam at Garabí with an elevation of 74 metres (243 ft) and a dam at Santa María with an elevation of 94 metres (308 ft). Both would have an installed capacity of 900 MW and a reservoir of about 20,000 hectares (49,000 acres). The area flooded in Argentina would be reduced from 40,000 to 15,000 hectares (99,000 to 37,000 acres). In April 2004, the Argentine company IMPSA proposed a plan where the Garabí elevation was reduced to 82.5 metres (271 ft), the Roncador dam was cancelled and two new dams were built, San Javier at 110 metres (360 ft) with installed capacity of 900 MW and Santa Rosa at 130 metres (430 ft). All three dams would have installed capacity of 900 MW. Under this plan the area flooded would be about 73,000 hectares (180,000 acres).
244:
were that they would support development of the local and regional economies, would help make the two countries independent of external energy suppliers by using a renewable resource, and would avoid using hard currency resources. In 1973 an agreement was made between Agua y Energía Eléctrica (AyE) of
Argentina and ELETROBRAS of Brazil to study the potential of the middle section of the Uruguay and its tributary the Pepirí-Guazú. A hydroelectric complex with dams at San Pedro, Garabí and Roncador-Panambí was considered most suitable, and the results of initial technical and economic studies were presented in 1977. The governments signed a treaty in 1980 covering guidelines for construction and energy production. The basic design of the Garabí Hydroelectric Project was delivered in 1986, and in 1988 was jointly agreed as a project between the two countries.
333:(IBAMA) approved the terms of reference for rescuing the fauna. The survey was to start in April 2014. On 7 April 2014 the Eletrobras director of generation told the mayors of the region in which the Garabi and Panambí hydroelectric plants were being studied that the dams would be built only if they improved the lives of the local people. He said that, as with all Eletrobras hydroelectric projects, the towns that participated would see improvements in quality of life and infrastructure. Start of work would depend on approval by the governments of the two countries following feasibility and environmental impact studies, and would then be completed within five years.
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joint international company to supervise construction, operation and maintenance of the Garabí Binational
Hydroelectric Complex. In mid-2013 Eletrobras held a public meeting sponsored by the Council for Economic and Social Development to discuss the proposed Garabi and Panambí hydroelectric plants. Over 500 attendees included farmers, fishermen, politicians and others from both countries. Eletrobras presented engineering and environmental studies, but emphasized that no decision to proceed had been taken, and community approval would be key. This emphasis on dialog may be to avoid problems like those experienced with the
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51:
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reservoir elevation of 164 metres (538 ft) and installed capacity of 2,800 MW. It would flood the
Uruguay River valley in the region of the Moconá/Yucuma Falls, and part of the Turvo State Park. The prospect of losing the falls and a protected area of rich biodiversity caused renewed opposition by environmental and social movements. The project was halted in 1991 due to changes in the energy sectors in Argentina and Brazil.
341:, which holds regionally threatened flora and fauna, some at risk of extinction. IBAMA's terms of reference for licensing did not conform to the park's legislation and was not approved by the state secretariat of the environment (SEMA). The Garabi plant was not affected by the ruling. In April 2015 the regional federal tribunal upheld the suspension, since IBAMA's Environmental Impact Study would have been "flagrantly illegal".
