Kampfgeschwader 54 - Knowledge (XXG)

1006: 1484: 2803:, replaced him. Göring refused to accept the explanation that KG(J) 54s failure had been because the bomber pilots could not cope with the speed of the aircraft or react like fighter pilots. He proposed, that since the jets were to begin firing from 1,000 metres instead of 600; the flaws in his thinking were evident in the fact the fighters were lost to US escorts, not the bombers, and the muzzle velocity of the MK 108 cannon was too low to fire from that range, which necessitated the pilot to pitch up the nose at a steep angle to lob a few shells onto the target. On 16 February III. 64: 1581:. On the night of 15/16 September it bombed the factory at Banbury again. From 17 to 30 September KG 54 too part in nightly attacks on London. KG 54 was consistently bombed the British capital until May 1941, including the 20 April attack on Adolf Hitler's birthday in which 712 aircraft, the largest deployment of the month, began an enormous bombardment. It surpassed the 685 aircraft used on the 16/17 April attack, in which KG 54 was also present. It attacked the 2831:, occurred because the Dutch Army refused to abandon the city or declare it an open city. Overy suggests that the possibility that the bombing took place because Göring was attracted to the idea of displaying the ruthlessness of German military power to the World, but acknowledges that cannot, and has not, been proven. Göring was cross-examined on the issue on the third and last day of his testimony, in which he defended himself on a host of war crimes and 1089:, and u-turned with his formation with their bombs still aboard. The city centre was destroyed. Bombs struck vegetable oil storage tanks causing uncontrollable fires. Some 800 Dutch civilians were killed and 78,000 made homeless. Another source gives a figure of 814 deaths. In the immediate aftermath, Rotterdam surrendered. Faced with air-dropped leaflets threatening the destruction of 40: 1197: 5158: 4858: 5186: 2844:

denied using those words but admitted to having used the words "severe measures" to overcome Dutch resistance. When presented with evidence the negotiations had begun at 10:30 and the attack order had been given at 13:00, Kesselring replied that he was merely complying with Kurt Student's request and was unaware the Dutch intended to surrender. The

227:. It was given the insignia of a human skull and crossbones, with the bones significantly crossed behind the skull. This insignia for the entire bomber wing was sometimes displayed on a shield-like device, but more often depicted over a normal camouflage pattern. It bore a strikingly close graphic resemblance to that of the 1064:

Walter Lackner, was already approaching Rotterdam and his aircraft had reeled in their long-range aerials. Haze and smoke obscured the target; to ensure that Dutch defences were hit Lackner brought his formation down to 2,300 ft (700 m). The first group unloaded their bombs on the centre of

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accused Kesselring of ordering the bombing as surrender negotiations were being carried out. Kesselring had admitted in a previous interrogation that the real purpose in bombing Rotterdam was to "present a firm attitude and secure an immediate peace" - in other words a war-winning attack. Kesselring

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KG 54 losses in over North African and the Mediterranean from November 1942 to May 1943 amounted to 43 destroyed and one damaged. I./KG 54 reported the loss of 13 and one damaged; II./KG 54 lost 14, III./KG 54 lost 15 and IV./KG 54 reported one loss. The last of the losses over African occurred on

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on 25 June. Ovruch, Lugniy and Korosten airfields were revisited on 26 June. On the same day, elements of I./KG 54 attacked the Saroy to Korosten and Krasne to Svarkova rail lines. The air corps bombers lost eight Ju 88 and He 111s with nine damaged, the highest losses over the front line. The air

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Otto Hohne, who was in command of I./KG 54 during the attack was also called on to testify and contended that because of the heavy smoke and haze which hung over the city, it had been something of a miracle that he saw the red signal flare and was able to abort the last phase of the bombing. All

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drained the area. On 18/19 February KG 54 lost two bombers over their air bases from RAF night fighter intruders. On 20/21 February it lost another four. On 2/3 March and 14/15 March KG 54 lost a bomber on each night. On 19/20 March KG 54 turned to Hull, for the first time since 1941. It lost one

1507:. 40 Ju 88s of KG 54 attempted a feint against Portland to facilitate StG 77's attack. No. 152, 213 and 601 Squadron intercepted and disrupted the bomb run. Three defending Bf 110s were shot down. KG 54 lost four Ju 88s destroyed and nine damaged on 13 August. Two crashed in England. On the 1479:

intercepted. Four Ju 88s and one Bf 109 from JG 2 was shot down. The German fighters claimed six RAF fighters and the bombers another 14. In reality, the bombers only damaged five. The Bf 109s destroyed only one and damaged another. Of the five RAF fighters damaged by the bombers, two were

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flying officers involved in the actual attack noted the dense smoke and haze which hung over the city before the bombing commenced. For his actions that day, Hohne earned the curious distinction of receiving the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross for calling off his last wave of bombers.

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and 65 wounded as well as 62 aircraft during operations over Britain. A further 62 were damaged. I./KG 54 flew 1,189 missions, and lost 27 aircraft and another 27 damaged in July 1940 – May 1941. III./KG 54 lost 9 aircraft, 12 personnel killed, and one wounded (POW figures unknown).

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without loss from the 11 to 14 August. By 20 September it could muster only 14 combat ready aircraft from 32. Still the only group of KG 54 present in the theatre, it supported the last offensive against Malta from 10 to 19 October, and on 24 October flew bombing operations in the

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By the time of withdrawal, I./KG 54 had been credited with 240 aircraft destroyed on the ground, hundreds of artillery and tanks destroyed and thousands of motor vehicles destroyed. Commanding officer Richard Linke was credited with 30 tanks destroyed and was awarded the

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and was based near Kharkov-Volchenko from the 22nd. The group reverted to the traditional interdiction of rail lines in the Borovskoy, and rail targets along the Valuyki-Volokonovka axis. From the 24 to 27 June it flew two missions per day over Belya, Grakorka,

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north of Brussels. I./KG 54 repeated operations along the Dutch and Belgian border on 11 May, rail targets in the Ghent, Brussels and Antwerp area on 12 May, and rail targets on the French and Belgian border on 13 May. The stab unit was also involved in bombing

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near Boguslav. The air command claimed 148 vehicles and 48 tanks on 7 to 9 August, thus preventing a rout at Uman. During the encirclement at Uman, the air corps, of which KG 54 was a part, claimed 420 vehicles, 58 tanks, and 22 artillery batteries. Over Kiev,

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on 17 May and began more interdiction of rail and road traffic west and south of Brussels. III./KG 54 concentrated on bridges in Belgium on 15 and 16 May. I./KG 54 extended its area of operations into France on 17 May when it bombed the train station at

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on 1 April while another 10 attacked Hal Far on 1 April. Valletta was the main target on 4 to 7 April, and airfields from the 8th to 13th. I./KG 54 carried out convoy escort from 19 April to 18 May 1942, as well as raids against Malta. It moved to

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charges. He refused to accept culpability and argued he ordered the bombing because heavy fighting was occurring there. He also argued that the dynamics of modern warfare eclipsed the policies established at the Geneva and Hague conventions.

