1059:
418:
Vaillancourt, Frédéric H.; Yeh, Ellen; Vosburg, David A.; Garneau-Tsodikova, Sylvie; Walsh, Christopher T. (2006). "Nature's
Inventory of Halogenation Catalysts: Oxidative Strategies Predominate".
69:) is generally favorable process. It is practiced industrially on a large scale for example. In nature, however, free halogens do not exist in appreciable amounts. The combination of
92:. The oxidation of these anions by hydrogen peroxide is slow in the absence of enzymes. These enzymes are called haloperoxidases. The reaction that they catalyze is:
551:
401:
S.L. Neidleman, J. Geigert (1986) Biohalogenation - principles, basic roles and applications; Ellis
Horwood Ltd Publishers; Chichester;
461:
Eosinophils preferentially use bromide to generate halogenating agents - Mayeno et al. 264 (10): 5660 - Journal of
Biological Chemistry
778:
406:
454:
934:
158:
The table shows the classification of haloperoxidases according to the halides whose oxidation they are able to catalyze.
1049:
240:
dye. The enzyme is very specific to bromide and physically stable, but has not been characterized as to its active site.
215:
is also capable of oxidizing these substrates, but its heme is not covalently bound and becomes damaged during turnover.
919:
1035:
1022:
1009:
996:
983:
970:
957:
707:
577:
544:
39:
929:
883:
826:
690:
568:
382:
329:
219:
831:
695:
605:
665:
615:
356:
212:
161:
The classification of these enzymes by substrate-usability does not necessarily indicate enzyme substrate
852:
771:
610:
595:
280:
185:
166:
924:
537:
888:
324:
257:
1079:
821:
680:
366:
515:
435:
402:
343:
70:
35:
867:
862:
836:
764:
590:
505:
495:
427:
134:
perspective under natural conditions, i.e., a temperature range of about 0–30 °C and a
914:
898:
811:
725:
720:
675:
670:
585:
458:
314:
293:
270:
233:
181:
177:
115:
529:
1063:
952:
893:
560:
510:
483:
452:
1073:
857:
816:
711:
237:
131:
806:
470:
189:
222:
in marine organisms (fungi, bacteria, microalgae, perhaps other eukaryotes) uses
1030:
965:
801:
628:
352:
192:
23:
1058:
685:
564:
320:
276:
266:
208:
1004:
978:
500:
204:
200:
143:
27:
519:
484:"Exploring the chemistry and biology of vanadium-dependent haloperoxidases"
439:
600:
223:
147:
119:
362:
123:
31:
431:
1017:
787:
306:
127:
991:
745:
740:
735:
730:
334:
310:
229:
139:
38:. Both halides and hydrogen peroxide are widely available in the
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
623:
302:
196:
760:
533:
73:, which is widely produced by aerobic life, and halide anions
472:
Role of Heme-Protein
Covalent Bonds in Mammalian Peroxidases
226:
and hydrogen peroxide to brominate electrophilic organics.
199:
prosthetic group covalently bound by two ester linkages to
135:
756:
173:
to oxidize chloride, it preferentially oxidizes bromide.
207:
side-chains. MPO has a third covalent link through a
150:(E°= 2.87 V) cannot be oxidized by hydrogen peroxide.
1047:
50:
Halogenations of organic compounds by free halogens (
943:
907:
876:
845:
794:
706:
576:
242:
772:
545:
337:snail bromoperoxidase (does not use I or Cl)
8:
118:confirms that hydrogen peroxide can oxidize
114:From the perspective of thermodynamics, the
46:Mechanistic and thermodynamic considerations
779:
765:
757:
552:
538:
530:
509:
499:
188:(EPO) are also capable of oxidizing the
106:
102:
98:
88:
84:
80:
65:
61:
57:
53:
1054:
394:
7:
332:,(marine algae, other marine spp.?),
482:Winter, JM; Moore, BS (July 2009).
