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hundred children represent the character of the solar region of the Aztecs in that the daily sunrise was viewed as a celestial battle against the moon (Coyolxauhqui) and the stars (Centzon
Huitznahua). Another version of the myth, found in the historical chronicles of Diego Duran and Alvarado Tezozomoc, tells the story with strong historical allusion and portrays two Aztec factions in ferocious battle. The leader of one group, Huitzilopochtli, defeats the warriors of a woman leader, Coyolxauh, and tears open their breasts and eats their hearts. Both versions tell of the origin of human sacrifice at the sacred place, Coatepec, during the rise of the Aztec nation and at the foundation of Tenochtitlan.
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Huitzilopochtli triumphed at the top of the mountain, while his sister was dismembered and fell to pieces below, so
Huitzilopochtli's temple and icon sat triumphantly at the top of the Templo Mayor while the carving of the dismembered goddess lay far below. This drama of sacrificial dismemberment was vividly repeated in some of the offerings found around the Coyolxauhqui stone in which the decapitated skulls of young women were placed. This would suggest that there was a ritual reenactment of the myth at the dedication of the stone sometime in the latter part of the fifteenth century.
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463:. These children, angered by the manner by which their mother became impregnated, conspired to kill her. Huitzilopochtli burst forth from his mother's womb in full armor and fully grown, or in other versions of the story, burst forth from the womb and immediately put on his gear. He attacked his older brothers and sister, defending his mother by beheading his sister and casting her body from the mountain top. He also chased after his brothers, who fled from him and became scattered all over the sky.
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pushed down the pyramid where the
Coyolxauhqui stone could be found. The Coyolxauhqui Stone recreates the story of Coyolxauhqui, Huitzilopochtli's sister who was dismembered at the base of a mountain, just as the sacrificial victims were. The body would be carried away and either cremated or given to the warrior responsible for the capture of the victim. He would either cut the body in pieces and send them to important people as an
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853:(November 9 to November 28) was the Aztec month dedicated to Huitzilopochtli. People decorated their homes and trees with paper flags; there were ritual races, processions, dances, songs, prayers, and finally human sacrifices. This was one of the more important Aztec festivals, and the people prepared for the whole month. They fasted or ate very little; a statue of the god was made with
612:(“the eagle’s people”). War was an important source of both human and material tribute. Human tribute was used for sacrificial purposes because human blood was believed to be extremely important, and thus powerful. According to Aztec mythology, Huitzilopochtli needed blood as sustenance in order to continue to keep his sister and many brothers at bay as he chased them through the sky.
1146:
there for six months of the year—the entire duration of the winter—nourishing itself with the essence of the tree. It appears to be dead, but at the advent of spring, when the tree acquires new life and gives forth new leaves, the little bird, with the aid of the tree's life, is reborn. It goes from there to breed, and consequently the
Indians say that it dies and is reborn.
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dedicated to
Huitzilopochtli, while the blue shrine to the north was dedicated to Tlaloc. That these two deities were on opposite sides of the Great Temple is very representative of the Aztec dichotomy that the deities represent. Tlaloc, as the rain god, represented fertility and growth, while Huitzilopochtli, as the sun god, represented war and sacrifice.
782:
707:, Huitzilopochtli was so bright that the warrior souls had to use their shields to protect their eyes. They could only see the god through the arrow holes in their shields, so it was the bravest warrior who could see him best. Warriors and women who died during childbirth were transformed into hummingbirds upon death and went to join Huitzilopochtli.
802:
gold, and jewels, and was hidden behind a curtain to give it more reverence and veneration. Another variation lists him having a face that was marked with yellow and blue stripes and he carries around the fire serpent
Xiuhcoatl with him. According to legend, the statue was supposed to be destroyed by the soldier
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761:. Many years later, Huitzilopochtli ordered the Aztecs to search for Copil's heart and build their city over it. The sign would be an eagle perched on a cactus, eating a precious serpent, and the place would become their permanent home. After much traveling, they arrived at the area which would eventually be
801:
or as an anthropomorphic figure with just the feathers of such on his head and left leg, a black face, and holding a scepter shaped like a snake and a mirror. According to the
Florentine Codex, Huitzilopochtli's body was painted blue. In the great temple his statue was decorated with cloth, feathers,
710:
As the precise studies of
Johanna Broda have shown, the creation myth consisted of “several layers of symbolism, ranging from a purely historical explanation to one in terms of cosmovision and possible astronomical content.” At one level, Huitzilopochtli's birth and victorious battle against the four
893:
For the reconsecration of Great
Pyramid of Tenochtitlan in 1487, dedicated to Tlaloc and Huitzilopochtli, the Aztecs reported that they sacrificed about 20,400 prisoners over the course of four days. While accepted by some scholars, this claim also has been considered Aztec propaganda. There were 19
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Many gods in the pantheon of deities of the Aztecs were inclined to have a fondness for a particular aspect of warfare. However, Huitzilopochtli was known as the primary god of war in ancient Mexico. Since he was the patron god of the Mexica, he was credited with both the victories and defeats that
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For six months of the year is dead, and for six it is alive. And, as I have said, when it feels that winter is coming, it goes to a perennial, leafy tree and with its natural instinct seeks out a crack. It stands upon a twig next to that crack, pushes its beak into it as far as possible, and stays
753:, who, according to legend, founded Malinalco, but the Aztecs resented her ruling and called back Huitzilopochtli. He put his sister to sleep and ordered the Aztecs to leave the place. When she woke up and realized she was alone, she became angry and desired revenge. She gave birth to a son called
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When the Aztecs sacrificed people to
Huitzilopochtli, the victim would be placed on a sacrificial stone. The priest would then cut through the abdomen with an obsidian or flint blade. The heart would be torn out still beating and held towards the sky in honor to the Sun-God. The body would then be
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He always had a blue-green hummingbird helmet in any of the depictions found. In fact, his hummingbird helmet was the one item that consistently defined him as Huitzilopochtli, the sun god, in artistic renderings. He is usually depicted as holding a shield adorned with balls of eagle feathers, a
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wrote, "These two gods were always meant to be together, since they were considered companions of equal power." The Templo Mayor consisted of a pyramidal platform, on top of which were twin temples, one painted with blue stripes and the other painted red. The red shrine, on the south side, was
596:
During the festival of Panquetzaliztli, of which Huitzilopochtli was the patron, sacrificial victims were adorned in the manner of Huitzilopochtli's costume and blue body paint, before their hearts would be sacrificially removed. Representations of Huitzilopochtli called teixiptla were also
684:
was found directly at the base of the stairway leading up to Huitzilopochtli's temple. On both sides of the stairway's base were two large grinning serpent heads. The image is clear. The Templo Mayor is the image of Coatepec or Serpent Mountain where the divine battle took place. Just as
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Huitzilopochtli is seen as the sun in mythology, while his many male siblings are perceived as the stars and his sister as the moon. In the Aztec worldview, this is the reason why the Sun is constantly chasing the Moon and stars. It is also why it was so important to provide tribute for
538:
by Rafael Tena and published by the National Institute of Anthropology and History of Mexico, the author gives the last day of the Nahuatl month Panquetzaliztli as the date of the celebration of the rebirth of the Lord Huitzilopochtli on top of Coatepec (Snake Hill); December 9 in the
523:
There were 18 especially holy festive days, and only one of them was dedicated to Huitzilopochtli. This celebration day, known as Toxcatl, falls within the fifteenth month of the Mexican calendar. During the festival, captives and slaves were brought forth and slain ceremoniously.