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were involved in the first wave. That first night KG 54 lost four aircraft. On 3 and 4 February 1944 KG 54 were involved in another attack on London. One of the 15 bombers lost that night belonged to KG 54. 2./KG 54, code B3+EK piloted by

2278:. From 18 August to 13 October it reported the loss of 10 aircraft. During 1942 operations in the East, it lost 32 aircraft destroyed and 20 damaged, suffered 31 killed, 57 missing and 29 captured. No personnel were recorded as missing. 1938:

and KG 54 injured Ignat Karpezo, the commander of the 15th Soviet Mechanised Corps. The three German bomber units claimed the destruction of 201 Soviet tanks from 22 to 30 June from the Mechanised formation which attempted to block the

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operations along the Belgian and Dutch border on 11 May. II./KG 54 spent the 11–13 May attacking rail targets in the Ghent–Antwerp–Brussels area and bridges along the Franco and Belgian border. On 12 May it bombed the airfield at

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from 22 December 1942 to 15 February 1943. It returned to Catania on 17 February and carried out 169 escort sorties for convoys in March 1943 as well as anti-shipping and attacks against harbours. On 5 March I./KG 54 and

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on the first day. On 10 May 47 French, 15 Belgian and 10 Dutch airfields were attacked. Despite claiming between 579 and 829 aircraft destroyed, only 210 were in fact eliminated. Most of this number were destroyed in the

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where it was thought Dutch artillery was concentrated. The larger formation came from the north-east, out of position to spot red flares launched from the south side of the city, and proceeded with their attack. Two

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II. and III./KG 54, the latter being resurrected on 1 September 1942, joined I./KG 54 in operations over Africa and the Mediterranean. From October 1942 to February 1943 KG 54 was heavily involved in convoy escort,

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V claimed 42 aircraft on the ground, 23 tanks and 2,171 vehicles destroyed from the 12–21 September. II./KG 54's losses amounted to only four with another four damaged in September—it had lost only three in August.

1503:. ZG 2 was supposed to provide escort during one these attacks, and in a breakdown of communications, arrived over the target without their Ju 88s, which had been ordered to stand down. One Bf 110 was shot down by 2704:

on 10/11 June and had lost 13 machines by the 11 June. It flew some air drop missions on 12 June, but until 18 flew attacks against invasion shipping using PC 1000s, BM 1000s, and LT 350s. Subordinated to IX

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to rebuild from 6 June to 7 October 1943. II./KG 54 were engaged in similar operations and lost 30 aircraft from 27 October 1942 to the end of May 1943. On 26 May (until 8 October 1943) it was moved to

2323: 1569:. II./KG 54 also bombed Southampton. On 6 September the battle over Fighter Commands airfields receded, and attrition had taken a toll of KG 54. First group had only 18 operational bombers from 30. II. 1192:

lost another three, its commanding officer Hans Widmann survived. The losses were a severe blow to KG 54. The German fighter units were able to claim 37 French and 24 British aircraft in their defence.

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resting and replenishing until 21 January 1942. From 22 June to 15 November KG 54 lost 122 killed, 108 missing, eight captured, 88 wounded, 39 aircraft destroyed and 35 damaged in over 4,000 sorties.

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on 27 May. III./KG 54 also centred bombing operations over Dunkirk claiming a destroyer damaged on 1 June before transferring to Germany Adolf Häring was replaced as group commander Kurt Leonhardy.

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and Luginy, and again on 24 June. KG 54's losses are unknown but the corps lost seven bombers on the 23 June. From 22 to 25 June, it claimed 774 Soviet aircraft destroyed on the ground in 1,600

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area on 16 June. By this time III./KG 54 was operating at the limits of its range, from bases in Germany, and were forced to stage to forward airfields in France to operate. By the time of the

5216: 4847: 2137:. On 10 November it was withdrawn, but unlike I./KG 54, it returned in the new year. The group lost 24 bombers and 20 damaged in Barbarossa. It lost 39 crew members killed, 37 missing, 2 as 1962:, Volynski and Proskurov areas. On 4 July it carried out numerous air strikes against rail and road columns in the Ovruch, Korosten and Stephano areas. On 5 July, it bombed these targets in 2596:, making all out efforts against Allied shipping, with LT 350 torpedoes in the Gulf of Naples over 1–10 November. On 21, 23 October, through to the 6/7 November 1943, the group made heavy 1970:

and Berdichev and again the next day. KG 54 was intercepted by Soviet fighters on the latter date and lost three of its 36 Ju 88s to the VVS South-Western Front units. KG 54 attacked the

2235:, Novyy, Oskol and Kosienke were flown. Airfields at Chebyaki and Korotoyak were also bombed by the group over the 4 and 5 July. From 6 to 7 July, the unit attacked the bridges over the 1244:

to Calais. It intensified attacks on Dunkirk from 24 May–2 June losing six aircraft in that time. On 3 June it was withdrawn to Celle to rest and refit while crews also converted to the

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was created the same day at Fritzlar with the He 111P. The late creation of KG 54 necessitated intensive training in the spring and summer 1939. I./KG 54 was placed under the command of

1332:, the Luftwaffe settled into airfields along the French, Belgian and Dutch coasts. The British refusal to surrender or come to terms with Germany, precipitated Adolf Hitler's order for 2114:. During the group's time in the East it flew 1,408 sorties, dropped 1,718 tons of bombs, lost 15 bombers destroyed, 14 damaged, 21 killed, 17 missing, nine wounded and two captured. 802:

and a stab unit. Stab./KG 54 had on strength six He 111Ps, with four operational, and a single He 111D, not operational at Quakenbrück. It was subordinated to Albert Kesselring and

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Operating from bases in northern Germany (Wittmund, Jever, Marx), Stab., I., and II./KG 54 took part in Operation Steinbock. It began the offensive on 21/22 January 1944, and all

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on 10 July and flew mainly mining operations from 25 July to 14 August 1944. It reported 13 bombers in July. It flew some long-range operations to support the German Army in the

326: 2784:. The more experienced JG 7 pilots aggressively engaged the escorts, but the former bomber pilots of KG(J) 54 could only claim four bombers (at least one confirmed) from the US 2823:

KG 54's attack on Rotterdam was subject to examination and debate at the Nuremberg Trials. Göring and Kesselring both refused to take any responsibility for the attacks.

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Beginning with 19 May, KG 54 sustained particularly high losses necessitating the entire wing's removal from the front line nine days later. KG 54 was ordered to support

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but no criminal charges were ever filed against the wing's officers or any senior officer commander at corps or air fleet level. The bombing was discussed at the

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raged. The rest of the unit did not participate during the campaign. I./KG 54 was withdrawn on 20 September and put on standby in western Germany, in case of

1645:. On 29/30 May 1941, KG 54 flew a last nuisance raid against Portland, which ended the wing's participation in operations over Britain for nearly two years. 1355:

for the offensive over Britain. On 19 July III./KG 54 was disbanded with some crews going to night fighters. The group was reactivated on 1 September 1942.

1156:, Arras and Lille. By the end of the day, the wing was ordered to fly at dusk or night to avoid further losses prior to withdrawing to Cologne and Ostheim. 514:. The He 111P was used to equip the group and received aircraft and crews from I. and II./KG 54 as well and crews from training programs. By mid-March the 2709:, it had only nine combat ready aircraft from 16 on 15 June. On 26 June it was moved to Orléans-Bricy to avoid Allied tactical aviation. It was moved to 1921:

after bombing 77 Soviet air bases. KG 54 attacked Soviet tank concentrations at Lubysza and Rawa Ruzka on 23 June, but returned to bombing airfields at

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Luftwaffe Crash Archive: Volume 1: A Documentary History of Every Enemy Aircraft Brought Down Over the United Kingdom, September 1939 – 14 August 1940

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was renamed 10.(Erg)/54 to assist with the training of personnel. The previous day, the Luftwaffe had begun operations that were known to them as the

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from 5–19 June. It attacked troop and communication targets as well as airfields at Abbeville, St Omer and Norrent-Fontes from the 5–15 June in the

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until October 1944, when the last of its bomber groups was disbanded. Some were converted into fighter groups, and continued to operate into 1945.

