129:
244:. Some visiting Hunkpapa may have benefitted from Dr. M. Martin's inoculation of about 900 southern Lakota (no divisions named) at the head of Medicine Creek that autumn. When smallpox struck in 1837, it hit the Hunkpapa as the northernmost Lakota division. The loss, however, may have been fewer than one hundred people. Overall, the Hunkpapa seem to have suffered less from new diseases than many other tribes did.
32:
331:
was established with a new treaty in 1868. The Lakota agreed to the construction of "any railroad" outside their reservation. The United States recognized that "the country north of the North Platte River and east of the summits of the Big Horn
Mountains" was unsold or unceded Indian territory. These
363:
took place on land purchased by the United States from the Crow tribe on May 7, 1868. These continual attacks, and complaints from
American Natives, prompted the Commissioner of Indian Affairs to assess the full situation on the northern plains. He said that the unfriendly Lakota roaming the land of
343:
The "free bands" of
Hunkpapa favored campsites outside the unsold areas. They took a leading part in the westward enlargement of the range used by the Lakota in the late 1860s and the early 1870s at the expense of other tribes. In search for buffalo, Lakota regularly occupied the eastern part of the
232:
By signing the 1825 treaty, the
Hunkpapa and the United States committed themselves to keep up the "friendship which has heretofore existed". With their x-mark, the chiefs also recognized the supremacy of the United States. It is not certain whether they really understood the text in the document.
421:
The
Hunkpapa population was estimated to be around 1,600 men, women and children in 1805, corresponding to 160 tipis. Shihasapa and Sans Arc migration to Hunkpapa camps in the 1840s had doubled their number of tipis in 1849. From a height in 1855 with 360 lodges, the next decades were marked by a
274:
Soon enough the
Hunkpapa and other Sioux attacked the Arikara and the two other so-called village tribes, just as they had done in the past. By 1854, these three smallpox-devastated tribes called for protection from the U.S. Army, and they would repeatedly do so almost to the end of inter-tribal
364:
other people should "be forced by the military to come in to the Great Sioux
Reservation". That was in 1873, notably one year before the discovery of gold in the Black Hills, but the US government did not take action on this concept until three years later.
422:
small decline. The decline was higher in percentage of the total Lakota population. In 1855, the total number of lodges were nearly 2,000. Fifteen years later only 315 tipis out of 2,400 were set up in
Hunkpapa camps.
348:, as they did in 1873. The Lakota pressed the Crow Indians to the point that they reacted like other small tribes: they called for the U.S. Army to intervene and take actions against the intruders.
255:
in the summer of 1851. Leaders of eight different tribes, often at odds with each other and each claiming large territories, signed the treaty. The United States was a ninth party to it. The
382:(in North and South Dakota). It comprises land along the Grand River which had been used by the Arikara Indians in 1823; the Hunkpapa "won the west" half a century before the whites.
233:
The US representatives gave a medal to Little White Bear, who they understood was the principal
Hunkpapa chief; they did not realize how decentralized Native American authority was.
229:
They may have formed as a tribe within the Lakota relatively recently, as the first mention of the
Hunkpapa in European-American historical records was from a treaty of 1825.
965:
355:
in United States territory north of the Yellowstone. Custer's troops escorted a railroad surveying party here, due to similar attacks the year before. Battles such as
1065:
1060:
637:, Vol. 1 (1902), pp. 179-256. Meyer, Roy W.: ;;The Village Indians of the Upper Missouri. The Mandans, Hidatsas and Arikaras;;. Lincoln and London, 1977, p.54.
777:, Autumn 2009, 22, 2, p. 46. Scott, Kim Allen and Ken Kempcke: "A Journey to the Heart of Darkness. John W. Wright and the War against the Sioux, 1863-1865",
128:
275:
warfare. Eventually the Hunkpapa and other Lakota took control of the three tribes' area north of Heart River, forcing the village people to live in
792:
732:
652:
633:
Robinson, Doane: Official Correspondence Pertaining to the Leavenworth Expedition into South Dakota in 1823 for the Conquest of the Ree Indians.
