371:, kindness, and sexual promiscuity). Participants were then asked to predict the overall happiness the photos' subjects would feel for the rest of their lives, including marital happiness (least likely to get divorced), parental happiness (most likely to be a good parent), social and professional happiness (most likely to experience life fulfillment), and overall happiness. Finally, participants were asked if the subjects would hold a job of high status, medium status, or low status. Results showed that most of the participants overwhelmingly believed more attractive subjects have more socially desirable personality traits than either averagely attractive or unattractive subjects, would lead happier lives in general, have happier marriages, and have more career success, including holding more secure, prestigious jobs. Participants, however, believed that attractive individuals would be worse parents than both averagely-attractive and unattractive individuals.
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attributes contribute to perceptions of attractiveness (e.g., physique, hair, eye color). For example, someone who is perceived as attractive, due in part to physical traits, may be more likely to be perceived as kind or intelligent. The role of attractiveness in producing the halo effect has been illustrated through a number of studies. Recent research, for example, has revealed that attractiveness may affect perceptions tied to life success and personality. In this study, attractiveness was correlated with weight, indicating that attractiveness itself may be influenced by various specific traits. Included in the personality variables were trustworthiness and friendliness. People perceived as being more attractive were more likely to be perceived as trustworthy and friendly. What this suggests is that perceptions of attractiveness may influence a variety of other traits, which supports the concept of the halo effect.
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underlie some of them are demonstrably wrong." Their work claims that the assumption that the halo effect is always detrimental is incorrect, with some halo effects resulting in an increase in the accuracy of the rating, in their opinion. Additionally, they discuss the idea of "true halo"—the actual correlation between, for example, attractiveness and performance as an instructor—and "illusory halo" that refers to cognitive distortions, errors in observation and judgement, and the rating tendencies of the individual rater. They claim that any true differentiation between true and illusory halos is impossible in a real-world setting, because the different ratings are strongly influenced by the specific behaviors of the person observed by the raters.
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another third with that of an unattractive female as author, and the last third were shown neither. On average, most of the participants gave significantly better writing evaluations for the more attractive author. On a scale of 1 to 9, the well-written essay by the attractive author received an average of 6.7 while the unattractive author received a 5.9 (with a 6.6 as a control). The gap was larger on the poor essay: the attractive author received an average of 5.2, the control a 4.7, and the unattractive author a 2.7, suggesting male readers are generally more willing to give physically attractive females the benefit of the doubt when performance is below standard than those not considered attractive.
468:. The burglary involved a woman illegally obtaining a key and stealing $ 2,200 (equivalent to $ 12,000 today); the swindle involved a woman manipulating a man to invest $ 2,200 in a nonexistent corporation. The results showed that when the offense was not related to attractiveness (as in the burglary) the unattractive defendant was punished more severely than the attractive one. However, when the offense was related to attractiveness (the swindle), the attractive defendant was punished more severely than the unattractive one. The study imputes that the usual leniency given to the attractive woman (as a result of the halo effect) was negated or reversed when the nature of the crime involved her looks.
602:. Think about what happens when a supervisor evaluates the performance of a subordinate. The supervisor may give prominence to a single characteristic of the employee, such as enthusiasm, and allow the entire evaluation to be colored by how he or she judges the employee on that one characteristic. Even though the employee may lack the requisite knowledge or ability to perform the job successfully, if the employee's work shows enthusiasm, the supervisor may very well give him or her a higher performance rating than is justified by knowledge or ability." (Schneider, F.W., Gruman, J. A., & Coutts, L. M., Applied Social Psychology, 2012)
281:(1874–1949). Edward Thorndike was the first to say the halo effect is a specific cognitive bias in which one aspect of the person, brand, product, or institution affects one's thoughts or judgment of the entity's other aspects or dimensions. Thorndike, an early behaviorist, was an important contributor to the study of the psychology of learning. He gave the phenomenon its name in his 1920 article "A Constant Error in Psychological Ratings". In "Constant Error", Thorndike set out to replicate the study in hopes of pinning down the bias that he thought was present in these ratings. Subsequent researchers have studied it in relation to
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would demonstrate an artificial lack of reliability. A follow-up study with both men and women participants supported this, as well as showing that attractive women were expected to be conceited and have a higher socioeconomic status. Eagly et al. (1991) also commented on this phenomenon, showing that more attractive individuals of both sexes were expected to be higher in vanity and possibly egotistic. Applied instances of the reverse halo effect include negative evaluations of criminals who use their attractiveness to their advantage and rating a philosophical essay lower when written by a young female than an old male.
591:"In the classroom, teachers are subject to the halo effect rating error when evaluating their students. For example, a teacher who sees a well-behaved student might tend to assume this student is also bright, diligent, and engaged before that teacher has objectively evaluated the student's capacity in these areas. When these types of halo effects occur, they can affect students' approval ratings in certain areas of functioning and can even affect students' grades." (Rasmussen, Encyclopedia of Educational Psychology, Volume 1, 2008)
140:. An example of the halo effect is when a person finds out someone they have formed a positive gestalt with has cheated on their taxes. Because of the positive gestalt, the person may dismiss the significance of this behavior. They may even think that the person simply made a mistake. The person would justify the behavior and connect it with the other person's positive gestalt. The halo effect refers to the tendency of evaluating an individual positively on many traits because of a shared belief.
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high-perceived intelligence group was rated as significantly more attractive than the low-perceived intelligence group, suggesting that either the authors could not adequately control for the attractiveness halo effect for the male composite photographs or that intelligence is an integral factor of attractiveness in high-intelligence male faces. The second part of the study found that the composites in the high-perceived intelligence group were rated highest in the factors of
247:, a widely known NGO, openly celebrates the positive outcomes it receives from the halo effect. The web page for the Ronald McDonald House in Durham, North Carolina, states that 95% of survey participants were aware of Ronald McDonald House Charities. This awareness is attributed to the halo effect, as employees, customers, and stakeholders are more likely to be involved in a charity that they recognize and trust, with a name and logo that are familiar.
