140:
255:. Some visiting Hunkpapa may have benefitted from Dr. M. Martin's inoculation of about 900 southern Lakota (no divisions named) at the head of Medicine Creek that autumn. When smallpox struck in 1837, it hit the Hunkpapa as the northernmost Lakota division. The loss, however, may have been fewer than one hundred people. Overall, the Hunkpapa seem to have suffered less from new diseases than many other tribes did.
43:
342:
was established with a new treaty in 1868. The Lakota agreed to the construction of "any railroad" outside their reservation. The United States recognized that "the country north of the North Platte River and east of the summits of the Big Horn
Mountains" was unsold or unceded Indian territory. These
374:
took place on land purchased by the United States from the Crow tribe on May 7, 1868. These continual attacks, and complaints from
American Natives, prompted the Commissioner of Indian Affairs to assess the full situation on the northern plains. He said that the unfriendly Lakota roaming the land of
354:
The "free bands" of
Hunkpapa favored campsites outside the unsold areas. They took a leading part in the westward enlargement of the range used by the Lakota in the late 1860s and the early 1870s at the expense of other tribes. In search for buffalo, Lakota regularly occupied the eastern part of the
243:
By signing the 1825 treaty, the
Hunkpapa and the United States committed themselves to keep up the "friendship which has heretofore existed". With their x-mark, the chiefs also recognized the supremacy of the United States. It is not certain whether they really understood the text in the document.
432:
The
Hunkpapa population was estimated to be around 1,600 men, women and children in 1805, corresponding to 160 tipis. Shihasapa and Sans Arc migration to Hunkpapa camps in the 1840s had doubled their number of tipis in 1849. From a height in 1855 with 360 lodges, the next decades were marked by a
285:
Soon enough the
Hunkpapa and other Sioux attacked the Arikara and the two other so-called village tribes, just as they had done in the past. By 1854, these three smallpox-devastated tribes called for protection from the U.S. Army, and they would repeatedly do so almost to the end of inter-tribal
375:
other people should "be forced by the military to come in to the Great Sioux
Reservation". That was in 1873, notably one year before the discovery of gold in the Black Hills, but the US government did not take action on this concept until three years later.
433:
small decline. The decline was higher in percentage of the total Lakota population. In 1855, the total number of lodges were nearly 2,000. Fifteen years later only 315 tipis out of 2,400 were set up in
Hunkpapa camps.
359:, as they did in 1873. The Lakota pressed the Crow Indians to the point that they reacted like other small tribes: they called for the U.S. Army to intervene and take actions against the intruders.
266:
in the summer of 1851. Leaders of eight different tribes, often at odds with each other and each claiming large territories, signed the treaty. The United States was a ninth party to it. The
393:(in North and South Dakota). It comprises land along the Grand River which had been used by the Arikara Indians in 1823; the Hunkpapa "won the west" half a century before the whites.
244:
The US representatives gave a medal to Little White Bear, who they understood was the principal
Hunkpapa chief; they did not realize how decentralized Native American authority was.
240:
They may have formed as a tribe within the Lakota relatively recently, as the first mention of the
Hunkpapa in European-American historical records was from a treaty of 1825.
976:
366:
in United States territory north of the Yellowstone. Custer's troops escorted a railroad surveying party here, due to similar attacks the year before. Battles such as
1076:
1071:
648:, Vol. 1 (1902), pp. 179-256. Meyer, Roy W.: ;;The Village Indians of the Upper Missouri. The Mandans, Hidatsas and Arikaras;;. Lincoln and London, 1977, p.54.
788:, Autumn 2009, 22, 2, p. 46. Scott, Kim Allen and Ken Kempcke: "A Journey to the Heart of Darkness. John W. Wright and the War against the Sioux, 1863-1865",
139:
286:
warfare. Eventually the Hunkpapa and other Lakota took control of the three tribes' area north of Heart River, forcing the village people to live in
803:
743:
663:
644:
Robinson, Doane: Official Correspondence Pertaining to the Leavenworth Expedition into South Dakota in 1823 for the Conquest of the Ree Indians.
