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hundred children represent the character of the solar region of the Aztecs in that the daily sunrise was viewed as a celestial battle against the moon (Coyolxauhqui) and the stars (Centzon
Huitznahua). Another version of the myth, found in the historical chronicles of Diego Duran and Alvarado Tezozomoc, tells the story with strong historical allusion and portrays two Aztec factions in ferocious battle. The leader of one group, Huitzilopochtli, defeats the warriors of a woman leader, Coyolxauh, and tears open their breasts and eats their hearts. Both versions tell of the origin of human sacrifice at the sacred place, Coatepec, during the rise of the Aztec nation and at the foundation of Tenochtitlan.
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Huitzilopochtli triumphed at the top of the mountain, while his sister was dismembered and fell to pieces below, so
Huitzilopochtli's temple and icon sat triumphantly at the top of the Templo Mayor while the carving of the dismembered goddess lay far below. This drama of sacrificial dismemberment was vividly repeated in some of the offerings found around the Coyolxauhqui stone in which the decapitated skulls of young women were placed. This would suggest that there was a ritual reenactment of the myth at the dedication of the stone sometime in the latter part of the fifteenth century.
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452:. These children, angered by the manner by which their mother became impregnated, conspired to kill her. Huitzilopochtli burst forth from his mother's womb in full armor and fully grown, or in other versions of the story, burst forth from the womb and immediately put on his gear. He attacked his older brothers and sister, defending his mother by beheading his sister and casting her body from the mountain top. He also chased after his brothers, who fled from him and became scattered all over the sky.
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pushed down the pyramid where the
Coyolxauhqui stone could be found. The Coyolxauhqui Stone recreates the story of Coyolxauhqui, Huitzilopochtli's sister who was dismembered at the base of a mountain, just as the sacrificial victims were. The body would be carried away and either cremated or given to the warrior responsible for the capture of the victim. He would either cut the body in pieces and send them to important people as an
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842:(November 9 to November 28) was the Aztec month dedicated to Huitzilopochtli. People decorated their homes and trees with paper flags; there were ritual races, processions, dances, songs, prayers, and finally human sacrifices. This was one of the more important Aztec festivals, and the people prepared for the whole month. They fasted or ate very little; a statue of the god was made with
601:(“the eagle’s people”). War was an important source of both human and material tribute. Human tribute was used for sacrificial purposes because human blood was believed to be extremely important, and thus powerful. According to Aztec mythology, Huitzilopochtli needed blood as sustenance in order to continue to keep his sister and many brothers at bay as he chased them through the sky.
1135:
there for six months of the year—the entire duration of the winter—nourishing itself with the essence of the tree. It appears to be dead, but at the advent of spring, when the tree acquires new life and gives forth new leaves, the little bird, with the aid of the tree's life, is reborn. It goes from there to breed, and consequently the
Indians say that it dies and is reborn.
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54:
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dedicated to
Huitzilopochtli, while the blue shrine to the north was dedicated to Tlaloc. That these two deities were on opposite sides of the Great Temple is very representative of the Aztec dichotomy that the deities represent. Tlaloc, as the rain god, represented fertility and growth, while Huitzilopochtli, as the sun god, represented war and sacrifice.
771:
696:, Huitzilopochtli was so bright that the warrior souls had to use their shields to protect their eyes. They could only see the god through the arrow holes in their shields, so it was the bravest warrior who could see him best. Warriors and women who died during childbirth were transformed into hummingbirds upon death and went to join Huitzilopochtli.
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gold, and jewels, and was hidden behind a curtain to give it more reverence and veneration. Another variation lists him having a face that was marked with yellow and blue stripes and he carries around the fire serpent
Xiuhcoatl with him. According to legend, the statue was supposed to be destroyed by the soldier
763:
750:. Many years later, Huitzilopochtli ordered the Aztecs to search for Copil's heart and build their city over it. The sign would be an eagle perched on a cactus, eating a precious serpent, and the place would become their permanent home. After much traveling, they arrived at the area which would eventually be
790:
or as an anthropomorphic figure with just the feathers of such on his head and left leg, a black face, and holding a scepter shaped like a snake and a mirror. According to the
Florentine Codex, Huitzilopochtli's body was painted blue. In the great temple his statue was decorated with cloth, feathers,
699:
As the precise studies of
Johanna Broda have shown, the creation myth consisted of “several layers of symbolism, ranging from a purely historical explanation to one in terms of cosmovision and possible astronomical content.” At one level, Huitzilopochtli's birth and victorious battle against the four
882:
For the reconsecration of Great
Pyramid of Tenochtitlan in 1487, dedicated to Tlaloc and Huitzilopochtli, the Aztecs reported that they sacrificed about 20,400 prisoners over the course of four days. While accepted by some scholars, this claim also has been considered Aztec propaganda. There were 19
682:
Many gods in the pantheon of deities of the Aztecs were inclined to have a fondness for a particular aspect of warfare. However, Huitzilopochtli was known as the primary god of war in ancient Mexico. Since he was the patron god of the Mexica, he was credited with both the victories and defeats that
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For six months of the year is dead, and for six it is alive. And, as I have said, when it feels that winter is coming, it goes to a perennial, leafy tree and with its natural instinct seeks out a crack. It stands upon a twig next to that crack, pushes its beak into it as far as possible, and stays
742:, who, according to legend, founded Malinalco, but the Aztecs resented her ruling and called back Huitzilopochtli. He put his sister to sleep and ordered the Aztecs to leave the place. When she woke up and realized she was alone, she became angry and desired revenge. She gave birth to a son called
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When the Aztecs sacrificed people to
Huitzilopochtli, the victim would be placed on a sacrificial stone. The priest would then cut through the abdomen with an obsidian or flint blade. The heart would be torn out still beating and held towards the sky in honor to the Sun-God. The body would then be
810:
He always had a blue-green hummingbird helmet in any of the depictions found. In fact, his hummingbird helmet was the one item that consistently defined him as Huitzilopochtli, the sun god, in artistic renderings. He is usually depicted as holding a shield adorned with balls of eagle feathers, a
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wrote, "These two gods were always meant to be together, since they were considered companions of equal power." The Templo Mayor consisted of a pyramidal platform, on top of which were twin temples, one painted with blue stripes and the other painted red. The red shrine, on the south side, was
585:
During the festival of Panquetzaliztli, of which Huitzilopochtli was the patron, sacrificial victims were adorned in the manner of Huitzilopochtli's costume and blue body paint, before their hearts would be sacrificially removed. Representations of Huitzilopochtli called teixiptla were also
673:
was found directly at the base of the stairway leading up to Huitzilopochtli's temple. On both sides of the stairway's base were two large grinning serpent heads. The image is clear. The Templo Mayor is the image of Coatepec or Serpent Mountain where the divine battle took place. Just as
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Huitzilopochtli is seen as the sun in mythology, while his many male siblings are perceived as the stars and his sister as the moon. In the Aztec worldview, this is the reason why the Sun is constantly chasing the Moon and stars. It is also why it was so important to provide tribute for
527:
by Rafael Tena and published by the National Institute of Anthropology and History of Mexico, the author gives the last day of the Nahuatl month Panquetzaliztli as the date of the celebration of the rebirth of the Lord Huitzilopochtli on top of Coatepec (Snake Hill); December 9 in the
512:
There were 18 especially holy festive days, and only one of them was dedicated to Huitzilopochtli. This celebration day, known as Toxcatl, falls within the fifteenth month of the Mexican calendar. During the festival, captives and slaves were brought forth and slain ceremoniously.