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that person; for instance, observable behaviors such as eye contact, leaning forward, smiling and positive hand gestures (ex. steepling hands) are linked to positive emotions, while avoiding eye contact, leaning back, avoiding touch, and defensive hand gestures (ex. hands in pockets) or no gestures at all are linked to feelings of detachment. Besides that, another popular example used when referring to the halo effect is the phenomenon called the
299:, bearing, and energy), intellect, leadership skills, and personal qualities (including dependability, loyalty, responsibility, selflessness, and cooperation). In Thorndike's study, attractiveness plays an important role in how people tend to consider a person, such as whether a person is friendly or not based on his or her physical appearance. His goal was to see how the ratings of one characteristic affected other characteristics.
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subject possessed more philosophical attributes. Additionally, when asked to list the happy, neutral, or negative times in their life, the halo effect was more evident in the perceptions of the participants who chose to write about happy prior experiences. Forgas's study suggests that when one is gauging the extent of the halo effect in a situation, one must consider the emotional state of the person making the judgment.
583:", or "normal". The teachers then completed referral forms based on the child's behavior. The results showed that teachers held negative expectancies toward emotionally disturbed children, maintaining these expectancies even when presented with normal behavior. In addition, the "mentally retarded" label showed a greater degree of negative bias than the "emotionally disturbed" or "learning disabled" label.
572:(ODD), or standard behavior. The teachers were asked to rate the frequency of hyperactive behaviors observed in the children. Teachers rated hyperactive behaviors accurately for children with ADHD; however, the ratings of hyperactivity were much higher for the children with ODD-like behaviors, showing a horn effect for children who appeared to have ODD.
100:) is the proclivity for positive impressions of a person, company, country, brand, or product in one area to positively influence one's opinion or feelings. The halo effect is "the name given to the phenomenon whereby evaluators tend to be influenced by their previous judgments of performance or personality." The halo effect is a
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quality that adds light on the whole like a halo. In other words, observers tend to bend their judgement according to one patent characteristic of the person (the "halo") or a few of his traits, generalizing toward a judgement of that person's character (e.g., in the literal hagiologic case, "entirely good and worthy").
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ratings of one of the special qualities of an officer often started a trend in the rating results. The halo effect is not an indication of the existence of a correlation, but instead indicates that the correlation is too high. Thorndike used the halo effect to describe both a positive and negative halo.
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states that one's mood can affect the degree of the halo effect's influence. When someone is in a favorable mood, the halo effect is more likely to be influential—this was demonstrated by study participants choosing between pictures of an elderly man with a beard and a young woman, and deciding which
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demonstrated the Halo Effect, looking at male judgments of female intelligence and competence on academic tasks. Sixty male undergraduate students rated the quality of essays which included both well- and poorly-written samples. One third were presented with a photo of an attractive female as author,
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took part in the experiment. Each subject was given three different photos to examine: one of an attractive individual, one of an individual of average attractiveness, and one of an unattractive individual. The participants judged the photos' subjects along 27 different personality traits (including
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People's first impressions of others influence their later decision to either approach or avoid those individuals. When people first encounter someone, the information present about that individual is limited; therefore, people will use the information available to assume other characteristics about
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The term "halo effect" is also used in metal detecting to denote the enhanced detectability of a metal item or coin when it has been left undisturbed for some period of time in wet soil. The object can leach some metallic properties into the soil, making it more detectable. The area surrounding the
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was able to control for attractiveness in composite photographs of females who were perceived to be of high or low intelligence, while showing that the attractiveness halo effect was seen in high intelligent male composite faces by heterosexual residents of the UK. Either the halo effect is negated
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found subjects were more lenient when sentencing attractive individuals than unattractive ones, even though exactly the same crime was committed. The researchers attributed the result to a societal perception that people with a high level of attractiveness are seen as more likely to have successful
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The halo effect can also be used in the case of institutions as one's favorable perceptions regarding an aspect of an organization could determine a positive view of its entire operations. For example, if a hospital is known for its excellent open heart and cardiac program, then the community would
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or when encountering individuals who are similar to others in some aspects, like personality or life history like the school they attended. People tend to assume that physically attractive individuals are more likely to be more healthy, successful, courteous, containing higher moral standards, and
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Cognitive bias is a pattern in perception, interpretation, or judgment that consistently leads to an individual misunderstanding something about themselves or their social environment, leading to poor decision-making or irrational behavior. The halo effect is classified as a cognitive bias because
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in the commanding officers' responses. In his review, he stated, "The correlations are too high and too even. For example, for the three raters next studied the average correlation for physique with intelligence is .31; for physique with leadership, .39; and for physique with character, .28". The
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Non-psychology/business use of the term "halo effect" describes the monetary value of the spillover effect when an organization's marketing budget is subsequently reduced. This was first demonstrated to students via the 1966 version of a textbook and a software package named "The
Marketing Game."
