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through improved understanding of geohazards, their preconditions, causes and implications. In other cases, particularly in montane regions, natural processes can cause catalytic events of a complex nature, such as an avalanche hitting a lake and causing a debris flow, with consequences potentially hundreds of miles away, or creating a lahar by volcanism.
161:
Sometimes the hazard is instigated by the careless location of developments or construction in which the conditions were not taken into account. Human activities, such as drilling through overpressured zones, could result in significant risk, and as such mitigation and prevention are paramount,
391:
who are educated and trained in interpretation of landforms and earth process, earth-structure interaction, and in geologic hazard mitigation. The engineering geologist provides recommendations and designs to mitigate for geologic hazards. Trained hazard mitigation planners also assist local
866:
Tomás, Roberto; Pagán, JosĂ© Ignacio; Navarro, JosĂ© A.; Cano, Miguel; Pastor, JosĂ© Luis; Riquelme, Adrián; Cuevas-González, MarĂa; Crosetto, Michele; Barra, Anna; Monserrat, Oriol; Lopez-Sanchez, Juan M.; RamĂłn, Alfredo; Ivorra, Salvador; Del
Soldato, Matteo; Solari, Lorenzo (January 2019).
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in particular constitute a fast-growing sector of research as they involve seismic, tectonic, volcanic processes now occurring at higher frequency, and often resulting in coastal sub-marine avalanches or devastating
149:
are geological and environmental conditions and involve long-term or short-term geological processes. Geohazards can be relatively small features, but they can also attain huge dimensions (e.g., submarine or surface
790:
Solheim, A.; et al. "2005. Ormen Lange – An integrated study for the safe development of a deep-water gas field within the
Storegga Slide complex, NE Atlantic continental margin; executive summary".
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communities to identify strategies for mitigating the effects of such hazards and developing plans to implement these measures. Mitigation can include a variety of measures:
176:
Such impacts on vulnerable coastal populations, coastal infrastructures, offshore exploration platforms, obviously call for a higher level of preparedness and mitigation.
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Geologic hazards may be avoided by relocation. Publicly available databases, via searchable platforms, can help people evaluate hazards in locations of interest.
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869:"Semi-Automatic Identification and Pre-Screening of Geological–Geotechnical Deformational Processes Using Persistent Scatterer Interferometry Datasets"
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Mapping geohazards using conventional or remote sensing techniques can also help identify suitable areas for urban development.
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de Lange, G.; Sakellariou, D.; Briand, F. (2011). "Marine
Geohazards in the Mediterranean: an overview".
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Planning measures include regulations prohibiting development near hazard-prone areas and adoption of
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285:(settlement of the ground in areas underlain by loose saturated sand/silt during an earthquake event)
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ground settlement due to consolidation of compressible soils or due to collapseable soils (
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Nadim (2006). "Challenges to geo-scientists in risk assessment for sub-marine slides".
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250:(avalanche-like muddy flow of soft/wet soil and sediment materials, narrow landslides)
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condition capable of causing widespread damage or loss of property and life. These
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events. The timing of six out of eleven known provinces coincide with periods of
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or rock itself may be improved by means such as dynamic compaction, injection of
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843:"Are environmental hazards threatening your home? This website will show you"
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154:) and affect local and regional socio-economics to a large extent (e.g.,
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P.B. Wignall (2001). "Large igneous provinces and mass extinctions".
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on Earth. Large igneous provinces have been connected to five
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episodes occurred in the past 250 million years, resulting in
18:
279:, rapid floods or heavy current creeks with irregular course)
678:
173:
in some of the most densely populated areas of the world
16:
Geological state that may lead to widespread damage or risk
931:"Flood Basalt Volcanism During the Past 250 Million Years"
244:(displacement of earth materials on a slope or hillside)
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1128:
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720:"Marine geohazards exposed: Uncertainties involved"
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
225:(chasms) associated with cambering of valley sides
531:emissions can force an important effect on the
1060:
441:Shorelines and streams are protected against
8:
1040:Global Natural Catastrophe and Hazard Review
387:Geologic hazards are typically evaluated by
527:/dysoxia. Thus, suggesting that volcanic CO
211:(espec. in Mediterranean areas) leading to
202:and earthquake-triggered phenomena such as
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1218:
1092:
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1035:International Centre for Geohazards (ICG)
902:
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109:Learn how and when to remove this message
555:2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami
671:
585:
406:can be improved by the construction of
471:Additional mitigation methods include
725:Marine Georesources and Geotechnology
7:
718:Cardenas, I.C.; et al. (2022).
47:adding citations to reliable sources
679:International Centre for Geohazards
410:, which may use techniques such as
308:Gradual or slow phenomena include:
660:Physical impacts of climate change
595:EisstoĂź Feb.2006 Vienna, Austria (
565:2011 TĹŤhoku earthquake and tsunami
549:List of largest volcanic eruptions
14:
841:Toussaint, Kristin (2021-09-29).