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but it did not effect the group. Another five bombers lost over Normandy in August brought bomber operations to a close. The group transferred to

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I./KG 54 targeted rail junctions, bridges, troops in western Belgium and carried out these operations on 16 May near Brussels. II./KG 54 moved to

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II./KG 54 lost 12 aircraft during July, during the same period I./KG 54 lost 19. From 24 to 31 July the targets were mostly airfields. It bombed

1851: 565:, beginning the war in Europe. I./KG 54 was based at Fritzlar with 30 operational aircraft from 33. It was placed under the command of the 3rd 5174: 4802: 4755: 4726: 4699: 4680: 4661: 4638: 4619: 4600: 4581: 4559: 4540: 4521: 4494: 4475: 4456: 4433: 4397: 4371: 4352: 4325: 4301: 4279: 4256: 4237: 4214: 4192: 4170: 4146: 4127: 4105: 1366:

and escalated into the Battle of Britain. KG 54 suffered its first combat losses, when it lost two Ju 88s, one destroyed and one damaged, to

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III./KG 54 remained active for longer. It had only 8 operational Ju 88s from 21 on 10 April. The group attacked the landings resulting from

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from 25 to 31 May before reverting to attacks on Malta and convoy escort from 24 May to 22 June. The group supported the Axis forces in the

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lost 15 Ju 88s over the course of February and March. By 20 March it had only nine operational from 17. From 1 to 12 May it was ordered to

2025:. From 16 to 21 August it focused mainly on troop concentrations around Dnepropetrovsk. From 26 to 30 August it attacked bridges over the 1352: 810:

fielded 36 (33 operational) He 111Ps. II./KG 54 had 29 bombers with all but three operational at Varrelbusch. III./KG 54 was stationed at

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airfield with 8 aircraft on 14 February and took part in heavy air attacks on 20 March. It damaged a destroyer on 23 March, bombed

372:, to which KG 54 was attached. The decision to bomb the city remains controversial. The Dutch decision not to declare Rotterdam an 1573:

had only 14 operational Ju 88s from 24. KG 54 then commenced the night Blitz against British cities. Both groups took part in the

2845: 2029:, northeast of Kiev. II./KG 54 was the only active group of KG 54 and recorded only three losses in August. It focused mainly on 544: 483:

after the war had started. The group was formed from II./KG 28 and was handed the former's He 111Ps. It transferred from Hoya to

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On 11 July IV.(Erg)/KG 54 was created at Lechfeld using some personnel from III./KG 54. Equipped with Ju 88As and He 111Ps the

330: 1074:, II. and III., with 54 He 111s dropped low to release 97 tonnes (213,848 lb) of bombs, mostly in the heart of the city. 621: 4770: 1872:

The KG 54 committed 70 aircraft to the initial attack, with 64 serviceable to Operation Barbarossa. The groups were based at

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for training in January 1940. It may have some contribution, or transfer of personnel to III./KG 54 prior to 1 February. The

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Volprecht Riedesel Freiherr Zu Eisenbach was killed in a collision with a US fighter while the Stabsschwarm was destroyed.

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to re-equip and receive new crews. It would not return until October 1941. On 23 July, KG 54 reported two losses, one to a

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on 19 June. From July to 10 August, attacks against Malta and convoy escort were the main activities. I./KG 54 attack the

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railway station on 26 May, and retreating British forces at Namos on 1 May. II./KG 54 returned to Germany on 2 May 1940.

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area. II./KG 54 was ordered to France on 8 July, but returned to the central sector of the Eastern Front in mid-August.

1867: 1833: 1428: 1141: 342: 314: 2781: 2471: 523: 282:, which destroyed the centre of the city and killed many civilians. The attack played a role in the surrender of the 4650:

Kampfgeschwader 54 von der Ju 52 zur Me 262, Eine Chronik nach Kriegstagebüchern, Dokumenten und Berichten 1935–1945

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KG(J) 54 was close to full-strength in February 1945—III/KG(J) 54 never became operational. The Stabsschwarm and I.

1310:(some were later released). It dropped 409 tons of bombs in 1,200 sorties. 118 captured crew members were released. 5192: 5135: 2133:(28–31 October). In October it lost just two bombers. In November airfields and rail heads were the targets in the 1843: 1341: 4825: 4162:

Germany and the Second World War: The Strategic Air War in Europe and the War in the West and East Asia, 1943–1944

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began on 9 May 1940, with preliminary minelaying operations beginning before midnight. KG 54 was committed to the

5130: 2534: 1947:. On 1 July KG 54, 55 and 51 routed a Soviet counteroffensive and destroyed 220 motor vehicles and 40 tanks near 1329: 1292: 934:

Fritz Stadelmayr was lost; two of his crew were killed, one was captured by the Belgians and two by the British.

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Gerhart Krebs and Detlef Vogel argued the city was a combat zone and the bombing did not violate the then valid

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bomber on the raid. On 18/19 April KG 54 lost another four Ju 88s. On 23/24 April 1944 KG 54 lost another five.

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write-offs. Of the 20 claimed, just three fighters were lost and three pilots were wounded. None were killed.

2748:. Over the 21 to 31 July it lost five aircraft in night operations. In August it flew mining operations over 2270:

was withdrawn from Russia on 13 October 1942; the last recorded sortie was flown on the 9th. It was moved to

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to form II./KG 66 which did not take place. I. and III./KG 54 mined the sea lanes off Portland, Portsmouth.

2212: 2118: 1881: 1847: 1464: 651: 255: 1081:'s I./KG 54 aborted the attack with his group. Höhne made wide detour to attack from the southwest. As the 341:. It supported German forces in the night intruder role over the beachheads in June 1944 and served on the 4654:

Kampfgeschwader 54 from Ju 52 to Me 262, A Chronicle based on War Diaries, Documents and Reports 1935–1945

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The Nuremberg interviews : an American psychiatrist's conversations with the defendants and witnesses

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estuaries on 7/8 June 1944. It mined the Seine bay on 8/9 June. I./KG 54 used fragmentation bombs against

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between 8 and 13 July, as well as tank concentrations at Berdichev. I./KG 54 bombed rail bridges over the

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II./KG 54 had been sitting idle since formation. It transferred to Celle and was put under the command of

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and supported the 5th Panzer Army. On 15 August Allied air forces dropped 566 tons on the German base at

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KG 54 lost 46 bombers. Human losses amounted to 130 personnel killed, 10 missing, 60 wounded and 188 as

995: 853: 114: 110: 92: 2886: 2714: 2585:, on 30 September, its last mission in Italy. From 30 September to 26 October 1943, it was inactive at 1975: 1994:. On 6 August 1941 the group handed the remaining 11 crews and 19 Ju 88s to II./KG 54 and departed to 1275:

and supported the advance to the French capital which was captured on 14 June after being declared an

1043:, who had factored the Netherlands into Fall Gelb because it offered airbases useful in a war against 4271: 2904: 2800: 2777: 2734: 2657:

to rest and refit. II./KG 54 had 14 from 19 operational on 20 March. On 25 April it was dissolved at

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on 13 May. The Stab./KG 54 suffered a rare loss when one of its number was shot down by 3 Squadron's

893: 869: 849: 693: 318: 2744:. From 16 to 20 July if flew night attacks over Saint-Lo and in support of the German forces in the 2070:

on 18 October. KG 54 focused on rail and road traffic during the month, particularly bottlenecks at

1431:'s airfield at 'RAF Farnborough' (RAE Farnborough). At 05:05, 18 Ju 88s from II./KG 54 took off for 5078: 5018: 2789: 2673: 2621: 2554: 2407: 2197: 1729: 1653: 1582: 1527: 1402: 1387: 1153: 1056: 1032: 921: 421: 334: 4115: 2740:

III./KG 54 carried out similar operations against the landings with withdrew to Eindhoven with I.

1850:. II./KG 54 moved to Lannion for 26–28 May 1941. However, the unit was unable to intervene before 1348:, to begin attacks on targets in southern England after the publication of his 30 June directive. 900:—German losses are unknown in this battle. In the afternoon III./KG 54 bombed rail targets in the 632:

into German territory, did not materialise. Poland capitulated in the first week of October 1939.