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The reverse halo effect occurs when positive evaluations of an individual cause negative consequences. Rater errors pose special problems for the issues of "reliability and validity". Furthermore, ratings that differ in time may accurately reflect a change in behavior even though this difference
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A person's attractiveness has also been found to produce a halo effect. Attractiveness provides a valuable aspect of the halo effect to consider because it can be influenced by several specific traits. These perceptions of attractiveness may affect judgments tied to personality traits. Physical
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argue: "Since 1980, there have been a large number of studies dealing directly or indirectly with halo error in rating. Taken together, these studies suggest that all seven of the characteristics that have defined halo error for much of its history are problematic and that the assumptions that
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The term "halo" is used in analogy with the religious concept: a glowing circle crowning the heads of saints in countless medieval and
Renaissance paintings, bathing the saint's face in heavenly light. The observer may be subject to overestimating the worth of the observed by the presence of a
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The halo effect can also be explained as the behavior (usually unconscious) of using evaluations based on unrelated criteria, to make judgments about something or someone. The halo effect is sometimes used to refer specifically to when this behavior has a positive correlation, such as viewing
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Researchers have shown that perceived physical and vocal attractiveness (or their opposite) lead to bias in judgment. A 2010 study found that attractiveness and familiarity are strong predictors of decisions regarding who is put in a position of leadership. Judgments made following one-second
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In
Thorndike's words, "Ratings were apparently affected by a marked tendency to think of the person in general as rather good or rather inferior and to color the judgments of the qualities by this general feeling." In "A Constant Error in Psychological Ratings", Thorndike asked two commanding
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Rating error effect, mistakes made by raters when they use a rating scale, reflect the task competence of the rater, as well as the rater's sex, social position, race, religion, and age. Researchers showed that halo effect is one component of this error. Fisicaro and Lance introduced three
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halo effect. Over 300 photographs of
Caucasian British college students were rated for perceived intelligence. The photographs that were scored lowest in perceived intelligence were used to create a low-intelligence composite face and those photographs that were scored highest in perceived
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residents of the UK rated each of the composite faces for intelligence and attractiveness. Of the female composites, attractiveness seemed to be controlled as both the high- and low-perceived intelligence groups were rated as equally attractive. However, of the male face composites, the
549:: "Some leaders can become so demonized that it's impossible to assess their achievements and failures in a balanced way." For those seen in a negative light, anything they do that is negative is exemplified, while the positive things they do are not seen, or are doubted.
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as markers of intelligence in both the female and male groups. While intelligence does not seem to be a factor that contributes to attractiveness in women, with regards to men, attractive faces are perceived to be more intelligent, friendly, and funny by women and men.
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intelligence were used to create a high-intelligence composite face. Both female and male faces of high- and low-perceived intelligence were created, resulting in four groups of composite faces. Participants for the study were recruited online; 164 female and 92 male
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also found the halo effect present in teachers' evaluations of children. Regular and special education elementary school teachers watched videos of a normal child whom they were told was either "emotionally disturbed", possessing a learning disorder,
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continued this line of research, going on to demonstrate that jealousy of an attractive individual has a slight effect in evaluation of that person. These works showed these halo effect more prevalent among females than males. Later research by
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Gräf, Michael; Unkelbach, Christian (August 2018). "Halo effects from agency behaviors and communion behaviors depend on social context: Why technicians benefit more from showing tidiness than nurses do: Halo effects depend on social context".
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someone who is attractive as likely to be successful and popular. When this judgment has a negative connotation, such as when someone unattractive is more readily blamed for a crime than someone attractive, it is sometimes referred to as the
327:). If the observer likes one aspect of something, they will have a positive predisposition toward everything about it. If the observer dislikes one aspect of something, they will have a negative predisposition toward everything about it.
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Guha, Martin (December 2006). "Elsevier's
Dictionary of Psychological Theories2006405Compiled by J.E. Roeckelein. Elsevier's Dictionary of Psychological Theories . Amsterdam: Elsevier 2006. xii+679 pp. ÂŁ90; $ 143, ISBN: 0 444 51750 2".
434:) found that even when taking factual knowledge into account, candidates who were rated as more attractive were still perceived as more knowledgeable. Thus, beauty evaluations also emerge as major predictors of electoral success.
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expect it to excel in other areas as well. This can also be demonstrated in the positive perceptions of financial institutions that gained favorable coverage in the media due to meteoric growth but eventually failed afterward.
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A negative form of the halo effect, called the horn effect, the devil effect, or the reverse halo effect, allows one a disliked trait or aspect of a person or product to negatively influence globally. Psychologists call it a
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greater social competence than other people; on the other hand, the attractiveness stereotype can also carry a negative connotation as some people may think of attractive people as less honest and more conceited than others.
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A brand's halo effect can protect its reputation in the event of a crisis. An event that is detrimental to a brand that is viewed favorably would not be as threatening or damaging to a brand that consumers view unfavorably.
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The halo effect was originally identified in 1907 by the
American psychologist Frederick L. Wells (1884–1964). However, it was only officially recognized in 1920 with empirical evidence provided by the psychologist
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and its bearing on the judicial and educational systems. Thorndike originally coined the term referring only to people; however, its use has been greatly expanded, especially in the area of brand marketing.
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A 2013 report on "the link between disease and leader preferences" claimed that "congressional districts with a higher incidence of disease" were more likely to show a halo effect "on electoral outcomes."
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studied social workers who were accustomed to interacting with a diverse range of people and found that the majority experienced difficulty when asked to consider that a beautiful person was guilty of a
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In the automotive industry, exotic, limited production luxury models or low-volume sports cars made by a manufacturer's racing, motorsports, or in-house modification teams, are sometimes referred to as
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Eagly, Alice H.; Ashmore, Richard D.; Makhijani, Mona G.; Longo, Laura C. (1991). "What is beautiful is good, but . . .: A meta-analytic review of research on the physical attractiveness stereotype".
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information. The halo effect is an evaluation by an individual and can affect the perception of a decision, action, idea, business, person, group, entity, or other whenever concrete data is
111:. A simplified example of the halo effect is when a person, after noticing that an individual in a photograph is attractive, well groomed, and properly attired, then assumes, using a mental
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elementary school teachers watched videotapes of what they believed to be children in regular 4th-grade classrooms. In reality, the children were actors, depicting behaviors present in
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Efran, Michael G. (June 1974). "The effect of physical appearance on the judgment of guilt, interpersonal attraction, and severity of recommended punishment in a simulated jury task".
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generated enthusiasm for the corporation's other products. Advertising often makes use of television shows, movies and those who star in them, to promote products via the halo effect.
115:, that the person in the photograph is a good person based upon the rules of their own social concept. This constant error in judgment is reflective of the individual's preferences,
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by feelings of jealousy in women or the halo effect is lessened when women are looking at same sex individuals or the attractiveness halo effect can be controlled for in women.
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the halo effect is a perception error that distorts the way a person sees someone, and cognitive bias is a perception error that distorts the way that people see themselves.
