179:
19:
510:
270:
809:
171:
262:
502:
655:
3646:
1015:
resulting from rainfall onto heavy snow accumulations in southwestern and south central New Mexico on
December 18–19, 1978; flooding after heavy rainfall from the remnants of Hurricane Doly between July 26–28, 2008; and widespread flooding from an unusually wet monsoon season in the summer of 2006. The state is occasionally impacted by remnants of East Pacific
908:
In 1863, silver was found in
Magdalena, west of Socorro, followed by a large find in Grant County. Silver City, White Oaks, Ute Creek, Cerrillos, Elizabethtown, Twining, Chloride, Hondo Canyon, Red River Canyon and Socorro were soon discovered to also have silver. Rising costs and depleted ore bodies
1550:
Holland, Mark E.; Grambling, Tyler A.; Karlstrom, Karl E.; Jones, James V.; Nagotko, Kimberly N.; Daniel, Christopher G. (September 2020). "Geochronologic and Hf-isotope framework of
Proterozoic rocks from central New Mexico, USA: Formation of the Mazatzal crustal province in an extended continental
904:
south of Santa Fe. New deposits, along with the reopened
Spanish mine in Silver City prompted a boom in copper mining in the late 19th century. Placer gold mining expanded into the Sangre de Cristo Mountains and along the Rio Grande, while lead mining got underway in Las Cruces. Coal was discovered
912:
Mining is still a cornerstone of the New Mexico economy, although it has largely shifted to open-pit extraction. Coal is mined in the northwest and copper, silver, gold, manganese, zinc and lead are extracted near Silver City. Molybdenum is an important resource in the Sangre de Cristo mountains,
1014:
Flooding is one of the more common geologic hazards in New Mexico. Historically significant flooding events included extensive river flooding accompanied by local flash floods in
September 1941; river flooding across the northeastern High Plains region between June 14–17, 1965; severe flooding
1026:
in Utah. One estimate puts the probability of a large earthquake in the southern Rio Grande Rift in the next century at 5%. However, faults are concentrated along the Rio Grande Rift, with its urban centers, and while only 20 faults in the state are considered active, the consequences of an
917:. Uranium is still mined close to Grants, although production has dropped after a high point between the 1950s and the 1970s. Gypsum, limestone, potash and salt are mined out of Pennsylvanian and Permian rocks in the east. Mining accounted for 3,763 jobs by 2018.
1493:"Revised regional correlations and tectonic implications of Paleoproterozoic and Mesoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks in northern New Mexico, USA: New findings from detrital zircon studies of the Hondo Group, Vadito Group, and Marqueñas Formation"
347:. A second set of slightly younger island arcs accreted to the continented shortly after, around 1650 to 1600 Mya, during the Mazatzal orogeny. The Mazatzal beds now underlie most of southern New Mexico and the Mazatzal orogeny is recorded in the
1397:
Damiel, Christopher G.; Andronicos, Christopher L.; Aronoff, Ruth F. (2016). "Regional Al2SiO5 triple-point metamorphic rocks of northern New Mexico; A field trip to honor the career contributions od
Lincoln Hollister to petrology and tectonics".
489:(about 1200 Mya). Thereafter the region experienced steady erosion, which in some cases brought rock near the surface that had been buried as deep as 10 kilometers (6.2 mi). This beveled much of New Mexico almost completely flat, forming a
1027:
earthquake could be serious. The large number of faults increases the likelihood of an earthquake even though rupture of any one fault is infrequent. The largest earthquakes in historic times were two magnitude 5.8 earthquakes in 1906 near
2413:
Mack, Greg H. (2004). "Middle and late
Cenozoic crustal extension, sedimentation, and volcanism in the southern Rio Grande rift, Basin and Range, and southern transition zone of southwestern New Mexico". In Mack, G.H.; Giles, K.A. (eds.).
1636:
Karlstrom, Karl E.; Amato, Jeffrey M.; Williams, Michael L.; Heizler, Matt; Shaw, Colin A.; Read, Adam S.; Bauer, Paul (2004). "Proterozoic tectonic evolution of the New Mexico region: A synthesis". In Mack, G.H.; Giles, K.A. (eds.).
3682:
126:
is an important geologic resource for farmers and municipal areas. In 2019, oil and gas production yielded $ 3.1 billion in oil and gas taxes and revenues for the state. Mining has historically also been important.
338:
to the continental margin, forming a band of new continental crust stretching from
Arizona to Newfoundland and from the Wyoming-Colorado border to central New Mexico. These events are recorded in the rocks of the
2322:
McMillan, Nancy J. (2004). "Magmatic record of
Laramide subduction and the transition to Tertiary extension: Upper Cretaceous through Eocene igneous rocks of New Mexico". In Mack, G.H.; Giles, K.A. (eds.).
3675:
186:
New Mexico is entirely landbound, with just 0.2% of the state covered with water, and most of the state has an arid to semiarid climate. Much of the state is mountainous, except for the easternmost
1048:
3668:
236:, passing from north to south through the center of the state, cutting across the southern Rocky Mountains and the Basin and Range provinces, and roughly coinciding with the valley of the
99:
were another interval of relative tectonic quiescence, where gradual subsidence deposited formations that preserve an impressive stratigraphic record across the state. This ended with the
368:
as well as block faulting and tilting in the more recent geologic past. For the most part, these rocks are exposed along the Rio Grande rift in the center of New Mexico, except in the
2984:
861:, beginning about 30 Mya, and the development of Basin and Range geology across the southern part of the state. The development of the Rio Grande rift is recorded in the rocks of the
630:
across much of New Mexico, making this the most extensive
Paleozoic formation exposed in the state. The subsequent retreat of the sea resulted in deposition of large deposits of
1757:
Mack, Greg H. (2004). "The late Cambro-Ordovician Bliss and lower Ordovician El Paso Formations, southwestern New Mexico and west Texas". In Mack, G.H.; Giles, K.A. (eds.).
2562:
936:
of oil in 2019, yielding $ 3.1 billion in oil and gas taxes and revenues for the state. Mining has historically been important, but accounted for just 3,763 jobs by 2018.
2512:
Heiken, G; Goff, F; Gardner, J N; Baldridge, W S; Hulen, J B; Nielson, D L; Vaniman, D (May 1990). "The Valles/Toledo Caldera Complex, Jemez Volcanic Field, New Mexico".
1972:
Geological evolution of the Colorado Plateau of eastern Utah and western Colorado, including the San Juan River, Natural Bridges, Canyonlands, Arches, and the Book Cliffs
2373:
Copnnel, Sean (2004). "Geology of the Albuquerque Basin and tectonic development of the Rio Grande rift in north-central New Mexico". In Mack, G.H.; Giles, K.A. (eds.).
83:. This event transformed the New Mexico crust into mature continental crust. Over a thousand million years of tectonic quiescence followed, ending with the rise of the
2348:
Smith, Gary A. (2004). "Middle to late Cenozoic development of the Rio Grande rift and t adjacent regions in northern New Mexico". In Mack, G.H.; Giles, K.A. (eds.).
469:
batholith. Following the Picuris orogeny, northern New Mexico was again tectonically quiet, while southern New Mexico experience some deformation associated with the
4047:
2957:
1782:
Armstrong, Augustus K.; Mamet, Bernard L.; Repetski, John E. (2004). "Mississippian System of New Mexico and adjacent areas". In Mack, G.H.; Giles, K.A. (eds.).
905:
near gold and copper mines and potentially recoverable gold deposits grew more numerous as prospectors traced placer gold back to the veins where it originated.
3065:
103:, beginning around 70 Mya, which elevated most of the mountain ranges of modern New Mexico and was accompanied by violent volcanic activity. The opening of the
1807:
Lucas, Spencer G.; Harris, Susan K.; Spielmann, Justin A.; Berman, David S.; Henrici, Amy C.; Heckert, Andrew B.; Zeigler, Kate E.; Rinehart, Larry F. (2005).