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On 10 September 1939 it was engaged in attacks on troop concentrations north of Praha, and bombed

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undertook long-range flights at high altitudes for crews to gain experience. Flights were made to

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were sent to engage 1,296 US heavy bombers attacking viaducts, road and communication targets in

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The Last Blitz: Operation Steinbock, the Luftwaffe's Last Blitz on Britain – January to May 1944

1023: 736:-Vaalebru. From 25 April–1 May 1940 it flew armed reconnaissance against rail communications in 2095: 966: 4908: 4903: 4898: 4893: 4888: 4815: 4807: 4798: 4781: 4766: 4751: 4748:

Black Cross / Red Star Air War Over the Eastern Front, Volume II, Resurgence January–June 1942

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II./KG 54 continued on to the end of Barbarossa. It indirectly supported German forces in the

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bombed Calais on 21 May, but focused on the northern flank, bombing ports and airfields from

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Squadrons over Cambrai. KG 54 lost 14 bombers on 19 May because it was heavily committed. 4.

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was fully formed and was training at Celle from 18 to 31 March 1940, as Bissel 1–7 April, at

2808: 2757: 2605: 2411: 2177: 2030: 1895: 1765: 1630: 1622: 1614: 1602: 1535: 1440: 1296: 1097: 999: 961: 877: 835: 818:. It was given 35 bombers for the offensive and 27 were combat ready on A-Day, 10 May 1940. 687: 598: 484: 357: 291: 209: 205: 102: 2637:

Helmut Friedrich Weihs was discovered with its crew in the Zuiderzee in the 1970s when the

5162: 4311: 4289: 2726: 2638: 2562: 2251: 2181: 2003: 1940: 1618: 1606: 1508: 1416: 1337: 1268: 1161: 1149: 1145: 938: 889: 865: 671: 507: 279: 2729:) and more mining operations. It suffered 11 losses in August. I./KG 54 was withdrawn to 1060:

Richard Putzier to cancel the attack. When the message reached KG 54's command post, the

1467:'s target was obscured by cloud, but KG 54 continued to their target. RAF fighters from 1336:, an amphibious invasion of Britain which was to take place after Luftwaffe had secured 376:

played a part in the attack. Although KG 54 was used as an offensive tool supporting a

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KG 54 was formed in May 1939. The bomber wing was equipped with two of the major German

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The Military History of World War II.: The air war in the West, September 1939-May 1941

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and Cambrai on 17 and 18 May. On the latter date, I. and II./KG 54 were escorted by I./

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on 30 June. More attacks on airfields and Soviet rail heads in the Shepetovka, Plosk,

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The Blitzkrieg Myth: The Western Campaign in 1940, Operations of the Second World War

2877: 2824: 2633: 2537:. By early June the group was decimated after constant action. I./KG 54 was moved to 2367: 2153: 1987: 1809: 1657: 1642: 1634: 1626: 1598: 1519: 1496: 1463:, which all flew ahead of the bomber stream to clear the airspace of enemy fighters. 1436: 1424: 1406: 1391: 1245: 1078: 1044: 943: 728:

to Steinkjer rail line. On 23 April II./KG 54 persisted with targeting rail links at

617: 594: 476: 426: 224: 216: 2110:. I./KG 54 was removed from the front after the 12 November and sent to Germany, at 1982:. Rail targets at Zhitomir-Kiev, Kazatin-Fastov, Fastov-Kiev, Korosten-Novograd and 2697: 2462: 2458: 2342: 2205: 2142: 1888: 1673: 1665: 1574: 1539: 1472: 1468: 1102: 1028: 971: 951: 947: 864:-Deurne. A second operation was carried out and elements of it bombed ships in the 776: 590: 492: 444: 410: 369: 322: 306: 201: 144: 69: 741: 733: 4160: 2561:, on 11 June. It was the only group involved in fighting the invasion of Sicily ( 581:./KG 54 had eight of nine bombers operational but took no active role either. 2. 2753: 2730: 2693: 2558: 2122: 2026: 1971: 1805: 1697: 1689: 1681: 1523: 1492: 1413: 1249: 1217: 1125:, before battles began in those cities. III./KG 54 bombed Valenciennes station, 705: 613: 3089: 3087: 3085: 3083: 3081: 3079: 3077: 3075: 2533:. It did offer bombing support for Axis forces from 22 to 27 March 1943 at the 522:

from 8 April–16 May 1940. Part of the operational training exercise was to fly

4156: 2848: 2812: 2565:). It bombed the Allied landing forces by day and night before withdrawing to 2538: 2295: 2201: 2099: 1877: 1757: 1737: 1713: 1705: 1638: 1589:

on 7 October but mainly supported the attacks on major industrial cities: the

1432: 1420: 1363: 1288: 1267:, the final phase of the Battle for France. On 3 June 1940 it participated in 1014: 756: 683: 405: 353: 283: 247: 4386:

Blitzkrieg-Legende: Der Westfeldzug 1940, Operationen des Zweiten Weltkrieges

4335: 2717:

on 27/28, and 29/30 July. From 4–10 August it flew support operations in the

4865: 4416: 2725:

flew attacks against Allied forces breaking out of Normandy (beginning with

2718: 2710: 2658: 2244: 2111: 2087: 1991: 1967: 1749: 1717: 1709: 1685: 1677: 1561:

On 5/6 September 1940 I./KG 54 made single-aircraft attacks on Southampton,

1323: 1276: 1241: 1221: 1196: 979: 897: 841: 768: 725: 586: 380:, the city was a combat zone and the bombing did not violate the then valid 373: 349: 302: 267: 197: 79: 39: 2815:

factory. KG(J) 55 was hit harder, losing 23, and never became operational.

2650: 2290:. Between 29 July and 14 August 1942 it lost 6 bombers on missions against 2266:. The group flew its 5,000th mission in the Soviet Union on 6 October. The 1511:

I. and II./KG 54 attacked Gosport with 25 Ju 88s, apparently without loss.

1200:

Heinkel He 111Ps equipped KG 54 in May 1940 - the displayed aircraft nears

749: 729: 4315: 3512: 3510: 3508: 3506: 3504: 3502: 1577:

on the night 7/8, 8/9 and 11/12 September. KG 54 did not take part in the

2749: 2503: 2391: 2383: 2371: 2307: 2303: 2259: 2232: 2228: 2185: 2173: 2083: 2079: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1914: 1801: 1769: 1761: 1725: 1721: 1701: 1669: 1649: 1562: 1543: 1398: 1284: 1280: 1264: 1066: 909: 881: 396: 4141:. World War II Sea War. Vol. 3. Dayton, Ohio: Bertke Publications. 360:

in relation to the conduct of senior Luftwaffe commanders, particularly

2662: 2604:

lost 18 Ju 88s during these operations. II./KG 54 helped carry out the

2586: 2578: 2491: 2483: 2423: 2396: 2379: 2347: 2299: 2291: 2240: 2189: 2091: 2071: 2046: 2034: 1813: 1785: 1781: 1555: 1547: 1500: 1410: 1371: 1225: 1122: 1106: 1090: 987: 983: 905: 861: 815: 811: 663: 655: 511: 453: 338: 259: 978:

and ships near the coast on 10 May. It is known to have operated near

724:, were present in the harbour this day. The following day, bombed the 4861: 4268:

Bomber Units of the Luftwaffe 1933–1945; A Reference Source, Volume 1

3684: 3682: 3680: 3678: 3676: 3674: 3672: 3659: 3657: 3402: 3400: 3398: 3385: 3383: 3381: 3379: 3377: 3375: 2828: 2566: 2543: 2419: 2400: 2351: 2275: 2271: 2255: 2220: 2193: 2134: 1918: 1873: 1733: 1693: 1551: 1236:, with particularly heavy attacks on Dunkirk from 27 May–2 June. II. 1118: 1036: 975: 873: 662:, on the eleventh day. On 20 April 1940 it was hastily redeployed to 659: 602: 562: 519: 480: 415: 263: 251: 89: 17: 3050: 3048: 3046: 3044: 3042: 3040: 3038: 3036: 3023: 3021: 3019: 3017: 3015: 3013: 3011: 2986: 2984: 2982: 2980: 2978: 2926: 2924: 2922: 2920: 1487:

Junkers Ju 88 of Kampfgeschwader 54 (KG 54) in France, November 1940

250:

resting and refitting though it did carry out leaflet-dropping over

4409:

Glory Refused: Memoirs of a Teenage Rocket Pilot of the Third Reich

2760:

by rail and was formally renamed III./KG (J) 54 on 1 October 1944.