187:". One common halo effect is when the perceived positive features of a particular item extend to a broader brand. A notable example is the manner in which the popularity of
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The halo effect is a perception distortion (or cognitive bias) that affects the way people interpret the information about someone with whom they have formed a positive
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Forgas, Joseph P. (December 2011). "She just doesn't look like a philosopher…? Affective influences on the halo effect in impression formation: Mood and halo effects".
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Abikoff, Howard; Courtney, Mary; Pelham, William E.; Koplewicz, Harold S. (October 1993). "Teachers' ratings of disruptive behaviors: The influence of halo effects".
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Wade, T. Joel; DiMaria, Cristina (1 May 2003). "Weight Halo
Effects: Individual Differences in Perceived Life Success as a Function of Women's Race and Weight".
203:" for the effect they are intended to produce on selling other vehicles within the make. To contrast this with the automotive terminology "flagship model", see
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Wade, T Joel; DiMaria, Cristina (2003). "Weight Halo
Effects: Individual Differences in Perceived Life Success as a Function of Women's Race and Weight".
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to explain consumer bias toward certain products because of favorable experience with other products made by the same company. It is used in the part of
1439:"Using a decision support optimisation software tool to maximise returns from an overall marketing budget: A case study from a B-to-C marketing company"
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Verhulst, Brad; Lodge, Milton; Lavine, Howard (June 2010). "The
Attractiveness Halo: Why Some Candidates are Perceived More Favorably than Others".
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Surawski, Melissa K.; Ossoff, Elizabeth P. (March 2006). "The effects of physical and vocal attractiveness on impression formation of politicians".
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conducted a study on the relationship between attractiveness and the halo effect. Sixty students, thirty males and thirty females from the
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which can prevent someone from forming an image of a person, a product or a brand based on the sum of all objective circumstances at hand.
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Palmer, Carl L.; Peterson, Rolfe D. (March 2016). "Halo
Effects and the Attractiveness Premium in Perceptions of Political Expertise".
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exposures to side-by-side photos of two US congressional candidates were reasonably predictive of election outcomes. Similar studies (
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Herrmann, Michael; Shikano, Susumu (2016). "Attractiveness and Facial Competence Bias Face-Based Inferences of Candidate Ideology".
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Landy, David; Sigall, Harold (1974). "Beauty is talent: Task evaluation as a function of the performer's physical attractiveness".
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Murphy, Kevin R.; Jako, Robert A.; Anhalt, Rebecca L. (April 1993). "Nature and consequences of halo error: A critical analysis".
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Gibson, Jeremy L.; Gore, Jonathan S. (December 2016). "Is He a Hero or a Weirdo? How Norm Violations Influence the Halo Effect".
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found that some women were influenced by the halo effect on attractiveness only when presented with members of the opposite sex.
147:, in which a person making an initial assessment of another person, place, or thing will assume ambiguous information based upon
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Foster, Glen; Ysseldyke, James (January 1976). "Expectancy and halo effects as a result of artificially induced teacher bias".
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Provencher, Véronique; Jacob, Raphaëlle (March 2016). "Impact of Perceived Healthiness of Food on Food Choices and Intake".
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Levy, Leon H.; Dugan, Robert D. (July 1960). "A constant error approach to the study of dimensions of social perception".
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to increase sales of a product; it can result in increased consumption of the product in the halo which may be unhealthy.
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Greenwald, Anthony G.; Banaji, Mahzarin R. (1995). "Implicit social cognition: Attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes".
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Timothy Coombs, W.; Holladay, Sherry J. (April 2006). "Unpacking the halo effect: reputation and crisis management".
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Nisbett, Richard E.; Wilson, Timothy D. (1977). "The halo effect: Evidence for unconscious alteration of judgments".
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states that how people perceive an individual characteristic affects their evaluation of other characteristics. The
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called "a living legacy" benefit from a halo effect when their overall accomplishments are subsequently evaluated.
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Richard E Nisbett; Timothy D Wilson (1977). "The halo effect: Evidence for unconscious alteration of judgments".
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take advantage of the halo effect and are "given the status of impartial moral watchdogs" by governments and the
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594:"In the work setting, the halo effect is most likely to show up in a supervisor's appraisal of a subordinate's
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Coombs, Timothy W; Holladay, Sherry J (2006). "Unpacking the halo effect: reputation and crisis management".
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Kaplan, Robert M. (1 April 1978). "Is beauty talent? Sex interaction in the attractiveness halo effect".
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The textbook has been revised more than once, and the mainframe program from 1966 is now a PC program.
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Feeley, Thomas Hugh (October 2002). "Comment on Halo Effects in Rating and Evaluation Research".
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refers to the rater's failure to identify different behaviors of the person being evaluated.
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The effect works in both positive and negative directions (and is hence sometimes called the
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altruism, conventionality, self-assertiveness, stability, emotionality, trustworthiness,
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found the halo effect is also present in the classroom. In this study, both regular and
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that have used their status to move away from their stated goals. Political scientist
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Lachman, Sheldon J.; Bass, Alan R. (November 1985). "A Direct Study of Halo Effect".
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officers to evaluate their soldiers in terms of physical qualities (neatness, voice,
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Dion, Karen; Berscheid, Ellen; Walster, Elaine (1972). "What is beautiful is good".
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2349:"Intelligence and attractiveness in the face: Beyond the attractiveness halo effect"
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states that global evaluation affects the rating of individual characteristics. The
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The Halo Effect: . . . and the Eight Other Business Delusions That Deceive Managers
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2527:(1st ed.). Publishing Division o f the American Management Association.
2020:
1177:
The Halo Effect and the Eight Other Business Delusions That Deceive Managers
176:
116:
112:
2365:
2348:
2234:"The right look: Conservative politicians look better and voters reward it"
1875:"Cognitive bias." Leadership Glossary: Essential Terms for the 21st Century
1595:
1536:
1245:
1097:
17:
2695:
2648:
1701:
Klein, Jill; Dawar, Niraj (2004). "Evaluations in a Product-Harm Crisis".
