742:
the
Unicode standard provides the same interpretation for the equivalent code values, without adding to or subtracting from their semantics. The Unicode standard supplies unambiguous codes elsewhere for the most useful particular interpretations of these ASCII values; the corresponding unambiguous characters are cross-referenced in the character names list for this block. In a few cases, the Unicode standard indicates the generic interpretation of an ASCII code in the name of the corresponding Unicode character, for example U+0027 is APOSTROPHE-QUOTE'.
520:. These are easier to understand when reading commands (some software does not care about the number of hyphen-minuses, and either does not allow combinations of single-letter options, or requires the user to rearrange them, so they do not match a long option). A double hyphen-minus by itself (followed by a space) indicates that there are no more options, which is useful when one needs to specify a filename that starts with a hyphen-minus. An option of just a hyphen-minus (followed by a space) may be recognized
1033:
2038:
741:
Some ASCII characters have multiple uses, either through ambiguity in the original standards or through accumulated reinterpretations of a limited codeset. For example, 27 hex is defined in ANSI X3.4 as apostrophe (closing single quotation mark; acute accent), and 2D hex as hyphen minus. In general,
938:
In typescript, a double hyphen (--) is often used for a long dash. Double hyphens in a typeset document are a sure sign that the type was set by a typist, not a typographer. A typographer will use an em dash, three-quarter em, or en dash, depending on context or personal style. The em dash is the
939:
nineteenth-century standard, still prescribed in many editorial style books, but the em dash is too long for use with the best text faces. Like the oversized space between sentences, it belongs to the padded and corseted aesthetic of
Victorian typography.
343:, and still the only form recognized by many data formats and computer languages. Though the Unicode Standard states that the U+2010 hyphen is "preferred" over the hyphen-minus, the standard itself uses the hyphen-minus as its hyphen character.
417:
will produce a solid line). Alternating the hyphen-minus with spaces produces a "dashed" line, often to indicate where paper is to be cut. On a typewriter, over-striking a section of text with this is used for
434:
use the hyphen-minus for denoting subtraction and negation. It is rarely used to indicate a range, due to ambiguity with subtraction. Generally, other characters, such as the
Unicode
3220:
1623:
850:
353:
In mathematical texts that include the plus sign, the
Unicode minus is preferred to the hyphen-minus, because its metrics match the plus sign in level and length.
1997:
307:, a single key/code was almost always used for hyphen, minus, various dashes, and strikethrough, since they all have a roughly similar appearance. The current
2074:
413:
these to the correct dash. The character can also be typed multiple times to simulate a horizontal line (though in most cases, repeated entry of the
2535:
761:
924:
695:
1067:
722:
890:
880:
793:
2951:
2067:
376:
This character is typed when a hyphen or a minus sign is wanted. Based on old typewriter conventions, it is common to use a pair
1003:
867:
is usually very short (it has its own
Unicode character, but you can use the hyphen-minus instead because it looks the same) ...
450:
3296:
465:
968:
846:
1992:
339:
for various uses. When a hyphen is called for, the hyphen-minus is a common choice as it is well known, easy to enter on
3243:
1877:
1839:
2966:
2060:
2023:
1092:
1603:
823:
1249:
371:
2007:
1824:
1495:
1432:
1137:
1060:
367:
1452:
1175:
608:
3238:
2352:
1927:
1427:
1422:
1335:
1322:
1155:
3291:
3265:
3248:
3134:
2709:
2052:
1719:
1360:
1214:
444:
431:
164:
2769:
754:
3255:
2981:
2879:
2724:
2292:
2137:
2107:
2041:
2002:
1915:
1809:
1664:
1642:
1632:
1500:
1107:
1097:
1053:
643:
598:
493:
304:
914:
3270:
3260:
1965:
1892:
1872:
1862:
1834:
1804:
1764:
1391:
1254:
1239:
1180:
1170:
20:
2607:
2550:
1910:
1829:
1784:
1714:
1185:
920:
886:
691:
685:
340:
2996:
2917:
2841:
2501:
1796:
1749:
1588:
1535:
1396:
1206:
308:
711:
3227:
3169:
2784:
1932:
1819:
1814:
1734:
1702:
1593:
1330:
1132:
786:
755:"American National Standard X3.4-1977: American Standard Code for Information Interchange"
469:
1887:
3031:
2209:
1937:
1882:
1759:
1562:
1386:
1340:
1274:
1244:
1112:
951:
760:. National Institute of Standards and Technology. p. 10 (4.2 Graphic characters).