2733:

on 22 August and began conversion into a fighter group, to use the

2188:

sectors. On 5/6 April 1942, it bombed the aircraft engine plant at

1842:

During its time in France, II./KG 54 also attempted to support the

1526:. First group lost one Ju 88 and II./KG 54 lost two in combat with 4207:

The Most Dangerous Enemy : A History of the Battle of Britain

2570: 2516: 2508: 2487: 2387: 2375: 2355: 2311: 2250:

On 17 August, from Shatalovka, it flew support operations for the

2157: 2126: 1995: 1935: 1931: 1926: 1910: 1902: 1777: 1586: 1482: 1456: 1452: 1272: 1195: 1173: 1169: 1130: 1114: 1086: 1085:

prepared to release the bombs, Höhne spotted a red flare near the

1051:'s XXXIX Corps were prepared to storm Rotterdam the next morning. 1004: 913: 901: 496: 465: 457: 4364:

The Luftwaffe's Blitz: The Inside Story, November 1940 – May 1941

266:. In May 1940, KG 54 played a critical and controversial role in 3988: 3986: 2773: 2689: 2685: 2443: 2103: 2075: 2037:, Krementschug and Lubny areas. It supported Axis forces in the 1979: 1948: 1922: 1460: 1448: 1444: 1110: 772: 771:, the German western offensive. Kesselring was given KG 54 with 4829: 4098:

The Luftwaffe War Diaries: The German Air Force in World War II

2965: 2963: 2324:

Mediterranean, Middle East and African theatres of World War II

1648:

KG 54 also struck at towns alongside major industrial centres:

896:

which claimed three He 111s destroyed and another damaged over

2721:

area to assist the 5th Panzer Army. From 11 to 19 August, the

2138: 1820: 1307: 5168: 4629:

Shores, Christopher F.; Ring, Hans; Hess, William N. (1975).

2014:

on 19 September 1941. The cost to the group was 23 aircraft.

1514:

Three days later I./KG 54 bombed the Abingdon aerodrome, II.

1386:

along with two others. Two I./KG 54 Ju 88s were shot down by

1054:

Surrender negotiations had already begun and Student radioed

4345:

Sea Eagles Volume Two: Luftwaffe Anti-Shipping Units 1942–45

2286:

II./KG 54 briefly returned to British skies in 1942 for the

4814:. Nautical & Aviation Publishing. Baltimore, Maryland. 2223:, Terasovka, Raspassiyevke. From 28 June 1942 it supported 2002:, or ramming attack, by Ivan Novikov from 88 IAP, flying a 2196:. Operations for May are largely unknown; it took part in 2053:

V played a critical role in defeating an offensive by the

674:

and Steinkjer. In Namsos fjord it attack to warships. The

2953: 2951: 2511:

attacked the convoys MW.22 and XT.4, sinking the steamer

876:

harbour, the first operation carried out by KG 54 in the

4692:

Pfadfinder: Luftwaffe Pathfinder Operations Over Britain

3417: 3415: 3194: 3192: 3190: 3188: 3186: 2680:. I./KG 54 operated against the British beachheads with 2386:

harbour with 12 Ju 88s on 26 March. 19 Ju 88s struck at

2258:

to 30 August. Over the 1–8 October it targets the large

2180:

until late March 1942, interdicting rail traffic in the

4137:

Bertke, Donald A.; Kindell, Don; Smith, Gordon (2012).

2737:

A. It was redesignated I./KG (J) 54 on 1 October 1944.

2403:

from 19 May after recording 754 sorties in April 1942.

530:

Adolf Häring was the group's first commanding officer.

4719:

Stalingrad – The Air Battle: 1942 through January 1943

4426:

Phoenix Triumphant; The Rise and Rise of the Luftwaffe

2772:

flew an intercept mission on 9 February 1945 with III/

2426:

from 1 to 5 June. IV.(Erg)/KG 54 engaged in attacking

2314:. It returned to the Eastern Front on 17 August 1942. 2066:

In October KG 54 was strengthened by the return of I.

1954:

On 28 June it repeatedly bombed columns neat Lviv and

880:. III./KG 54 carried out strikes against airfields at 755:

I. and III./KG 54 spent the spring in training as the

327:

Mediterranean, Middle East and African theatres of war

242:

KG 54 began its first campaign in September 1939 when

5146: 1978:. Throughout July KG 54 supported the advance toward 1913:. The following day it attacked airfields at Ovruch, 1394:. Leonhardy was replaced by Karl-Bernhard Schlaeger. 744:

was subjected to two attacks on 27 and 28 April. The

294:

through to the surrender of the latter in June 1940.

5222:

Military units and formations disestablished in 1945

4247:

Cull, Brian; Lander, Bruce; Weiss, Heinrich (1999).

2346:

from December 1941 – February 1943. It was based at

1017:, deprived or air cover, was still holding out. The 5121: 5071: 5011: 4946: 4881: 4872: 4750:. Pacifica, California: Pacifica Military History. 4656:] (in German). Munich, Germany: Schild Verlag. 3977: 3869: 3857: 3749: 3724: 3688: 3663: 3516: 3406: 3389: 3222: 3093: 3054: 3027: 2990: 2930: 2589:, where it rested and rebuilt until 31 March 1944. 2527:(1,654 GRT) and heavily damaged the destroyer 2141:and 28 wounded until the 18 November. It stayed in 1039:ordered Dutch resistance to be broken immediately. 957:, claimed 240 to 490 which was grossly inaccurate. 155: 150: 140: 132: 124: 98: 85: 75: 57: 49: 29: 4509: 4266:de Zeng, H.L.; Stankey, D.G.; Creek, E.J. (2007). 3821: 3809: 1009:Rotterdam's burning city centre after the bombing. 313:. From June 1941 to October 1942 it fought on the 286:. KG 54 continued to support German forces in the 5217:Military units and formations established in 1939 4733:The Battle of Britain: An Epic Conflict Revisited 2482:, and relentless attacks on Allied-held ports in 2438: (GRT). From 12 June, and for two days, the 1443:. The raids were escorted by about 60 Bf 110s of 1390:. Another of the group's Ju 88s was damaged by a 301:sustaining considerable losses and thereafter in 4230:The Luftwaffe Over Germany: Defense of the Reich 2550:the 3 May 1943 when III./KG 54 lost two Ju 88s. 2418:on 1 June, before supporting operations against 2354:from 19 December 1941 and attacked airfields on 2021:in August and supported the encirclement in the 1340:over the English Channel. The German Air Staff, 1279:. It then proceeded to support the advance into 4746:Bergström, Christer; Mikhailov, Andrey (2001). 4139:The Royal Navy is Bloodied in the Mediterranean 4120:Barbarossa - The Air Battle: July–December 1941 3282: 3270: 3258: 3141: 3117: 3105: 2811:struck at airfields in the Munich area and the 2665:, Weymouth and Falmouth in April and May 1944. 2318:Mediterranean, Middle East and African theatres 2152:to operate on the front after Barbarossa. From 1925:and Borispol while bombing the rail station at 806:2. I./KG 54 was based at Quakenbrück also. The 4004: 3992: 3833: 2969: 2871:Walter Lackner, 1 May 1939 – 19 May 1940 (POW) 1188:suffered the most, losing four bombers and 3. 994:. KG 54 were also instrumental in driving the 982:on 11 May. III./KG 54 bombed Allied armour at 605:(8–20 September), and the participated in the 305:. KG 54 also provided tertiary support to the 4841: 4320:. Robert Gellately. New York: Vintage Books. 2592:II./KG 54 continued operating throughout the 2446:, and they sank the 8,619 GRT freighter 2227:, the massive German summer offensive to the 1819:The unit lost 265 killed, 121 missing, 63 as 1176:but a large formation was intercepted by RAF 1168:Otto Höhne. The bombers were escorted by II./ 937:This effort was part of an effort to achieve 254:. In April 1940, KG 54 briefly supported the 8: 2211:On 18 June 1942 II./KG 54 was reassigned to 1295:, III./KG 54 had lost nine aircraft, 12 men 1109:, attacking the city before transferring to 231:, known as the "Death's Head Division". The 4076: 2581:and attacking Allied landing forces in the 2515:(6,900 GRT). On 19 March I./KG 54 and 2494:as it attempted to overcome the effects of 2434:, helping sink three ships for 20,978 475:was not formed until 15 December 1939 near 5068: 5008: 4943: 4878: 4848: 4834: 4826: 4574:Strategy for Defeat: The Luftwaffe 1933–45 4445:Eagle in Flames: The Fall of the Luftwaffe 4392:] (in German). Munich: R. Oldenbourg. 4052: 3712: 3700: 3648: 3636: 3612: 3600: 3588: 2406:A contingent of 14 aircraft supported the 1397:On 13 August 1940, the Luftwaffe began an 1374:. KG 54 attacked convoys Booty and Agent. 1047:, instructed Kesselring to bomb the city. 928:was suffered heavily, losing six He 111s. 539:Poland, Denmark, Norway and the Phoney War 364:, commander in chief of the Luftwaffe and 352:in May 1940 has occasioned accusations of 38: 3564: 2827:contends the attack, like the bombing of 2612:The Western Front and Operation Steinbock 2231:. From 1 to 3 July, rail attacks against 2168:'s sector. On 24 January it attacked the 1901:On 22 June 1941 it attacked airfields at 1828:Western Front, Channel and Atlantic Front 1259:III./KG 54 was the only one of the three 1021:had ended in a reverse for the Luftwaffe 246:, which began World War II. It spent the 4468:Luftwaffe at War; Blitzkrieg in the West 4407:Hohne, Joachim; Holden, Randall (2004). 4159:; Krebs, Gerhard; Vogel, Detlef (2006). 3433: 2957:Air Power History, Volumes 44-45, p. 71. 2896:Volprecht Riedesel Freiherr zu Eisenbach 2807:lost 16 Me 262s on the ground as the US 2370:until late February 1942 while based at 2204:on 3 June and armed reconnaissance over 1930:support was effective, and an attack by 1113:the same day. On 18 May I./KG 54 bombed 912:area. The bombers were intercepted near 888:, France. III./KG 54 was intercepted by 278:reached a climax, KG 54 carried out the 5212:Bomber wings of the Luftwaffe 1933-1945 5181: 5153: 4593:The Bombing War : Europe 1939–1945 4092:Air Power History, Volumes 44–45, 1997. 3318: 3306: 3246: 3234: 3210: 3177: 3153: 2942: 2916: 1909:, Nielisk, Koshirski and other east of 1495:were cancelled. I./KG 54 struck at the 860:(Belgian Air Force – AéMI) air base at 666:in northern Denmark. From here it flew 409:(wing) was placed under the command of 4780:. Shrewsbury, UK: Airlife Publishing. 4347:. Burgess Hill: Classic Publications. 4064: 4016: 3965: 3953: 3941: 3929: 3917: 3905: 3893: 3881: 3845: 3797: 3773: 3761: 3624: 3493: 3445: 3421: 3342: 3330: 3294: 3198: 3129: 3066: 3002: 2853:Hague Convention on Land Warfare, 1907 2442:convoy was harried by I./KG 54 and I./ 1382:Leonhardy was shot down and killed by 798:By May 1940, KG 54 could muster three 382:Hague Convention on Land Warfare, 1907 189:[kampfɡəʃvaːdɐfiːɐʊntfʏnftsɪç] 26: 4776:Griehl, Manfred and Joachim Dressel. 4595:. London & New York: Allen Lane. 4028: 3552: 3540: 3528: 3481: 3469: 3457: 3366: 3354: 3165: 1133:which protected them from attacks by 783:on 15 February 1940. It was here the 642:, which was in turn, subordinated to 212:where the German Luftwaffe operated. 187: 7: 4763:Die Verbände der Luftwaffe 1935–1945 4040: 3785: 3576: 1550:while II./KG 54 bombed airfields at 1542:on 25 August. Both groups attack an 597:sometime in September. It supported 419:Walter Lackner became KG 54's first 4428:. London: Arms & Armour Press. 2121:. It bombed Soviet shipping in the 1160:Lackner was shot down and became a 1093:, the Dutch surrendered on 15 May. 495:during the winter and relocated to 4765:(in German). Verlag Heinz Nickel. 4251:. London: Grub Street Publishing. 4165:. Vol. VII. Clarendon Press. 