749:". Huitzilopochtli ordered them to abandon Aztlán and find a new home. He also ordered them never to call themselves Aztec; instead they should be called "Mexica." Huitzilopochtli guided them through the journey. For a time, Huitzilopochtli left them in the charge of his sister,
419:
There are a handful of origin mythologies describing the deity's beginnings. One story tells of the cosmic creation and Huitzilopochtli's role in it. According to this legend, he was the smallest son of four — his parents being the creator couple of the
516:, the solar god from the Nahua legend. Huitzilopochtli was said to be in a constant struggle with the darkness and required nourishment in the form of sacrifices to ensure the sun would survive the cycle of 52 years, which was the basis of many
654:
The most important and powerful structure in Tenochtitlan is the Templo Mayor. Its importance as the sacred center is reflected in the fact that it was enlarged frontally eleven times during the two hundred years of its existence. The
576:
Ritual Sacrifice and self bloodletting were key offerings. The Aztecs performed ritual self-sacrifice (also called autosacrifice or blood-letting) on a daily basis. The Aztecs believed that Huitzilopochtli needed daily nourishment
860:
seeds and honey, and at the end of the month, it was cut into small pieces so everybody could eat a little piece of the god. After the Spanish conquest, cultivation of amaranth was outlawed, while some of the festivities were
444:("Smoking Mirror"). His mother and father instructed him and Quetzalcoatl to bring order to the world. Together, Huitzilopochtli and Quetzalcoatl created fire, the first male and female humans, the Earth, and the Sun.
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701:, in this new vision from Tlacaelel, the warriors that died in battle and women who died in childbirth would go to serve Huitzilopochtli in his palace (in the south, or left). From a description in the
1089:'parte izquierda' es el modificado y no el modificador por estar a la derecha, por lo que la traducción literal sería 'parte izquierda de colibrí', ver por ejemplo, F. Karttunen (1983), p. 91
341:
was common in worship ceremonies. These took place frequently throughout the region. When performed, typically multiple victims were sacrificed per day at any one of the numerous temples.
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Huitzilopochtli as sustenance for the Sun. If Huitzilopochtli did not have enough strength to battle his siblings, they would destroy their mother and thus the world.
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Diaz says that upon hearing of Cortezes’ victory over the Cholullans he immediately ordered a number of Indians to be sacrificed to the warrior god Huitzilopochtli.
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531:, Aztecs believed that they could give strength to Huitzilopochtli with human blood and thereby postpone the end of the world, at least for another 52 years.
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878:, in Tenochtitlan approximately sixty prisoners were sacrificed at the festivities. Sacrifices were reported to be made in other Aztec cities, including
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2010:
Codex Chimalpahin, Volume 2: Society and Politics in Mexico Tenochtitlan, Tlatelolco, Texcoco, Culhuacan, and Other Nahua Altepetl in Central Mexico
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Codex Chimalpahin, Volume 2: Society and Politics in Mexico Tenochtitlan, Tlatelolco, Texcoco, Culhuacan, and Other Nahua Altepetl in Central Mexico
1837:
81:
Blue Tezcatlipoca, Omiteotl, Mextli, Mexi, Huitzitlon, Huitzilton, Tzintzuni, Huitzi, Huichilobos, Vichilobos, Opochtli, Inaquizcoatl-Tezcatlipoca
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aunque el término ha sido traducido habitualmente como 'colibrí zurdo' o 'colibrí del sur', existe desacuerdo entorno al significado ya que el
581:) in the form of human blood and hearts and that they, as “people of the sun,” were required to provide Huitzilopochtli with his sustenance.
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There continues to be disagreement about the full significance of Huītzilōpōchtli's name. Generally it is agreed that there are two elements,
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757:. When he grew up, he confronted Huitzilopochtli, who had to kill him. Huitzilopochtli then took his heart out and threw it in the middle of
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the Mexica people had on the battlefield. The people had to make sacrifices to him to protect the Aztec from infinite night.
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365:"left hand side." The name is often translated as "Left-Handed Hummingbird" or "Hummingbird of the South" on the basis that
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worshipped, the most significant being the one at the Templo Mayor which was made of dough mixed with sacrificial blood.
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1995:. Brinton's Library of Aboriginal American Literature, No. VIII (in English and Nāhuatl). Philadelphia: D.G. Brinton.
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An imaginative European depiction of an Aztec shrine. The idol of Huitzilopochtli is seated in the background. (1602)
459:). Her other children, who were already fully grown, were the four hundred male Centzonuitznaua and the female deity
412:
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Handbook of Mesoamerican Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Heroes, Rituals, and Beliefs of Mexico and Central America
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in the 1530s, only to be lost again. There is speculation that the statue still exists in a cave somewhere in the
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3255:
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2252:
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Boone, Elizabeth. "Incarnations of the Aztec Supernatural: The Image of Huitzilopochtli in Mexico and Europe".