410:
407:
1032:
3285:
3119:
2739:
2667:
2486:
2463:
1729:
1697:
1687:
1567:
994:
419:
347:
3204:
2864:
2622:
1987:
1867:
1754:
1739:
1709:
1669:
1406:
1376:
1350:
1259:
1102:
1084:
512:. Some implementations allow two hyphen-minuses to specify "long" option names as
955:
2652:
2588:
2573:
2516:
2084:
1982:
1977:
1970:
1960:
1774:
1724:
1679:
1619:
1583:
1554:
1542:
1522:
1345:
1297:
1165:
623:
3092:
2894:
2822:
2186:
2088:
1955:
1769:
1659:
1512:
1505:
1482:
1437:
1401:
1355:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1287:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1076:
563:
414:
403:
350:, the hyphen-minus is either identical or very similar to the Unicode hyphen.
324:
316:
300:
224:
3232:
3050:
2637:
2307:
2247:
2224:
2152:
1447:
1442:
1219:
1147:
963:
521:
3150:
2936:
2682:
2337:
2322:
1920:
1779:
1598:
1471:
1457:
1282:
1234:
660:
220:
819:
3188:
3077:
2262:
1744:
1530:
1381:
1292:
1224:
1160:
647:
567:
383:
44:
847:"Hyphen, minus, en-dash, and em-dash: difference and usage in English"
2398:
2167:
1647:
1264:
618:
473:
336:
328:
216:
149:
133:
1037:
2799:
2754:
2277:
2122:
1490:
1229:
1197:
586:
525:
457:
236:
2444:
1846:
1692:
1637:
603:
551:
547:
543:
497:
477:
396:
312:
228:
195:
179:
2056:
1049:
919:(third ed.). Hartley & Marks, Publishers. p. 80.
223:. On most keyboards, it is the only character that resembles a
882:
InDesign Type: Professional
Typography with Adobe InDesign CS2
1045:
492:
The hyphen-minus character is often used when specifying
311:
specifies distinct characters for several different
2016:
1948:
1901:
1855:
1795:
1678:
1618:
1576:
1553:
1521:
1481:
1470:
1415:
1369:
1321:
1273:
1205:
1196:
1146:
1083:
539:
532:
517:
513:
505:
481:
461:
265:
120:
115:
64:
42:
35:
30:
792:. 2020. General Punctuation § Dashes and Hyphens.
787:"The Unicode Standard, Version 13.0, Chapter 6.2"
255:according to the context where it is being used.
646:, the hyphen-minus is drawn identically to the
402:; this practice is deprecated in professional
335:) at U+2010, the hyphen-minus at U+002D and a
2068:
1998:Intellectual property protection of typefaces
1061:
615:(U+2500), useful for drawing horizontal lines
8:
1540:
464:(two hyphen-minus) mark the beginning of a
456:In some programming languages (for example
2075:
2061:
2053:
1478:
1202:
1068:
1054:
1046:
2024:Punctuation and other typographic symbols
484:(three hyphen-minuses) to end a section.
16:The most commonly used type of hyphen (-)
3221:Version of this table as a sortable list
820:"Dashes and Hyphens § Typographic Usage"
19:"-" redirects here. For other uses, see
676:
635:
231:so it is also used for these. The name
719:Unicode Version 1.0 · Character Blocks
262:
27:
853:from the original on 25 December 2020
728:from the original on 21 November 2021
7:
3073: ⟨ ⟩
1009:from the original on 4 December 2016
826:from the original on 26 January 2021
799:from the original on 22 January 2021
659:The precise relationships depend on
293:in proportional and monospaced fonts
243:. The character is referred to as a
767:from the original on 9 October 2022
542:is used to denote deleted lines in
508:. A user can specify both by using
500:. Examples of the "short" form are
291:hyphen-minus, plus, and minus signs
14:
974:from the original on 3 April 2017
916:The elements of typographic style
524:of a filename and indicates that
2037:
2036:
1031:
337:variety of other hyphen symbols
496:, a convention popularized by
468:. It can be used to start the
389:, and to put spaces around it
239:standard, where it was called
219:most commonly used in digital
1:
1993:History of Western typography
1036:The dictionary definition of
1840:traditional point-size names
996:Haskell 2010 Language Report
739:Loose vs. Precise Semantics.
1093:Canons of page construction
913:Bringhurst, Robert (2004).
885:. Adobe Press. p. 72.
3313:
2536:inverted ! and ?
684:Korpela, Jukka K. (2006).
365:
235:derives from the original
18:
3216:
3104:
3008:
2952:sound recording copyright
2906:
2811:
2694:
2562:
2475:
2410:
2236:
2096:
2032:
1250:Subscript and superscript
690:. O'Reilly. p. 382.