2788:before losing five Me 262s to the 2573:. On 6 September it contested the 1943:. They played a vital role in the 1152:. The attacks were focused around 1035:was also still ongoing. A furious 25: 4185:Air Power in the Age of Total War 3978:de Zeng, Stankey & Creek 2007 3870:de Zeng, Stankey & Creek 2007 3858:de Zeng, Stankey & Creek 2007 3752:, pp. 182, 186–187, 188–190. 3750:de Zeng, Stankey & Creek 2007 3725:de Zeng, Stankey & Creek 2007 3689:de Zeng, Stankey & Creek 2007 3664:de Zeng, Stankey & Creek 2007 3517:de Zeng, Stankey & Creek 2007 3407:de Zeng, Stankey & Creek 2007 3390:de Zeng, Stankey & Creek 2007 3223:de Zeng, Stankey & Creek 2007 3094:de Zeng, Stankey & Creek 2007 3055:de Zeng, Stankey & Creek 2007 3028:de Zeng, Stankey & Creek 2007 2991:de Zeng, Stankey & Creek 2007 2931:de Zeng, Stankey & Creek 2007 2898:, 1 April 1943 – 27 February 1945 2889:, 23 November 1941 – 1 April 1943 2880:, 22 June 1940 – 23 November 1941 1491:Further missions by II./KG 54 to 1427:of I./KG 54 took off to bomb the 1228:. KG 54 was also involved in the 549:German invasion of Denmark (1940) 506:was formed on 1 February 1940 at 5184: 5156: 4856: 4633:. London, UK: Neville Spearman. 4366:. Manchester: Crecy Publishing. 3822:Bertke, Kindell & Smith 2012 3810:Bertke, Kindell & Smith 2012 2577:, bombing the landing forces at 2523:(7,174 GRT), Greek steamer 2148:II./KG 54, the only unit of the 2125:, and attacked installations at 2012:Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1105:, and troop concentrations near 545:German invasion of Poland (1939) 297:From July 1940 it fought in the 62: 4721:. Midland Puplishing, Hinkley. 4554:. London: McWhirter Twins Ltd. 2907:, 27 February 1945 – 8 May 1945 2336:Italian Campaign (World War II) 1353:Coulommiers – Voisins Aerodrome 1314:Battle of Britain and The Blitz 395:54 was formed on 1 May 1939 at 4487:Air War Over France, 1939–1940 1351:I. and II./KG 54 relocated to 577:participated in the invasion. 204:. It served on nearly all the 1: 4797:. Univ. of Kansas; Lawrence. 4717:Bergström, Christer (2007b). 4122:. London: Chevron/Ian Allan. 3283:Cull, Lander & Weiss 1999 3271:Cull, Lander & Weiss 1999 3259:Cull, Lander & Weiss 1999 3142:Cull, Lander & Weiss 1999 3118:Cull, Lander & Weiss 1999 3106:Cull, Lander & Weiss 1999 2655:Saint-André-de-l'Eure Airport 2457:It allocated seven Ju 88s to 2332:Siege of Malta (World War II) 2282:Western Front, Baedeker raids 1554:and a troop training camp at 1534:. II./KG 54 bombed Portland, 759:continued. KG 54 was sent to 4812:The German Air War in Russia 4731:Bergström, Christer (2015). 3834:Shores, Ring & Hess 1975 2970:Boog, Krebs & Vogel 2006 1868:Eastern Front (World War II) 1834:Western Front (World War II) 1439:of StG 77 began heading for 1429:Royal Aircraft Establishment 1164:on the 19th and replaced by 1142:Paul Ludwig Ewald von Kleist 858:Aéronautique Militaire Belge 852:. The immediate goal was to 822:France and the Low Countries 789:Braunschweiger Black Hussars 628:attacks, which aside from a 270:, the German offensive into 244:German forces invaded Poland 237:Braunschweiger Black Hussars 4675:. San Diego: Lucent Books. 4100:. New York: Da Capo Press. 2676:on 6 June 1944, due to the 2502:. I./KG 54 left Sicily for 2472:Second Battle of El Alamein 2358:on 20 December 1941 as the 2198:security warfare operations 2156:, the group transferred to 1248:. KG 54 sank the 8,000-ton 848:, in support of the German 779:. Stab./KG 54 was based at 524:airborne leaflet propaganda 325:. In 1943 it served in the 5238: 4778:Heinkel He 177 – 277 – 274 4761:Dierich, Wolfgang (1995). 4648:Radtke, Siegfried (1990). 4591:Overy, Richard J. (2013). 4005:Caldwell & Muller 2007 3993:Caldwell & Muller 2007 2846:German official historians 2615: 2321: 1990:on 17 July near Kanev and 1861: 1844:German battleship Bismarck 1831: 1518:attacked shipping off the 1342:Oberkommando der Luftwaffe 1317: 825: 542: 526:over northeastern France. 235:motif was inspired by the 4576:. Washington: Brassey's. 3096:, pp. 178, 183, 188. 2535:Battle of the Mareth Line 2294:(targeting a car plant), 1330:Armistice of 22 June 1940 1293:Armistice of 22 June 1940 1137:at a cost to themselves. 946:by Kesselring's command. 828:Battle of the Netherlands 622:Battle of Brześć Litewski 276:Battle of the Netherlands 274:. On 14 May 1940, as the 37: 4791:Hayward, Joel S (1998). 4485:Jackson, Robert (1974). 3369:, pp. 226, 228–229. 2839:At Nuremberg Prosecutor 2700:on 9/10 June. It bombed 2575:Allied invasion of Italy 854:suppress enemy air power 321:and the invasion of the 136:Totenkopf (Death's Head) 4690:Wakefield, Ken (1999). 4550:Mason, Francis (1969). 4209:. London: Aurum Press. 4077:Hohne & Holden 2004 2833:crimes against humanity 2786:447th Bombardment Group 2461:to support the Axis in 2340:I./KG 54 supported the 2119:First Battle of Kharkov 1894:. KG 54 was to support 974:columns near Ghent and 960:III./KG 54 carried out 767:2 as reinforcement for 620:on 15 September as the 5123:Schnellkampfgeschwader 4610:Parker, Nigel (2013). 4516:. London: Frank Cass. 4466:Hooton, E.R. (2007b). 4443:Hooton, E. R. (1997). 4096:Bekker, Cajus (1994). 2519:sank the liberty ship 2480:anti-submarine warfare 2328:North African Campaign 1848:her Atlantic operation 1838:Battle of the Atlantic 1662:White Waltham Airfield 1488: 1344:(OKL), was ordered by 1208:From 20 to 26 May, I. 1205: 1010: 924:and 607 Squadrons. 8. 886:Saint-Omer-en-Chaussée 856:. I./KG 54 bombed the 676:Royal New Zealand Navy 593:on 8 September and to 429:unit was allotted the 329:. KG 54 fought on the 311:Battle of the Atlantic 229:3rd SS Panzer Division 5173:at Knowledge (XXG)'s 4794:Stopped At Stalingrad 4631:Fighters Over Tunisia 4512:The Battle of Britain 4489:. London: Ian Allan. 4470:. Chevron/Ian Allan. 4424:Hooton, E.R. (1994). 3005:, pp. 14, 19–22. 2819:War crime allegations 2778:Messerschmitt Me 262s 2598:air attacks on Naples 2500:Operation Retribution 2192:, north-northeast of 1880:under the command of 1486: 1451:and 173 Bf 109s from 1405:. KG 54 attacked the 1199: 1008: 868:. II./KG 54 attacked 775:to act as support to 557:On 1 September 1939, 185:German pronunciation: 115:Maritime interdiction 111:Offensive counter air 4735:. Casemate: Oxford. 4673:The Nuremberg Trials 4671:Rice, Earle (1997). 4614:. London: Red Kite. 4531:Mackay, Ron (2011). 4362:Goss, Chris (2010). 4343:Goss, Chris (2007). 4272:Ian Allan Publishing 3776:, pp. 212, 245. 3727:, pp. 179, 182. 3519:, pp. 179, 184. 3434:James & Cox 2000 2735:Messerschmitt Me 262 2416:Battle of Bir Hakeim 1864:Operation Barbarossa 1660:(possibly to attack 1505:No. 238 Squadron RAF 1212:bombed airfields at 1148:as it closed on the 1135:No. 111 Squadron RAF 1019:Battle for The Hague 1013:On 14 May 1940, the 1000:Moerdijk bridgeheads 992:Frank Reginald Carey 668:armed reconnaissance 652:Operation Weserübung 333:and participated in 319:Operation Barbarossa 256:Operation Weserübung 4694:. NPI Media Group. 