357:
rocks crop out across approximately five percent of New Mexico and underlie the entire state. The rocks now exposed at the surface were uplifted during the
4003:
3082:
816:
The Laramide Orogeny changed the topography of New Mexico into one of high uplifts and deep basins. The basins began to fill with sediments during the
2274:
Cather, Steven M. (2004). "Laramide Orogeny in Central and Northern New Mexico and Southern Colorado". In Mack, Greg H.; Giles, Katherine A. (eds.).
2140:
Nummedal, Dag (2004). "Tectonikc and eustatic controls on upper Cretaceous stratigraphy of northern New Mexico". In Mack, G.H.; Giles, K.A. (eds.).
423:
3993:
2599:
1427:
Barker, Fred; Friedman, Irving (1974). "PRECAMBRIAN METAVOLCANIC ROCKS OF THE TUSAS MOUNTAINS, NEW MEXICO: MAJOR ELEMENTS AND OXYGEN ISOTOPES".
765:
The increasing weight of the Sonoma mountains to the west drove subsidence of its foreland basin, which included most of New Mexico. During the
210:
Provinces in the southwestern part of the state. The presence of these four physiographic provinces gives the state great geological diversity.
857:
The rise of hot asthenosphere below New Mexico reversed the compression of the crust and put it into tension, resulting in the opening of the
1929:
4013:
3284:
3168:
2952:
2911:
1373:"Structural evolution and timing of deformation along the Proterozoic Spring Creek shear zone of the northern Tusas Mountains, New Mexico"
1695:
Carlson, Marvin P (May 1999). "Transcontinental Arch — a pattern formed by rejuvenation of local features across central North America".
1286:
Kluth, C.; Schaftenaar, C. (1994). "Depth and geometry of the northern Rio Grande rift in the San Luis basin, south-central Colorado.".
627:
579:
was deposited in the basin shelves, while areas receiving debris eroded off the highlands formed clastic sedimentary formations such as
1880:
Kues, B.S.; Giles, K.A. (2004). "The late Paleozoic Ancestral Rocky Mountain system in New Mexico". In Mack, G.H.; Giles, K.A. (eds.).
909:
have led to widespread abandonment and ghost towns throughout the state, which remain comparatively well-preserved in the dry climate.
1170:
2246:"Stratigraphy, sediment dispersal and paleogeography of the Lower Eocene San Jose Formation, San Juan Basin, New Mexico and Colorado"
2183:
Seager, William (2004). "Laramide (late Cretaceous-Eocene) tectonics of southwestern New Mexico". In Mack, G.H.; Giles, K.A. (eds.).
701:, when the climate become somewhat cooler and wetter, and a substantial river system developed through New Mexico that deposited the
2423:
2382:
2357:
2332:
2221:
2192:
2149:
1979:
1954:
1889:
1791:
1766:
1646:
1620:
1411:
1320:
1295:
1213:"Geology and mineral resources in the Hopewell and Bromide No. 2 districts, northern Tusas Mountains, Rio Arriba County, New Mexico"
1195:
663:
1526:"History and timing of polyphase Proterozoic deformation in the Manzano thrust belt, central New Mexico [master's thesis]"
3975:
3077:
3016:
840:
411:
facies. Geologists debate the extent of different terranes—sections of continental crust—that joined. Metavolcanic rocks in the
3751:
3021:
178:
18:
4042:
3465:
3457:
3055:
3036:
2622:
3506:
1730:
McMillan, Nancy J.; McLemore, Virginia T. (2004). "Cambrian-Ordovician magmatism and extension in New Mexico and Colorado".
1074:
896:
Under Spanish rule turquoise and lead were mined near Cerillos and copper was found at Santa Rita in the southwest in 1798.
3936:
3591:
3576:
3546:
3471:
3301:
3226:
1809:"Early Permian vertebrate assemblage and its biostratigraphic significance, Arroy del Agua, Rio Arriba County, New Mexico"
925:
844:
3691:
3581:
3521:
3108:
1612:
Making the case for the Picuris orogeny: Evidence for a 1500 to 1400 Ma orogenic event in the southwestern United States
540:. Later in the Cambrian, the sea began to advance northeast across New Mexico, beginning in the boot heel of the state (
2083:(Cope) from the Upper Triassic (Apachean) Whitaker quarry, New Mexico, with detailed analysis of a single quarry block"
697:. The Moenkopi represents deposition in a coastal plain by rivers running to the west. This pattern continued into the
3967:
3861:
3631:
3621:
3601:
3596:
3586:
3556:
3004:
1663:
1610:
1311:
Chapin, C.; Cather, S. (1994). "Tectonic setting of the axial basins of the northern and central Rio Grande rift.".
3611:
3541:
3531:
3526:
3501:
3261:
3143:
3072:
2714:
Bryan, Kirk (1938). "Geology and ground-water conditions of the Rio Grande depression in Colorado and New Mexico".
584:
518:
404:
2683:"Overview of the Hydrogeology and Geohydrology of the Northern Rio Grande Basin - Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas"
1808:
4021:
3983:
3901:
3866:
3606:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3266:
3148:
3026:
568:
84:
1945:
Lucas, Spencer G. (2004). "The Triassic and Jurassic systems in New Mexico". In Mack, G.H.; Giles, K.A. (eds.).
1238:
3941:
3846:
3806:
3626:
3566:
3516:
3496:
3437:
2994:
2904:
2826:
2648:
2245:
2044:
1844:
1372:
1212:
862:
207:
199:
58:
50:
1664:"Biostratigraphy and Carbonate Facies of the Mississippian Arroyo Penasco Formation, North-Central New Mexico"
2440:
2087:
New Mexico Museum of Natural History & Science, A Division of the Department of Cultural Affairs Bulletin
3906:
3896:
3891:
3871:
3616:
3571:
3561:
3551:
3511:
3427:
3342:
3297:
3274:
3133:
2860:
1019:
that carry considerable moisture, and such storm remnants contributed to both the 1941 and the 2008 floods.
872:
began to develop around 15 Mya, and volcanic activity subsequently spread southwest and northeast along the
770:
557:
195:
88:
38:
2682:
3998:
3821:
3736:
3536:
3407:
3382:
3372:
3347:
3317:
3292:
3153:
3138:
3103:
3060:
1432:
964:
948:
536:
were intruded in the early Cambrian along north–south faults, which may indicate incipient rifting of the
486:
3851:
3726:
3447:
3392:
3387:
3377:
3123:
2999:
2944:
751:
694:
533:
525:
509:
457:
deformed and metamorphosed much of the crust of New Mexico. This event is recorded in the rock of the
3946:
3911:
3816:
3791:
3660:
3422:
3397:
3367:
3332:
3322:
3009:
2934:
2521:
2486:
1704:
1560:
1345:
848:
706:
537:
478:
248:
on the east. It has been the focus of significant scientific research on continental rift processes.
1437:
1031:, likely associated with the Socorro magma body, a shallow horizontal magma intrusion in the crust.
3931:
3881:
3836:
3826:
3811:
3801:
3786:
3766:
3741:
3731:
3721:
3432:
3417:
3412:
3312:
3221:
3113:
3043:
3031:
2962:
2897:
2716:
The Rio Grande Joint Investigation in the upper Rio Grande basin in Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas
2045:"Review of Upper Triassic stratigraphy and biostratigraphy in the Chama Basin, northern New Mexico"
1028:
960:
852:
808:
514:
482:
474:
388:
373:
335:
269:
391:. All of the rocks more than 1.65 billion years old show evidence of metamorphism ranging between
3951:
3926:
3831:
3771:
3746:
3716:
3706:
3357:
3352:
3337:
3327:
3256:
3201:
3181:
2290:
1739:
1576:
1261:
914:
825:
821:
755:
690:
580:
400:
2078:
170:
1845:"Stratigraphy and correlation of the Permo-Carboniferous Cutler Group, Chama Basin, New Mexico"
607:. The Cutler Group contain important fossil quarries that shed light on the early evolution of
3886:
3841:
3781:
3756:
3711:
3650:
3402:
3362:
3307:
3211:
3191:
2419:
2416:
The geology of New Mexico. A geologic history: New Mexico Geological Society Special Volume 11
2398:
Baldridge, W.; Olsen, K.; Callender, J. (1984). "Rio Grande Rift: Problems and Perspectives".