738:". Huitzilopochtli ordered them to abandon Aztlán and find a new home. He also ordered them never to call themselves Aztec; instead they should be called "Mexica." Huitzilopochtli guided them through the journey. For a time, Huitzilopochtli left them in the charge of his sister,
408:
There are a handful of origin mythologies describing the deity's beginnings. One story tells of the cosmic creation and Huitzilopochtli's role in it. According to this legend, he was the smallest son of four — his parents being the creator couple of the
505:, the solar god from the Nahua legend. Huitzilopochtli was said to be in a constant struggle with the darkness and required nourishment in the form of sacrifices to ensure the sun would survive the cycle of 52 years, which was the basis of many
643:
The most important and powerful structure in Tenochtitlan is the Templo Mayor. Its importance as the sacred center is reflected in the fact that it was enlarged frontally eleven times during the two hundred years of its existence. The
565:
Ritual Sacrifice and self bloodletting were key offerings. The Aztecs performed ritual self-sacrifice (also called autosacrifice or blood-letting) on a daily basis. The Aztecs believed that Huitzilopochtli needed daily nourishment
849:
seeds and honey, and at the end of the month, it was cut into small pieces so everybody could eat a little piece of the god. After the Spanish conquest, cultivation of amaranth was outlawed, while some of the festivities were
433:("Smoking Mirror"). His mother and father instructed him and Quetzalcoatl to bring order to the world. Together, Huitzilopochtli and Quetzalcoatl created fire, the first male and female humans, the Earth, and the Sun.
1289:
274:
690:, in this new vision from Tlacaelel, the warriors that died in battle and women who died in childbirth would go to serve Huitzilopochtli in his palace (in the south, or left). From a description in the
1078:'parte izquierda' es el modificado y no el modificador por estar a la derecha, por lo que la traducción literal sería 'parte izquierda de colibrí', ver por ejemplo, F. Karttunen (1983), p. 91
330:
was common in worship ceremonies. These took place frequently throughout the region. When performed, typically multiple victims were sacrificed per day at any one of the numerous temples.
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Huitzilopochtli as sustenance for the Sun. If Huitzilopochtli did not have enough strength to battle his siblings, they would destroy their mother and thus the world.
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Diaz says that upon hearing of Cortezes’ victory over the Cholullans he immediately ordered a number of Indians to be sacrificed to the warrior god Huitzilopochtli.
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520:, Aztecs believed that they could give strength to Huitzilopochtli with human blood and thereby postpone the end of the world, at least for another 52 years.
2562:
867:, in Tenochtitlan approximately sixty prisoners were sacrificed at the festivities. Sacrifices were reported to be made in other Aztec cities, including
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3129:
1999:
Codex Chimalpahin, Volume 2: Society and Politics in Mexico Tenochtitlan, Tlatelolco, Texcoco, Culhuacan, and Other Nahua Altepetl in Central Mexico
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Codex Chimalpahin, Volume 2: Society and Politics in Mexico Tenochtitlan, Tlatelolco, Texcoco, Culhuacan, and Other Nahua Altepetl in Central Mexico
1826:
70:
Blue Tezcatlipoca, Omiteotl, Mextli, Mexi, Huitzitlon, Huitzilton, Tzintzuni, Huitzi, Huichilobos, Vichilobos, Opochtli, Inaquizcoatl-Tezcatlipoca
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aunque el término ha sido traducido habitualmente como 'colibrí zurdo' o 'colibrí del sur', existe desacuerdo entorno al significado ya que el
570:) in the form of human blood and hearts and that they, as “people of the sun,” were required to provide Huitzilopochtli with his sustenance.
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There continues to be disagreement about the full significance of Huītzilōpōchtli's name. Generally it is agreed that there are two elements,
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746:. When he grew up, he confronted Huitzilopochtli, who had to kill him. Huitzilopochtli then took his heart out and threw it in the middle of
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582:. The warrior would thus ascend one step in the hierarchy of the Aztec social classes, a system that rewarded successful warriors.
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the Mexica people had on the battlefield. The people had to make sacrifices to him to protect the Aztec from infinite night.
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354:"left hand side." The name is often translated as "Left-Handed Hummingbird" or "Hummingbird of the South" on the basis that
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worshipped, the most significant being the one at the Templo Mayor which was made of dough mixed with sacrificial blood.
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1984:. Brinton's Library of Aboriginal American Literature, No. VIII (in English and Nāhuatl). Philadelphia: D.G. Brinton.