1054:
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120:
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217:
A halo effect with regard to health, dubbed a "health halo", is used in
2640:
2325:
2260:
2209:
2134:
2046:"Citations Classics - Commentary on 'What is beautiful is good' (1972)"
703:
2427:
1151:(1st ed.). New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux. pp. 82–88.
2883:
2797:
2687:
2481:
2298:
2183:
Poutvaara, Panu; Jordahl, Henrik; Berggren, Niclas (September 2009).
1848:
The Concise Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology and Behavioral Science
1287:
1089:
2867:
2232:
Berggren, Niclas; Jordahl, Henrik; Poutvaara, Panu (February 2017).
2275:
Dermer, Marshall; Thiel, Darrel L. (1975). "When beauty may fail".
2933:
1560:"What's that you're eating? Social comparison and eating behavior"
27:
Tendency for positive impressions to contaminate other evaluations
3022:
1443:
Journal of Database Marketing & Customer Strategy Management
324:
192:
2995:
1732:. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Publishers. p. 63.
598:. In fact, the halo effect is probably the most common bias in
1370:"For advertisers, the Emmy halo effect is a thing of the past"
557:
233:
36:
30:
This article is about the cognitive bias. For other uses, see
2347:
Moore, F. R.; Filippou, D.; Perrett, D. I. (September 2011).
1437:
Rowson, Paul; Thompson, Howard; Berry, Julian (1 June 2012).
395:
in female and male faces while attempting to control for the
2602:
Andrew Edward White; Douglas T. Kenrick (November 1, 2013).
765:
The Times was referring to F. D. Roosevelt and Ronald Reagan
2013:"How to avoid the Halo Effect in your company's decissions"
1730:
Organizational Behavior, Theory, and Design in Health Care
2991:
915:
913:
911:
909:
805:"Understanding Marketing Psychology and the Halo Effect"
786:"Halo Effect | Definition of Halo Effect by Lexico"
450:
futures due to corresponding socially desirable traits.
1018:
1016:
1630:"The 'halo effect' shields NGOs from media scrutiny"
1349:"Apple puts iPod halo to test with Shuffle and Mini"
486:
388:
359:
210:
Advertising in one channel has been shown to have a
3652:
3517:
3392:
3029:
302:Thorndike's study showed how there was too great a
143:It is a type of immediate judgment discrepancy, or
2953:"The Halo Effect: When Your Own Mind is a Mystery"
1115:(1st ed.). Elsevier Science & Technology.
2977:(reprint ed.). London: Pinter & Martin.
1200:Zhang, Zhongheng; Poucke, Sven Van (2017-01-03).
610:
224:The term "halo effect" has also been applied to
1779:"Do Metal Detectors Work Better on Wet Ground?"
1113:Elsevier's Dictionary of Psychological Theories
575:
56:for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling
1703:International Journal of Research in Marketing
499:explanatory models. The first model named the
431:
3007:
2525:The AMA Dictionary of Business and Management
1841:
1839:
1837:
1270:Sigall, Harold; Ostrove, Nancy (1975-03-01).
1078:The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology
831:Bethel, Ann; Knapp, T (2010). "Halo Effect".
747:of advertising expenditures of prior periods.
460:A study presented two hypothetical crimes: a
8:
2845:Palmer, Carl L.; Peterson, Rolfe D. (2012).
2786:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
2666:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
2540:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
2510:"Mental Model: Horns Effect and Halo Effect"
2277:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
1892:. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. p. 168.
1276:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
1170:
1168:
870:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
2868:"A constant error in psychological ratings"
1142:
1140:
481:
380:
3670:Heuristics in judgment and decision-making
3014:
3000:
2992:
1846:Edward, Craighead (2004). "Rater Errors".
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1122:
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2559:
2496:"Halo and horns effects in rating errors"
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2189:Journal of Experimental Social Psychology
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1255:
1235:
1225:
1036:
889:
856:
545:wrote of the devil effect in relation to
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
2960:Steinberg, Gerald M (30 December 2009).
566:attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
777:
720:
453:
2378:
2376:
1987:
1985:
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477:
123:, aspirations, and social perception.
2470:European Journal of Social Psychology
2416:European Journal of Social Psychology
2408:
2406:
2039:
2037:
1934:
1932:
1757:. New York: Free Press. pp. xv.
1651:. Ronald House Durham. Archived from
446:
234:non-governmental organizations (NGOs)
155:or influences ambiguous information.
7:
2629:Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology
953:
951:
852:
850:
848:
846:
487:Moore, Filippou & Perrett (2011)
389:Moore, Filippou & Perrett (2011)
360:Dion, Berscheid & Walster (1972)
2734:Contemporary Educational Psychology
2585:"Hugo Chávez's reverse-halo effect"
1877:(1st ed.). Mission Bell Media.
1828:The Gale Encyclopedia of Psychology
1676:Journal of Communication Management
1628:Naftali Balanson (8 October 2008).
1480:Journal of Communication Management
1323:"Apple shares surfs on big profits"
214:on advertising in another channel.
2962:"Human Rights NGOs Need a Monitor"
2713:Journal of Research in Personality
2397:10.1111/j.1468-2958.2002.tb00825.x
2353:Journal of Evolutionary Psychology
2017:HR for Small and Medium businesses
1998:Salem Press Encyclopedia of Health
1890:Cognitive Biases in Visualizations
833:Dictionary of Nursing and Research
337:Physical attractiveness stereotype
25:
1412:"What good is a halo car anyway?"
1410:Frank, Michael (31 August 2012).
1389:Melanie Abrams (August 1, 2017).
2583:Glennie, Jonathan (3 May 2011).
636:
611:Murphy, Jako & Anhalt (1993)
41:
2604:"Why Attractive Candidates Win"
1609:Nathan Jeffray (24 June 2010).
1558:Polivy, Janet (December 2017).