2378:
2375:
The geology of New Mexico. A geologic history: New Mexico Geological Society Special Volume 11
2353:
2350:
The geology of New Mexico. A geologic history: New Mexico Geological Society Special Volume 11
2328:
2325:
The geology of New Mexico. A geologic history: New Mexico Geological Society Special Volume 11
2217:
2214:
The geology of New Mexico. A geologic history: New Mexico Geological Society Special Volume 11
2188:
2185:
The geology of New Mexico. A geologic history: New Mexico Geological Society Special Volume 11
2145:
2142:
The geology of New Mexico. A geologic history: New Mexico Geological Society Special Volume 11
1975:
1950:
1947:
The geology of New Mexico. A geologic history: New Mexico Geological Society Special Volume 11
1925:
1885:
1882:
The geology of New Mexico. A geologic history: New Mexico Geological Society Special Volume 11
1787:
1762:
1759:
The geology of New Mexico. A geologic history: New Mexico Geological Society Special Volume 11
1642:
1639:
The geology of New Mexico. A geologic history: New Mexico Geological Society Special Volume 11
1616:
1407:
1316:
1291:
1191:
1188:
The geology of New Mexico. A geologic history: New Mexico Geological Society Special Volume 11
1166:
1008:
956:
747:
735:
639:
623:
470:
301:
261:
229:
159:
595:, marking the transition from marine to continental sedimentation. The latter is recorded by
3961:
3916:
3796:
3761:
3442:
3251:
3216:
3196:
3186:
3048:
2972:
2827:"A preliminary assessment of the seismic hazard of the southern Rio Grande Rift, New Mexico"
2529:
2494:
1840:
1712:
1568:
1504:
1468:
1353:
1253:
1141:
897:
793:
778:
774:
643:
592:
365:
241:
237:
203:
100:
69:
54:
678:, giving New Mexico an exquisitely hot and dry climate through much of the early Mesozoic.
501:
3988:
3921:
3876:
3776:
3246:
3236:
2291:"Eocene tectonics and depositional setting of west-central New Mexico and eastern Arizona"
1016:
952:
901:
873:
869:
858:
782:
686:
671:
654:
553:
454:
412:
331:
323:
300:
dating. This indicates that the material making up the island arcs was extracted from the
289:
221:
116:
112:
104:
80:
65:
2799:
2533:
2525:
2490:
1708:
1564:
1349:
453:
The region was tectonically quiescent until around 1400 Mya, when the poorly understood
330:, the ancient core of North America, around 1700 million years ago, an event called the
3241:
3206:
3176:
1917:
971:
are now among the most productive groundwater reservoirs in the western United States.
924:
in the northwest has active oil and gas production, along with the small extent of the
921:
885:
877:
829:
789:
759:
731:
682:
667:
619:
369:
285:
213:
Rocks exposed in the southern Rocky Mountains are as old as nearly 1800 million years (
1716:
4036:
2209:
1743:
1580:
1265:
1239:"Cosmogenic -Cl-determined age of the Carrizozo lava flows, south-central New Mexico"
1023:
933:
836:
698:
600:
541:
458:
348:
293:
1572:
1103:
2077:
Rinehart, L.F.; Lucas, S.G.; Heckert, A.B.; Spielmann, J.A.; Celesky, M.D. (2009).
1000:
739:
702:
612:
604:
587:. Towards the end of the Pennsylvanian, fluctuations in sea level caused by global
576:
571:
broke the ancient peneplain into basins separated by uplifts. Fossiliferous marine
466:
416:
340:
309:
273:
187:
151:
79:). This was followed by 200 million years of tectonic quiescence that ended in the
46:
1491:
Jones, James V. III; Daniel, Christopher G.; Frei, Dirk; Thrane, Kristine (2011).
383:
and 30 percent supracrustal formed between 1.765 and 1.4 billion years ago in the
2769:
2043:
Lucas, Spencer G.; Zeigler, Kate E.; Heckert, Andrew B.; Hunt, Adrian P. (2005).
1078:
198:. These are the Great Plains, which makes up the eastern third of the state; the
1525:
1336:
Keller, G. R. (1986). "Introduction to Special Section on the Rio Grande Rift".
1134:"Landforms of the conterminous United States: a digital shaded-relief portrayal"
984:
944:
888:. Small mountain glaciers formed in the Brazos and Sangre de Cristo Mountains.
881:
781:. Advances and retreats of the coastline are recorded in formations such as the
711:
675:
396:
392:
384:
354:
344:
305:
281:
280:
The crust underlying the state formed between 1.7 and 1.8 billion years ago as
135:
3231:
3158:
3128:
3118:
3087:
2989:
2979:
2967:
2924:
2920:
1022:
Earthquake hazards are moderate in New Mexico compared with California or the
996:
929:
766:
313:
147:
76:
29:
2475:"Tectonics of the Jemez Lineament in the Jemez Mountains and Rio Grande Rift"
979:
Geologic hazards are infrequent in New Mexico, but potential dangers include
928:
in the southeast. Oil and gas production in the state totalled 1,820,963,878
292:
in northern New Mexico. These are described as juvenile crust, because their
130:
Geologic hazards are infrequent in New Mexico, but potential dangers include
2859:
Sanford, Allan R.; Lin, Kuo-wan; Tsai, I-ching; Jaksha, Lawrence H. (2002).
2744:
2498:
1357:
843:, which deposited significant ash falls across much of New Mexico. The vast
720:
608:
572:
529:
490:
462:
435:
431:
408:
358:
327:
214:
42:
2210:"Laramide orogeny in central and northern New Mexico and southern Colorado"
1257:
465:
intruded into the crust throughout the western United States, such as the
992:
940:
884:, exploding and then collapsing into its magma chamber and emplacing the
797:
727:
622:, formed in southeastern New Mexico and Texas, surrounded by the massive
549:
545:
443:
362:
225:
143:
123:
108:
96:
738:. This was followed by flooding of northern New Mexico by an arm of the
674:
orogenies pushed up mountains to the west of New Mexico that produced a
1509:
1492:
1473:
1456:
988:
980:
968:
943:
is an important geologic resource for farmers and municipal areas. The
734:, spread across northern New Mexico and deposited the sandstone of the
626:
barrier reef. A brief rise in sea level deposited the limestone of the
596:
588:
564:
439:
427:
380:
217:), while some volcanic flows in the state are geologically very young.
191:
139:
131:
122:
Most of New Mexico has a semiarid to arid climate, and ground water in
92:
72:
34:
2889:
2649:"Groundwater Resources of Union County, New Mexico: A Progress Report"
880:(or Jemez Caldera) formed in the Jemez Mountains 1.25 Mya ago in the
817:
743:
716:
635:
631:
415:
may be among the oldest, which are intruded by 1.65 billion year old
316:
304:
only shortly before the island arcs formed. These rocks are mostly
245:
233:
64:
The geologic history of the state began with its assembly during the
2474:
939:
Because of New Mexico's typically semiarid climate, ground water in
244:
in the west has pulled away from the interior of the North American
2861:"Earthquake catalogs for New Mexico and bordering areas: 1869–1998"
2623:"New Mexico State Revenues From Oil And Gas Set New Record In 2019"
1146:
1133:
1004:
835:
As the Farallon plate disintegrated and sank into the mantle, hot
807:
653:
508:
500:
268:
260:
177:
169:
155:
17:
1784:
The geology of New Mexico. A geologic history (Special Volume 11)
447:
297:
3664:
2893:
2647:
Zeigler, K.E.; Podzemny, B.; Yuhas, A.; Blumenberg, V. (2019).