1066:
412:. They were among the last of the tribes to go to the reservations. By 1891, the majority of Hunkpapa Lakota, about 571 people, resided in the
168:
297:
General Warren estimated the population of the Hunkpapa Lakota at about 2920 in 1855. He described their territory as ranging "from the
263:
869:. Cambridge, 1995, p. 106. Ewers, John C.: "Intertribal Warfare as a Precursor of Indian-White Warfare on the Northern Great Plains",
126:
873:, Vol. 6, No. 4 (Oct. 1975), pp. 397-410. Serial set 1607, 43. Congress, 1st Session, House Executive Document, no. 89, pp. 23, 49.
1081:
413:
390:
1035:
442:
448:
248:
64:
1028:
949:
White, Richard: "The Winning of the West: The Expansion of the Western Sioux in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries".
554:
317:. In addition to dealing with warfare, they suffered considerable losses due to contact with Europeans and contracting of
259:
1006:
451:, Hunkpapa social worker responsible for developing historical trauma models and interventions for Native American people
27:
This article is about the Hunkpapa branch of the Lakota Native American tribe. For the 1989 album by Throwing Muses, see
379:
856:. Cambridge, 1995, pp. 106-109. Serial set 1607. 43. Congress, 1st Session, House Executive Document, No. 89, pp.22-23.
700:
Trimble, Michael K.: "The 1832 Inoculation Program on the Missouri River". In Verano, John W. and D.H. Ubelaker (eds):
331:
The Hunkpapa gave some of their remote relatives among the Santee Sioux armed support during a large-scale battle near
107:
197:
set up their lodges at the entryway to the circle of the Great Council when the Sioux met in convocation. They speak
79:
567:), chief and leader of the Lakota in fighting against the US Army to remain off the reservations in the 19th-century
226:
187:
word, meaning "Head of the Circle" (at one time, the tribe's name was represented in European-American records as
53:
575:
367:
60:
481:
86:
558:
495:
274:
ran through the heartland of the Crow country (now Montana). The treaty defines the land of the Arikara, the
383:
339:
287:
882:
Howe, George Frederick: "Expedition to the Yellowstone River in 1873: Letters of a young Cavalry Officer",
371:
93:
667:
807:
740:
628:
461:
548:
524:
506:
363:
271:
234:
75:
689:
Wheel Boats on the Missouri. The Journals and Documents of the Atkinson-O'Fallon Expedition, 1824-26
233:. Members of the Lakota, a part of them "Ankpapat", were the first Native Americans to fight in the
538:
454:
214:
332:
325:
321:
294:
290:
outside their treaty land. The Lakota were largely in control of the occupied area to 1876–1877.
938:
Wolves for the Blue Soldiers. Indian Scouts and Auxiliaries with the United States Army, 1860-90
801:
Kappler, Charles J.: Indian Affairs. Laws and Treaties. Washington, 1904. Vol. 2, pp. 998-1003.
1061:
1022:
594:
571:
544:
343:
hunting grounds in the south and in the west of the new Lakota domain were used mainly by the
302:
221:
and Lakota joined six companies of the Sixth Infantry and 80 fur trappers in an attack on an
581:
531:
282:
as a mutual area north of Heart River, partly encircled by the Missouri (now North Dakota).
28:
747:
485:
198:
184:
156:
850:
Counting Coup and Cutting Horses. Intertribal Warfare on the Northern Plains, 1738-1889
600:
519:
500:
298:
202:
251:, the United States assumed responsibility for the inoculation of the Indians against
100:
1055:
513:
409:
401:
355:
Crow Indian Reservation as far west as the Bighorn River, sometimes even raiding the
348:
218:
172:
1048:, guide to the Minnesota Historical Society’s online collection of cultural objects
564:
475:
465:
421:
417:
405:
397:
314:
522:, actor, whose mother is Hunkpapa Lakota; has had a continuing role on the series
588:
424:. Since then they have not been counted separately from the rest of the Lakota.
356:
306:
267:
230:
42:
469:
934:
Parading Through History. The Making of the Crow Nation in America, 1805-1935
897:
Parading Through History. The Making of the Crow Nation in America, 1805-1935
867:
Parading Through History. The Making of the Crow Nation in America, 1805-1935
854:
Parading Through History. The Making of the Crow Nation in America, 1805-1935
760:
The Village Indians of the Upper Missouri. The Mandans, Hidatsas and Arikaras
726:
Bray (1994), "Teton Sioux Population History, 1655-1881", p.184, column II.