449:are not recognized as an
372:Three consecutive hyphens
290:
99:
92:
76:
69:
2008:Vox-ATypI classification
1138:Intentionally blank page
368:Two consecutive hyphens
327:U+2212, an unambiguous
3069: { }
3061: ( )
3046: « »
3042: ‹ ›
3027: " "
3023: ' '
3019: “ ”
3015: ‘ ’
1541:
879:French, Nigel (2006).
609:Box-drawing characters
331:(sometimes called the
319:(sometimes called the
110:FULLWIDTH HYPHEN-MINUS
3297:Typographical symbols
993:Marlow, Simon (ed.).
712:"3.1 General scripts"
589:with the same value.
432:programming languages
426:Programming languages
411:automatically convert
3266:Japanese punctuation
2967:registered trademark
2852: |
2710:plus and minus signs
2103:
1878:Typographic features
956:"C Reference Manual"
494:command-line options
3256:Chinese punctuation
2982:service mark symbol
2725:multiplication sign
2243: &
2003:Technical lettering
1902:Typography in other
1643:Hanging punctuation
644:Lucida Sans Unicode
599:-- (disambiguation)
400: –
305:character encodings
151:NON-BREAKING HYPHEN
3271:Korean punctuation
3261:Hebrew punctuation
1966:Handwriting script
1893:Desktop publishing
1863:Character encoding
1856:Digital typography
1370:Horizontal aspects
1323:Visual distinction
1181:Widows and orphans
87:SMALL HYPHEN-MINUS
65:Graphical variants
21:- (disambiguation)
3279:
3278:
2608:ordinal indicator
2551:irony punctuation
2050:
2049:
1797:Typographic units
1715:For position only
1614:
1613:
1466:
1465:
926:978-0-88179-206-5
697:978-0-596-10121-3
687:Unicode explained
630:Explanatory notes
315:, an unambiguous
297:
296:
203:
202:
3304:
3228:Currency symbols
3208:
3207:
3201:
3193:
3192:
3191:(paragraph mark)
3185:
3181:
3173:
3172:
3166:
3162:
3154:
3153:
3147:
3139:
3138:
3131:
3123:
3122:
3116:
3112:
3096:
3095:
3089:
3081:
3080:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3054:
3053:
3047:
3043:
3035:
3034:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3000:
2999:
2997:trademark symbol
2993:
2985:
2984:
2978:
2970:
2969:
2963:
2955:
2954:
2948:
2940:
2939:
2933:
2931:
2921:
2920:
2918:copyright symbol
2914:
2898:
2897:
2891:
2883:
2882:
2876:
2868:
2867:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2845:
2844:
2838:
2836:
2826:
2825:
2819:
2803:
2802:
2796:
2788:
2787:
2781:
2773:
2772:
2766:
2758:
2757:
2751:
2743:
2742:
2736:
2728:
2727:
2721:
2713:
2712:
2706:
2702:
2686:
2685:
2679:
2671:
2670:
2664:
2656:
2655:
2649:
2641:
2640:
2634:
2626:
2625:
2619:
2611:
2610:
2604:
2600:
2592:
2591:
2585:
2577:
2576:
2570:
2554:
2553:
2547:
2539:
2538:
2532:
2528:
2520:
2519:
2513:
2505:
2504:
2502:exclamation mark
2498:
2490:
2489:
2483:
2467:
2466:
2460:
2456:
2448:
2447:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2425:
2424:
2418:
2402:
2401:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2387:
2383:
2380:
2376:
2373:
2369:
2366:
2356:
2355:
2349:
2341:
2340:
2334:
2326:
2325:
2319:
2311:
2310:
2304:
2296:
2295:
2289:
2281:
2280:
2274:
2266:
2265:
2259:
2251:
2250:
2244:
2228:
2227:
2221:
2213:
2212:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2190:
2189:
2183:
2179:
2171:
2170:
2164:
2156:
2155:
2149:
2141:
2140:
2134:
2126:
2125:
2119:
2111:
2110:
2104:
2077:
2070:
2063:
2054:
2040:
2039:
2017:Related template
1949:Related articles
1750:Phototypesetting
1604:reverse-contrast
1589:Display typeface
1546:
1523:Blackletter type
1479:
1416:Vertical aspects
1397:Sentence spacing
1207:Typeface anatomy
1203:
1070:
1063:
1056:
1047:
1035:
1019:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1008:
1001:
990:
984:
983:
981:
979:
973:
960:
948:
942:
941:
935:
933:
910:
904:
903:
901:
899:
876:
870:
869:
860:
858:
842:
836:
835:
833:
831:
818:Korpela, Jukka.