1922:
When Life Nearly Died: The greatest mass extinction of all time
1671:
Memoirs of the New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources
762:
east of the coastal mountains thrown up by the Sevier orogeny.
2400:
New Mexico Geological Society Guidebook, 35th field conference
1974:. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press. pp. 141–217.
524:
New Mexico at the start of the Paleozoic was dominated by the
788:
Towards the end of the Cretaceous, shallow subduction of the
1457:"Tectonic model for the Proterozoic growth of North America"
685:
is recorded nowhere in the rock beds of New Mexico, but the
2868:
New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Circular
2295:
New Mexico Bureau of Mines & Mineral Resources Circular
2163:
2161:
1732:
New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Bulletin
556:. The sea did not submerge the Transcontinental Arch until
61:
Provinces meet, giving the state great geologic diversity.
1138:
U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series
900:
for placer gold took place after an 1821 discovery in the
709:
of the Chinle Group preserved large numbers of fossils of
426:
polymettalic sulfides, rich in gold, silver and tungsten,
376:. The total relief of Precambrian rocks is 11 kilometers.
796:, which uplifted the Rocky Mountains and lasted into the
2448:
New Mexico Geological Society Field Conference Guidebook
1003:(such as landslides); mine hazards; oil field hazards;
730:
was again a time of arid climate. A great dune sea, or
154:(such as landslides); mine hazards; oil field hazards;
2718:. U.S. National Resources Committee. pp. 197–225.
2178:
2176:
1371:
Davis, Peter; Williams, Mike; Karlstrom, Karl (2011).
1098:
1096:
296:
are close to the crystallization ages determined from
2834:
New Mexico Geological Society Field Conference Series
2656:
New Mexico Geological Society Field Conference Series
2253:
New Mexico Geological Society Field Conference Series
2052:
New Mexico Geological Society Field Conference Series
1816:
New Mexico Geological Society Field Conference Series
1429:
New Mexico Geological Society Field Conference Series
1380:
New Mexico Geological Society Field Conference Series
1220:
New Mexico Geological Society Field Conference Series
1049:"How Wet is Your State? The Water Area of Each State"
839:
rock rose to take its place. This helped trigger the
2804:
New Mexico Bureau of Geology & Mineral Resources
1400:
The Geological Society of America Field Guide Series
41:, with ages ranging from almost 1800 million years (
4012:
3974:
3960:
3699:
3456:
3283:
3167:
3096:
2943:
1852:
New Mexico Geologic Society Field Conference Series
611:. Continental sedimentation began in the north and
220:An important geologic feature of New Mexico is the
2278:. New Mexico Geological Society. pp. 203–248.
1875:
1873:
1598:. Geological Society of America. pp. 228–230.
1486:
1484:
1190:. New Mexico Geological Society. pp. 95–136.
1127:
1125:
947:potential of the Santa Fe Group was recognized by
265:Map of Precambrian bedrock exposures in New Mexico
107:commenced around 30 Mya, and was followed by late
2776:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
2749:New Mexico Burea of Geology and Mineral Resources
2739:
2737:
1786:. New Mexico Geological Society. pp. 77–93.
847:was active during this time, as were the smaller
544:) and sedimentary beds were deposited during the
2441:"The Santa Fe group of north-central New Mexico"
2317:
2315:
991:or other contamination of ground water or soil;
750:. The Jurassic ended with the deposition of the
563:By the late Paleozoic, in the Pennsylvanian and
419:, but display more than one metamorphic fabric.
142:or other contamination of ground water or soil;
2793:
2791:
2557:
2555:
1313:Geological Society of America Special Paper 291
1288:Geological Society of America Special Paper 291
773:, which deposited shore formations such as the
2728:
1615:. Geological Society of America. p. 205.
1455:Whitmeyer, Steven; Karlstrom, Karl E. (2007).
3676:
2905:
2514:Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences
2276:The Geology of New Mexico: A Geologic History
1609:Daniel, Christoper G. and co-authors (2013).
1077:. New Mexico State University. Archived from
742:, leading to deposition of the limestone and
252:Stratigraphy, tectonics, and geologic history
8:
1110:. New Mexico Economic Development Department
658:Map of Mesozoic exposures in New Mexico, USA
532:to northern New Mexico. Small quantities of
202:in the north-central part of the state; the
182:Map of physiographic provinces of New Mexico
206:in the northwestern part of the state; and
3683:
3669:
3661:
2912:
2898:
2890:
1132:Thelin, Gail P.; Pike, Richard J. (1991).
1508:
1472:
1450:
1448:
1436:
1145:
951:in 1938, and the Alamosa subbasin of the
2115:
2103:
2030:
2006:
505:Map of Paleozoic exposures in New Mexico
351:of the Manzano and Los Pinos mountains.
2586:
2546:
2167:
1904:
1040:
804:Cenozoic (66 million years ago-present)
288:, the Gold Hill complex, and the Pecos
284:. This is recorded in the rocks of the
2602:. New Mexico Oil Conservation Division
1186:Mack, G.H.; Giles, K.A., eds. (2004).
276:, an uplifted Mesoproterozoic batholic
194:exposures, which are assigned to four
45:) to nearly the present day. Here the
4048:Geology of the United States by state
2681:Hawley, John; Kernodle, Mike (1999).
2212:. In Mack, G.H.; Giles, K.A. (eds.).
2127:
2018:
1994:
1165:. Mountain Press Publishing Company.
820:, recorded in formations such as the
497:Paleozoic (541-251 million years ago)
190:region. The state thus has extensive
7:
2289:Cather, S.M.; Johnson, B.D. (1984).
1104:"New Mexico Climate & Geography"
618:At the same time, a deep basin, the
591:produced cyclic formations like the
322:The island arcs were carried into a
2534:10.1146/annurev.ea.18.050190.000331
769:, the region was submerged by the
650:Mesozoic (251-66 million years ago)
2621:Mundahl, Erin (January 17, 2020).
812:Bandelier Tuff in San Diego Canyon
777:and marine formations such as the
14:
1530:Earth and Planetary Sciences Etds
1055:. United States Geological Survey
1053:Water Basics Information by Topic
758:, the latter deposited in a vast
664:Permian-Triassic extinction event
3644:
2600:"Natural Gas And Oil Production"
841:Mid-Tertiary ignimbrite flare-up
407:in the vicinity of Taos reached
75:1750 to 1650 million years ago (
2567:New Mexico Workforce Connection
2479:Journal of Geophysical Research
1924:. London: Thames & Hudson.
1573:10.1016/j.precamres.2020.105820
1338:Journal of Geophysical Research
932:of natural gas and 331,460,749
513:Pennsylvanian limestone of the
3466:List of counties in New Mexico
1662:Armstrong, Augustus K (1967).
1211:McLemore, Virginia T. (2011).
1163:Roadside geology of New Mexico
552:, beginning with the Cambrian
1:
2563:"Mining (except oil and gas)"
1717:10.1016/S0040-1951(99)00005-0
1237:Dunbar, Neila W. (May 1999).
845:Mogollon-Datil volcanic field
174:Basins of the Rio Grande Rift
3692:Geology of the United States
2825:Salyards, Steven L. (1991).
715:, one of the earliest known
662:The Mesozoic began with the
224:. This extends from central
22:A view of the Nambe Badlands
2800:"Earthquakes in New Mexico"
2798:Jochems, Andy; Love, Dave.
2690:WRRI Conference Proceedings
2473:Aldrich Jr., M. J. (1986).
1596:Precambrian: Coterminous US
689:is recorded in beds of the
240:. The rift marks where the
4064:
3262:Sangre de Cristo Mountains
2729:Hawley & Kernodle 1999
2439:Baldwin, Brewster (1956).
2208:Cather, Steven M. (2004).
1594:Reed; et al. (1993).