803:
452:
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527:
Every 52 years, the Nahuas feared the world would end as the other four creations of their legends had. Under
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Mesoamerican Mythologies: A Guide to the Gods, Heroes, Rituals, and Beliefs of Mexico and Central America
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727:; An eagle representing Huitzilopochtli, which exhales the atl-tlachinolli (war symbol), is perched on a
429:
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2327:
2173:
Klein, Cecelia, F. (2008). "A New Interpretation of the Aztec Statue Called Coatlicue, 'Snakes-Her-Skirt
913:
879:
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2950:
2191:
The Gods and Symbols of Ancient Mexico and the Maya: An Illustrated Dictionary of Mesoamerican Religion
1870:
Mesoamerican Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Heroes, Rituals, and Beliefs of Mexico and Central America
1845:
1684:
Mesoamerican Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Heroes, Rituals, and Beliefs of Mexico and Central America
1329:
Mesoamerican Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Heroes, Rituals, and Beliefs of Mexico and Central America
1165:
Mesoamerican Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Heroes, Rituals, and Beliefs of Mexico and Central America
565:
451:, being impregnated as she was sweeping by a ball of feathers on Mount Coatepec ("Serpent Hill"; near
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does. He writes, "It appears to be dead, but at the advent of spring, ... the little bird is reborn."
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Elzey, Wayne (1991). "A Hill on a Land Surrounded by Water: An Aztec Story of Origin and Destiny".
230:
384:, implying that a more accurate translation may be "the left (or south) side of the hummingbird".
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Cacería, Sacrificio y Poder en Mesoamérica: Tras las Huellas de Mixcóatl, 'Serpiente de Nube'
890:, but the number is unknown, and no currently available archeological findings confirm this.
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956:(in Spanish). Editorial Porrúa. pp. 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202.
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Codex Telleriano-Remensis: Ritual, Divination, and History in a Pictorial Aztec Manuscript
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Incarnations of the Aztec Supernatural: The Image of Huitzilopochtli in Mexico and Europe
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describes what appears to be the hummingbird hibernating in a tree, somewhat like the
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1952:. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, vol. 79 part 2. Philadelphia:
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1985:
Rig Veda Americanus. Sacred Songs of the Ancient Mexicans, with a Gloss in Nahuatl
322:, the fire serpent, as a weapon, thus also associating Huitzilopochtli with fire.
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Quetzalcoatl and the Irony of Empire: Myths and Prophecies in the Aztec Tradition
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Quetzalcoatl and the irony of empire: myths and prophecies in the Aztec tradition
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2398:(4th University of Texas printing ed.). Austin: University of Texas Press.
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homage to his mother and the story of his birth. He also holds the blue snake,
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Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain, 13 vols. in 12
2305:
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1971:
1937:
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Warriors who died in battle or as sacrifices to Huitzilopochtli were called
548:
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448:
319:
299:
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195:
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1245:"Readings in Classical Nahuatl: The Murders of Coatlicue and Coyolxauhqui"
862:
2844:
2829:
2824:
2809:
2704:
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1983:
854:
735:
There are several legends and myths of Huitzilopochtli. According to the
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2116:(6th printing (1973) ed.). Harmondsworth, England: Penguin Books.
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reformed their religion and put Huitzilopochtli at the same level as
489:
152:
42:
1560:. Boulder, Colorado: The University of Chicago Press. p. 167.
1417:"Huitzilopochtli | Aztec God of War & Sun Worship | Britannica"
2458:
2029:
Cosmovision, Ritual E Identidad de Los Pueblos Indigenas de Mexico
1741:
Cosmovision, Ritual E Identidad de Los Pueblos Indigenas de Mexico
837:
810:. The statue appeared some years later during an investigation by
772:
728:
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311:
148:
105:
47:
512:, making him a solar god. Through this, Huitzilopochtli replaced
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2159:
1249:
1140:
128:
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1643:. Boulder, Colorado: University of Chicago Press. p. 167.
745:. They lived under the ruling of a powerful elite called the "
2370:(online reproduction ed.). London: G. G. Harrap and Co.
2224:. Michel Besson (illus.). Austin: University of Texas Press.
387:
The hummingbird was spiritually important in Aztec culture.
1922:(revised ed.). Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
765:
on an island in the Lago Texcoco of the Valley of Mexico.
369:
associated the south with the left hand side of the body.
1290:"The Birth of Huitzilopochtli, Patron God of the Aztecs"
360:
350:
1131:. Translated by Fernando Horcasitas and Doris Heyden.
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tribe. Originally, he was of little importance to the
659:
of Tenochtitlan was dedicated to Huitzilopochtli and
436:("Precious Serpent" or "Quetzal-Feathered Serpent"),
2008:
de San Anton Munon Chimalpahin, Don Domingo (1997).
1764:
de San Anton Munon Chimalpahin, Don Domingo (1997).
1551:
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1547:
3108:
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1817:
1815:
797:, Huitzilopochtli could be represented either as a
252:
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174:
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159:
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134:
124:
114:
85:
77:
32:
2426:(online version, incorporating reproductions from
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1681:
1519:Transactions of the American Philosophical Society
1326:
1162:
2330:(eds., trans., notes and illus.) (translation of
741:, the Aztecs originally came from a place called
2332:Historia General de las Cosas de la Nueva España
1874:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 195.
1688:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 193.
1444:Historia General de las Cosas de la Nueva España
1333:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 194.
1169:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 193.
947:
945:
943:
941:
939:
937:
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933:
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447:Another origin story tells of a fierce goddess,
1808:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 193.
1269:
1267:
1156:
1154:
849:described the festivities for Huitzilopochtli.
731:. Teocalli of the Sacred War, sculpted in 1325.
39:God of war and will, Lord of the Sun and fire.
2428:Dictionnaire de la langue nahuatl ou mexicaine
2474:
2423:"Dictionnaire de la langue nahuatl classique"
2334: ed.). Santa Fe, NM and Salt Lake City:
1666:The True History of the Conquest of New Spain
1500:La flor letal: economía del sacrificio azteca
1029:The True History of The Conquest of New Spain
8:
2278:Read, Kay Almere; Jason J. González (2002).