591:) (1820–1888), Two Kettle and Hunkpapa diplomat, trader, and peace activist
1045:
344:
310:
252:
17:
905:
American Memory. Indian Land Cessions in the United States, 1784 to 1894
903:. Washington, 1904, Vol. 2. pp. 1008-1011 (treaty with the Crows 1868).
846:
The Crow and the Eagle. A Tribal History from Lewis and Clark to Custer
318:
275:
270:
territory included a tract of land north of the Yellowstone, while the
222:
279:
908:
741:
http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/sio0594.htm
603:, Sun duncer, autor and orador. He is great-grandson of Sitting Bull
258:
The boundaries for the Lakota Indian territory were defined in the
138:
309:. He states that they formerly intermarried extensively with the
1038:, 1997, summarized by Willow Branch from "Through Indian Eyes",
713:
Bray, Kingsley M.: "Teton Sioux Population History, 1655-1881".
509:(1895–ca. 1966), ledger artist from Standing Rock, North Dakota
962:
Bray, Kingsley M.: Teton Sioux Population History, 1655-1881.
36:
362:
In the late summer of 1873, the Hunkpapa boldly attacked the
478:(born 1959), filmmaker, photographer and performance artist
899:. Cambridge, 1995. See map p. 63. Kappler, Charles, J.:
635:, 1906, carried in Access Genealogy, accessed 9 Dec 2009
494:
Iromagaja (Run-on-his-face) war chief fighting in the
457:, photographer, poet, writer and human rights activist
1042:(originally hosted by GeoCities; most links are dead)
1007:"Rosebud Sioux Tribe Community Environmental Profile"
804:"INDIAN AFFAIRS: LAWS AND TREATIES. Vol. 2, Treaties"
664:"INDIAN AFFAIRS: LAWS AND TREATIES. Vol. 2, Treaties"
844:. Lincoln/London, 1962, pp. 135-137. Algier, Keith:
147:), 1872 Tribal Delegations to the Federal Government
34:
Traditional tribal grouping within the Lakota people
936:. Cambridge, 1995, pp. 106-109. Dunlay, Thomas W.:
396:During the 1870s, when the Native Americans of the
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
848:. Caldwell, 1993, pp. 320-326. McGinnis, Anthony:
445:, founder Indigenous Life Movement, philanthropist
335:in 1864 with U.S. troops led by General A. Sully.
717:, Summer 1994, Vol. 75, No. 2, p. 178, column II.
389:Since the 1880s, most Hunkpapa have lived in the
852:. Evergreen, 1990, p. 137. Hoxie, Frederick E.:
624:
622:
620:
313:." He noted that they raided settlers along the
921:The Commissioners of Indian Affairs, 1824-1977
557:), war chief and one of the commanders in the
1036:"Native American Tribes: Sioux (Second Part)"
584:), Hunkpapa chief and advisor to Sitting Bull
229:(now South Dakota) in August 1823, named the
171:group, one of the seven council fires of the
8:
1009:. Archived from the original on May 16, 2008
687:Jensen, Richard E. & James S. Hutchins:
192:
177:
161:
966:, Summer 1994, Vol. 75, No. 2, pp. 165-188.
704:. Washington and London, 1992, pp. 257-264.
378:The Hunkpapa were among the victors in the
953:, Vol. 65, No. 2 (Sep. 1978), pp. 319-343.
919:Kvasnicka, Robert M. and Herman J. Viola:
886:, Vol. 39, No. 3 (Dec. 1952), pp. 519-534.
237:alongside US forces west of the Missouri.
786:The Quarterly Journal of Military History
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
884:The Mississippi Valley Historical Review
792:, Vol. 50, No. 4 (Winter 2000), pp.2-17.
491:He Topa (Four Horns), 19th-century chief
784:Larson, Robert W.: "Galls Last Stand",
616:
1077:Native American tribes in South Dakota
1072:Native American tribes in North Dakota
1020:
981:National Museum of the American Indian
702:Disease and Demography in the Americas
629:"Hunkpapa Sioux Indian Tribe History"
472:artist Amidon Ledger, Macnider Ledger
7:
831:. Washington, 1904. Vol. 2, p. 1002.