1007:accumulation in homes; or
955:, the central part of the
585:Sangre de Cristo Formation
528:, an elevated region from
519:Sangre de Cristo Mountains
473:. This is recorded in the
158:accumulation in homes; or
3640:
2931:
1970:Fillmore, Robert (2010).
569:Ancestral Rocky Mountains
481:(about 1250 Mya) and the
422:Precambrian rocks formed
399:grade on the sequence of
379:The rocks are 70 percent
85:Ancestral Rocky Mountains
3994:Northern Mariana Islands
2958:Census-designated places
2774:National Weather Service
2770:"Flooding in New Mexico"
2244:Smith, Larry N. (1992).
1843:; Krainer, Karl (2005).
892:Natural resource geology
308:thought to be formed by
200:southern Rocky Mountains
51:southern Rocky Mountains
3275:Southwestern New Mexico
2499:10.1029/JB091iB02p01753
1358:10.1029/JB091iB06p06142
1161:Chronic, Halka (1987).
1075:"CLIMATE OF NEW MEXICO"
771:Western Interior Seaway
646:in the Delaware Basin.
599:formations such as the
196:physiographic provinces
39:physiographic provinces
813:
695:Anton Chico Formations
659:
521:
506:
277:
266:
183:
175:
115:, particularly in the
23:
4043:Geology of New Mexico
3694:by political division
3651:New Mexico portal
2079:"The paleobiology of
1258:10.58799/NMG-v21n2.25
995:or other subsidence;
811:
657:
526:Transcontinental Arch
512:
504:
479:Tumbledown Formations
272:
264:
181:
173:
146:or other subsidence;
21:
2418:. pp. 389–406.
2377:. pp. 359–388.
2352:. pp. 331–358.
2327:. pp. 203–248.
2216:. pp. 203–248.
2187:. pp. 249–270.
2144:. pp. 169–182.
1949:. pp. 137–152.
1553:Precambrian Research
1524:Luther, Amy (2006).
870:Jemez volcanic field
849:Latir volcanic field
707:Rock Point Formation
628:San Andres Formation
538:New Mexico aulacogen
487:Los Animas Formation
326:along the margin of
117:Jemez volcanic field
111:volcanism along the
4004:U.S. Virgin Islands
3222:Northern New Mexico
3083:Tourist attractions
2526:1990AREPS..18...27H
2491:1986JGR....91.1753A
2130:, pp. 143–147.
2118:, pp. 203–218.
2106:, pp. 201–203.
2033:, pp. 160–176.
2021:, pp. 138–142.
2009:, pp. 142–158.
1884:. pp. 95–136.
1761:. pp. 95–136.
1709:1999Tectp.305..225C
1641:. pp. 95–136.
1565:2020PreR..34705820H
1350:1986JGR....91.6142K
959:, and the southern
853:Ortiz porphyry belt
756:Morrison Formations
515:La Pasada Formation
430:, copper veins and
389:uranium-lead dating
374:Big Burro Mountains
91:time, 300 Mya. The
3257:Shortgrass prairie
3202:Eastern New Mexico
3182:Central New Mexico
3066:Pueblos and Tribes
2745:"Geologic Hazards"
1510:10.1130/GES00614.1
1474:10.1130/GES00055.1
1290:. pp. 27–37.
1246:New Mexico Geology
1009:volcanic eruptions
826:Galisteo Formation
822:San Jose Formation
814:
660:
581:Flechado Formation
567:, the rise of the
522:
507:
401:metamorphic facies
278:
267:
184:
176:
160:volcanic eruptions
37:exposures of four
24:
4030:
4029:
3658:
3657:
3302:Metropolitan Area
3212:Manzano Mountains
3192:Chihuahuan Desert
2806:. New Mexico Tech
2485:(B2): 1753–1762.
2081:Coelophysis bauri
1931:978-0-500-28573-2
1841:Lucas, Spencer G.
957:Albuquerque Basin
748:Todilto Formation
736:Entrada Formation
644:Salado Formations
471:Grenville orogeny
461:and in extensive
403:. An area in the
4055:
4014:Outlying islands
3968:Washington, D.C.
3962:Federal district
3685:
3678:
3671:
3662:
3649:
3648:
3647:
3252:Sandia Mountains
3217:Mogollon Plateau
3197:Colorado Plateau
3187:Chicoma Mountain
3049:New Mexico music
2914:
2907:
2900:
2891:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2879:
2865:
2856:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2845:
2831:
2822:
2816:
2815:
2813:
2811:
2795:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2766:
2760:
2759:
2757:
2755:
2741:
2732:
2726:
2720:
2719:
2711:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2700:
2687:
2678:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2667:
2653:
2644:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2633:
2618:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2596:
2590:
2589:, p. 24-27.
2584:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2559:
2550:
2549:, p. 30-31.
2544:
2538:
2537:
2509:
2503:
2502:
2470:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2445:
2436:
2430:
2429:
2410:
2404:
2403:
2402:. pp. 1–11.
2395:
2389:
2388:
2370:
2364:
2363:
2345:
2339:
2338:
2319:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2286:
2280:
2279:
2271:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2250:
2241:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2205:
2199:
2198:
2180:
2171:
2170:, p. 29-30.
2165:
2156:
2155:
2137:
2131:
2125:
2119:
2113:
2107:
2101:
2095:
2094:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2049:
2040:
2034:
2028:
2022:
2016:
2010:
2004:
1998:
1992:
1986:
1985:
1967:
1961:
1960:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1914:
1908:
1907:, p. 27-28.
1902:
1896:
1895:
1877:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1849:
1837:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1813:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1754:
1748:
1747:
1727:
1721:
1720:
1703:(1–3): 225–233.
1692:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1668:
1659:
1653:
1652:
1633:
1627:
1626:
1606:
1600:
1599:
1591:
1585:
1584:
1547:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1521:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1488:
1479:
1478:
1476:
1452:
1443:
1442:
1440:
1424:
1418:
1417:
1394:
1388:
1387:
1377:
1368:
1362:
1361:
1333:
1327:
1326:
1315:. pp. 1–3.
1308:
1302:
1301:
1283:
1277:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1243:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1217:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1183:
1177:
1176:
1158:
1152:
1151:
1149:
1129:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1100:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1071:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1045:
975:Geologic hazards
898:Artisanal mining
794:Laramide orogeny
779:Mancos Formation
775:Dakota Formation
638:and salt of the
593:Bursum Formation
366:Laramide orogeny
242:Colorado Plateau
238:Rio Grande River
204:Colorado Plateau
101:Laramide orogeny
95:and most of the
55:Colorado Plateau
4063:
4062:
4058:
4057:
4056:
4054:
4053:
4052:
4033:
4032:
4031:
4026:
4008:
3970:
3956:
3695:
3689:
3659:
3654:
3645:
3643:
3636:
3452:
3279:
3269:(highest point)
3247:San Luis Valley
3237:Rocky Mountains
3163:
3092:
2939:
2927:
2918:
2888:
2887:
2877:
2875:
2863:
2858:
2857:
2853:
2843:
2841:
2829:
2824:
2823:
2819:
2809:
2807:
2797:
2796:
2789:
2779:
2777:
2768:
2767:
2763:
2753:
2751:
2743:
2742:
2735:
2727:
2723:
2713:
2712:
2708:
2698:
2696:
2685:
2680:
2679:
2675:
2665:
2663:
2651:
2646:
2645:
2641:
2631:
2629:
2620:
2619:
2615:
2605:
2603:
2598:
2597:
2593:
2585:
2581:
2571:
2569:
2561:
2560:
2553:
2545:
2541:
2511:
2510:
2506:
2472:
2471:
2467:
2457:
2455:
2443:
2438:
2437:
2433:
2426:
2412:
2411:
2407:
2397:
2396:
2392:
2385:
2372:
2371:
2367:
2360:
2347:
2346:
2342:
2335:
2321:
2320:
2313:
2303:
2301:
2288:
2287:
2283:
2273:
2272:
2268:
2258:
2256:
2248:
2243:
2242:
2238:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2207:
2206:
2202:
2195:
2182:
2181:
2174:
2166:
2159:
2152:
2139:
2138:
2134:
2126:
2122:
2114:
2110:
2102:
2098:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2061:
2059:
2047:
2042:
2041:
2037:
2029:
2025:
2017:
2013:
2005:
2001:
1993:
1989:
1982:
1969:
1968:
1964:
1957:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1932:
1916:
1915:
1911:
1903:
1899:
1892:
1879:
1878:
1871:
1861:
1859:
1847:
1839:
1838:
1834:
1824:
1822:
1811:
1806:
1805:
1801:
1794:
1781:
1780:
1776:
1769:
1756:
1755:
1751:
1729:
1728:
1724:
1694:
1693:
1689:
1679:
1677:
1666:
1661:
1660:
1656:
1649:
1635:
1634:
1630:
1623:
1608:
1607:
1603:
1593:
1592:
1588:
1549:
1548:
1544:
1534:
1532:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1490:
1489:
1482:
1454:
1453:
1446:
1438:10.1.1.505.5407
1431:(25): 115–117.