1055:
401:. They were among the last of the tribes to go to the reservations. By 1891, the majority of Hunkpapa Lakota, about 571 people, resided in the
157:
286:
General Warren estimated the population of the Hunkpapa Lakota at about 2920 in 1855. He described their territory as ranging "from the
252:
858:. Cambridge, 1995, p. 106. Ewers, John C.: "Intertribal Warfare as a Precursor of Indian-White Warfare on the Northern Great Plains",
115:
862:, Vol. 6, No. 4 (Oct. 1975), pp. 397-410. Serial set 1607, 43. Congress, 1st Session, House Executive Document, no. 89, pp. 23, 49.
1070:
402:
379:
1024:
431:
437:
237:
53:
1017:
938:
White, Richard: "The Winning of the West: The Expansion of the Western Sioux in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries".
543:
306:. In addition to dealing with warfare, they suffered considerable losses due to contact with Europeans and contracting of
248:
995:
440:, Hunkpapa social worker responsible for developing historical trauma models and interventions for Native American people
16:
This article is about the Hunkpapa branch of the Lakota Native American tribe. For the 1989 album by Throwing Muses, see
368:
845:. Cambridge, 1995, pp. 106-109. Serial set 1607. 43. Congress, 1st Session, House Executive Document, No. 89, pp.22-23.
689:
Trimble, Michael K.: "The 1832 Inoculation Program on the Missouri River". In Verano, John W. and D.H. Ubelaker (eds):
320:
The Hunkpapa gave some of their remote relatives among the Santee Sioux armed support during a large-scale battle near
96:
186:
set up their lodges at the entryway to the circle of the Great Council when the Sioux met in convocation. They speak
68:
556:), chief and leader of the Lakota in fighting against the US Army to remain off the reservations in the 19th-century
215:
176:
word, meaning "Head of the Circle" (at one time, the tribe's name was represented in European-American records as
42:
564:
356:
49:
470:
75:
547:
484:
263:
ran through the heartland of the Crow country (now Montana). The treaty defines the land of the Arikara, the
372:
328:
276:
871:
Howe, George Frederick: "Expedition to the Yellowstone River in 1873: Letters of a young Cavalry Officer",
360:
82:
656:
796:
729:
617:
450:
537:
513:
495:
352:
260:
223:
64:
678:
Wheel Boats on the Missouri. The Journals and Documents of the Atkinson-O'Fallon Expedition, 1824-26
222:. Members of the Lakota, a part of them "Ankpapat", were the first Native Americans to fight in the
527:
443:
203:
321:
314:
310:
283:
279:
outside their treaty land. The Lakota were largely in control of the occupied area to 1876–1877.
927:
Wolves for the Blue Soldiers. Indian Scouts and Auxiliaries with the United States Army, 1860-90
790:
Kappler, Charles J.: Indian Affairs. Laws and Treaties. Washington, 1904. Vol. 2, pp. 998-1003.
1050:
1011:
583:
560:
533:
332:
hunting grounds in the south and in the west of the new Lakota domain were used mainly by the
291:
210:
and Lakota joined six companies of the Sixth Infantry and 80 fur trappers in an attack on an
570:
520:
271:
as a mutual area north of Heart River, partly encircled by the Missouri (now North Dakota).
17:
736:
474:
187:
173:
145:
839:
Counting Coup and Cutting Horses. Intertribal Warfare on the Northern Plains, 1738-1889
589:
508:
489:
287:
191:
240:, the United States assumed responsibility for the inoculation of the Indians against
89:
1044:
502:
398:
390:
344:
Crow Indian Reservation as far west as the Bighorn River, sometimes even raiding the
337:
207:
161:
1037:, guide to the Minnesota Historical Society’s online collection of cultural objects
553:
464:
454:
410:
406:
394:
386:
303:
511:, actor, whose mother is Hunkpapa Lakota; has had a continuing role on the series
577:
413:. Since then they have not been counted separately from the rest of the Lakota.
345:
295:
256:
219:
31:
458:
923:
Parading Through History. The Making of the Crow Nation in America, 1805-1935
886:
Parading Through History. The Making of the Crow Nation in America, 1805-1935
856:
Parading Through History. The Making of the Crow Nation in America, 1805-1935
843:
Parading Through History. The Making of the Crow Nation in America, 1805-1935
749:
The Village Indians of the Upper Missouri. The Mandans, Hidatsas and Arikaras
715:
Bray (1994), "Teton Sioux Population History, 1655-1881", p.184, column II.