1368:Anthony Crupi (July 16, 2019).
509:inadequate discrimination model
2523:Kurian, George Thomas (2013).
1715:10.1016/j.ijresmar.2003.12.003
422:Officeholders who create what
1:
2872:Journal of Applied Psychology
2818:Journal of Applied Psychology
2251:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2016.12.008
2150:Journal of Nonverbal Behavior
1611:"Interview: Gerald Steinberg"
1175:Philip M. Rosenzweig (2014).
972:10.1080/00223980.1985.9915460
576:Foster & Ysseldyke (1976)
570:oppositional defiant disorder
268:object is called its "halo."
2777:10.1016/j.intell.2004.03.003
2746:10.1016/0361-476X(76)90005-9
2725:10.1016/0092-6566(74)90044-0
2385:Human Communication Research
1418:. Hearst Communications, Inc
1227:10.1371/journal.pone.0169398
1179:. New York, NY: Free Press.
839:– via Credo Reference.
3536:DĂ©formation professionnelle
2973:Sutherland, Stuart (2007).
2930:Social development in India
2455:10.1037/0033-2909.110.1.109
2238:Journal of Public Economics
2011:SMES, HR for (2021-01-19).
1564:Journal of Eating Disorders
1111:Roeckelein, Jon. E (2006).
3741:
3530:Basking in reflected glory
2901:American Politics Research
2830:10.1037/0021-9010.78.2.218
2552:10.1037/0022-3514.35.4.250
2201:10.1016/j.jesp.2009.06.007
1826:Longe, Jacqueline (2016).
882:10.1037/0022-3514.35.4.250
527:
432:Palmer & Peterson 2012
375:Academics and intelligence
334:
226:human rights organizations
29:
3678:
3660:Cognitive bias mitigation
2162:10.1007/s10919-009-0084-z
2100:10.1007/s12144-006-1013-5
1810:10.1108/09504120610709402
1688:10.1108/13632540610664698
1577:10.1186/s40337-017-0148-0
1519:10.1007/s13679-016-0192-0
1492:10.1108/13632540610664698
1391:"The Wonder Woman Effect"
1131:Choices & Connections
1047:10.1037/0033-295x.102.1.4
960:The Journal of Psychology
934:10.1007/s12147-016-9173-6
606:Further research findings
482:Dermer & Thiel (1975)
381:Landy & Sigall (1974)
353:attractiveness stereotype
3244:Illusion of transparency
2966:The Jewish Daily Forward
2928:Chandra, Ramesh (2004).
2913:10.1177/1532673x15600517
2866:Thorndike, E.L. (1920).
1943:. Lake Union Publishing.
1888:Ellis, Geoffrey (2018).
1753:Phil Rosenzweig (2014).
1728:Nancy Borkowski (2015).
1147:Daniel Kahneman (2013).
743:is compensated from the
699:List of cognitive biases
501:general impression model
391:sought residual cues to
127:Context and applications
2044:Dion, Karen K. (1990).
1968:10.1023/A:1023582629538
1939:LeClaire, Anne (2017).
1507:Current Obesity Reports
1149:Thinking, fast and slow
999:10.1023/A:1023582629538
803:Al Ries (17 Apr 2006).
515:The reverse halo effect
505:salient dimension model
364:University of Minnesota
107:The term was coined by
3715:Educational psychology
2443:Psychological Bulletin
2366:10.1556/jep.9.2011.3.2
669:Attribute substitution
387:Research conducted by
331:Role of attractiveness
96:(sometimes called the
3612:Arab–Israeli conflict
3339:Social influence bias
3284:Out-group homogeneity
2951:Dean, Jeremy (2007).
2811:. New York: Washburn.
1918:, The Free Dictionary
1915:Horns and halo effect
684:Dunning–Kruger effect
600:performance appraisal
558:Abikoff et al. (1993)
325:horns and halo effect
245:Ronald McDonald House
3254:Mere-exposure effect
3184:Extrinsic incentives
3130:Selective perception
2805:Monahan, F. (1941).
2123:Political Psychology
1992:Lasky, Jack (2020).
1615:The Jewish Chronicle
1025:Psychological Review
813:. Crain Publications
694:Illusory superiority
438:The judicial context
3479:Social desirability
3374:von Restorff effect
3249:Mean world syndrome
3224:Hostile attribution
2512:. 12 November 2011.
2075:. January 30, 1982.
1873:Jeni Mcray (2015).
1830:. pp. 507–509.
1456:10.1057/dbm.2012.10
1218:2017PLoSO..1269398Z
1129:McCornack, Steven.
745:effective frequency
689:In-group favoritism
664:Association fallacy
290:Supporting evidence
3720:1920 introductions
3394:Statistical biases
3172:Curse of knowledge
2641:10.1007/BF00916317
2609:The New York Times
2326:10.1007/BF00287500
2135:10.1111/pops.12256
2088:Current Psychology
2072:The New York Times
1655:on 3 December 2013
1649:"Corporate Donors"
1634:The Jerusalem Post
1528:20.500.11794/13474
1396:The New York Times
1357:. 17 January 2005.
792:on August 2, 2017.
473:Gender differences
424:The New York Times
60:You can assist by
3697:
3696:
3334:Social comparison
3115:Choice-supportive
2984:978-1-905177-07-3
2943:978-81-8205-024-2
2428:10.1002/ejsp.2353
1962:(9/10): 461–465.