815:
809:
808:
806:
804:
798:
791:
783:
777:
776:
774:
772:
766:
759:
751:
745:
744:
735:
733:
727:
716:
708:
702:
701:
681:
664:
657:
651:
640:
614:
585:. It is also in
584:
583:
580:
577:
575:
562:The glyph has a
541:
534:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
483:
463:
447:
443:
440:
438:
401:
394:
393:
388:
382:to represent an
381:
380:
309:Unicode Standard
286:
285:
282:
279:
274:
271:
268:
263:
213:
198:
194:
191:
189:
182:
178:
175:
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111:
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105:
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95:
88:
85:
82:
80:
72:
60:
57:
54:
52:
28:
3312:
3311:
3307:
3306:
3305:
3303:
3302:
3301:
3282:
3281:
3280:
3275:
3212:
3203:
3200: §
3199:
3197:
3187:
3184: ⸿
3183:
3180: ¶
3179:
3177:
3168:
3165: ⌑
3164:
3161: ◊
3160:
3158:
3149:
3146: ☞
3145:
3143:
3137:(hedera, aldus)
3133:
3130: ❧
3129:
3127:
3118:
3115: ‡
3114:
3111: †
3110:
3108:
3100:
3091:
3088: ”
3087:
3085:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3058:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3039:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3012:
3004:
2995:
2991:
2989:
2980:
2976:
2974:
2965:
2962: ®
2961:
2959:
2950:
2947: ℗
2946:
2944:
2935:
2929:
2927:
2925:
2916:
2913: ©
2912:
2910:
2902:
2893:
2890: ·
2889:
2887:
2878:
2875: •
2874:
2872:
2863:
2860: ‖
2859:
2856: ¦
2855:
2851:
2849:
2840:
2834:
2832:
2830:
2821:
2818: _
2817:
2815:
2807:
2798:
2795: ^
2794:
2792:
2785:minus-plus sign
2783:
2780: ∓
2779:
2777:
2770:plus–minus sign
2768:
2765: ±
2764:
2762:
2753:
2750: ~
2749:
2747:
2738:
2735: ÷
2734:
2732:
2723:
2720: ×
2719:
2717:
2708:
2705: −
2704:
2701: +
2700:
2698:
2690:
2681:
2678: ⌀
2677:
2675:
2666:
2663: °
2662:
2660:
2651:
2648: ‱
2647:
2645:
2636:
2633: ‰
2632:
2630:
2621:
2618: %
2617:
2615:
2606:
2603: ª
2602:
2599: º
2598:
2596:
2587:
2584: №
2583:
2581:
2572:
2569: #
2568:
2566:
2558:
2549:
2546: ⸮
2545:
2543:
2534:
2531: ¿
2530:
2527: ¡
2526:
2524:
2515:
2512: ‽
2511:
2509:
2500:
2497: !
2496:
2494:
2485:
2482: ?
2481:
2479:
2471:
2462:
2459: ⸗
2458:
2455: ⹀
2454:
2452:
2443:
2440: —
2439:
2436: –
2435:
2432: ‒
2431:
2429:
2420:
2417: -
2416:
2414:
2406:
2397:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2381:
2378:
2374:
2371:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2351:
2348: ⁂
2347:
2345:
2336:
2333: *
2332:
2330:
2321:
2318: …
2317:
2315:
2306:
2303: \
2302:
2300:
2291:
2288: /
2287:
2285:
2276:
2273: ^
2272:
2270:
2261:
2258: @
2257:
2255:
2246:
2242:
2240:
2232:
2223:
2220: .
2219:
2217:
2208:
2205: ‴
2204:
2201: ″
2200:
2197: ′
2196:
2194:
2185:
2182: '
2181:
2178: ’
2177:
2175:
2166:
2163: ‐
2162:
2160:
2151:
2148: ;
2147:
2145:
2136:
2133: :
2132:
2130:
2121:
2118: ,
2117:
2115:
2106:
2102:
2100:
2092:
2081:
2051:
2046:
2028:
2012:
1944:
1904:writing systems
1903:
1897:
1851:
1791:
1735:Microtypography
1674:
1610:
1572:
1549:
1517:
1474:classifications
1473:
1462:
1411:
1365:
1331:Blackboard bold
1317:
1269:
1192:
1142:
1133:Recto and verso
1079:
1074:
1028:
1023:
1022:
1012:
1010:
1006:
999:
992:
991:
987:
977:
975:
971:
958:
952:Ritchie, Dennis
950:
949:
945:
931:
929:
927:
912:
911:
907:
897:
895:
893:
878:
877:
873:
856:
854:
845:Marian, Jakub.
