37:
82:(DMFC) systems including higher efficiency, smaller cell stacks, less requirement on methanol purity, no water management, better operation at low temperatures, and storage at sub-zero temperatures because methanol is a liquid from −97.0 to 64.7 °C (−142.6 to 148.5 °F) and as there is no liquid methanol-water mixture in the cells which can destroy the membrane of DMFC in case of frost.
85:
The reason for the high efficiency of RMFC in contrast to DMFC is that hydrogen containing gas is fed to the fuel cell stack instead of methanol and overpotential (power loss for catalytic conversion) on anode is much lower for hydrogen than for methanol. The tradeoff is that RMFC systems operate at
139:
fuel. Depending on the system design either 100% methanol (IMPCA industrial standard) or a mixture of methanol with up to 40 vol% water is usually used as fuel for the RMFC system. 100% methanol results in lower fuel consumption than water-methanol mixture (Premix) but goes along with higher fuel
286:
147:
produced from municipal waste or renewable electricity). By comparison, for a hydrogen fueled Low
Temperature-PEM fuel cell costs for conventional hydrogen (in bundle of bottles) are about 4.5-10 USD/kWh.
326:
of methanol, the possibility to use renewable methanol, low fuel costs, no emission of particlulate matter/NOx, low noise and a low fuel consumption (long fuel supply interval) are seen advantageous.
562:
Brian J. Bowers; Jian L. Zhaoa; Michael Ruffoa; Rafey Khana; Druva
Dattatrayaa; Nathan Dushmana; Jean-Christophe Beziatb (2007). "Onboard fuel processor for PEM fuel cell vehicles".
212:
278:
336:
Danish company called Blue World
Technologies is building the biggest plant in the world to produce indirect methanol fuel cell stacks for automotive applications.
311:
maintenance interval of RMFC systems is usually significantly longer as no exchange of oil-filters and other engine service parts is needed. So the use of RMFC in
511:
274:
RMFC systems have reached an advanced stage of development. For instance, a small system developed by
Ultracell for the United States military,
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86:
hotter temperatures and therefore need more advanced heat management and insulation. The waste products with these types of fuel cells are
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required to circulate the gas and liquid in the system. A control system is also often needed to operate and monitor the RMFC.
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to 8 MW are also available for multiple applications, such as power plant generation, backup power generation,
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applications (e.g. highway maintenance) and remote areas (e.g. telecom, mountains) is often preferred over
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Fuel Costs for RMFC typically are about 0.4-1.1 USD/kWh (conventional methanol) resp. 0.45-1.3 USD/kWh (
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30:"RMFC" redirects here. For the football club sometimes abbreviated in English as "RMFC", see
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O) as a byproduct. Usually Low
Temperature Proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (LT-PEMFC) or
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31:
17:
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United States Army
Communications-Electronics Research, Development and Engineering Center
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101:
68:
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Fuel Cells for
Portable Computing and Communications: Extended Power Away from the Grid
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259:
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300:, auxiliary power unit (APU) and battery range extension (electric vehicles, ships).
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199:(MEA) fuel cell stack produces electricity in a reaction that combines H
187:, a reaction that occurs at temperatures of 250 °C to 300 °C.
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546:"Catalytic Processes for Clean Hydrogen Production from Hydrocarbons"
527:
492:"İstanbul Üniversitesi - Tarihten Geleceğe Bilim Köprüsü - 1453"
491:
703:
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is used as a fuel because it is naturally hydrogen dense (a
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cell system complexity for condensing of cathode moisture.
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fuels. Additionally, methanol is naturally occurring,
203:(reformed from methanol in the fuel processor) and O
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into hydrogen at low temperatures compared to other
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40:block diagram of a Reformed Methanol Fuel Cell
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8:
270:State of development and commercial products
254:The balance of plant (BOP) consists of any
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708:
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342:Companies that indicate the use of RMFC:
564:International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
397:100% methanol or methanol-water mixture
340:
35:
482:
590:"Telecom Methanol Reformed Fuel Cell"
123:, a fuel cartridge, and the BOP (the
7:
55:(IMFC) systems are a subcategory of
285:, and performance goals set by the
78:RMFC systems offer advantages over
760:Proton-exchange membrane fuel cell
25:
289:, and is commercially available.