1426:
1425:
1421:
1414:
1396:
1395:
1391:
1375:
1370:
1369:
1365:
1335:
1334:
1330:
1323:
1310:
1309:
1305:
1298:
1285:
1284:
1280:
1270:
1268:
1241:
1236:
1235:
1231:
1215:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1198:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1173:
1160:
1159:
1155:
1131:
1130:
1123:
1113:
1111:
1102:
1101:
1094:
1084:
1082:
1081:on July 8, 2004
1073:
1072:
1068:
1058:
1056:
1047:
1046:
1042:
1037:
1017:tropical storms
977:
953:San Luis Valley
902:Ortiz Mountains
894:
874:Jemez Lineament
859:Rio Grande rift
806:
783:Mesaverde Group
687:middle Triassic
652:
554:Bliss Formation
499:
455:Picuris orogeny
413:Tusas Mountains
332:Yavapai orogeny
324:subduction zone
290:greenstone belt
259:
254:
222:Rio Grande Rift
208:Basin and Range
168:
113:Jemez Lineament
105:Rio Grande rift
81:Picuris orogeny
59:Basin and Range
12:
11:
5:
4061:
4059:
4051:
4050:
4045:
4035:
4034:
4028:
4027:
4025:
4024:
4022:Howland Island
4018:
4016:
4010:
4009:
4007:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3984:American Samoa
3980:
3978:
3972:
3971:
3966:
3964:
3958:
3957:
3955:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3902:South Carolina
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3867:North Carolina
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3703:
3701:
3697:
3696:
3690:
3688:
3687:
3680:
3673:
3665:
3656:
3655:
3641:
3638:
3637:
3635:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3462:
3460:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3295:
3289:
3287:
3281:
3280:
3278:
3277:
3272:
3271:
3270:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3242:San Juan Basin
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3207:Llano Estacado
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3173:
3171:
3165:
3164:
3162:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3109:Climate change
3106:
3100:
3098:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3090:
3088:Transportation
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3069:
3068:
3063:
3053:
3052:
3051:
3041:
3040:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3027:National Guard
3019:
3014:
3013:
3012:
3007:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2976:
2975:
2970:
2960:
2955:
2949:
2947:
2941:
2940:
2932:
2929:
2928:
2919:
2917:
2916:
2909:
2902:
2894:
2886:
2885:
2851:
2817:
2787:
2761:
2733:
2721:
2706:
2673:
2639:
2613:
2591:
2579:
2551:
2539:
2504:
2465:
2431:
2424:
2405:
2390:
2383:
2365:
2358:
2340:
2333:
2311:
2281:
2266:
2236:
2222:
2200:
2193:
2172:
2157:
2150:
2132:
2120:
2108:
2096:
2069:
2035:
2023:
2011:
1999:
1997:, p. 137.
1987:
1980:
1962:
1955:
1937:
1930:
1909:
1897:
1890:
1869:
1832:
1799:
1792:
1774:
1767:
1749:
1722:
1697:Tectonophysics
1687:
1654:
1647:
1628:
1621:
1601:
1586:
1542:
1516:
1503:(4): 974–991.
1480:
1444:
1419:
1412:
1389:
1363:
1328:
1321:
1303:
1296:
1278:
1229:
1203:
1196:
1178:
1172:978-0878422098
1171:
1153:
1140:. MAP I-2206.
1121:
1108:Why New Mexico
1092:
1066:
1039:
1038:
1036:
1033:
985:flash flooding
976:
973:
922:San Juan Basin
913:including the
893:
890:
886:Bandelier Tuff
878:Valles Caldera
863:Santa Fe Group
830:Baca Formation
805:
802:
790:Farallon plate
760:foreland basin
683:lower Triassic
651:
648:
620:Delaware Basin
615:to the south.
534:alkaline magma
498:
495:
405:Cimarron Range
370:Zuni Mountains
302:Earth's mantle
286:Moppin Complex
258:
255:
253:
250:
167:
164:
136:flash flooding
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4060:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4040:
4038:
4023:
4020:
4019:
4017:
4015:
4011:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3981:
3979:
3977:
3973:
3969:
3965:
3963:
3959:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3942:West Virginia
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3847:New Hampshire
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3807:Massachusetts
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3704:
3702:
3698:
3693:
3686:
3681:
3679:
3674:
3672:
3667:
3666:
3663:
3653:
3652:
3639:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3469:
3468:
3467:
3461:
3459:
3455:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3303:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3286:
3282:
3276:
3273:
3268:
3265:
3264:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3227:Permian Basin
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3177:Apachian zone
3175:
3174:
3172:
3170:
3166:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3095:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3058:
3057:
3054:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3045:
3042:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3002:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2965:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2946:
2942:
2937:
2936:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2915:
2910:
2908:
2903:
2901:
2896:
2895:
2892:
2873:
2869:
2862:
2855:
2852:
2839:
2835:
2828:
2821:
2818:
2805:
2801:
2794:
2792:
2788:
2775:
2771:
2765:
2762:
2754:September 22,
2750:
2746:
2740:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2725:
2722:
2717:
2710:
2707:
2695:
2691:
2684:
2677:
2674:
2666:September 22,
2661:
2657:
2650:
2643:
2640:
2632:September 22,
2628:
2624:
2617:
2614:
2606:September 22,
2601:
2595:
2592:
2588:
2583:
2580:
2572:September 22,
2568:
2564:
2558:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2543:
2540:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2508:
2505:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2469:
2466:
2458:September 23,
2453:
2449:
2442:
2435:
2432:
2427:
2425:9781585460106
2421:
2417:
2409:
2406:
2401:
2394:
2391:
2386:
2384:9781585460106
2380:
2376:
2369:
2366:
2361:
2359:9781585460106
2355:
2351:
2344:
2341:
2336:
2334:9781585460106
2330:
2326:
2318:
2316:
2312:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2285:
2282:
2277:
2270:
2267:
2255:(43): 297–310
2254:
2247:
2240:
2237:
2225:
2223:9781585460106
2219:
2215:
2211:
2204:
2201:
2196:
2194:9781585460106
2190:
2186:
2179:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2164:
2162:
2158:
2153:
2151:9781585460106
2147:
2143:
2136:
2133:
2129:
2124:
2121:
2117:
2116:Fillmore 2010
2112:
2109:
2105:
2104:Fillmore 2010
2100:
2097:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2082:
2073:
2070:
2057:
2053:
2046:
2039:
2036:
2032:
2031:Fillmore 2010
2027:
2024:
2020:
2015:
2012:
2008:
2007:Fillmore 2010
2003:
2000:
1996:
1991:
1988:
1983:
1981:9781607810049
1977:
1973:
1966:
1963:
1958:
1956:9781585460106
1952:
1948:
1941:
1938:
1933:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1913:
1910:
1906:
1901:
1898:
1893:
1891:9781585460106
1887:
1883:
1876:
1874:
1870:
1857:
1853:
1846:
1842:
1836:
1833:
1821:
1817:
1810:
1803:
1800:
1795:
1793:9781585460106
1789:
1785:
1778:
1775:
1770:
1768:9781585460106
1764:
1760:
1753:
1750:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1726:
1723:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1691:
1688:
1676:
1672:
1665:
1658:
1655:
1650:
1648:9781585460106
1644:
1640:
1632:
1629:
1624:
1622:9780813700335
1618:
1614:
1613:
1605:
1602:
1597:
1590:
1587:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1551:margin arc".
