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Keslerus
Redivivus. Das ist/ Fünff hundert auserlesene Chymische Process und Artzneyen/ theils zu innerlichen und eusserlichen Leibskranckheiten/ theils auch zu Verbesserung der mindern Metallen hochnutzlich. Deren erstlich vier hundert durch Thomam Keslerum. An tag gegeben und zum vierdten mal
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was red hot, where all of a sudden glowing fumes filled it and liquid dripped out, bursting into flames. He could catch the liquid in a jar and cover it, where it solidified and continued to give off a pale-green glow. What he collected was phosphorus, which he named from the Greek word for
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of phosphorus. If he had ground up the entire residue he could have obtained many times more than this (1 litre of adult human urine contains about 1.4g of phosphorus salts, which amounts to around 0.11 grams of pure white phosphorus).
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Phosphorus must have been awe-inspiring to an alchemist: it was a product of man, and seeming to glow with a "life force" that did not diminish over time (and did not need re-exposure to light like the previously discovered
226:) into gold. By the time his first wife died he had exhausted her money on this pursuit. He then married his second wife Margaretha, a wealthy widow whose financial resources allowed him to continue the search.
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Brand's process yielded far less phosphorus than it could have. The salt part he discarded contained most of the phosphate. He used about 1,500 US gallons (5,700 L) of urine to produce just 120
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Let urine stand for days until it gives off a pungent smell. (This step was not necessary, as later scientists discovered that fresh urine yielded the same amount of phosphorus).
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as a young man. However, correspondence by his second wife
Margaretha states that he was of high social standing. In any case he held a post as a junior army officer during the
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auffgelegt/ an jetzo aber von einem vornehmen
Chymico auffs new ubersehen/ und mit Hinzusetzung des fünfften hunderten in forliche Ordnung und gewisse Classes gesetzet
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and tried combining it with various other materials, in hundreds of combinations. He had seen for instance a recipe in a book
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Like other alchemists of the time, Brand searched for the "philosopher's stone", a substance which supposedly transformed
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Though Brand initially kept his process for producing phosphorus from urine a secret, he later sold the recipe for 200
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phosphorus P, which comes off as a gas. Phosphorus condenses to a liquid below about 280°C and then solidifies (to the
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He was one of the many searchers for the philosopher's stone. In the process, he accidentally discovered phosphorus.
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Allow the remainder to cool, where it consists of a black spongy upper part and a salty lower part.
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660:(1933). "The discovery of the elements. XXI. Supplementary note on the discovery of phosphorus".
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or 1710. Some sources describe his origins as humble and indicate that he had been an apprentice
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The circumstances of Brand's birth are unknown but he was born in 1630 and died
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Around 1669 he heated residues from boiled-down urine on his furnace until the
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The chemical reaction Brand stumbled on was as follows. Urine contains
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was substantial, allowing him to pursue alchemy on leaving the army.
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397:"Phosphorus Starts With Pee In This Tale Of Scientific Serendipity"
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Discard the salt, mix the red oil back into the black material.
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456:"Did you know that phosphorus was discovered from ... urine?"
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Heat until a red oil distills up from it, and draw that off.
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The phosphorus may be passed into cold water to solidify.
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First white fumes come off, then an oil, then phosphorus.
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atoms from the phosphate react with carbon to produce
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367:from Dresden. Subsequently, both Swedish chemist
1531:Suspicions about the Hidden Realities of the Air
145:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
740:"Hennig Brandt and the Discovery of Phosphorus"
1308:Book of the Silvery Water and the Starry Earth
427:. Frankfurt: J.B. Wachter for G.A. Hermsdorff.
768:
95:. In 1669, Brand accidentally discovered the
8:
939:pseudo-Apollonius of Tyana (Balīnūs/Balīnās)
506:. The Rosen Publishing Group, 2007. p.
477:"Technique to recover phosphorus from urine"
596:"Godfrey-Hanckewitz; Ambrose (1660 - 1741)"
229:Like many before him, he was interested in
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1055:John of Rupescissa (Jean de Roquetaillade)
796:
775:
761:
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1343:Chymical Wedding of Christian Rosenkreutz
279:Boil urine to reduce it to a thick syrup.
176:Learn how and when to remove this message
533:The Story of Alchemy and Early Chemistry
291:Heat that mixture strongly for 16 hours.
388:
321:-based organics. Under strong heat the
1131:George Starkey (Eirenaeus Philalethes)
560:. Longman's Green and Co. p. 717.
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1211:Thomas Vaughan (Eugenius Philalethes)
556:Parkes, G. D.; Mellor, J. W. (1939).
535:. New York: Dover. pp. 418–419.
58:
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469:
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344:for carbon, and electric furnaces).
36:The Alchemist Discovering Phosphorus
1362:De consideratione quintae essentiae
558:Mellor's Modern Inorganic Chemistry
261:"light-bearing" or "light-bearer."
43:depicting Hennig Brand discovering
638:The Shocking History of Phosphorus
235:400 Auserlensene Chemische Process
25:
500:Michael A. Sommers (2007-08-15).