1022:
620:
604:
588:
23:
807:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2004.10.001
34:needs additional citations for
929:; Richard B. Stothers (1988).
1:
1006:10.1016/S0012-8252(00)00037-4
739:10.1080/1064119X.2022.2078252
466:mechanically stabilized earth
196:(snow or rock) and its runout
1429:Potentially hazardous object
955:10.1126/science.241.4866.663
794:Marine and Petroleum Geology
773:Norwegian Journal of Geology
483:systems, and other measures.
233:glacial lake outburst floods
1511:
642:
542:
430:. Larger projects may use
404:stability of sloping earth
189:Sudden phenomena include:
699:CIESM Workshop Monographs
574:Garibaldi Provincial Park
383:Evaluation and mitigation
505:large volcanic provinces
632:1964 Niigata earthquake
582:a natural landslide dam
560:2008 Sichuan earthquake
329:development (volcanoes)
231:(EisstoĂź) on rivers or
684:March 2, 2008, at the
655:Earthquake engineering
389:engineering geologists
130:
986:Earth-Science Reviews
370:shoreline and stream
315:(e.g. at the exit of
124:
1031:at Wikimedia Commons
545:Lists of earthquakes
180:Speed of development
43:improve this article
998:2001ESRv...53....1W
947:1988Sci...241..663R
885:2019RemS...11.1675T
611:Glacier just above
434:and other forms of
58:"Geological hazard"
1485:Physical geography
1480:Geological hazards
1080:list by death toll
1029:Geological hazards
927:Michael R. Rampino
894:10.3390/rs11141675
828:2010-04-30 at the
445:and erosion using
289:volcanic eruptions
218:geomagnetic storms
131:
125:Huge landslide at
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1444:Geomagnetic storm
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1154:Soil liquefaction
1076:Natural disasters
1027:Media related to
941:(4866): 663–668.
628:Soil liquefaction
464:or concrete, and
254:pyroclastic flows
166:Marine geohazards
119:
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1376:Tropical cyclone
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539:Known hazards
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99:December 2009
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63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
1434:Impact event
1422:Astronomical
1356:Thunderstorm
1351:Bomb cyclone
1215:Hydrological
1184:Volcanic ash
1149:Seismic risk
1097:Mass wasting
1087:
989:
985:
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904:2158/1162779
879:(14): 1675.
876:
872:
861:
850:. Retrieved
847:Fast Company
846:
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815:
801:(1–2): 1–9.
798:
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723:
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698:
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674:
572:(located in
501:flood basalt
498:
428:soil anchors
412:slurry walls
386:
341:
321:side valleys
307:
283:liquefaction
277:flash floods
271:debris flows
209:forest fires
188:
175:
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134:
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96:
86:
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72:
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41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1449:Solar flare
1335:Megadrought
1295:Temperature
1268:Megatsunami
1247:Storm surge
1242:Flash flood
1120:Debris flow
630:during the
613:Grindelwald
570:The Barrier
523:and marine
507:, creating
263:rock slides
200:earthquakes
127:La Conchita
1474:Categories
1130:Earthquake
1088:Geological
852:2022-06-13
666:References
643:See also:
597:Donauinsel
543:See also:
447:revetments
424:soil nails
416:shear pins
352:subsidence
344:compaction
275:torrents (
194:avalanches
69:newspapers
1495:Disasters
1459:Hypernova
1454:Supernova
1402:Firestorm
1317:Heat wave
1312:Ice storm
1307:Cold wave
1110:Avalanche
1105:Landslide
913:2072-4292
758:249161443
367:migration
365:sand dune
360:sinkholes
342:see also
297:ash falls
259:rockfalls
242:landslide
152:landslide
139:geohazard
1409:ARkStorm
1397:Wildfire
1302:Blizzard
1202:Sinkhole
971:33327812
963:17839077
826:Archived
682:Archived
639:See also
580:Usoi Dam
481:subdrain
420:tiebacks
336:deposits
248:mudflows
235:below a
229:ice jams
204:tsunamis
171:tsunamis
156:tsunamis
143:geologic
1392:Derecho
1366:Tornado
1327:Drought
1263:Tsunami
1115:Mudflow
994:Bibcode
943:Bibcode
935:Science
881:Bibcode
705:: 7–26.
477:tunnels
432:gabions
372:erosion
350:ground
327:caldera
317:canyons
237:glacier
147:hazards
83:scholar
969:
961:
911:
756:
525:anoxia
451:riprap
333:geyser
293:lahars
269:) and
129:, 1995
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1385:Other
1256:Other
1223:Flood
1177:Lahar
967:S2CID
754:S2CID
462:grout
443:scour
223:gulls
90:JSTOR
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