1546:
1543:
1531:
1527:
1520:
1517:
1511:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1487:
1485:
1481:
1475:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1451:
1449:
1445:
1439:
1434:
1430:
1423:
1420:
1415:
1413:9780813700441
1409:
1405:
1401:
1393:
1390:
1385:
1381:
1374:
1367:
1364:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1332:
1329:
1324:
1322:0-8137-2291-8
1318:
1314:
1307:
1304:
1299:
1297:0-8137-2291-8
1293:
1289:
1282:
1279:
1271:September 21,
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1240:
1233:
1230:
1225:
1221:
1214:
1207:
1204:
1199:
1197:9781585460106
1193:
1189:
1182:
1179:
1174:
1168:
1164:
1157:
1154:
1148:
1147:10.3133/i2206
1143:
1139:
1135:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1109:
1105:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1080:
1076:
1070:
1067:
1054:
1050:
1044:
1041:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1025:
1024:Wasatch Front
1020:
1018:
1012:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
974:
972:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
937:
935:
931:
927:
926:Permian Basin
923:
918:
916:
910:
906:
903:
899:
891:
889:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
866:
864:
860:
855:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
837:asthenosphere
833:
831:
827:
823:
819:
810:
803:
801:
799:
795:
791:
786:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
763:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
724:
722:
718:
714:
713:
708:
704:
700:
699:late Triassic
696:
692:
688:
684:
679:
677:
673:
669:
665:
656:
649:
647:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
616:
614:
610:
606:
602:
601:Abo Formation
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
561:
559:
558:Mississippian
555:
551:
547:
543:
542:Sauk sequence
539:
535:
531:
527:
520:
516:
511:
503:
496:
494:
492:
488:
484:
483:De Baca Group
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
459:Trampas Group
456:
451:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
420:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
377:
375:
371:
367:
364:
360:
356:
352:
350:
349:Manzano Group
346:
342:
337:
333:
329:
325:
320:
318:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
294:Nd model ages
291:
287:
283:
275:
271:
263:
256:
251:
249:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
218:
216:
211:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
180:
172:
165:
163:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
128:
125:
120:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
89:Pennsylvanian
86:
82:
78:
74:
71:
67:
62:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
31:
20:
16:
3999:Puerto Rico
3907:South Dakota
3897:Rhode Island
3892:Pennsylvania
3872:North Dakota
3856:
3642:
3463:
3438:Sunland Park
3267:Wheeler Peak
3144:Homelessness
3119:Demographics
3073:Paleontology
3056:New Mexicans
3037:World War II
3005:Nuevo México
2933:
2876:. Retrieved
2871:
2867:
2854:
2842:. Retrieved
2837:
2833:
2820:
2808:. Retrieved
2803:
2778:. Retrieved
2773:
2764:
2752:. Retrieved
2748:
2731:, p. 1.
2724:
2715:
2709:
2697:. Retrieved
2693:
2689:
2676:
2664:. Retrieved
2659:
2655:
2642:
2630:. Retrieved
2627:Western Wire
2626:
2616:
2604:. Retrieved
2594:
2587:Chronic 1987
2582:
2570:. Retrieved
2566:
2547:Chronic 1987
2542:
2520:(1): 27–53.
2517:
2513:
2507:
2482:
2478:
2468:
2456:. Retrieved
2451:
2447:
2434:
2415:
2408:
2399:
2393:
2374:
2368:
2349:
2343:
2324:
2302:. Retrieved
2298:
2294:
2284:
2275:
2269:
2257:. Retrieved
2252:
2239:
2227:. Retrieved
2213:
2203:
2184:
2168:Chronic 1987
2141:
2135:
2123:
2111:
2099:
2090:
2086:
2080:
2072:
2060:. Retrieved
2055:
2051:
2038:
2026:
2014:
2002:
1990:
1971:
1965:
1946:
1940:
1921:
1912:
1905:Chronic 1987
1900:
1881:
1860:. Retrieved
1855:
1851:
1835:
1823:. Retrieved
1819:
1815:
1802:
1783:
1777:
1758:
1752:
1735:
1731:
1725:
1700:
1696:
1690:
1678:. Retrieved
1674:
1670:
1657:
1638:
1631:
1611:
1604:
1595:
1589:
1556:
1552:
1545:
1533:. Retrieved
1529:
1519:
1500:
1496:
1464:
1460:
1428:
1422:
1403:
1399:
1392:
1383:
1379:
1366:
1344:(B6): 6142.
1341:
1337:
1331:
1312:
1306:
1287:
1281:
1269:. Retrieved
1252:(2): 25–29.
1249:
1245:
1232:
1223:
1219:
1206:
1187:
1181:
1162:
1156:
1137:
1112:. Retrieved
1107:
1083:. Retrieved
1079:the original
1069:
1057:. Retrieved
1052:
1043:
1021:
1013:
1001:mass wasting
987:in arroyos;
978:
938:
919:
911:
907:
895:
867:
856:
834:
815:
787:
764:
746:beds of the
740:Sundance Sea
725:
710:
703:Chinle Group
680:
661:
617:
605:Cutler Group
577:Madera Group
575:such as the
562:
523:
467:Sandia Crest
452:
424:volcanogenic
421:
417:trondhjemite
378:
361:, the early
353:
341:Vadito Group
321:
310:metamorphism
306:amphibolites
279:
274:Sandia Crest
228:to northern
219:
212:
188:Great Plains
185:
166:Physiography
152:mass wasting
138:in arroyos;
129:
121:
63:
47:Great Plains
27:
25:
15:
3976:Territories
3822:Mississippi
3737:Connecticut
3428:Silver City
3298:Albuquerque
3149:LGBT rights
2985:Delegations
1406:: 201–229.
997:earthquakes
963:basin from
945:groundwater
915:Questa Mine
882:Pleistocene
752:Summerville
712:Coelophysis
676:rain shadow
438:, lithium,
397:amphibolite
393:greenschist
387:, based on
385:Proterozoic
355:Precambrian
345:Hondo Group
334:. The arcs
282:island arcs
257:Proterozoic
148:earthquakes
28:geology of
4037:Categories
3937:Washington
3857:New Mexico
3852:New Jersey
3727:California
3592:San Miguel
3577:Rio Arriba
3547:Los Alamos
3472:Bernalillo
3408:Rio Rancho
3383:Los Alamos
3373:Las Cruces
3348:Farmington
3318:Bloomfield
3293:Alamogordo
3232:Rio Grande
3154:Literature
2995:Government
2968:Bizcochito
2925:New Mexico
2128:Lucas 2004
2019:Lucas 2004
1995:Lucas 2004
1918:Benton M J
1559:: 105820.
1535:August 27,
1467:(4): 220.
1386:: 177–190.
1226:: 379–388.