1899:978-3-319-95830-9
1798:Reference Reviews
1764:978-0-7432-9125-5
1739:978-1-284-05088-2
1416:Popular Mechanics
1329:. 13 January 2005
1304:. 27 October 2008
1186:978-1-4767-8403-8
1158:978-0-374-53355-7
729:Net Present Value
644:Psychology portal
581:mentally retarded
562:special education
418:Political effects
232:has claimed that
90:
89:
82:
16:(Redirected from
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3710:Cognitive biases
3494:Systematic error
3449:Omitted-variable
3364:Trait ascription
3204:Frog pond effect
3032:Cognitive biases
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659:Affect heuristic
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279:Edward Thorndike
230:Gerald Steinberg
109:Edward Thorndike
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3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3309:Pro-innovation
3306:
3301:
3296:
3294:Overton window
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3175:
3174:
3164:
3162:Dunning–Kruger
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3133:
3132:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3101:
3100:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3079:
3078:
3076:Correspondence
3073:
3071:Actor–observer
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3037:
3035:
3030:
3027:
3026:
3021:
3019:
3018:
3011:
3004:
2996:
2990:
2989:
2983:
2970:
2957:
2948:
2942:
2925:
2907:(2): 353–382.
2894:
2891:
2889:
2888:
2863:
2861:on 2014-03-09.
2842:
2824:(2): 218–225.
2813:
2808:Women in Crime
2802:
2792:(3): 299–304.
2781:
2761:(3): 227–243.
2750:
2729:
2708:
2672:(3): 285–290.
2661:
2635:(5): 519–533.
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2615:
2594:
2575:
2530:
2515:
2501:
2487:
2476:(7): 812–817.
2460:
2449:(1): 109–128.
2433:
2422:(5): 701–717.
2402:
2391:(4): 578–586.
2372:
2359:(3): 205–217.
2339:
2320:(2): 195–204.
2304:
2267:
2224:
2175:
2156:(2): 111–117.
2140:
2129:(3): 401–417.
2113:
2078:
2058:
2033:
2003:
1981:
1946:
1928:
1905:
1898:
1880:
1865:
1853:
1833:
1815:
1784:
1770:
1763:
1745:
1738:
1720:
1693:
1666:
1639:
1620:
1601:
1550:
1497:
1486:(2): 123–137.
1470:
1449:(2): 138–142.
1429:
1402:
1381:
1360:
1340:
1314:
1293:
1282:(3): 410–414.
1251:
1192:
1185:
1164:
1157:
1136:
1118:
1103:
1068:
1012:
993:(9): 461–465.
977:
966:(6): 535–540.
947:
928:(4): 299–310.
905:
876:(4): 250–256.
860:
857:Thorndike 1920
842:
823:
795:
776:
774:
771:
768:
767:
758:
749:
732:
719:
718:
716:
713:
712:
711:
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
681:
679:Dr. Fox effect
676:
674:Body privilege
671:
666:
661:
656:
648:
647:
631:
628:
607:
604:
588:
585:
554:
551:
528:Main article:
525:
522:
516:
513:
495:
492:
474:
471:
470:
469:
458:
454:Monahan (1941)
451:
439:
436:
419:
416:
397:attractiveness
376:
373:
347:
346:On personality
344:
332:
329:
312:
311:Cognitive bias
309:
291:
288:
283:attractiveness
273:
270:
256:
253:
219:food marketing
168:
165:
145:cognitive bias
133:
130:
128:
125:
102:cognitive bias
88:
87:
49:
47:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3737:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3707:
3705:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3681:
3680:
3677:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3657:
3655:
3651:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3607:United States
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3582:False balance
3580:
3579:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3537:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3522:
3520:
3516:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3454:Participation
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3423:
3422:Psychological
3420:
3419:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3399:
3397:
3395:
3391:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3189:Fading affect
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3173:
3170:
3169:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3131:
3128:
3127:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3099:
3096:
3095:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3068:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3028:
3024:
3017:
3012:
3010:
3005:
3003:
2998:
2997:
2994:
2986:
2980:
2976:
2975:Irrationality
2971:
2967:
2963:
2958:
2954:
2949:
2945:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2897:
2896:
2892:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2864:
2857:
2850:
2849:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2814:
2810:
2809:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2625:
2624:
2619:
2611:
2610:
2605:
2598:
2595:
2590:
2586:
2579:
2576:
2571:
2567:
2562:
2561:2027.42/92158
2557:
2553:
2549:
2546:(4): 250–56.
2545:
2541:
2534:
2531:
2526:
2519:
2516:
2511:
2505:
2502:
2497:
2491:
2488:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2464:
2461:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2437:
2434:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2409:
2407:
2403:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2379:
2377:
2373:
2367:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2343:
2340:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2308:
2305:
2300:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2271:
2268:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2228:
2225:
2220:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2179:
2176:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2144:
2141:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2117:
2114:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2082:
2079:
2074:
2073:
2068:
2067:"Halo Effect"
2062:
2059:
2054:
2047:
2040:
2038:
2034:
2023:on 2021-06-24
2022:
2018:
2014:
2007:
2004:
1999:
1995:
1994:"Halo Effect"
1988:
1986:
1982:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1950:
1947:
1942:
1935:
1933:
1929:
1922:September 30,
1917:
1916:
1909:
1906:
1901:
1895:
1891:
1884:
1881:
1876:
1869:
1866:
1863:, p. 27.
1862:
1857:
1854:
1849:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1834:
1829:
1822:
1820:
1816:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1791:
1789:
1785:
1780:
1774:
1771:
1766:
1760:
1756:
1749:
1746:
1741:
1735:
1731:
1724:
1721:
1716:
1712:
1709:(3): 203–17.
1708:
1704:
1697:
1694:
1689:
1685:
1682:(2): 123–37.
1681:
1677:
1670:
1667:
1654:
1650:
1647:Nancy Jones.