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An imaginative European depiction of an Aztec shrine. The idol of Huitzilopochtli is seated in the background. (1602)
448:). Her other children, who were already fully grown, were the four hundred male Centzonuitznaua and the female deity
401:
3164:
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2271:
Handbook of Mesoamerican Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Heroes, Rituals, and Beliefs of Mexico and Central America
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in the 1530s, only to be lost again. There is speculation that the statue still exists in a cave somewhere in the
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2455:
2241:
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Boone, Elizabeth. "Incarnations of the Aztec Supernatural: The Image of Huitzilopochtli in Mexico and Europe".
792:
441:
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2649:
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Every 52 years, the Nahuas feared the world would end as the other four creations of their legends had. Under
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687:
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414:
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1795:
Mesoamerican Mythologies: A Guide to the Gods, Heroes, Rituals, and Beliefs of Mexico and Central America
735:
716:; An eagle representing Huitzilopochtli, which exhales the atl-tlachinolli (war symbol), is perched on a
418:
3404:
2316:
2162:
Klein, Cecelia, F. (2008). "A New Interpretation of the Aztec Statue Called Coatlicue, 'Snakes-Her-Skirt
902:
868:
3289:
2939:
2180:
The Gods and Symbols of Ancient Mexico and the Maya: An Illustrated Dictionary of Mesoamerican Religion
1859:
Mesoamerican Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Heroes, Rituals, and Beliefs of Mexico and Central America
1834:
1673:
Mesoamerican Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Heroes, Rituals, and Beliefs of Mexico and Central America
1318:
Mesoamerican Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Heroes, Rituals, and Beliefs of Mexico and Central America
1154:
Mesoamerican Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Heroes, Rituals, and Beliefs of Mexico and Central America
554:
440:, being impregnated as she was sweeping by a ball of feathers on Mount Coatepec ("Serpent Hill"; near
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does. He writes, "It appears to be dead, but at the advent of spring, ... the little bird is reborn."
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800:
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2155:
Elzey, Wayne (1991). "A Hill on a Land Surrounded by Water: An Aztec Story of Origin and Destiny".
219:
373:, implying that a more accurate translation may be "the left (or south) side of the hummingbird".
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362:
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968:
Cacería, Sacrificio y Poder en Mesoamérica: Tras las Huellas de Mixcóatl, 'Serpiente de Nube'
879:, but the number is unknown, and no currently available archeological findings confirm this.
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945:(in Spanish). Editorial Porrúa. pp. 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202.
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Codex Telleriano-Remensis: Ritual, Divination, and History in a Pictorial Aztec Manuscript
653:
529:
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Incarnations of the Aztec Supernatural: The Image of Huitzilopochtli in Mexico and Europe
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describes what appears to be the hummingbird hibernating in a tree, somewhat like the
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1941:. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, vol. 79 part 2. Philadelphia:
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1974:
Rig Veda Americanus. Sacred Songs of the Ancient Mexicans, with a Gloss in Nahuatl
311:, the fire serpent, as a weapon, thus also associating Huitzilopochtli with fire.
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Quetzalcoatl and the Irony of Empire: Myths and Prophecies in the Aztec Tradition
1857:
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Quetzalcoatl and the irony of empire: myths and prophecies in the Aztec tradition
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2387:(4th University of Texas printing ed.). Austin: University of Texas Press.
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homage to his mother and the story of his birth. He also holds the blue snake,
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Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain, 13 vols. in 12
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1960:
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Warriors who died in battle or as sacrifices to Huitzilopochtli were called
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308:
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284:
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1989:
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1234:"Readings in Classical Nahuatl: The Murders of Coatlicue and Coyolxauhqui"
851:
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2818:
2813:
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2693:
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1972:
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There are several legends and myths of Huitzilopochtli. According to the
180:
770:
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2105:(6th printing (1973) ed.). Harmondsworth, England: Penguin Books.
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reformed their religion and put Huitzilopochtli at the same level as
478:
141:
31:
1549:. Boulder, Colorado: The University of Chicago Press. p. 167.
1406:"Huitzilopochtli | Aztec God of War & Sun Worship | Britannica"
2447:
2018:
Cosmovision, Ritual E Identidad de Los Pueblos Indigenas de Mexico
1730:
Cosmovision, Ritual E Identidad de Los Pueblos Indigenas de Mexico
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799:. The statue appeared some years later during an investigation by
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463:
391:
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137:
94:
36:
501:, making him a solar god. Through this, Huitzilopochtli replaced
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2148:
1238:
1129:
117:
2451:
1632:. Boulder, Colorado: University of Chicago Press. p. 167.
734:. They lived under the ruling of a powerful elite called the "
2359:(online reproduction ed.). London: G. G. Harrap and Co.
2213:. Michel Besson (illus.). Austin: University of Texas Press.
376:
The hummingbird was spiritually important in Aztec culture.
1911:(revised ed.). Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
754:
on an island in the Lago Texcoco of the Valley of Mexico.
358:
associated the south with the left hand side of the body.
1279:"The Birth of Huitzilopochtli, Patron God of the Aztecs"
349:
339:
1120:. Translated by Fernando Horcasitas and Doris Heyden.
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tribe. Originally, he was of little importance to the
648:
of Tenochtitlan was dedicated to Huitzilopochtli and
425:("Precious Serpent" or "Quetzal-Feathered Serpent"),
1997:
de San Anton Munon Chimalpahin, Don Domingo (1997).
1753:
de San Anton Munon Chimalpahin, Don Domingo (1997).
1540:
1538:
1536:
3097:
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2561:
2519:
2485:
1806:
1804:
786:, Huitzilopochtli could be represented either as a
241:
194:
163:
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133:
123:
113:
103:
74:
66:
21:
2415:(online version, incorporating reproductions from
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1670:
1508:Transactions of the American Philosophical Society
1315:
1151:
2319:(eds., trans., notes and illus.) (translation of
730:, the Aztecs originally came from a place called
2321:Historia General de las Cosas de la Nueva España
1863:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 195.
1677:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 193.
1433:Historia General de las Cosas de la Nueva España
1322:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 194.
1158:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 193.
936:
934:
932:
930:
928:
926:
924:
922:
920:
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436:Another origin story tells of a fierce goddess,
1797:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 193.
1258:
1256:
1145:
1143:
838:described the festivities for Huitzilopochtli.