1826:. Miguel Leon-Portilla. Book III, Chapter 1.
1032:. Hackett Publishing Company, Incorporated.
1793:. London: Thames & Hudson. p. 187.
1728:. London: Thames & Hudson. p. 204.
1713:. London: Thames & Hudson. p. 211.
1625:. London: Thames & Hudson. p. 221.
1278:. London: Thames & Hudson. p. 217.
1194:. London: Thames & Hudson. p. 216.
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2012:. Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press.
1768:. Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press.
1374:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
981:(in Spanish). Fondo de Cultura Económica.
488:Huitzilopochtli was the patron god of the
63:
1061:. University of Oklahoma Press. pp.
2146:. Translated by Fernando Horcasitas and
2050:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
1838:"Who Are the Deities of War and Battle?"
1641:Quetzalcoatl and the Irony of the Empire
1558:Quetzalcoatl and the Irony of the Empire
1469:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
780:
777:Huitzilopochtli in the Codex Borbonicus.
3366:Romances de los señores de Nueva España
925:
614:
604:Prisoners for sacrifice were decorated.
2249:Time and Sacrifice in the Aztec Cosmos
1367:
1211:The History of the Indies of New Spain
277:
29:
2078:Mexico: From the Olmecs to the Aztecs
1842:About.com Religion & Spirituality
1791:Mexico: From the Olmecs to the Aztecs
1726:Mexico: From the Olmecs to the Aztecs
1711:Mexico: From the Olmecs to the Aztecs
1623:Mexico: From the Olmecs to the Aztecs
1411:
1409:
1276:Mexico: From the Olmecs to the Aztecs
1243:Jordan, David K. (January 23, 2016).
1192:Mexico: From the Olmecs to the Aztecs
806:, but it was rescued by a man called
536:El Calendario Mexica y la Cronografia
7:
2449:The Gods and Goddesses of the Aztecs
894:altars in the city of Tenochtitlan.
496:, but after the rise of the Aztecs,
479:Huitzilopochtli, as depicted in the
1896:"God of the Month: Huitzilopochtli"
1057:An Analytical Dictionary of Nahuatl
547:with the variant of December 18 in
69:Huitzilopochtli as depicted in the
2338:and the University of Utah Press.
2112:. Penguin Classics. Translated by
2031:. Fondo de Cultura Economica USA.
1993:EBook #14993, online reproduction)
1743:. Fondo de Cultura Economica USA.
723:The founding of the Aztec capital
25:
3261:Lienzo de Coixtlahuaca I & II
2506:: Ometēcuthli and Omecihuātl (or
1920:Introduction to Classical Nahuatl
1026:Bernal Diaz del Castillo (2012).
2521:
909:Human sacrifice in Aztec culture
826:, in his hand in the form of an
632:
624:Human sacrifice as shown in the
617:
569:Human sacrifice depicted in the
561:Human sacrifice in Aztec culture
3436:Codex Vindobonensis Mexicanus I
3316:Oztoticpac Lands Map of Texcoco
3266:Lienzo de Santa María Nativitas
2194:. London: Thames & Hudson.
2080:. London: Thames & Hudson.
1306:from the original on 2022-10-09
589:, or use the pieces for ritual
279:[wiːt͡siloːˈpoːt͡ʃt͡ɬi]
3276:Lienzo de Zacatepec I & II
2454:Short description and an image
1954:American Philosophical Society
954:Diccionario de Mitología Nahoa
1:
663:, the rain god. 16th century
333:. During their discovery and
329:recorded the deity's name as
2367:The Myths of Mexico and Peru
2152:University of Oklahoma Press
1918:Andrews, J. Richard (2003).
1911:General and cited references
1498:Duverger, Christian (2005).
1220:University of Oklahoma Press
1133:University of Oklahoma Press
335:conquest of the Aztec Empire
3411:Historia Tolteca-Chichimeca
3271:Lienzo de Santiago Ihuitlan
2336:School of American Research
1053:Karttunen, Frances (1992).
3510:
3371:Codex Santa Maria Asunción
3151:Boban Aztec Calendar Wheel
1664:Diaz de Castillo, Bernal.
1600:World History Encyclopedia
1536:Smith, Michael E. (2011).
1504:Fondo de Cultura Económica
952:Cecilio A. Robelo (1905).
558:
432:) while his brothers were
3386:Codex Telleriano-Remensis
3176:Mapas de Cuauhtinchan 1-4
3146:Codices Becker I & II
2519:
2247:Read, Kay Almere (1998).
2109:The Conquest of New Spain
2104:Díaz del Castillo, Bernal
1866:Read, Key Almere (2000).
1804:Read, Kay Almere (2000).
1680:Read, Kay Almere (2000).
1360:. Philadelphia. pp.
1325:Read, Kay Almere (2000).
1161:Read, Kay Almere (2000).
804:Gil González de Benavides
440:("Our Lord Flayed"), and
314:and their capital city,
62:
54:
37:
27:Aztec war and solar deity
3326:Plano en papel de maguey
3136:Codices Azoyú I & II
2436:(in French and Nāhuatl).
2253:Indiana University Press
2046:Carrasco, David (1982).
1789:Coe, Michael D. (2008).
1724:Coe, Michael D. (2008).
1709:Coe, Michael D. (2008).
1639:Carrasco, David (1982).
1621:Coe, Michael D. (2008).
1556:Carrasco, David (1982).
1540:. John Wiley & Sons.
1465:Carrasco, David (1982).
1354:Brinton, Daniel (1890).
1274:Coe, Michael D. (2008).
1190:Coe, Michael D. (2008).
1104:Encyclopaedia Britannica
977:Guilhem Olivier (2015).
3121:Aubin Manuscript no. 20
2421:Wimmer, Alexis (2006).
2288:Oxford University Press
2286:. Oxford and New York:
2027:Broda, Johanna (2001).
1739:Broda, Johanna (2001).