1643:
1640:
1635:
1631:
1624:
1621:
1616:
1612:
1605:
1602:
1597:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1554:
1551:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1501:
1498:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1474:
1471:
1466:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1433:
1430:
1417:
1413:
1406:
1403:
1398:
1397:
1392:
1385:
1382:
1377:
1376:
1371:
1364:
1361:
1356:
1355:
1350:
1344:
1341:
1328:
1324:
1318:
1315:
1303:
1302:"Halo Effect"
1297:
1294:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1252:
1247:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1196:
1193:
1188:
1182:
1178:
1171:
1169:
1165:
1160:
1154:
1150:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1132:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1114:
1107:
1104:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1072:
1069:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
981:
978:
973:
969:
965:
961:
954:
952:
948:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
922:Gender Issues
916:
914:
912:
910:
906:
901:
897:
892:
891:2027.42/92158
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
864:
861:
858:
853:
851:
849:
847:
843:
838:
834:
827:
824:
812:
811:
806:
799:
796:
791:
787:
781:
778:
772:
762:
759:
753:
750:
746:
742:
736:
733:
730:
724:
721:
714:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
654:
650:
649:
645:
634:
629:
627:
623:
620:
619:Forgas (2011)
615:
612:
605:
603:
601:
597:
592:
586:
584:
582:
577:
573:
571:
567:
563:
559:
552:
550:
548:
544:
543:
538:
531:
523:
521:
514:
512:
510:
506:
502:
493:
491:
488:
483:
479:
478:Kaplan (1978)
472:
467:
463:
459:
455:
452:
448:
445:
444:
443:
437:
435:
433:
427:
425:
417:
415:
412:
408:
403:
398:
394:
390:
385:
382:
374:
372:
370:
365:
361:
357:
354:
345:
343:
338:
330:
328:
326:
321:
317:
310:
308:
305:
300:
298:
289:
287:
284:
280:
271:
269:
265:
261:
254:
252:
248:
246:
241:
239:
235:
231:
227:
222:
220:
215:
213:
208:
206:
202:
196:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
166:
164:
162:
156:
154:
150:
146:
141:
139:
131:
126:
124:
122:
118:
114:
110:
105:
103:
99:
95:
84:
81:
73:
63:
57:
55:
50:This article
48:
39:
38:
33:
19:
3567:In education
3534:
3518:Other biases
3504:Verification
3489:Survivorship
3439:Non-response
3412:Healthy user
3354:Substitution
3329:Self-serving
3208:
3125:Confirmation
3093:Availability
3041:Acquiescence
2974:
2965:
2929:
2904:
2900:
2878:(1): 25–29.
2875:
2871:
2856:the original
2847:
2821:
2817:
2807:
2789:
2785:
2758:
2755:Intelligence
2754:
2740:(1): 37–45.
2737:
2733:
2719:(1): 45–54.
2716:
2712:
2669:
2665:
2632:
2628:
2620:Bibliography
2607:
2597:
2589:The Guardian
2588:
2578:
2543:
2539:
2533:
2524:
2518:
2504:
2490:
2473:
2469:
2463:
2446:
2442:
2436:
2419:
2415:
2388:
2384:
2356:
2352:
2342:
2317:
2313:
2307:
2280:
2276:
2270:
2241:
2237:
2227:
2192:
2188:
2178:
2153:
2149:
2143:
2126:
2122:
2116:
2094:(1): 15–27.
2091:
2087:
2081:
2070:
2061:
2052:
2025:. Retrieved
2021:the original
2016:
2006:
1997:
1959:
1955:
1949:
1940:
1920:, retrieved
1914:
1908:
1889:
1883:
1874:
1868:
1856:
1847:
1827:
1804:(8): 10–11.
1801:
1797:
1773:
1754:
1748:
1729:
1723:
1706:
1702:
1696:
1679:
1675:
1669:
1657:. Retrieved
1653:the original
1642:
1633:
1623:
1614:
1604:
1567:
1563:
1553:
1513:(1): 65–71.
1510:
1506:
1500:
1483:
1479:
1473:
1446:
1442:
1432:
1420:. Retrieved
1415:
1405:
1394:
1384:
1373:
1363:
1352:
1343:
1331:. Retrieved
1326:
1317:
1306:. Retrieved
1296:
1279:
1275:
1209:
1205:
1195:
1176:
1148:
1130:
1112:
1106:
1084:(1): 21–24.
1081:
1077:
1071:
1028:
1024:
990:
986:
980:
963:
959:
925:
921:
873:
869:
863:
836:
832:
826:
815:. Retrieved
808:
798:
790:the original
780:
761:
752:
740:
739:The loss of
735:
723:
651:
624:
616:
609:
593:
590:
587:Observations
574:
556:
542:The Guardian
540:
533:
518:
508:
504:
500:
497:
476:
447:Efran (1974)
441:
428:
423:
421:
410:
406:
402:heterosexual
393:intelligence
386:
378:
369:extraversion
358:
352:
349:
340:
322:
318:
314:
301:
293:
275:
266:
262:
258:
249:
242:
223:
216:
211:
209:
200:
197:
172:
170:
157:
142:
135:
106:
97:
93:
91:
76:
67:
54:copy editing
52:may require
51:
3634:Publication
3587:Vietnam War
3434:Length time
3417:Information
3359:Time-saving
3219:Horn effect
3209:Halo effect
3157:Distinction
3066:Attribution
3061:Attentional
2261:10419/81356
2210:10419/81455
1659:26 November
1422:12 December
1031:(1): 4–27.
727:related to
617:A study by
547:Hugo Chavez
530:Horn effect
379:A study by
304:correlation
212:halo effect
175:is used in
173:halo effect
161:horn effect
153:generalized
94:halo effect
18:Halo Effect
3704:Categories
3597:South Asia
3572:Liking gap
3384:In animals
3349:Status quo
3264:Negativity
3167:Egocentric
3142:Congruence
3120:Commitment
3110:Blind spot
3098:Mean world
3088:Automation
2955:. PsyBlog.
2027:2021-06-18
1333:18 January
1308:2017-12-09
817:2017-07-31
773:References
709:Team error
653:Ad hominem
335:See also:
255:Other uses
238:news media
132:Psychology
117:prejudices
98:halo error
70:March 2024
62:editing it
3665:Debiasing
3644:White hat
3639:Reporting
3552:Inductive
3469:Selection
3429:Lead time
3402:Estimator
3379:Zero-risk
3344:Spotlight
3324:Restraint
3314:Proximity
3299:Precision
3259:Narrative
3214:Hindsight
3199:Frequency
3179:Emotional
3152:Declinism
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