58:
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The Garabi-Panambi
Hydroelectric Complex on the Uruguay River has been projected to generate 2,200 MW of electric power, which Argentina and Brazil would share equally. The estimated cost of the project is US$ 5.2 billion. About 12,500 people would be employed on the project, of whom 70% would
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On 7 December 2007 a protocol to the treaty was signed to create a joint technical commission, and on 22 January 2008 the presidents signed a joint declaration that confirmed their decision to implement the Garabí Hydroelectric
Project. In November 2009 the presidents signed an agreement to form a
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Transnational projects on the
Uruguay River have a long history. In a convention between Argentina and Brazil signed on 14 March 1972 three sites were selected: Roncador, or Panambí, with 2,700 MW, Garabi with 1,800 MW and San Pedro with 1,700 MW. Arguments in favor of the projects
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Brazil and
Argentina signed an agreement in 2005 for two possible dams, the Garabí Dam with 1,150 MW and the Panambí Dam with 1,050 MW. Eletrobras and EBISA were to undertake the project, expected to be completed by 2013, although it had met some local opposition. In November 2007 the
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agreed to prioritize construction of the Garabí binational dam. Next day the planning ministers of Brazil and
Argentina endorsed the presidents' agreements on exchange of energy. The governments of Corrientes and Rio Grande do Sul wanted to implement the Garabí Binational Project as quickly as
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plant, which will have five times greater capacity. A biologist argued that the nature of the river would be transformed from a fast-moving river with rapids to standing water, affecting the ability of fish to reproduce. Eletrobras has guaranteed that the Yucumã Falls, the largest longitudinal
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The 1988 plan envisioned a Garabí reservoir elevation of 94 metres (308 ft), installed capacity of 1,800 MW and annual production of 6,000GWh. The dam would flood about 81,000 hectares (200,000 acres), with roughly the same area flooded in each country. The
Roncador dam would have a
336:
At the request of the
Federal Public Ministry, in January 2015 a federal judge granted a preliminary injunction to stop the environmental licensing process for the Panambi plant. The main issue was that the reservoir would flood 60 hectares (150 acres) of the
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on the Uruguay River. Planning for the Garabí Hydroelectric Project was restarted in 1996 but was handicapped by economic crises in both countries and growing resistance by civil society movements due to the environmental and social impact.
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between Argentina and Brazil. There is controversy over the environmental impact on the fast-flowing river. The prime contractors are trying to avoid public image problems and delays such as those with other recent dams.
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would be preserved, but there was fear that 10% would be flooded by the Panambi reservoir. Electrobras has stated that flooding in Turvo could only occur during flood periods.
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The reservoirs will displace 7,500 people in Brazil and over 5,100 people in Argentina. Environmentalists are opposed to the project, citing the massive floods of the
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226:. The projections of flooded areas are only a quarter of those made in the 1970s and 1980s, but the combined reservoirs would cover more than that of the
50:
564:
633:
732:
553:
Caubet, Christian G. (1995-01-01), "Grands Barrages Internationaux: Aspects du Droit de la Cooperation dans le Bassin de la Plata",
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37:
31:
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581:"Ambientalistas cerram fileiras contrárias aos novos aproveitamentos hidrelétricos do Rio Uruguai"
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in Brazil. The exact location would depend on the results of geological studies of the sites.
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In 1994 completed or under construction hydroelectric projects in the region included the
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600:"Justiça paralisa processo de licenciamento ambiental da Usina hidrelétrica de Panambi"
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650:"Eletrobras proactive in engaging public about Garabi, Panambi hydroelectric plants"
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of Brazil and Emprendimientos Energéticos Binacionales (Ebisa) of Argentina. The
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Initiative for the Integration of the Regional Infrastructure of South America
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536:"Brasil y Argentina acordaron priorizar la concreción de la represa Garabí"
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156:) is a planned pair of hydroelectric dams and generating stations on the
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500:
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706:(in Portuguese), Tribunal Regional Federal da 4a Região, 4 May 2015
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Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources
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Argentina y Brasil ratifican acuerdos por Garabí – Mo Mirandu
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Talks restarted in 2002, and the project was included in the
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687:
O Gerenciamento dos Recursos Hidricos e o Mercado de Anguas
703:
TRF4 mantém suspenso licenciamento de Hidrelétrica Panambi
690:(in Spanish), IICA Biblioteca Venezuela, GGKEY:WA8Y13EBZP0
656:, Santa Rosa, Brazil: PennWell Corporation, 10 August 2013
65:
Location of Garabí-Panambi Hydroelectric Complex in Brazil
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Brasil y Argentina acordaron priorizar la concreción ..