580:) (1820–1888), Two Kettle and Hunkpapa diplomat, trader, and peace activist
1034:
333:
299:
241:
894:
American Memory. Indian Land Cessions in the United States, 1784 to 1894
892:. Washington, 1904, Vol. 2. pp. 1008-1011 (treaty with the Crows 1868).
835:
The Crow and the Eagle. A Tribal History from Lewis and Clark to Custer
307:
264:
259:
territory included a tract of land north of the Yellowstone, while the
211:
268:
897:
730:
http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/sio0594.htm
592:, Sun duncer, autor and orador. He is great-grandson of Sitting Bull
247:
The boundaries for the Lakota Indian territory were defined in the
127:
298:. He states that they formerly intermarried extensively with the
1027:, 1997, summarized by Willow Branch from "Through Indian Eyes",
702:
Bray, Kingsley M.: "Teton Sioux Population History, 1655-1881".
498:(1895–ca. 1966), ledger artist from Standing Rock, North Dakota
951:
Bray, Kingsley M.: Teton Sioux Population History, 1655-1881.
25:
351:
In the late summer of 1873, the Hunkpapa boldly attacked the
467:(born 1959), filmmaker, photographer and performance artist
888:. Cambridge, 1995. See map p. 63. Kappler, Charles, J.:
624:, 1906, carried in Access Genealogy, accessed 9 Dec 2009
483:
Iromagaja (Run-on-his-face) war chief fighting in the
446:, photographer, poet, writer and human rights activist
1031:(originally hosted by GeoCities; most links are dead)
996:"Rosebud Sioux Tribe Community Environmental Profile"
793:"INDIAN AFFAIRS: LAWS AND TREATIES. Vol. 2, Treaties"
653:"INDIAN AFFAIRS: LAWS AND TREATIES. Vol. 2, Treaties"
833:. Lincoln/London, 1962, pp. 135-137. Algier, Keith:
136:), 1872 Tribal Delegations to the Federal Government
23:
Traditional tribal grouping within the Lakota people
925:. Cambridge, 1995, pp. 106-109. Dunlay, Thomas W.:
385:During the 1870s, when the Native Americans of the
56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
837:. Caldwell, 1993, pp. 320-326. McGinnis, Anthony:
434:, founder Indigenous Life Movement, philanthropist
324:in 1864 with U.S. troops led by General A. Sully.
706:, Summer 1994, Vol. 75, No. 2, p. 178, column II.
378:Since the 1880s, most Hunkpapa have lived in the
841:. Evergreen, 1990, p. 137. Hoxie, Frederick E.:
613:
611:
609:
302:." He noted that they raided settlers along the
910:The Commissioners of Indian Affairs, 1824-1977
546:), war chief and one of the commanders in the
1025:"Native American Tribes: Sioux (Second Part)"
573:), Hunkpapa chief and advisor to Sitting Bull
218:(now South Dakota) in August 1823, named the
160:group, one of the seven council fires of the
8:
998:. Archived from the original on May 16, 2008
676:Jensen, Richard E. & James S. Hutchins:
181:
166:
150:
955:, Summer 1994, Vol. 75, No. 2, pp. 165-188.
693:. Washington and London, 1992, pp. 257-264.
367:The Hunkpapa were among the victors in the
942:, Vol. 65, No. 2 (Sep. 1978), pp. 319-343.
908:Kvasnicka, Robert M. and Herman J. Viola:
875:, Vol. 39, No. 3 (Dec. 1952), pp. 519-534.
226:alongside US forces west of the Missouri.
775:The Quarterly Journal of Military History
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
873:The Mississippi Valley Historical Review
781:, Vol. 50, No. 4 (Winter 2000), pp.2-17.
480:He Topa (Four Horns), 19th-century chief
773:Larson, Robert W.: "Galls Last Stand",
605:
1066:Native American tribes in South Dakota
1061:Native American tribes in North Dakota
1009:
970:National Museum of the American Indian
691:Disease and Demography in the Americas
618:"Hunkpapa Sioux Indian Tribe History"
461:artist Amidon Ledger, Macnider Ledger
7:
820:. Washington, 1904. Vol. 2, p. 1002.
728:. Washington, 1904. Vol. 2, p. 594.