720:. Teocalli of the Sacred War, sculpted in 1325.
28:God of war and will, Lord of the Sun and fire.
2417:Dictionnaire de la langue nahuatl ou mexicaine
2463:
2412:"Dictionnaire de la langue nahuatl classique"
2323: ed.). Santa Fe, NM and Salt Lake City:
1655:The True History of the Conquest of New Spain
1489:La flor letal: economía del sacrificio azteca
1018:The True History of The Conquest of New Spain
8:
2267:Read, Kay Almere; Jason J. González (2002).
1815:. Miguel Leon-Portilla. Book III, Chapter 1.
1021:. Hackett Publishing Company, Incorporated.
1782:. London: Thames & Hudson. p. 187.
1717:. London: Thames & Hudson. p. 204.
1702:. London: Thames & Hudson. p. 211.
1614:. London: Thames & Hudson. p. 221.
1267:. London: Thames & Hudson. p. 217.
1183:. London: Thames & Hudson. p. 216.
2470:
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2448:
2001:. Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press.
1757:. Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press.
1363:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
970:(in Spanish). Fondo de Cultura Económica.
477:Huitzilopochtli was the patron god of the
52:
1050:. University of Oklahoma Press. pp.
2135:. Translated by Fernando Horcasitas and
2039:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
1827:"Who Are the Deities of War and Battle?"
1630:Quetzalcoatl and the Irony of the Empire
1547:Quetzalcoatl and the Irony of the Empire
1458:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
769:
766:Huitzilopochtli in the Codex Borbonicus.
3355:Romances de los señores de Nueva España
914:
603:
593:Prisoners for sacrifice were decorated.
2238:Time and Sacrifice in the Aztec Cosmos
1356:
1200:The History of the Indies of New Spain
266:
18:
2067:Mexico: From the Olmecs to the Aztecs
1831:About.com Religion & Spirituality
1780:Mexico: From the Olmecs to the Aztecs
1715:Mexico: From the Olmecs to the Aztecs
1700:Mexico: From the Olmecs to the Aztecs
1612:Mexico: From the Olmecs to the Aztecs
1400:
1398:
1265:Mexico: From the Olmecs to the Aztecs
1232:Jordan, David K. (January 23, 2016).
1181:Mexico: From the Olmecs to the Aztecs
795:, but it was rescued by a man called
525:El Calendario Mexica y la Cronografia
7:
2438:The Gods and Goddesses of the Aztecs
883:altars in the city of Tenochtitlan.
485:, but after the rise of the Aztecs,
468:Huitzilopochtli, as depicted in the
1885:"God of the Month: Huitzilopochtli"
1046:An Analytical Dictionary of Nahuatl
536:with the variant of December 18 in
58:Huitzilopochtli as depicted in the
2327:and the University of Utah Press.
2101:. Penguin Classics. Translated by
2020:. Fondo de Cultura Economica USA.
1982:EBook #14993, online reproduction)
1732:. Fondo de Cultura Economica USA.
712:The founding of the Aztec capital
14:
3250:Lienzo de Coixtlahuaca I & II
2495:: Ometēcuthli and Omecihuātl (or
1909:Introduction to Classical Nahuatl
1015:Bernal Diaz del Castillo (2012).
2510:
898:Human sacrifice in Aztec culture
815:, in his hand in the form of an
621:
613:Human sacrifice as shown in the
606:
558:Human sacrifice depicted in the
550:Human sacrifice in Aztec culture
3425:Codex Vindobonensis Mexicanus I
3305:Oztoticpac Lands Map of Texcoco
3255:Lienzo de Santa María Nativitas
2183:. London: Thames & Hudson.
2069:. London: Thames & Hudson.
1295:from the original on 2022-10-09
578:, or use the pieces for ritual
268:[wiːt͡siloːˈpoːt͡ʃt͡ɬi]
3265:Lienzo de Zacatepec I & II
2443:Short description and an image
1943:American Philosophical Society
943:Diccionario de Mitología Nahoa
1:
652:, the rain god. 16th century
322:. During their discovery and
318:recorded the deity's name as
2356:The Myths of Mexico and Peru
2141:University of Oklahoma Press
1907:Andrews, J. Richard (2003).
1900:General and cited references
1487:Duverger, Christian (2005).
1209:University of Oklahoma Press
1122:University of Oklahoma Press
324:conquest of the Aztec Empire
3400:Historia Tolteca-Chichimeca
3260:Lienzo de Santiago Ihuitlan
2325:School of American Research
1042:Karttunen, Frances (1992).
3499:
3360:Codex Santa Maria Asunción
3140:Boban Aztec Calendar Wheel
1653:Diaz de Castillo, Bernal.
1589:World History Encyclopedia
1525:Smith, Michael E. (2011).
1493:Fondo de Cultura Económica
941:Cecilio A. Robelo (1905).
547:
421:) while his brothers were
3375:Codex Telleriano-Remensis
3165:Mapas de Cuauhtinchan 1-4
3135:Codices Becker I & II
2508:
2236:Read, Kay Almere (1998).
2098:The Conquest of New Spain
2093:Díaz del Castillo, Bernal
1855:Read, Key Almere (2000).
1793:Read, Kay Almere (2000).
1669:Read, Kay Almere (2000).
1349:. Philadelphia. pp.
1314:Read, Kay Almere (2000).
1150:Read, Kay Almere (2000).
793:Gil González de Benavides
429:("Our Lord Flayed"), and
303:and their capital city,
51:
43:
26:
16:Aztec war and solar deity
3315:Plano en papel de maguey
3125:Codices Azoyú I & II
2425:(in French and Nāhuatl).
2242:Indiana University Press
2035:Carrasco, David (1982).
1778:Coe, Michael D. (2008).
1713:Coe, Michael D. (2008).
1698:Coe, Michael D. (2008).
1628:Carrasco, David (1982).
1610:Coe, Michael D. (2008).
1545:Carrasco, David (1982).
1529:. John Wiley & Sons.
1454:Carrasco, David (1982).
1343:Brinton, Daniel (1890).
1263:Coe, Michael D. (2008).
1179:Coe, Michael D. (2008).