715:Origins of Tenochtitlan
361:
351:
270:
3256:Lienzo Antonio de León
2314:Sahagún, Bernardino de
2218:Quiñones Keber, Eloise
2144:Book of Gods and Rites
1582:Book of Gods and Rites
1129:Book of Gods and Rites
904:History of Mexico City
843:
790:
778:
732:
676:The Coyolxauhqui stone
605:
573:
543:or December 19 in the
485:
416:
380:compounds are usually
3416:Codex Totomixtlahuaca
3356:Relación de Michoacán
3306:Códice Maya de México
3291:Matrícula de Tributos
3216:Codex Fejérváry-Mayer
2661:Tlāhuizcalpantecuhtli
2328:Arthur J. O. Anderson
2076:; Rex Koontz (2008).
1946:Boone, Elizabeth Hill
1822:Sahagún, Bernardino.
1440:Bernardino de Sahagún
914:List of solar deities
841:
784:
776:
722:
603:
568:
478:
413:Codex Fejérváry-Mayer
406:
3477:Mesoamerican deities
3446:Codex Zouche-Nuttall
3396:Anales de Tlatelolco
3286:Codex Magliabechiano
2536:(Four Tezcatlipocas)
2395:Aztec and Maya Myths
2177:" Ethnohistory 55(2)
2168:History of Religions
1394:www.mexicolore.co.uk
785:Xiuhtecuhtli in the
699:Miguel León-Portilla
626:Codex Magliabechiano
3336:Codex Porfirio Díaz
3331:Primeros Memoriales
3246:Codex Ixtlilxochitl
3241:Humboldt fragment 1
3231:Códice de Huichapan
3141:Badianus Manuscript
3095:The Stinking Corpse
1357:Rig Veda Americanus
1297:Porteau High School
747:Azteca Chicomoztoca
376:points out that in
231:Centzon Huitznahuac
99:Ilhuicatl-Xoxoauhco
3301:Crónica Mexicayotl
3186:Codex Chimalpopoca
2775:Itzpapalotlcihuatl
2755:Huitztlampaehecatl
2616:Tezcatlipoca (see
2582:Lords of the Night
1980:Brinton, Daniel G.
1593:Cartwright, Mark.
1421:www.britannica.com
844:
791:
779:
733:
682:Coyolxauhqui stone
606:
574:
545:Gregorian calendar
518:Mesoamerican myths
486:
417:
337:, they wrote that
306:. He was also the
245:(Codex Azcatitlan)
233:(Codex Florentine)
198:(Codex Florentine)
93:Ilhuicatl-Teteocan
41:Patron god of the
3454:
3453:
3431:Codex Vaticanus B
3391:Tira de Tepechpan
3236:Codex Huexotzinco
3181:Codex Chimalpahin
3100:Use of entheogens
3067:Tlillan-Tlapallan
2961:Centzon Tōtōchtin
2956:Centzonhuītznāhua
2682:Acuecueyotl (see
2537:
2405:978-0-292-78130-6
2345:978-0-87480-082-1
2324:Charles E. Dibble
2297:978-0-19-514909-8
2262:978-0-253-33400-8
2231:978-0-292-76901-4
2201:978-0-500-05068-2
2123:978-0-14-044123-9
2087:978-0-500-28755-2
2057:978-0-226-09487-8
2038:978-968-16-6178-6
2019:978-0-8061-2950-1
1991:Project Gutenberg
1963:978-0-87169-792-9
1929:978-0-8061-3452-9
1881:978-0-19-514909-8
1695:978-0-19-514909-8
1595:"Huitzilopochtli"
1506:. pp. 83–93.
1446:(op. cit.), p. 76
1340:978-0-19-514909-8
1229:978-0-8061-2649-4
1208:(October 1994) .
1206:Durán, Fray Diego
1176:978-0-19-514909-8
1100:"Huitzilopochtli"
1072:978-0-8061-2421-6
1039:978-1-60384-817-6
988:978-607-16-3216-6
872:According to the
378:Classical Nahuatl
374:Frances Karttunen
267:Classical Nahuatl
260:
259:
223:(Codex Zumarraga)
188:(Codex Zumarraga)
16:(Redirected from
3499:
3401:Codex Tlatelolco
3221:Codex Florentine
3161:Codex Borbonicus
3131:Codex Azcatitlan
3126:Aubin Tonalamatl
3057:Thirteen Heavens
2820:Mictlanpachecatl
2780:Itzpapalotltotec
2700:Chalchiuhtotolin
2641:Lords of the Day
2535:
2525:
2483:
2476:
2469:
2460:
2437:
2435:
2417:
2385:
2383:
2382:
2357:
2309:
2285:
2274:
2243:
2213:
2176:
2163:
2135:
2099:
2069:
2042:
2023:
2004:
1994:
1975:
1941:
1904:
1903:
1892:
1886:
1885:
1873:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1853:
1844:. Archived from
1834:
1828:
1827:
1824:Florentine Codex
1819:
1810:
1809:
1801:
1795:
1794:
1786:
1780:
1779:
1761:
1755:
1754:
1736:
1730:
1729:
1721:
1715:
1714:
1706:
1700:
1699:
1687:
1677:
1671:
1669:
1661:
1655:
1654:
1636:
1627:
1626:
1618:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1590:
1584:
1578:
1572:
1571:
1553:
1542:
1541:
1533:
1527:
1526:
1514:
1508:
1507:
1495:
1489:
1488:
1462:
1456:
1453:
1447:
1437:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1427:
1413:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1400:
1390:"Self-sacrifice"
1386:
1380:
1379:
1373:
1365:
1351:
1345:
1344:
1332:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1305:
1294:
1286:
1280:
1279:
1271:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1240:
1234:
1233:
1214:. Translated by
1202:
1196:
1195:
1187:
1181:
1180:
1168:
1158:
1149:
1148:
1121:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1096:
1090:
1083:
1077:
1076:
1060:
1050:
1044:
1043:
1023:
1017:
1016:
1014:
1013:
999:
993:
992:
974:
968:
967:
949:
812:Bishop Zummáraga
704:Florentine Codex
650:The Templo Mayor
636:
621:
364:
354:
289:
288:
287:
281:
276:
237:Centzon Mimixcoa
101:(Seventh Heaven)
95:(Twelfth Heaven)
71:Codex Borbonicus
67:
30:
21:
3509:
3508:
3502:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3497:
3496:
3467:Avian humanoids
3457:
3456:
3455:
3450:
3296:Codex Mexicanus
3226:Codex Huamantla
3201:Codex Cozcatzin
3191:Codex Colombino
3104:
3082:
3076:
3000:
2951:Centzonmīmixcōa
2934:
2785:Itztlacoliuhqui
2684:Chalchiuhtlicue
2607:Piltzintecuhtli
2592:Chalchiuhtlicue
2568:
2544:Huītzilōpōchtli
2534:
2526:
2517:
2492:
2490:Aztec mythology
2487:
2445:
2440:
2425:
2420:
2406:
2388:
2380:
2378:
2360:
2346:
2322:. vols. I-XII.