622:(in Spanish), M'Biguá, Ciudadanía y Justicia Ambiental
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Eletrobras proactive in engaging public about Garabi..
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be local workers. The project is a joint venture of
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89:
81:
73:
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518:"Argentina y Brasil ratifican acuerdos por Garabí"
638:(in Portuguese), Eletrobras CGTEE, 7 April 2014
635:Eletrobras apresenta Garabi-Panambi a prefeitos
362:Eletrobras apresenta Garabi-Panambi a prefeitos
36:December 2011 meeting with Argentine president
8:
501:TRF4 mantém suspenso licenciamento ... 2015
279:and the Roncador/Panambí Dam, Garabí Dam,
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21:
452:
429:Complejo Hidroeléctrico Garabi – M'Biguá
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556:Barrages internationaux et coopération
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154:Complexo Hidrelétrico Garabi-Panambi
146:Garabí-Panambi Hydroelectric Complex
77:Complexo Hidrelétrico Garabi-Panambi
25:Garabí-Panambi Hydroelectric Complex
16:Garabi-Panambi Hydroelectric Complex
14:
598:Cigana, Caio (27 January 2015),
559:(in French), KARTHALA Editions,
308:and his Argentinian counterpart
231:waterfall in the world, and the
190:provinces of Argentina, and the
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49:
619:Complejo Hidroeléctrico Garabi
579:Cigana, Caio (29 March 2014),
542:(in Spanish), 21 November 2007
524:(in Spanish), 20 November 2007
310:Cristina Fernández de Kirchner
38:Cristina Fernández de Kirchner
1:
673:, Enerdata, GGKEY:XK288JCZUJF
684:Millar, Agustin A. (1994),
182:dams would be built in the
749:
606:(in Portuguese), Grupo RBS
587:(in Portuguese), Grupo RBS
214:after construction of the
733:Dams in Rio Grande do Sul
326:and Belo Monte projects.
306:Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
44:
29:
304:Brazilian head of state
670:Brazilian Energy Report
111:28.227032°S 55.716181°W
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116:-28.227032; -55.716181
329:In February 2014 the
265:Porto Primavera Dam
107: /
292:Later alternatives
198:municipalities of
728:Dams in Argentina
667:Enerdata (2011),
566:978-2-86537-587-5
253:Ilha Solteira Dam
200:Rio Grande do Sul
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85:Argentina, Brazil
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339:Turvo State Park
317:Current proposal
285:Salto Grande Dam
233:Turvo State Park
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261:Três Irmãos Dam
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212:Madeira River
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74:Official name
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277:Paraná River
273:Yacyretá Dam
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145:
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441:Millar 1994
404:Caubet 1995
392:Cigana 2014
377:Cigana 2015
324:Teles Pires
114: /
90:Coordinates
722:Categories
710:2016-11-12
694:2016-11-15
677:2016-11-15
660:2016-11-11
654:Hydroworld
642:2016-11-11
626:2016-11-18
610:2016-11-12
591:2016-11-11
572:2016-11-15
546:2016-11-14
528:2016-11-14
522:Mo Mirandu
313:possible.
269:Itaipu Dam
228:Belo Monte
184:Corrientes
172:Eletrobras
150:Portuguese
102:55°42′58″W
99:28°13′37″S
604:Zero Hora
585:Zero Hora
257:Jupiá Dam
206:Criticism
192:Garruchos
224:Rondônia
222:dams in
188:Misiones
510:Sources
275:on the
196:Alecrim
180:Panambí
165:Concept
138:Planned
127:Purpose
82:Country
563:
176:Garabí
135:Status
345:Notes
216:Jirau
561:ISBN
283:and
271:and
218:and
194:and
186:and
178:and
144:The
19:Dam
724::
652:,
602:,
583:,
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411:^
384:^
369:^
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267:,
263:,
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148:(
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