1093:Encyclopaedia Britannica
966:Guilhem Olivier (2015).
3110:Aubin Manuscript no. 20
2410:Wimmer, Alexis (2006).
2277:Oxford University Press
2275:. Oxford and New York:
2016:Broda, Johanna (2001).
1728:Broda, Johanna (2001).
704:Origins of Tenochtitlan
350:
340:
259:
3245:Lienzo Antonio de León
2303:Sahagún, Bernardino de
2207:Quiñones Keber, Eloise
2133:Book of Gods and Rites
1571:Book of Gods and Rites
1118:Book of Gods and Rites
893:History of Mexico City
832:
779:
767:
721:
665:The Coyolxauhqui stone
594:
562:
532:or December 19 in the
474:
405:
369:compounds are usually
3405:Codex Totomixtlahuaca
3345:Relación de Michoacán
3295:Códice Maya de México
3280:Matrícula de Tributos
3205:Codex Fejérváry-Mayer
2650:Tlāhuizcalpantecuhtli
2317:Arthur J. O. Anderson
2065:; Rex Koontz (2008).
1935:Boone, Elizabeth Hill
1811:Sahagún, Bernardino.
1429:Bernardino de Sahagún
903:List of solar deities
830:
773:
765:
711:
592:
557:
467:
402:Codex Fejérváry-Mayer
395:
3466:Mesoamerican deities
3435:Codex Zouche-Nuttall
3385:Anales de Tlatelolco
3275:Codex Magliabechiano
2525:(Four Tezcatlipocas)
2384:Aztec and Maya Myths
2166:" Ethnohistory 55(2)
2157:History of Religions
1383:www.mexicolore.co.uk
774:Xiuhtecuhtli in the
688:Miguel León-Portilla
615:Codex Magliabechiano
3325:Codex Porfirio Díaz
3320:Primeros Memoriales
3235:Codex Ixtlilxochitl
3230:Humboldt fragment 1
3220:Códice de Huichapan
3130:Badianus Manuscript
3084:The Stinking Corpse
1346:Rig Veda Americanus
1286:Porteau High School
736:Azteca Chicomoztoca
365:points out that in
220:Centzon Huitznahuac
88:Ilhuicatl-Xoxoauhco
3290:Crónica Mexicayotl
3175:Codex Chimalpopoca
2764:Itzpapalotlcihuatl
2744:Huitztlampaehecatl
2605:Tezcatlipoca (see
2571:Lords of the Night
1969:Brinton, Daniel G.
1582:Cartwright, Mark.
1410:www.britannica.com
833:
780:
768:
722:
671:Coyolxauhqui stone
595:
563:
534:Gregorian calendar
507:Mesoamerican myths
475:
406:
326:, they wrote that
295:. He was also the
234:(Codex Azcatitlan)
222:(Codex Florentine)
187:(Codex Florentine)
82:Ilhuicatl-Teteocan
30:Patron god of the
3443:
3442:
3420:Codex Vaticanus B
3380:Tira de Tepechpan
3225:Codex Huexotzinco
3170:Codex Chimalpahin
3089:Use of entheogens
3056:Tlillan-Tlapallan
2950:Centzon Tōtōchtin
2945:Centzonhuītznāhua
2671:Acuecueyotl (see
2526:
2394:978-0-292-78130-6
2334:978-0-87480-082-1
2313:Charles E. Dibble
2286:978-0-19-514909-8
2251:978-0-253-33400-8
2220:978-0-292-76901-4
2190:978-0-500-05068-2
2112:978-0-14-044123-9
2076:978-0-500-28755-2
2046:978-0-226-09487-8
2027:978-968-16-6178-6
2008:978-0-8061-2950-1
1980:Project Gutenberg
1952:978-0-87169-792-9
1918:978-0-8061-3452-9
1870:978-0-19-514909-8
1684:978-0-19-514909-8
1584:"Huitzilopochtli"
1495:. pp. 83–93.
1435:(op. cit.), p. 76
1329:978-0-19-514909-8
1218:978-0-8061-2649-4
1197:(October 1994) .
1195:Durán, Fray Diego
1165:978-0-19-514909-8
1089:"Huitzilopochtli"
1061:978-0-8061-2421-6
1028:978-1-60384-817-6
977:978-607-16-3216-6
861:According to the
367:Classical Nahuatl
363:Frances Karttunen
256:Classical Nahuatl
249:
248:
212:(Codex Zumarraga)
177:(Codex Zumarraga)
3488:
3390:Codex Tlatelolco
3210:Codex Florentine
3150:Codex Borbonicus
3120:Codex Azcatitlan
3115:Aubin Tonalamatl
3046:Thirteen Heavens
2809:Mictlanpachecatl
2769:Itzpapalotltotec
2689:Chalchiuhtotolin
2630:Lords of the Day
2524:
2514:
2472:
2465:
2458:
2449:
2426:
2424:
2406:
2374:
2372:
2371:
2346:
2298:
2274:
2263:
2232:
2202:
2165:
2152:
2124:
2088:
2058:
2031:
2012:
1993:
1983:
1964:
1930:
1893:
1892:
1881:
1875:
1874:
1862:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1842:
1833:. Archived from
1823:
1817:
1816:
1813:Florentine Codex
1808:
1799:
1798:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1775:
1769:
1768:
1750:
1744:
1743:
1725:
1719:
1718:
1710:
1704:
1703:
1695:
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1688:
1676:
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1416:
1402:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1389:
1379:"Self-sacrifice"
1375:
1369:
1368:
1362:
1354:
1340:
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1333:
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1311:
1305:
1304:
1302:
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1275:
1269:
1268:
1260:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1229:
1223:
1222:
1203:. Translated by
1191:
1185:
1184:
1176:
1170:
1169:
1157:
1147:
1138:
1137:
1110:
1104:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1085:
1079:
1072:
1066:
1065:
1049:
1039:
1033:
1032:
1012:
1006:
1005:
1003:
1002:
988:
982:
981:
963:
957:
956:
938:
801:Bishop Zummáraga
693:Florentine Codex
639:The Templo Mayor
625:
610:
353:
343:
278:
277:
276:
270:
265:
226:Centzon Mimixcoa
90:(Seventh Heaven)
84:(Twelfth Heaven)
60:Codex Borbonicus
56:
19:
3498:
3497:
3491:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3486:
3485:
3456:Avian humanoids
3446:
3445:
3444:
3439:
3285:Codex Mexicanus
3215:Codex Huamantla
3190:Codex Cozcatzin
3180:Codex Colombino
3093:
3071:
3065:
2989:
2940:Centzonmīmixcōa
2923:
2774:Itztlacoliuhqui
2673:Chalchiuhtlicue
2596:Piltzintecuhtli
2581:Chalchiuhtlicue
2557:
2533:Huītzilōpōchtli
2523:
2515:
2506:
2481:
2479:Aztec mythology
2476:
2434:
2429:
2414:
2409:
2395:
2377:
2369:
2367:
2349:
2335:
2311:. vols. I-XII.