2312:
2298:
2277:
2263:
2251:. Bloomington:
2246:
2232:
2216:
2202:
2180:
2174:
2138:
2124:
2102:
2088:
2074:Coe, Michael D.
2072:
2058:
2045:
2039:
2026:
2020:
2007:
1988:
1978:
1964:
1944:
1930:
1917:
1913:
1908:
1907:
1894:
1893:
1889:
1882:
1865:
1864:
1860:
1851:
1849:
1836:
1835:
1831:
1821:
1820:
1813:
1803:
1802:
1798:
1788:
1787:
1783:
1776:
1763:
1762:
1758:
1751:
1738:
1737:
1733:
1723:
1722:
1718:
1708:
1707:
1703:
1696:
1679:
1678:
1674:
1663:
1662:
1658:
1651:
1638:
1637:
1630:
1620:
1619:
1615:
1605:
1603:
1592:
1591:
1587:
1579:
1575:
1568:
1555:
1554:
1545:
1535:
1534:
1530:
1516:
1515:
1511:
1497:
1496:
1492:
1477:
1464:
1463:
1459:
1454:
1450:
1438:
1434:
1425:
1423:
1415:
1414:
1407:
1398:
1396:
1388:
1387:
1383:
1366:
1353:
1352:
1348:
1341:
1324:
1323:
1319:
1309:
1307:
1303:
1292:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1273:
1272:
1265:
1255:
1253:
1242:
1241:
1237:
1230:
1222:. p. 584.
1204:
1203:
1199:
1189:
1188:
1184:
1177:
1160:
1159:
1152:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1108:
1106:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1084:
1080:
1073:
1052:
1051:
1047:
1040:
1025:
1024:
1020:
1011:
1009:
1001:
1000:
996:
989:
976:
975:
971:
964:
951:
950:
927:
922:
900:
851:Panquetzaliztli
836:
771:
717:
691:
678:
652:
645:
637:
628:
622:
579:tlaxcaltiliztli
563:
557:
541:Julian calendar
473:
401:
393:common poorwill
367:Aztec cosmology
347:
339:human sacrifice
284:
283:
282:
274:
271:Huītzilōpōchtli
263:Huitzilopochtli
248:
239:(Codex Ramirez)
201:
164:Panquetzaliztli
110:
73:
50:
33:Huitzilopochtli
28:
23:
22:
18:Huitzilopochtli
15:
12:
11:
5:
3507:
3506:
3503:
3495:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3459:
3458:
3452:
3451:
3449:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3426:Anales de Tula
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3341:Mapa Quinatzin
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3171:Codex Boturini
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3112:
3110:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3086:
3084:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3034:
3032:Huēyi Teōcalli
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3008:
3006:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2942:
2940:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2805:Malinalxochitl
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2680:
2675:
2674:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2651:Mictēcacihuātl
2648:
2638:
2637:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2602:Mictlāntēcutli
2599:
2594:
2589:
2578:
2576:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2566:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2540:
2538:
2528:
2527:
2520:
2518:
2516:
2515:
2508:Tōnacātēcuhtli
2500:
2498:
2494:
2493:
2488:
2486:
2485:
2478:
2471:
2463:
2457:
2456:
2451:
2444:
2443:External links
2441:
2439:
2438:
2418:
2404:
2390:Taube, Karl A.
2386:
2358:
2344:
2310:
2296:
2275:
2261:
2244:
2230:
2214:
2200:
2178:
2171:
2170:31(2): 105–149
2164:
2136:
2122:
2100:
2086:
2070:
2056:
2043:
2037:
2024:
2018:
2005:
1982:, ed. (1890).
1976:
1962:
1942:
1928:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1887:
1880:
1858:
1829:
1811:
1796:
1781:
1774:
1756:
1749:
1731:
1716:
1701:
1694:
1672:
1668:. p. 206.
1656:
1650:978-0226094878
1649:
1628:
1613:
1585:
1573:
1567:978-0226094878
1566:
1543:
1528:
1509:
1490:
1476:978-0226094878
1475:
1457:
1455:Sahagún, Ibid.