739:. Washington, 1904. Vol. 2, p. 594.
65:adding citations to reliable sources
940:. Lincoln and London, 1982, p. 113.
762:. Lincoln and London, 1977, p. 106.
646:South Dakota Historical Collections
597:, president of Sitting Bull College
408:in the fighting, together with the
201:, one of the three dialects of the
923:. Lincoln and London, 1979, p.145.
691:. Helena and Lincoln, 2001, p.128.
661:. Washington, 1904, Vol.2, p.235.
484:, flutist; enrolled member of the
25:
909:http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/map
901:Indian Affairs. Laws and Treaties
829:Indian Affairs. Laws and Treaties
790:Montana, The Magazine of the West
737:Indian Affairs. Laws and Treaties
659:Indian Affairs. Laws and Treaties
842:Plenty Coups. Chief of the Crows
414:Standing Rock Indian Reservation
391:Standing Rock Indian Reservation
213:Seven hundred and fifty mounted
41:
951:The Journal of American History
52:needs additional citations for
449:Maria Yellow Horse Brave Heart
437:Notable Hunkpapa Lakota people
428:Population in the 19th century
249:Indian Vaccination Act of 1832
1:
1067:First Nations in Saskatchewan
871:Western Historical Quarterly
633:Handbook of American Indians
404:, the Hunkpapa were led by
209:History in the 19th century
1098:
464:(ca. 1853–1924), Hunkpapa
26:
1027:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
983:. Smithsonian Institution
576:battle of Little Big Horn
559:Battle of Little Bighorn
496:Battle of Little Bighorn
443:William "Hawk" Birdshead
380:Battle of Little Bighorn
1082:Great Sioux War of 1876
1046:The Seven Council Fires
384:Crow Indian Reservation
340:Great Sioux Reservation
288:Like a Fishhook Village
193:
178:
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932:Hoxie, Frederick E.:
895:Hoxie, Frederick E.:
865:Hoxie, Frederick E.:
840:Linderman, Frank B.:
827:Kappler, Charles J.:
735:Kappler, Charles J.:
657:Kappler, Charles J.:
541:), 19th-century chief
516:), 19th-century chief
345:Sicangu (Brule-Sioux)
324:to which they had no
191:). By tradition, the
142:
977:"Women & Horses"
549:Sitting Bull College
507:Annie Little Warrior
272:Little Bighorn River
260:general peace treaty
235:American Indian Wars
61:improve this article
773:The Village Indians
587:Waŋblí Ayútepiwiŋ (
563:Tȟatȟáŋka Íyotake (
455:Barbara May Cameron
322:infectious diseases
907:. Map: Montana 1.
746:2014-08-12 at the
580:Tȟatȟóka Íŋyaŋke (
528:, among other work
512:Mahto Kaweawesna (
482:Robert "Tree" Cody
400:were fighting the
305:, and west to the
295:United States Army
149:
595:Laurel Vermillion
574:), fought in the
572:Moving Robe Woman
545:Tomi Kay Phillips
351:, living nearby.
333:Killdeer Mountain
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143:Walking Shooter (
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476:Dana Claxton
466:Winter count
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59:Please help
54:verification
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589:Eagle Woman
468:keeper and
357:Crow Agency
307:Black Hills
303:Yellowstone
268:Crow Indian
231:Arikara War
227:Grand River
225:village at
175:. The name
1056:Categories
814:2013-10-07
674:2016-08-13
611:References
539:Black Moon
537:Oni Sapa (
514:Bear's Rib
470:Ledger Art
301:up to the
87:newspapers
76:"Hunkpapa"
987:4 October
534:, actress
503:, painter
247:With the
219:Yanktonai
194:Húŋkpapȟa
179:Húŋkpapȟa
163:Húŋkpapȟa
18:Húŋkpapȟa
1062:Hunkpapa
1023:cite web
744:Archived
525:Longmire
486:Maricopa
347:and the
326:immunity
319:Eurasian
311:Cheyenne
278:and the
253:smallpox
189:Honkpapa
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