1035:References
965:Las Cruces
949:Kirk Bryan
828:, and the
792:drove the
767:Cretaceous
589:glaciation
463:batholiths
314:tholeiitic
30:New Mexico
3947:Wisconsin
3912:Tennessee
3817:Minnesota
3792:Louisiana
3582:Roosevelt
3522:Guadalupe
3448:Tucumcari
3393:Lovington
3388:Los Lunas
3378:Las Vegas
3134:Elections
3129:Education
3032:Civil War
3017:Landmarks
3010:Territory
2990:Geography
2938:(capital)
2662:: 127–137
2454:: 115–121
2229:April 28,
2062:April 29,
2058:: 170–181
1858:: 145–159
1744:130142252
1581:225308346
1497:Geosphere
1461:Geosphere
1433:CiteSeerX
1266:259456553
1085:March 20,
993:sinkholes
721:dinosaurs
613:prograded
609:tetrapods
573:limestone
530:Minnesota
491:peneplain
475:Allamoore
436:beryllium
432:pegmatite
409:granulite
359:Paleozoic
328:Laurentia
230:Chihuahua
144:sinkholes
73:orogenies
33:includes
3932:Virginia
3882:Oklahoma
3862:New York
3837:Nebraska
3827:Missouri
3812:Michigan
3802:Maryland
3787:Kentucky
3767:Illinois
3742:Delaware
3732:Colorado
3722:Arkansas
3632:Valencia
3622:Torrance
3602:Santa Fe
3597:Sandoval
3587:San Juan
3557:McKinley
3507:Doña Ana
3458:Counties
3423:Santa Fe
3398:Portales
3368:Kirtland
3343:Española
3333:Corrales
3323:Carlsbad
3159:Politics
3139:Gun laws
3104:Abortion
3061:Hispanos
3022:Military
2935:Santa Fe
2878:June 15,
2844:June 15,
2810:June 15,
2304:June 24,
1920:(2005).
1825:July 11,
941:aquifers
851:and the
798:Cenozoic
728:Jurassic
691:Moenkopi
550:Devonian
548:through
546:Cambrian
444:tantalum
363:Cenozoic
336:accreted
226:Colorado
124:aquifers
109:Cenozoic
97:Mesozoic
70:Mazatzal
3952:Wyoming
3927:Vermont
3832:Montana
3772:Indiana
3752:Georgia
3747:Florida
3717:Arizona
3707:Alabama
3612:Socorro
3542:Lincoln
3532:Hidalgo
3527:Harding
3502:De Baca
3433:Socorro
3418:Ruidoso
3413:Roswell
3313:Artesia
3169:Regions
3124:Economy
3097:Society
3078:Symbols
3000:History
2980:Culture
2963:Cuisine
2780:June 9,
2699:May 13,
2522:Bibcode
2487:Bibcode
1862:July 9,
1705:Bibcode
1680:May 21,
1561:Bibcode
1346:Bibcode
1114:June 9,
1059:June 9,
1029:Socorro
989:arsenic
981:erosion
969:El Paso
961:Mesilla
934:barrels
824:, the
672:Nevadan
640:Castile
624:Capitan
603:or the
597:red bed
565:Permian
517:in the
440:niobium
428:kyanite
381:plutons
192:bedrock
140:arsenic
132:erosion
93:Permian
66:Yavapai
35:bedrock
3887:Oregon
3842:Nevada
3782:Kansas
3757:Hawaii
3712:Alaska
3700:States
3607:Sierra
3492:Colfax
3487:Cibola
3482:Chaves
3477:Catron
3358:Grants
3353:Gallup
3338:Deming
3328:Clovis
3285:Cities
2945:Topics
2422:
2381:
2356:
2331:
2259:May 7,
2220:
2191:
2148:
2093:: 260.
1978:
1953:
1928:
1888:
1790:
1765:
1742:
1645:
1619:
1579:
1435:
1410:
1319:
1294:
1264:
1194:
1169:
876:. The
818:Eocene
744:gypsum
717:genera
705:. The
668:Sevier
666:. The
636:potash
632:gypsum
560:time.
317:basalt
246:craton
234:Mexico
57:, and
3917:Texas
3797:Maine
3762:Idaho
3627:Union
3567:Otero
3517:Grant
3497:Curry
3464:See:
3403:Raton
3363:Hobbs
3308:Aztec
3114:Crime
3044:Music
2973:Chile
2953:Index
2921:State
2864:(PDF)
2840:: 199
2830:(PDF)
2686:(PDF)
2652:(PDF)
2444:(PDF)
2249:(PDF)
2048:(PDF)
1848:(PDF)
1812:(PDF)
1740:S2CID
1667:(PDF)
1577:S2CID
1376:(PDF)
1262:S2CID
1242:(PDF)
1216:(PDF)
1005:radon
434:with
156:radon
3989:Guam
3922:Utah
3877:Ohio
3777:Iowa
3617:Taos
3572:Quay
3562:Mora
3552:Luna
3512:Eddy
3443:Taos
2880:2021
2846:2021
2812:2021
2782:2021
2756:2020
2701:2020
2668:2020
2634:2020
2608:2020
2574:2020
2460:2020
2420:ISBN
2379:ISBN
2354:ISBN
2329:ISBN
2306:2021
2261:2020
2231:2022
2218:ISBN
2189:ISBN
2146:ISBN
2064:2020
1976:ISBN
1951:ISBN
1926:ISBN
1886:ISBN
1864:2020
1827:2020
1788:ISBN
1763:ISBN
1682:2019
1643:ISBN
1617:ISBN
1537:2020
1408:ISBN
1317:ISBN
1292:ISBN
1273:2020
1192:ISBN
1167:ISBN
1116:2021
1087:2010
1061:2021
920:The
868:The
754:and
726:The
693:and
681:The
670:and
642:and
485:and
477:and
448:mica
446:and
395:and
372:and
343:and
298:U-Pb
68:and
26:The
3537:Lea
2923:of
2874:: 5
2872:210
2530:doi
2495:doi
2299:192
1736:160
1713:doi
1701:305
1569:doi
1557:347
1505:doi
1469:doi
1354:doi
1254:doi
1142:doi
983:or
967:to
930:MCF
800:.
732:erg
719:of
583:or
312:of
134:or
87:in
77:Mya
4039::
2870:.
2866:.
2838:42
2836:.
2832:.
2802:.
2790:^
2772:.
2747:.
2736:^
2694:44
2692:.
2688:.
2660:70
2658:.
2654:.
2625:.
2565:.
2554:^
2528:.
2518:18
2516:.
2493:.
2483:91
2481:.
2477:.
2450:.
2446:.
2314:^
2297:.
2293:.
2251:.
2175:^
2160:^
2091:45
2089:.
2085:.
2056:56
2054:.
2050:.
1872:^
1856:56
1854:.
1850:.
1820:56
1818:.
1814:.
1738:.
1734:.
1711:.
1699:.
1675:20
1673:.
1669:.
1575:.
1567:.
1555:.
1528:.
1499:.
1495:.
1483:^
1463:.
1459:.
1447:^
1404:44
1402:.
1384:62
1382:.
1378:.
1352:.
1342:91
1340:.
1260:.
1250:21
1248:.
1244:.
1224:62
1222:.
1218:.
1136:.
1124:^
1106:.
1095:^
1051:.
1011:.
999:;
865:.
832:.
785:.
723:.
634:,
493:.
450:.
442:,
319:.
232:,
215:Ma
162:.
150:;
119:.
53:,
49:,
43:Ma
3684:e
3677:t
3670:v
3304:)
3300:(
2913:e
2906:t
2899:v
2882:.
2848:.
2814:.
2784:.
2758:.
2703:.
2670:.
2636:.
2610:.
2576:.
2536:.
2532::
2524::
2501:.
2497::
2489::
2462:.
2452:7
2428:.
2387:.
2362:.
2337:.
2308:.
2263:.
2233:.
2197:.
2154:.
2066:.
1984:.
1959:.
1934:.
1894:.
1866:.
1829:.
1796:.
1771:.
1746:.
1719:.
1715::
1707::
1684:.
1651:.
1625:.
1583:.
1571::
1563::
1539:.
1513:.
1507::
1501:7
1477:.
1471::
1465:3
1441:.
1416:.
1360:.
1356::
1348::
1325:.
1300:.
1275:.
1256::
1200:.
1175:.
1150:.
1144::
1118:.
1089:.
1063:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