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1432:
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1317:
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1263:
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906:
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816:Anahuac Valley
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767:
751:Malinalxochitl
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687:
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559:Main article:
556:
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426:Tōnacātēcuhtli
400:
399:Origin stories
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304:Aztec religion
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243:Malinalxochitl
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2:
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3492:Tutelary gods
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3464:
3462:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3381:Mapa Sigüenza
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3346:Codex Ramírez
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3206:Codex Dresden
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3107:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3079:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3042:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3003:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2981:Ehecatotontli
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2937:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2800:Macuilxochitl
2798:
2796:
2795:Macuiltochtli
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2765:Ilamatecuhtli
2763:
2761:
2760:Huixtocihuatl
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2725:Cihuatecayotl
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2685:
2681:
2679:
2678:Acolnahuacatl
2676:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2643:
2642:
2639:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2619:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2584:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2575:
2571:
2564:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2533:
2529:
2524:
2513:
2512:Tōnacācihuātl
2509:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2484:
2479:
2477:
2472:
2470:
2465:
2464:
2461:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2442:
2433:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2401:
2397:
2396:
2391:
2387:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2368:
2363:
2362:Spence, Lewis
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2320:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2293:
2289:
2284:
2283:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2197:
2193:
2192:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2172:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2110:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2053:
2049:
2044:
2040:
2034:
2030:
2025:
2021:
2015:
2011:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1992:
1987:
1986:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1925:
1921:
1916:
1915:
1910:
1901:
1897:
1891:
1888:
1883:
1877:
1872:
1871:
1862:
1859:
1848:on 2011-09-18
1847:
1843:
1839:
1833:
1830:
1825:
1818:
1816:
1812:
1807:
1800:
1797:
1792:
1785:
1782:
1777:
1775:9780806129501
1771:
1767:
1760:
1757:
1752:
1750:9789681661786
1746:
1742:
1735:
1732:
1727:
1720:
1717:
1712:
1705:
1702:
1697:
1691:
1686:
1685:
1676:
1673:
1667:
1660:
1657:
1652:
1646:
1642:
1635:
1633:
1629:
1624:
1617:
1614:
1602:
1601:
1596:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1580:Diego Durán,
1577:
1574:
1569:
1563:
1559:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1544:
1539:
1532:
1529:
1524:
1520:
1513:
1510:
1505:
1501:
1494:
1491:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1472:
1468:
1461:
1458:
1452:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1436:
1433:
1422:
1418:
1412:
1410:
1406:
1395:
1391:
1385:
1382:
1377:
1371:
1363:
1359:
1358:
1350:
1347:
1342:
1336:
1331:
1330:
1321:
1318:
1302:
1298:
1291:
1285:
1282:
1277:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1252:
1251:
1246:
1239:
1236:
1231:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1216:Heyden, Doris
1213:
1212:
1207:
1201:
1198:
1193:
1186:
1183:
1178:
1172:
1167:
1166:
1157:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1120:
1117:
1105:
1101:
1095:
1092:
1088:
1082:
1079:
1074:
1068:
1064:
1059:
1058:
1049:
1046:
1041:
1035:
1031:
1030:
1022:
1019:
1008:
1004:
998:
995:
990:
984:
980:
973:
970:
965:
963:970-07-3149-9
959:
955:
948:
946:
944:
942:
940:
938:
936:
934:
932:
930:
926:
919:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
901:
897:
895:
891:
889:
885:
881:
877:
876:
875:Ramírez Codex
870:
869:celebration.
868:
864:
859:
856:
852:
848:
840:
833:
831:
829:
825:
819:
817:
813:
809:
805:
800:
796:
788:
783:
775:
768:
766:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
739:
730:
726:
721:
714:
712:
708:
706:
705:
700:
697:According to
695:
688:
686:
683:
675:
673:
670:
666:
662:
658:
649:
643:
642:
635:
630:
627:
620:
615:
613:
611:
602:
598:
594:
592:
588:
582:
580:
572:
567:
562:
554:
552:
550:
546:
542:
537:
532:
530:
525:
521:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
484:
483:
477:
470:
468:
464:
462:
458:
454:
450:
445:
443:
439:
435:
431:
430:Tōnacācihuātl
427:
423:
414:
410:
409:Tezcatlipocas
407:Blue and Red
405:
398:
396:
394:
390:
385:
383:
379:
375:
370:
368:
363:
358:
353:
344:
342:
340:
336:
332:
328:
323:
321:
318:. He wielded
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
286:
280:
272:
268:
264:
255:
251:
244:
241:
238:
235:
232:
228:
225:
222:
218:
214:
211:
210:
208:
204:
197:
193:
190:
187:
183:
180:
179:
177:
173:
168:
165:
162:
158:
154:
150:
147:
143:
140:
137:
133:
130:
127:
123:
120:
117:
113:
107:
103:
100:
97:
94:
91:
90:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
66:
61:
58:
57:Tezcatlipocas
53:
49:
46:Ruler of the
45:
44:
36:
31:
19:
3441:Codex Xolotl
3421:Codex Tudela
3406:Mapa Tloztin
3281:Codex Madrid
3166:Codex Borgia
3156:Codex Bodley
3081:Beliefs and
3040:
2996:Xiuhtotontli
2925:Yacatecuhtli
2905:Xōchiquetzal
2865:Tlacotzontli
2855:Temazcalteci
2850:Tēcciztēcatl
2750:Huēhuecoyōtl
2740:Coyolxāuhqui
2710:Chicomecōātl
2683:
2666:Tlaltecuhtli
2634:Xiuhtecuhtli
2618:Creator gods
2617:
2554:Tezcatlipoca
2549:Quetzalcoatl
2543:
2532:Creator gods
2427:
2394:
2379:. Retrieved
2366:
2331:
2318:
2316:(1950–82) .