2301:
2287:
2266:
2252:
2240:. Bloomington:
2235:
2221:
2205:
2191:
2169:
2163:
2127:
2113:
2091:
2077:
2063:Coe, Michael D.
2061:
2047:
2034:
2028:
2015:
2009:
1996:
1977:
1967:
1953:
1933:
1919:
1906:
1902:
1897:
1896:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1871:
1854:
1853:
1849:
1840:
1838:
1825:
1824:
1820:
1810:
1809:
1802:
1792:
1791:
1787:
1777:
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1772:
1765:
1752:
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1727:
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1711:
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1696:
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1685:
1668:
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1663:
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1627:
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1519:
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1500:
1486:
1485:
1481:
1466:
1453:
1452:
1448:
1443:
1439:
1427:
1423:
1414:
1412:
1404:
1403:
1396:
1387:
1385:
1377:
1376:
1372:
1355:
1342:
1341:
1337:
1330:
1313:
1312:
1308:
1298:
1296:
1292:
1281:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1262:
1261:
1254:
1244:
1242:
1231:
1230:
1226:
1219:
1211:. p. 584.
1193:
1192:
1188:
1178:
1177:
1173:
1166:
1149:
1148:
1141:
1112:
1111:
1107:
1097:
1095:
1087:
1086:
1082:
1073:
1069:
1062:
1041:
1040:
1036:
1029:
1014:
1013:
1009:
1000:
998:
990:
989:
985:
978:
965:
964:
960:
953:
940:
939:
916:
911:
889:
840:Panquetzaliztli
825:
760:
706:
680:
667:
641:
634:
626:
617:
611:
568:tlaxcaltiliztli
552:
546:
530:Julian calendar
462:
390:
382:common poorwill
356:Aztec cosmology
336:
328:human sacrifice
273:
272:
271:
263:
260:Huītzilōpōchtli
252:Huitzilopochtli
237:
228:(Codex Ramirez)
190:
153:Panquetzaliztli
99:
62:
39:
22:Huitzilopochtli
17:
12:
11:
5:
3496:
3495:
3492:
3484:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3448:
3447:
3441:
3440:
3438:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3415:Anales de Tula
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3330:Mapa Quinatzin
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
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3257:
3252:
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3232:
3227:
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3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3160:Codex Boturini
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3101:
3099:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3075:
3073:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3023:
3021:Huēyi Teōcalli
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2997:
2995:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
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2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
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2922:
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2911:
2906:
2901:
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2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2794:Malinalxochitl
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
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2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2669:
2664:
2663:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2640:Mictēcacihuātl
2637:
2627:
2626:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2591:Mictlāntēcutli
2588:
2583:
2578:
2567:
2565:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2555:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2529:
2527:
2517:
2516:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2504:
2497:Tōnacātēcuhtli
2489:
2487:
2483:
2482:
2477:
2475:
2474:
2467:
2460:
2452:
2446:
2445:
2440:
2433:
2432:External links
2430:
2428:
2427:
2407:
2393:
2379:Taube, Karl A.
2375:
2347:
2333:
2299:
2285:
2264:
2250:
2233:
2219:
2203:
2189:
2167:
2160:
2159:31(2): 105–149
2153:
2125:
2111:
2089:
2075:
2059:
2045:
2032:
2026:
2013:
2007:
1994:
1971:, ed. (1890).
1965:
1951:
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1770:
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1745:
1738:
1720:
1705:
1690:
1683:
1661:
1657:. p. 206.
1645:
1639:978-0226094878
1638:
1617:
1602:
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1562:
1556:978-0226094878
1555:
1532:
1517:
1498:
1479:
1465:978-0226094878
1464:
1446:
1444:Sahagún, Ibid.