14:
1057:
176:The mammalian haloperoxidases
1:
26:that are able to mediate the
195:(SCN). They each contain a
105:+ H + R−H → X + 2 H
77:provides the equivalent of
1096:
935:Michaelis–Menten kinetics
283:, can use Cl, prefers Br)
827:Diffusion-limited enzyme
691:Iodothyronine deiodinase
383:Vanadium bromoperoxidase
330:vanadium bromoperoxidase
220:vanadium bromoperoxidase
142:soil layer) to about 8 (
696:Iodotyrosine deiodinase
606:Cytochrome c peroxidase
501:10.1074/jbc.R109.001602
666:Horseradish peroxidase
616:Glutathione peroxidase
357:horseradish peroxidase
213:Horseradish peroxidase
165:For example, although
138:ranging from about 3 (
920:Eadie–Hofstee diagram
853:Allosteric regulation
611:Eosinophil peroxidase
596:Fatty-acid peroxidase
281:eosinophil peroxidase
186:eosinophil peroxidase
167:eosinophil peroxidase
130:(E°= 0.536 V) from a
930:Lineweaver–Burk plot
286:Caldariomyces fumago
889:Enzyme superfamily
822:Enzyme promiscuity
681:Thyroid peroxidase
457:2009-05-26 at the
367:thyroid peroxidase
249:Oxidisable halide
126:(E°= 1.09 V), and
1045:
1044:
754:
753:
432:10.1021/cr050313i
374:
373:
71:hydrogen peroxide
64:, and sometimes I
36:hydrogen peroxide
1087:
1062:
1061:
1053:
925:Hanes–Woolf plot
868:Enzyme activator
863:Enzyme inhibitor
837:Enzyme catalysis
781:
774:
767:
758:
591:NADPH peroxidase
554:
547:
540:
531:
524:
523:
513:
503:
494:(28): 18577–81.
479:
473:
468:
462:
450:
444:
443:
426:(8): 3364–3378.
420:Chemical Reviews
415:
409:
399:
258:Chloroperoxidase
243:
236:used to produce
110:
91:
76:
68:
16:Class of enzymes
1095:
1094:
1090:
1089:
1088:
1086:
1085:
1084:
1070:
1069:
1068:
1056:
1048:
1046:
1041:
953:Oxidoreductases
939:
915:Enzyme kinetics
903:
899:List of enzymes
872:
841:
812:Catalytic triad
790:
785:
755:
750:
702:
676:Myeloperoxidase
671:Lactoperoxidase
586:NADH peroxidase
572:
561:Oxidoreductases
558:
528:
527:
481:
480:
476:
469:
465:
459:Wayback Machine
451:
447:
417:
416:
412:
400:
396:
391:
379:
360:
333:
328:
318:
315:lactoperoxidase
294:Bromoperoxidase
284:
274:
271:myeloperoxidase
246:Haloperoxidase
234:bromoperoxidase
182:lactoperoxidase
178:myeloperoxidase
156:
116:Nernst equation
108:
104:
100:
96:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
48:
20:Haloperoxidases
17:
12:
11:
5:
1093:
1091:
1083:
1082:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1066:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1039:
1026:
1013:
1000:
987:
974:
961:
947:
945:
941:
940:
938:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
911:
909:
905:
904:
902:
901:
896:
891:
886:
880:
878:
877:Classification
874:
873:
871:
870:
865:
860:
855:
849:
847:
843:
842:
840:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
798:
796:
792:
791:
786:
784:
783:
776:
769:
761:
752:
751:
749:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
717:
715:
704:
703:
701:
700:
699:
698:
693:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
662:
661:
656:
651:
646:
641:
636:
631:
626:
613:
608:
603:
598:
593:
588:
582:
580:
574:
573:
559:
557:
556:
549:
542:
534:
526:
525:
474:
463:
445:
410:
393:
392:
390:
387:
386:
385:
378:
375:
372:
371:
350:
347:
344:Iodoperoxidase
340:
339:
300:
297:
290:
289:
264:
261:
254:
253:
252:Origin, Notes
250:
247:
232:snails have a
155:
154:Classification
152:
122:(E°= 1.36 V),
112:
111:
47:
44:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1092:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1075:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1051:
1037:
1033:
1032:
1027:
1024:
1020:
1019:
1014:
1011:
1007:
1006:
1001:
998:
994:
993:
988:
985:
981:
980:
975:
972:
968:
967:
962:
959:
955:
954:
949:
948:
946:
942:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
912:
910:
906:
900:
897:
895:
894:Enzyme family
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
881:
879:
875:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
858:Cooperativity
856:
854:
851:
850:
848:
844:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
817:Oxyanion hole
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
799:
797:
793:
789:
782:
777:
775:
770:
768:
763:
762:
759:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
718:
716:
713:
712:peroxiredoxin
709:
705:
697:
694:
692:
689:
688:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
619:
618:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
583:
581:
579:
575:
570:
566:
562:
555:
550:
548:
543:
541:
536:
535:
532:
521:
517:
512:
507:
502:
497:
493:
489:
488:J. Biol. Chem
485:
478:
475:
471:
467:
464:
460:
456:
453:
449:
446:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
414:
411:
408:
407:0-85312-984-3
404:
398:
395:
388:
384:
381:
380:
376:
370:
368:
364:
358:
354:
351:
348:
345:
342:
341:
338:
336:
331:
326:
325:ovoperoxidase
322:
316:
312:
308:
304:
301:
298:
295:
292:
291:
288:
287:
282:
278:
272:
268:
265:
262:
259:
256:
255:
251:
248:
245:
244:
241:
239:
238:Tyrian purple
235:
231:
227:
225:
221:
216:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
191:
187:
183:
179:
174:
172:
168:
164:
159:
153:
151:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
132:thermodynamic
129:
125:
121:
117:
95:
94:
93:
72:
45:
43:
41:
37:
33:
29:
25:
21:
1031:Translocases
1028:
1015:
1002:
989:
976:
966:Transferases
963:
950:
807:Binding site
620:
491:
487:
477:
466:
448:
423:
419:
413:
397:
361:
319:
285:
275:
228:
217:
190:pseudohalide
175:
170:
162:
160:
157:
113:
49:
19:
18:
802:Active site
578:1.11.1.1-14
565:peroxidases
353:horseradish
277:eosinophils
267:neutrophils
218:A specific
193:thiocyanate
163:preference.
40:environment
24:peroxidases
1005:Isomerases
979:Hydrolases
846:Regulation
686:Deiodinase
389:References
321:sea urchin
263:Cl, Br, I
211:residue.
209:methionine
184:(LPO) and
1080:EC 1.11.1
884:EC number
708:1.11.1.15
205:glutamate
201:aspartate
144:sea water
109:O + R−X
75:Cl, Br, I
28:oxidation
1074:Category
908:Kinetics
832:Cofactor
795:Activity
601:Catalase
520:19363038
455:Archived
440:16895332
377:See also
224:vanadate
148:Fluoride
120:chloride
1064:Biology
1018:Ligases
788:Enzymes
511:2707250
363:thyroid
203:and/or
180:(MPO),
124:bromide
97:X + H
32:halides
1050:Portal
992:Lyases
518:
508:
438:
405:
346:(IPO)
323:eggs (
307:saliva
299:Br, I
296:(BPO)
260:(CPO)
128:iodide
944:Types
571:1.11)
335:Murex
311:tears
230:Murex
140:humic
1036:list
1029:EC7
1023:list
1016:EC6
1010:list
1003:EC5
997:list
990:EC4
984:list
977:EC3
971:list
964:EC2
958:list
951:EC1
516:PMID
436:PMID
403:ISBN
303:milk
197:heme
171:able
83:, Br
60:, Br
56:, Cl
22:are
621:GPX
506:PMC
496:doi
492:284
428:doi
424:106
169:is
146:).
87:, I
34:by
30:of
1076::
569:EC
563::
514:.
504:.
490:.
486:.
434:.
422:.
369:)
349:I
327:),
317:),
309:,
305:,
273:),
136:pH
79:Cl
42:.
1052::
1038:)
1034:(
1025:)
1021:(
1012:)
1008:(
999:)
995:(
986:)
982:(
973:)
969:(
960:)
956:(
780:e
773:t
766:v
746:6
741:5
736:4
731:3
726:2
721:1
714:)
710:(
659:8
654:7
649:6
644:5
639:4
634:3
629:2
624:1
567:(
553:e
546:t
539:v
522:.
498::
442:.
430::
365:(
359:)
355:(
313:(
279:(
269:(
107:2
103:2
101:O
99:2
89:2
85:2
81:2
66:2
62:2
58:2
54:2
52:F
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.