844:
843:
839:
829:
827:
817:
816:
812:
802:
800:
796:
789:
785:
784:
780:
770:
768:
764:
757:
753:
752:
748:
731:
729:
725:
714:
710:
709:
705:
698:
683:
682:
678:
673:
668:
667:
663:design choices.
658:
654:
641:
637:
632:
612:
595:
581:
578:
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321:Unicode minus
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3244:Math symbols
3205:section mark
2865:vertical bar
2623:percent sign
2422:hyphen-minus
2421:
1988:Type foundry
1825:Metric units
1755:Punchcutting
1740:Movable type
1710:Font catalog
1670:Vertical bar
1652:
1407:Word spacing
1377:Figure space
1260:Text figures
1103:Even working
1038:
1011:. Retrieved
995:
988:
976:. Retrieved
962:
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937:
930:. Retrieved
915:
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896:. Retrieved
881:
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840:
828:. Retrieved
813:
801:. Retrieved
781:
769:. Retrieved
749:
738:
737:
730:. Retrieved
718:
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582:HYPHEN-MINUS
561:
538:
491:
488:Command line
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332:
320:
298:
252:
248:
244:
240:
233:hyphen-minus
232:
210:
207:hyphen-minus
206:
204:
139:
59:HYPHEN-MINUS
37:Hyphen-minus
25:
3292:Punctuation
2653:basis point
2589:numero sign
2574:number sign
2517:interrobang
2085:punctuation
1983:Type design
1978:Style guide
1971:Calligraphy
1961:Handwriting
1775:Type design
1725:Lorem ipsum
1720:Letterpress
1680:Typesetting
1620:Punctuation
1584:Record type
1555:Gaelic type
1543:Schwabacher
1433:Body height
1298:Letter case
1166:Line length
954:(c. 1975).
932:10 November
857:23 December
830:30 December
803:30 December
771:10 December
732:10 December
624:Soft hyphen
514:--recursive
301:typewriters
259:Description
3286:Categories
3249:Whitespace
3233:Diacritics
3093:ditto mark
2895:interpunct
2823:underscore
2187:apostrophe
2087:and other
1956:Penmanship
1928:East Asian
1770:Type color
1703:monospaced
1660:Interpunct
1653:minus sign
1577:Specialist
1513:Sans-serif
1506:slab serif
1483:Roman type
1438:Cap height
1402:Thin space
1361:Whitespace
1313:Title case
1308:Snake case
1303:Small caps
1288:Camel case
1220:Diacritics
1128:Pull quote
1123:Pagination
1118:Paper size
1077:Typography
1013:7 December
978:7 December
671:References
611:including
564:code point
446:MINUS SIGN
415:underscore
404:typography
366:See also:
325:code point
317:minus sign
249:minus sign
225:minus sign
166:MINUS SIGN
3235:(accents)
3051:guillemet
2638:per mille
2308:backslash
2248:ampersand
2225:full stop
2153:semicolon
1453:Overshoot
1448:Mean line
1443:Descender
1356:Underline
1198:Character
1176:Runaround
1156:Alignment
1148:Paragraph
964:Bell Labs
341:keyboards
299:In early
221:documents
3151:manicule
2937:copyleft
2353:asterism
2338:asterisk
2323:ellipsis
2042:Category
1921:PT Fonts
1916:Cyrillic
1780:Typeface
1698:computer
1599:fat face
1472:Typeface
1458:x-height
1428:Baseline
1423:Ascender
1283:All caps
1245:Rotation
1240:Ligature
1235:Ink trap
1004:Archived
969:Archived
851:Archived
824:Archived
794:Archived
762:Archived
723:Archived
661:typeface
604:Dash (—)
593:See also
558:Encoding
451:operator
442:−
406:. Some
193:—
177:–
162:−
147:‑
131:‐
107:－
84:﹣
43:In
3189:pilcrow
3170:lozenge
3135:fleuron
3078:bracket
2932:
2928:
2837:
2833:
2394:
2363:
2263:at sign
2091:symbols
2083:Common
1868:Hinting
1745:Pangram
1563:Insular
1536:Rotunda
1531:Fraktur
1496:Antiqua
1382:Kerning
1351:Oblique
1346:Italics
1293:Initial
1225:Dingbat
1215:Counter
1161:Leading
648:en dash
568:Unicode
550:or the
522:in lieu
518:--quiet
466:comment
384:em dash
251:, or a
209:symbol
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