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740:Malinalxochitl
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548:Main article:
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415:Tōnacātēcuhtli
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388:Origin stories
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293:Aztec religion
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3451:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3370:Mapa Sigüenza
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3335:Codex Ramírez
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3195:Codex Dresden
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3096:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3068:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3031:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2998:
2996:
2992:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2970:Ehecatotontli
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2926:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2789:Macuilxochitl
2787:
2785:
2784:Macuiltochtli
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2754:Ilamatecuhtli
2752:
2750:
2749:Huixtocihuatl
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2714:Cihuatecayotl
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2674:
2670:
2668:
2667:Acolnahuacatl
2665:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2631:
2628:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2608:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2573:
2572:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2560:
2553:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2522:
2518:
2513:
2502:
2501:Tōnacācihuātl
2498:
2494:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2473:
2468:
2466:
2461:
2459:
2454:
2453:
2450:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2431:
2422:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2390:
2386:
2385:
2380:
2376:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2357:
2352:
2351:Spence, Lewis
2348:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2309:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2282:
2278:
2273:
2272:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2186:
2182:
2181:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2161:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2099:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2042:
2038:
2033:
2029:
2023:
2019:
2014:
2010:
2004:
2000:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1981:
1976:
1975:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1914:
1910:
1905:
1904:
1899:
1890:
1886:
1880:
1877:
1872:
1866:
1861:
1860:
1851:
1848:
1837:on 2011-09-18
1836:
1832:
1828:
1822:
1819:
1814:
1807:
1805:
1801:
1796:
1789:
1786:
1781:
1774:
1771:
1766:
1764:9780806129501
1760:
1756:
1749:
1746:
1741:
1739:9789681661786
1735:
1731:
1724:
1721:
1716:
1709:
1706:
1701:
1694:
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1680:
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1674:
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1662:
1656:
1649:
1646:
1641:
1635:
1631:
1624:
1622:
1618:
1613:
1606:
1603:
1591:
1590:
1585:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1569:Diego Durán,
1566:
1563:
1558:
1552:
1548:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1533:
1528:
1521:
1518:
1513:
1509:
1502:
1499:
1494:
1490:
1483:
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1475:
1471:
1467:
1461:
1457:
1450:
1447:
1441:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1425:
1422:
1411:
1407:
1401:
1399:
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1384:
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1374:
1371:
1366:
1360:
1352:
1348:
1347:
1339:
1336:
1331:
1325:
1320:
1319:
1310:
1307:
1291:
1287:
1280:
1274:
1271:
1266:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1241:
1240:
1235:
1228:
1225:
1220:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1205:Heyden, Doris
1202:
1201:
1196:
1190:
1187:
1182:
1175:
1172:
1167:
1161:
1156:
1155:
1146:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1109:
1106:
1094:
1090:
1084:
1081:
1077:
1071:
1068:
1063:
1057:
1053:
1048:
1047:
1038:
1035:
1030:
1024:
1020:
1019:
1011:
1008:
997:
993:
987:
984:
979:
973:
969:
962:
959:
954:
952:970-07-3149-9
948:
944:
937:
935:
933:
931:
929:
927:
925:
923:
921:
919:
915:
908:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
890:
886:
884:
880:
878:
874:
870:
866:
865:
864:Ramírez Codex
859:
858:celebration.
857:
853:
848:
845:
841:
837:
829:
822:
820:
818:
814:
808:
806:
802:
798:
794:
789:
785:
777:
772:
764:
757:
755:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
728:
719:
715:
710:
703:
701:
697:
695:
694:
689:
686:According to
684:
677:
675:
672:
664:
662:
659:
655:
651:
647:
638:
632:
631:
624:
619:
616:
609:
604:
602:
600:
591:
587:
583:
581:
577:
571:
569:
561:
556:
551:
543:
541:
539:
535:
531:
526:
521:
519:
514:
510:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
473:
472:
466:
459:
457:
453:
451:
447:
443:
439:
434:
432:
428:
424:
420:
419:Tōnacācihuātl
416:
412:
403:
399:
398:Tezcatlipocas
396:Blue and Red
394:
387:
385:
383:
379:
374:
372:
368:
364:
359:
357:
352:
347:
342:
333:
331:
329:
325:
321:
317:
312:
310:
307:. He wielded
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
275:
269:
261:
257:
253:
244:
240:
233:
230:
227:
224:
221:
217:
214:
211:
207:
203:
200:
199:
197:
193:
186:
182:
179:
176:
172:
169:
168:
166:
162:
157:
154:
151:
147:
143:
139:
136:
132:
129:
126:
122:
119:
116:
112:
109:
106:
102:
96:
92:
89:
86:
83:
80:
79:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
55:
50:
47:
46:Tezcatlipocas