329:The electric vehicle sports car
225:catalytic combustion afterburner
219:Fuel processing system (FPS) out
903:Unitized regenerative fuel cell
471:Portable fuel cell applications
152:Fuel processing system (FPS) in
576:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2006.10.045
135:The fuel cartridge stores the
1:
898:Solid oxide electrolyzer cell
215:(HT-PEMFC) is used for RMFC.
781:Direct borohydride fuel cell
361:Blue World Technologies ApS
71:, before being fed into the
868:Membrane electrode assembly
811:Reformed methanol fuel cell
461:Glossary of fuel cell terms
333:contains RMFC technology.
197:membrane electrode assembly
53:Indirect Methanol Fuel Cell
45:Reformed Methanol Fuel Cell
18:Indirect methanol fuel cell
993:
888:Protonic ceramic fuel cell
858:Electro-galvanic fuel cell
750:Molten carbonate fuel cell
223:→Tail gas combustor (TGC)
115:RMFC systems consist of a
57:proton-exchange fuel cells
29:
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878:Photoelectrochemical cell
796:Direct methanol fuel cell
755:Phosphoric acid fuel cell
80:direct methanol fuel cell
883:Proton-exchange membrane
791:Direct-ethanol fuel cell
490:Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
873:Membraneless Fuel Cells
806:Metal hydride fuel cell
786:Direct carbon fuel cell
410:methanol-water mixture
383:methanol-water mixture
353:Fuel Cell type (stack)
322:Also other features as
279:environmental tolerance
893:Regenerative fuel cell
832:Enzymatic biofuel cell
298:emergency power supply
179:converts methanol to H
173:preferential oxidation
131:Storage and Fuel Costs
117:fuel processing system
41:
801:Formic acid fuel cell
765:Solid oxide fuel cell
466:Hydrogen technologies
207:and produces water (H
165:Autothermal reforming
39:
618:"SIQENS Ecoport 800"
570:(10–11): 1437–1442.
441:Methanol (data page)
415:Advent Technologies
229:catalytic combustion
112:, and energy dense.
837:Microbial fuel cell
496:www.istanbul.edu.tr
343:
745:Alkaline fuel cell
514:2007-04-11 at the
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145:renewable methanol
42:
959:
958:
667:"Technology FAQs"
436:Methanol reformer
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177:methanol reformer
161:Partial oxidation
59:where, the fuel,
16:(Redirected from
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446:Methanol economy
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331:Gumpert Nathalie
324:biodegradability
250:Balance of plant
125:balance of plant
98:hydrogen carrier
32:Real Madrid C.F.
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303:In contrast to
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171:reaction (WGS)→
169:Water gas shift
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863:Flow battery
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674:. Retrieved
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388:Siqens GmbH
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853:Blue energy
239:(Pt–Al2O3)
175:(PROX) The
106:hydrocarbon
90:and water.
972:Fuel cells
966:Categories
731:Fuel cells
477:References
309:generators
277:, has met
256:fuel pumps
671:UltraCell
456:Fuel cell
451:Micropump
245:condenser
231:) with a
191:Fuel cell
121:fuel cell
119:(FPS), a
73:fuel cell
977:Methanol
951:Glossary
915:Hydrogen
676:4 August
651:4 August
626:4 August
602:4 August
532:AZoM.com
528:"Search"
512:Archived
430:See also
391:Germany
364:Denmark
350:Country
347:Company
313:off-grid
241:catalyst
233:platinum
157:Methanol
137:methanol
94:Methanol
69:reformed
67:OH), is
61:methanol
938:Vehicle
933:Storage
928:Station
923:Economy
774:By fuel
421:HT-PEM
394:HT-PEM
377:Taiwan
367:HT-PEM
237:alumina
846:Others
646:Siqens
305:diesel
283:safety
262:, and
183:and CO
167:(ATR)→
163:(POX)/
642:"FAQ"
621:(PDF)
593:(PDF)
549:(PDF)
374:CHEM
356:Fuel
195:→The
51:) or
678:2021
653:2021
628:2021
604:2021
597:CHEM
418:USA
405:USA
380:PEM
319:.
294:350W
264:fans
227:or (
49:RMFC
572:doi
127:).
63:(CH
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568:32
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75:.
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716:t
709:v
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243:→
235:-
209:2
205:2
201:2
185:2
181:2
159:→
65:3
47:(
20:)
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