1798:Discoverers of chemical elements
1757:
1756:
1329:Buch der heiligen Dreifaltigkeit
122:
1296:Liber de compositione alchemiae
1020:(pseudo-)Arnaldus de Villa Nova
979:pseudo-Khālid ibn Yazīd (Calid)
827:Hermes Trismegistus (legendary)
572:"Hennig Brand | German chemist"
245:, published in 1630, for using
47:(the glow shown is exaggerated)
1545:Twelve Keys of Basil Valentine
738:Hansen, Bert (July 30, 2019).
730:Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie
371:(in 1678) and English chemist
313:(i.e. with Na) in the form of
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1788:17th-century German inventors
1612:Theatrum chemicum Britannicum
662:Journal of Chemical Education
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78:
71:
64:
1584:Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum
1570:Bibliotheca chemica curiosa
723:Alphons Oppenheim (1876), "
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1463:Rosary of the Philosophers
1449:Papyrus Graecus Holmiensis
1388:Liber Hermetis de alchemia
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1126:pseudo-Bernard of Treviso
959:Ibn Umayl (Senior Zadith)
929:Abū Bakr al-Rāzī (Rhazes)
745:Science History Institute
377:Ambrose Godfrey-Hanckwitz
359:to a Johann Daniel Kraft
102:while searching for the "
974:Jābir ibn Ḥayyān (Geber)
807:Agathodaemon (legendary)
709:"Brandt, Nicholas"
697:Today in Science History
531:Stillman, J. M. (1960).
420:Kessler, Thomas (1713).
131:This section includes a
91:who lived and worked in
1818:17th-century alchemists
1793:Scientists from Hamburg
1166:Jan Baptist van Helmont
906:Stephanus of Alexandria
576:Encyclopedia Britannica
214:Discovery of phosphorus
160:more precise citations.
999:al-Zahrāwī (Abulcasis)
715:Encyclopedia Americana
48:
1435:Nabataean Agriculture
1322:Books of the Balances
1171:Johann Rudolf Glauber
1141:Giovanni da Correggio
702:Elements - Phosphorus
642:. London: Macmillan.
203:and his first wife's
60:[ˈhɛnɪçbʁant]
56:German pronunciation:
33:
1680:In art/entertainment
1090:(pseudo-)Roger Bacon
852:Zosimos of Panopolis
847:Paphnutia the Virgin
1700:Philosophers' stone
1695:Pill of Immortality
1591:Fasciculus chemicus
1538:Turba philosophorum
1456:Physika kai mystika
1186:Michael Sendivogius
1065:pseudo-Michael Scot
901:pseudo-Olympiodorus
842:Ostanes (legendary)
674:1933JChEd..10..302W
104:philosopher's stone
1598:Musaeum Hermeticum
1524:Summa perfectionis
1503:(pseudo-Aristotle)
1493:Secret of Creation
1442:Ordinal of Alchemy
1085:pseudo-Ramon Llull
989:Maslama al-Qurṭubī
658:Weeks, Mary Elvira
462:. CNN. 2020-08-03.
133:list of references
70: –
49:
1783:German alchemists
1770:
1769:
1628:
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1605:Theatrum chemicum
1421:Mirror of Alchimy
1373:Tabula Smaragdina
1350:Clavis sapientiae
1289:Aurora consurgens
1260:
1259:
1196:Pierre-Jean Fabre
1146:Heinrich Khunrath
1060:Magister Salernus
1035:Guido di Montanor
822:pseudo-Democritus
784:Alchemy (general)
682:10.1021/ed010p302
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251:potassium nitrate
201:Thirty Years' War
186:
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16:(Redirected from
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1474:Step of the Sage
1414:Mappae clavicula
1381:Leyden papyrus X
1282:Atalanta fugiens
1271:
1252:Mary Anne Atwood
1237:Eugène Canseliet
1116:Andreas Libavius
1095:Taddeo Alderotti
870:Fang (alchemist)
817:pseudo-Cleopatra
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335:white phosphorus
315:microcosmic salt
311:sodium phosphate
272:His recipe was:
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1121:Basil Valentine
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1040:Hugh of Evesham
1015:pseudo-Albertus
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1025:pseudo-Geber
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1808:1692 deaths
1803:1630 births
1685:Magnum opus
1655:Chrysopoeia
1577:De alchemia
1428:Mutus liber
1407:Liber lucis
1274:Major Works
1161:Jakob Böhme
1050:John Dastin
994:al-Ṭughrāʾī
880:Master Geng
438:Emsley 2000
220:base metals
193: 1692
158:introducing
82: 1710
75: 1692
68: 1630
1777:Categories
1730:Substances
1670:Homunculus
1336:Cantong Qi
1247:Fulcanelli
1191:Paracelsus
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885:Wei Boyang
792:Alchemists
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612:2021-03-10
581:2021-03-10
503:Phosphorus
486:2021-03-10
406:2021-03-10
303:phosphates
243:Strasbourg
197:glassmaker
166:March 2021
100:phosphorus
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1725:Processes
1690:Ouroboros
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1232:Carl Jung
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338:allotrope
331:elemental
114:Biography
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