42:
38:
35:Ruler of the
34:
33:
25:
20:
3430:Codex Xolotl
3410:Codex Tudela
3395:Mapa Tloztin
3270:Codex Madrid
3155:Codex Borgia
3145:Codex Bodley
3070:Beliefs and
3029:
2985:Xiuhtotontli
2914:Yacatecuhtli
2894:Xōchiquetzal
2854:Tlacotzontli
2844:Temazcalteci
2839:Tēcciztēcatl
2739:Huēhuecoyōtl
2729:Coyolxāuhqui
2699:Chicomecōātl
2672:
2655:Tlaltecuhtli
2623:Xiuhtecuhtli
2607:Creator gods
2606:
2543:Tezcatlipoca
2538:Quetzalcoatl
2532:
2521:Creator gods
2416:
2383:
2368:. Retrieved
2355:
2320:
2307:
2305:(1950–82) .
2270:
2237:
2210:
2179:
2171:Miller, Mary
2156:
2137:Doris Heyden
2132:
2097:
2066:
2036:
2017:
1998:
1973:
1938:
1908:
1888:
1879:
1858:
1850:
1839:. Retrieved
1835:the original
1830:
1821:
1812:
1794:
1788:
1779:
1773:
1754:
1748:
1729:
1723:
1714:
1708:
1699:
1693:
1672:
1664:
1654:
1648:
1629:
1611:
1605:
1593:. Retrieved
1587:
1577:
1570:
1565:
1546:
1526:
1520:
1511:
1507:
1501:
1488:
1482:
1455:
1449:
1440:
1432:
1424:
1413:. Retrieved
1409:
1386:. Retrieved
1382:
1373:
1345:
1338:
1317:
1309:
1297:. Retrieved
1285:
1273:
1264:
1243:. Retrieved
1237:
1227:
1199:
1189:
1180:
1174:
1153:
1133:
1117:
1108:
1096:. Retrieved
1092:
1083:
1075:
1070:
1045:
1037:
1017:
1010:
999:. Retrieved
995:
986:
967:
961:
942:
881:
862:
860:
846:
834:
809:
781:
776:Codex Borgia
752:Tenochtitlan
748:Lake Texcoco
725:
723:
718:nopal cactus
714:Tenochtitlan
698:
691:
685:
681:
668:
646:Great Temple
642:
630:Codex Tudela
628:
598:
596:
584:
572:
567:
564:
524:
523:In the book
522:
515:
511:
499:Tezcatlipoca
491:Quetzalcoatl
476:
469:
454:
450:Coyolxauhqui
435:
431:Tezcatlipōca
423:Quetzalcōātl
407:
375:
360:
337:
319:
313:
305:Tenochtitlan
251:
250:
216:Coyolxauhqui
210:Tezcatlipoca
202:Quetzalcoatl
134:Ethnic group
29:
3365:Selden Roll
3340:Codex Reese
3310:Paris Codex
3300:Codex Osuna
3200:Codex Durán
3185:Codex Cospi
3105:Aubin Codex
3041:Teotihuacan
3016:Chicomoztoc
2975:Tiānquiztli
2919:Zacatzontli
2899:Xochitlicue
2859:Tlalocayotl
2849:Tepoztēcatl
2759:Ītzpāpālōtl
2645:Nanahuatzin
2618:Tlazōlteōtl
2601:Tepēyōllōtl
2486:Primordials
2421:Rémi Siméon
2129:Diego Durán
2103:J. M. Cohen
1114:Diego Durán
992:"The Teteo"
836:Diego Durán
788:hummingbird
784:iconography
782:In art and
758:Iconography
727:Aubin Codex
658:Diego Durán
580:cannibalism
503:Nanahuatzin
471:Codex Tovar
378:Diego Durán
346:hummingbird
320:Huichilobos
171:Ometecuhtli
128:Mesoamerica
108:Hummingbird
67:Other names
3471:Solar gods
3461:Aztec gods
3450:Categories
3350:Codex Ríos
3240:Codex Laud
3036:Tamoanchan
3030:Underworld
3011:Cemanahuac
2980:Tzitzimitl
2960:Cihuateteo
2935:Ahuiateteo
2889:Xōchipilli
2719:Cipactonal
2709:Cihuacōātl
2635:Citlālicue
2548:Xipe Totec
2370:2008-05-14
2175:Karl Taube
2085:2008901003
2055:0226094871
1889:Mexicolore
1841:2017-02-11
1527:The Aztecs
1415:2023-06-20
1388:2023-06-20
1245:August 12,
1001:2023-06-20
873:Xochimilco
869:Tlatelolco
560:Codex Laud
538:leap years
427:Xīpe Tōtec
371:head final
297:patron god
206:Xipe-Totec
175:Omecihuatl
3079:Five Suns
2965:Civateteo
2879:Tonantzin
2874:Toltecatl
2779:Ixtlilton
2724:Cōātlīcue
2121:162351797
2095:(1963) .
1359:cite book
909:Citations
856:Christmas
854:into the
847:(huautli)
813:Xiuhcoatl
797:Tlatolatl
678:Mythology
654:Dominican
599:quauhteca
544:Sacrifice
518:Tlacaelel
487:Tlacaelel
438:Coatlicue
361:However,
341:huītzilin
334:Etymology
316:Spaniards
309:Xiuhcoatl
289:sacrifice
285:war deity
279:) is the
185:Coatlicue
159:Genealogy
149:Festivals
3476:War gods
3072:practice
3051:Tlālōcān
2955:Cintēteo
2834:Patecatl
2819:Opochtli
2814:Mixcoatl
2799:Mayahuel
2704:Chīmalmā
2694:Chantico
2684:Atlacoya
2660:Tōnatiuh
2586:Cinteotl
2576:Centeōtl
2552:Camaxtle
2493:Ōmeteōtl
2403:29124568
2381:(1993).
2353:(1913).
2295:77857686
2260:37909790
2229:29600936
2209:(1995).
2199:27667317
2177:(1993).
2149:73-88147
2131:(1971).
1961:20141678
1937:(1989).
1927:50090230
1290:Archived
1130:73-88147
1116:(1971).
1076:ōpōchtli
887:See also
852:subsumed
844:amaranth
823:Calendar
576:offering
411:Ōmeteōtl
351:ōpōchtli
242:Children
195:Siblings
181:Mixcoatl
3098:Codices
3026:Mictlān
3001:Anahuac
2884:Xilonen
2864:Tlilhua
2824:Oxomoco
2804:Metztli
2734:Ehecatl
2679:Atlahua
2563:Deities
1990:6979651
1474:8626972
996:Teochan
877:Texcoco
460:History
446:Hidalgo
400:in the
299:of the
164:Parents
3061:Tōllān
3006:Aztlán
2994:Places
2928:Groups
2909:Xolotl
2904:Xocotl
2829:Painal
2613:Tláloc
2401:
2391:
2365:710093
2363:
2343:276351
2341:
2331:
2293:
2283:
2258:
2248:
2227:
2217:
2197:
2187:
2147:
2119:
2109:
2083:
2073:
2053:
2043:
2024:
2005:
1988:
1959:
1949:
1925:
1915:
1867:
1761:
1736:
1681:
1636:
1595:14 May
1553:
1472:
1462:
1326:
1299:14 May
1215:
1162:
1128:
1098:14 May
1058:
1025:
974:
949:
875:, and
817:atlatl
732:Aztlán
656:friar
650:Tlaloc
497:, and
495:Tlaloc
483:Nahuas
479:Mexica
348:" and
301:Aztecs
142:Mexica
124:Region
114:Gender
104:Symbol
32:Mexica
3028:(The
2419:, by
1293:(PDF)
1282:(PDF)
744:Copil
281:solar
138:Aztec
95:South
75:Abode
37:South
2869:Toci
2550:(or
2499:and
2399:OCLC
2389:ISBN
2361:OCLC
2339:OCLC
2329:ISBN
2315:and
2291:OCLC
2281:ISBN
2256:OCLC
2246:ISBN
2225:OCLC
2215:ISBN
2195:OCLC
2185:ISBN
2145:LCCN
2117:OCLC
2107:ISBN
2081:OCLC
2071:ISBN
2051:OCLC
2041:ISBN
2022:ISBN
2003:ISBN
1986:OCLC
1957:OCLC
1947:ISBN
1923:OCLC
1913:ISBN
1865:ISBN
1759:ISBN
1734:ISBN
1679:ISBN
1634:ISBN
1597:2018
1551:ISBN
1470:OCLC
1460:ISBN
1365:link
1324:ISBN
1301:2018
1247:2016
1239:UCSD
1213:ISBN
1160:ISBN
1126:LCCN
1100:2018
1056:ISBN
1023:ISBN
972:ISBN
947:ISBN
669:The
442:Tula
417:and
314:The
283:and
264:IPA:
245:None
183:and
173:and
118:Male
93:the
291:in
287:of
140:, (
3452::
2397:.
2337:.
2289:.
2279:.
2254:.
2244:.
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