2281:
2248:
2221:
2190:
2182:Miller, Mary
2167:
2148:Doris Heyden
2143:
2108:
2077:
2047:
2028:
2009:
1984:
1949:
1919:
1899:
1890:
1869:
1861:
1850:. Retrieved
1846:the original
1841:
1832:
1823:
1805:
1799:
1790:
1784:
1765:
1759:
1740:
1734:
1725:
1719:
1710:
1704:
1683:
1675:
1665:
1659:
1640:
1622:
1616:
1604:. Retrieved
1598:
1588:
1581:
1576:
1557:
1537:
1531:
1522:
1518:
1512:
1499:
1493:
1466:
1460:
1451:
1443:
1435:
1424:. Retrieved
1420:
1397:. Retrieved
1393:
1384:
1356:
1349:
1328:
1320:
1308:. Retrieved
1296:
1284:
1275:
1254:. Retrieved
1248:
1238:
1210:
1200:
1191:
1185:
1164:
1144:
1128:
1119:
1107:. Retrieved
1103:
1094:
1086:
1081:
1056:
1048:
1028:
1021:
1010:. Retrieved
1006:
997:
978:
972:
953:
892:
873:
871:
857:
845:
820:
792:
787:Codex Borgia
763:Tenochtitlan
759:Lake Texcoco
736:
734:
729:nopal cactus
725:Tenochtitlan
709:
702:
696:
692:
679:
657:Great Temple
653:
641:Codex Tudela
639:
609:
607:
595:
583:
578:
575:
535:
534:In the book
533:
526:
522:
510:Tezcatlipoca
502:Quetzalcoatl
487:
480:
465:
461:Coyolxauhqui
446:
442:Tezcatlipōca
434:Quetzalcōātl
418:
386:
371:
348:
330:
324:
316:Tenochtitlan
262:
261:
227:Coyolxauhqui
221:Tezcatlipoca
213:Quetzalcoatl
145:Ethnic group
40:
3376:Selden Roll
3351:Codex Reese
3321:Paris Codex
3311:Codex Osuna
3211:Codex Durán
3196:Codex Cospi
3116:Aubin Codex
3052:Teotihuacan
3027:Chicomoztoc
2986:Tiānquiztli
2930:Zacatzontli
2910:Xochitlicue
2870:Tlalocayotl
2860:Tepoztēcatl
2770:Ītzpāpālōtl
2656:Nanahuatzin
2629:Tlazōlteōtl
2612:Tepēyōllōtl
2497:Primordials
2432:Rémi Siméon
2140:Diego Durán
2114:J. M. Cohen
1125:Diego Durán
1003:"The Teteo"
847:Diego Durán
799:hummingbird
795:iconography
793:In art and
769:Iconography
738:Aubin Codex
669:Diego Durán
591:cannibalism
514:Nanahuatzin
482:Codex Tovar
389:Diego Durán
357:hummingbird
331:Huichilobos
182:Ometecuhtli
139:Mesoamerica
119:Hummingbird
78:Other names
3482:Solar gods
3472:Aztec gods
3461:Categories
3361:Codex Ríos
3251:Codex Laud
3047:Tamoanchan
3041:Underworld
3022:Cemanahuac
2991:Tzitzimitl
2971:Cihuateteo
2946:Ahuiateteo
2900:Xōchipilli
2730:Cipactonal
2720:Cihuacōātl
2646:Citlālicue
2559:Xipe Totec
2381:2008-05-14
2186:Karl Taube
2096:2008901003
2066:0226094871
1900:Mexicolore
1852:2017-02-11
1538:The Aztecs
1426:2023-06-20
1399:2023-06-20
1256:August 12,
1012:2023-06-20
884:Xochimilco
880:Tlatelolco
571:Codex Laud
549:leap years
438:Xīpe Tōtec
382:head final
308:patron god
217:Xipe-Totec
186:Omecihuatl
3090:Five Suns
2976:Civateteo
2890:Tonantzin
2885:Toltecatl
2790:Ixtlilton
2735:Cōātlīcue
2132:162351797
2106:(1963) .
1370:cite book
920:Citations
867:Christmas
865:into the
858:(huautli)
824:Xiuhcoatl
808:Tlatolatl
689:Mythology
665:Dominican
610:quauhteca
555:Sacrifice
529:Tlacaelel
498:Tlacaelel
449:Coatlicue
372:However,
352:huītzilin
345:Etymology
327:Spaniards
320:Xiuhcoatl
300:sacrifice
296:war deity
290:) is the
196:Coatlicue
170:Genealogy
160:Festivals
3487:War gods
3083:practice
3062:Tlālōcān
2966:Cintēteo
2845:Patecatl
2830:Opochtli
2825:Mixcoatl
2810:Mayahuel
2715:Chīmalmā
2705:Chantico
2695:Atlacoya
2671:Tōnatiuh
2597:Cinteotl
2587:Centeōtl
2563:Camaxtle
2504:Ōmeteōtl
2414:29124568
2392:(1993).
2364:(1913).
2306:77857686
2271:37909790
2240:29600936
2220:(1995).
2210:27667317
2188:(1993).
2160:73-88147
2142:(1971).
1972:20141678
1948:(1989).
1938:50090230
1301:Archived
1141:73-88147
1127:(1971).
1087:ōpōchtli
898:See also
863:subsumed
855:amaranth
834:Calendar
587:offering
422:Ōmeteōtl
362:ōpōchtli
253:Children
206:Siblings
192:Mixcoatl
3109:Codices
3037:Mictlān
3012:Anahuac
2895:Xilonen
2875:Tlilhua
2835:Oxomoco
2815:Metztli
2745:Ehecatl
2690:Atlahua
2574:Deities
2001:6979651
1485:8626972
1007:Teochan
888:Texcoco
471:History
457:Hidalgo
411:in the
310:of the
175:Parents
3072:Tōllān
3017:Aztlán
3005:Places
2939:Groups
2920:Xolotl
2915:Xocotl
2840:Painal
2624:Tláloc
2412:
2402:
2376:710093
2374:
2354:276351
2352:
2342:
2304:
2294:
2269:
2259:
2238:
2228:
2208:
2198:
2158:
2130:
2120:
2094:
2084:
2064:
2054:
2035:
2016:
1999:
1970:
1960:
1936:
1926:
1878:
1772:
1747:
1692:
1647:
1606:14 May
1564:
1483:
1473:
1337:
1310:14 May
1226:
1173:
1139:
1109:14 May
1069:
1036:
985:
960:
886:, and
828:atlatl
743:Aztlán
667:friar
661:Tlaloc
508:, and
506:Tlaloc
494:Nahuas
490:Mexica
359:" and
312:Aztecs
153:Mexica
135:Region
125:Gender
115:Symbol
43:Mexica
3039:(The
2430:, by
1304:(PDF)
1293:(PDF)
755:Copil
292:solar
149:Aztec
106:South
86:Abode
48:South
2880:Toci
2561:(or
2510:and
2410:OCLC
2400:ISBN
2372:OCLC
2350:OCLC
2340:ISBN
2326:and
2302:OCLC
2292:ISBN
2267:OCLC
2257:ISBN
2236:OCLC
2226:ISBN
2206:OCLC
2196:ISBN
2156:LCCN
2128:OCLC
2118:ISBN
2092:OCLC
2082:ISBN
2062:OCLC
2052:ISBN
2033:ISBN
2014:ISBN
1997:OCLC
1968:OCLC
1958:ISBN
1934:OCLC
1924:ISBN
1876:ISBN
1770:ISBN
1745:ISBN
1690:ISBN
1645:ISBN
1608:2018
1562:ISBN
1481:OCLC
1471:ISBN
1376:link
1335:ISBN
1312:2018
1258:2016
1250:UCSD
1224:ISBN
1171:ISBN
1137:LCCN
1111:2018
1067:ISBN
1034:ISBN
983:ISBN
958:ISBN
680:The
453:Tula
428:and
325:The
294:and
275:IPA:
256:None
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