54:adding citations to reliable sources
929:. Lincoln and London, 1982, p. 113.
751:. Lincoln and London, 1977, p. 106.
635:South Dakota Historical Collections
586:, president of Sitting Bull College
397:in the fighting, together with the
190:, one of the three dialects of the
912:. Lincoln and London, 1979, p.145.
680:. Helena and Lincoln, 2001, p.128.
650:. Washington, 1904, Vol.2, p.235.
473:, flutist; enrolled member of the
14:
898:http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/map
890:Indian Affairs. Laws and Treaties
818:Indian Affairs. Laws and Treaties
779:Montana, The Magazine of the West
726:Indian Affairs. Laws and Treaties
648:Indian Affairs. Laws and Treaties
831:Plenty Coups. Chief of the Crows
403:Standing Rock Indian Reservation
380:Standing Rock Indian Reservation
202:Seven hundred and fifty mounted
30:
940:The Journal of American History
41:needs additional citations for
438:Maria Yellow Horse Brave Heart
426:Notable Hunkpapa Lakota people
417:Population in the 19th century
238:Indian Vaccination Act of 1832
1:
1056:First Nations in Saskatchewan
860:Western Historical Quarterly
622:Handbook of American Indians
393:, the Hunkpapa were led by
198:History in the 19th century
1087:
453:(ca. 1853–1924), Hunkpapa
15:
1016:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
972:. Smithsonian Institution
565:battle of Little Big Horn
548:Battle of Little Bighorn
485:Battle of Little Bighorn
432:William "Hawk" Birdshead
369:Battle of Little Bighorn
1071:Great Sioux War of 1876
1035:The Seven Council Fires
373:Crow Indian Reservation
329:Great Sioux Reservation
277:Like a Fishhook Village
182:
167:
151:
137:
921:Hoxie, Frederick E.:
884:Hoxie, Frederick E.:
854:Hoxie, Frederick E.:
829:Linderman, Frank B.:
816:Kappler, Charles J.:
724:Kappler, Charles J.:
646:Kappler, Charles J.:
530:), 19th-century chief
505:), 19th-century chief
334:Sicangu (Brule-Sioux)
313:to which they had no
180:). By tradition, the
131:
966:"Women & Horses"
538:Sitting Bull College
496:Annie Little Warrior
261:Little Bighorn River
249:general peace treaty
224:American Indian Wars
50:improve this article
762:The Village Indians
576:Waŋblí Ayútepiwiŋ (
552:Tȟatȟáŋka Íyotake (
444:Barbara May Cameron
311:infectious diseases
896:. Map: Montana 1.
735:2014-08-12 at the
569:Tȟatȟóka Íŋyaŋke (
517:, among other work
501:Mahto Kaweawesna (
471:Robert "Tree" Cody
389:were fighting the
294:, and west to the
284:United States Army
138:
584:Laurel Vermillion
563:), fought in the
561:Moving Robe Woman
534:Tomi Kay Phillips
340:, living nearby.
322:Killdeer Mountain
134:Wah-Koo-Ta-Mon-Ih
132:Walking Shooter (
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1002:November 22,
1000:. Retrieved
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554:Sitting Bull
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465:Dana Claxton
455:Winter count
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411:South Dakota
395:Sitting Bull
387:Great Plains
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361:Pease Bottom
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288:Big Cheyenne
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48:Please help
43:verification
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578:Eagle Woman
457:keeper and
346:Crow Agency
296:Black Hills
292:Yellowstone
257:Crow Indian
220:Arikara War
216:Grand River
214:village at
164:. The name
1045:Categories
803:2013-10-07
663:2016-08-13
600:References
528:Black Moon
526:Oni Sapa (
503:Bear's Rib
459:Ledger Art
290:up to the
76:newspapers
65:"Hunkpapa"
976:4 October
523:, actress
492:, painter
236:With the
208:Yanktonai
183:Húŋkpapȟa
168:Húŋkpapȟa
152:Húŋkpapȟa
1051:Hunkpapa
1012:cite web
733:Archived
514:Longmire
475:Maricopa
336:and the
315:immunity
308:Eurasian
300:Cheyenne
267:and the
242:smallpox
178:Honkpapa
156:) are a
142:Hunkpapa
449:Ćehu′p
371:in the
265:Hidatsa
204:Yankton
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