4552:Battle Over Britain 4382:Frieser, Karl-Heinz 4116:Bergström, Christer 3968:, pp. 241–250. 3956:, pp. 273–284. 3944:, pp. 231–244. 3932:, pp. 203–230. 3920:, pp. 144–155. 3908:, pp. 134–138. 3896:, pp. 109–112. 3872:, pp. 187–188. 3848:, pp. 188–193. 3800:, pp. 126–130. 3764:, pp. 100–120. 3579:, pp. 212–248. 3484:, pp. 241–242. 3472:, pp. 238–239. 3460:, pp. 236–240. 3285:, pp. 269–270. 3132:, pp. 240–241. 2863:Commanding officers 2794:Geschwaderkommodore 2790:357th Fighter Group 2674:Juvincourt Airfield 2622:Operation Steinbock 2555:Operation Corkscrew 2436:gross register tons 2408:German Africa Corps 1730:Newcastle upon Tyne 1579:15 September battle 1403:RAF Fighter Command 1158:Geschwaderkommodore 1062:Geschwaderkommodore 1057:General der Flieger 1033:Battle of Rotterdam 846:invasion of Belgium 791:was chosen for the 720:with the troopship 607:attacks on the city 491:was training under 422:Geschwaderkommodore 335:Operation Steinbock 309:, German Navy, the 258:, the invasions of 200:bomber wing during 5171:Kampfgeschwader 54 4570:Murray, Williamson 4449:Brockhampton Press 4411:. Self Published. 4296:. Franklin Watts. 4249:Twelve Days in May 4232:. MBI Publishing. 4224:Caldwell, Donald; 3884:, pp. 98–105. 3120:, pp. 47, 49. 2715:Battle of Saint-Lô 2702:Sainte-Mère-Église 2618:Operation Overlord 2432:Operation Vigorous 2098:, Dnepropetrovsk, 2041:and supported the 1887:, subordinated to 1489: 1370:near a convoy off 1206: 1011: 654:, the invasion of 569:, subordinated to 561:, the invasion of 553:Norwegian Campaign 403:./KG 254. The new 348:KG 54's attack on 5144: 5143: 5117: 5116: 5067: 5066: 5007: 5006: 4942: 4941: 4803:978-0-7006-1146-1 4756:978-0-935553-51-2 4727:978-1-85780-276-4 4701:978-0-75241-692-2 4682:978-1-56006-269-1 4663:978-3-88014-098-1 4640:978-0-85435-210-4 4621:978-1-906592-09-7 4602:978-0-7139-9561-9 4583:978-1-57488-125-7 4561:978-0-901928-00-9 4542:978-0-9554735-8-6 4523:978-0-7146-8149-8 4496:978-0-7110-0510-5 4477:978-1-85780-272-6 4458:978-1-86019-995-0 4435:978-1-85409-181-9 4399:978-3-486-56124-1 4373:978-0-85979-148-9 4354:978-1-9032-2356-7 4327:978-0-307-42910-0 4303:978-0-531-01238-3 4281:978-1-85780-279-5 4258:978-1-90230-412-0 4239:978-1-85367-712-0 4216:978-1-85410-721-3 4194:978-1-85728-589-5 4172:978-0-19-822889-9 4148:978-1-937470-01-2 4129:978-1-85780-270-2 4107:978-0-306-80604-9 4019:, pp. 37–38. 3703:, pp. 63–64. 3603:, pp. 38–39. 3213:, pp. 44–45. 3108:, pp. 43–44. 2905:Hansgeorg Bätcher 2887:Walter Marienfeld 2801:Hansgeorg Bätcher 2678:Normandy landings 2428:Operation Harpoon 2360:siege intensified 2166:Army Group Centre 1976:Novograd Volynski 1905:, Kolki, Wilick, 1595:Southampton Blitz 1477:RAF Middle Wallop 1376:Gruppenkommandeur 1334:Operation Sealion 1320:Battle of Britain 1301:wounded in action 1230:Battle of Dunkirk 1216:and St. Omer and 1204:'s wing insignia. 832:Battle of Belgium 761:Albert Kesselring 672:battle for Namsos 601:, the advance to 440:Gruppenkommandeur 378:war of aggression 366:Albert Kesselring 299:Battle of Britain 288:Battle of Belgium 172: 171: 162:Geschwaderkennung 119:Strategic bombing 107:close air support 16:(Redirected from 5229: 5197: 5189: 5188: 5187: 5177: 5161: 5160: 5159: 5152: 5069: 5009: 4944: 4879: 4860: 4859: 4850: 4843: 4836: 4827: 4741:978-1612-00347-4 4705: 4686: 4667: 4644: 4625: 4606: 4587: 4565: 4546: 4527: 4515: 4500: 4481: 4462: 4439: 4420: 4403: 4377: 4358: 4339: 4312:Goldensohn, Leon 4307: 4285: 4262: 4243: 4220: 4198: 4176: 4152: 4133: 4111: 4080: 4074: 4068: 4062: 4056: 4050: 4044: 4038: 4032: 4026: 4020: 4014: 4008: 4002: 3996: 3990: 3981: 3975: 3969: 3963: 3957: 3951: 3945: 3939: 3933: 3927: 3921: 3915: 3909: 3903: 3897: 3891: 3885: 3879: 3873: 3867: 3861: 3855: 3849: 3843: 3837: 3831: 3825: 3819: 3813: 3807: 3801: 3795: 3789: 3783: 3777: 3771: 3765: 3759: 3753: 3747: 3728: 3722: 3716: 3710: 3704: 3698: 3692: 3686: 3667: 3661: 3652: 3646: 3640: 3634: 3628: 3622: 3616: 3610: 3604: 3598: 3592: 3586: 3580: 3574: 3568: 3562: 3556: 3550: 3544: 3538: 3532: 3526: 3520: 3514: 3497: 3491: 3485: 3479: 3473: 3467: 3461: 3455: 3449: 3443: 3437: 3431: 3425: 3419: 3410: 3404: 3393: 3387: 3370: 3364: 3358: 3352: 3346: 3340: 3334: 3328: 3322: 3316: 3310: 3304: 3298: 3292: 3286: 3280: 3274: 3268: 3262: 3256: 3250: 3244: 3238: 3232: 3226: 3220: 3214: 3208: 3202: 3196: 3181: 3175: 3169: 3163: 3157: 3151: 3145: 3139: 3133: 3127: 3121: 3115: 3109: 3103: 3097: 3091: 3070: 3064: 3058: 3052: 3031: 3025: 3006: 3000: 2994: 2988: 2973: 2967: 2958: 2955: 2946: 2940: 2934: 2928: 2809:Eighth Air Force 2606:Air Raid on Bari 2594:Italian Campaign 2450:and damaged the 2412:Battle of Gazala 2178:Battles of Rzhev 2170:Soviet 39th Army 2055:Soviet 26th Army 2031:air interdiction 1896:Army Group South 1631:Manchester Blitz 1623:Portsmouth Blitz 1615:Birmingham Blitz 1603:Manchester Blitz 1441:Portland Harbour 1297:killed in action 1263:to take part in 878:Battle of France 836:Battle of France 599:Army Group North 448:Otto Höhne. The 358:Nuremberg trials 292:Battle of France 210:European Theatre 191: 186: 103:Air interdiction 68: 66: 65: 42: 27: 21: 5237: 5236: 5232: 5231: 5230: 5228: 5227: 5226: 5202: 5201: 5200: 5190: 5185: 5183: 5180: 5176:sister projects 5175: 5167: 5157: 5155: 5147: 5145: 5140: 5113: 5063: 5003: 4938: 4874:Kampfgeschwader 4868: 4857: 4854: 4824: 4808:Muller, Richard 4713: 4711:Further reading 4708: 4702: 4689: 4683: 4670: 4664: 4647: 4641: 4628: 4622: 4609: 4603: 4590: 4584: 4568: 4562: 4549: 4543: 4530: 4524: 4503: 4497: 4484: 4478: 4465: 4459: 4442: 4436: 4423: 4406: 4400: 4380: 4374: 4361: 4355: 4342: 4328: 4310: 4304: 4288: 4282: 4265: 4259: 4246: 4240: 4226:Muller, Richard 4223: 4217: 4203:Bungay, Stephen 4201: 4195: 4179: 4173: 4155: 4149: 4136: 4130: 4114: 4108: 4095: 4088: 4083: 4075: 4071: 4063: 4059: 4053:Goldensohn 2005 4051: 4047: 4039: 4035: 4027: 4023: 4015: 4011: 4003: 3999: 3991: 3984: 3976: 3972: 3964: 3960: 3952: 3948: 3940: 3936: 3928: 3924: 3916: 3912: 3904: 3900: 3892: 3888: 3880: 3876: 3868: 3864: 3856: 3852: 3844: 3840: 3832: 3828: 3820: 3816: 3808: 3804: 3796: 3792: 3784: 3780: 3772: 3768: 3760: 3756: 3748: 3731: 3723: 3719: 3713:Bergström 2007a 3711: 3707: 3701:Bergström 2007a 3699: 3695: 3687: 3670: 3662: 3655: 3649:Bergström 2007a 3647: 3643: 3637:Bergström 2007a 3635: 3631: 3623: 3619: 3613:Bergström 2007a 3611: 3607: 3601:Bergström 2007a 3599: 3595: 3589:Bergström 2007a 3587: 3583: 3575: 3571: 3563: 3559: 3551: 3547: 3539: 3535: 3527: 3523: 3515: 3500: 3492: 3488: 3480: 3476: 3468: 3464: 3456: 3452: 3444: 3440: 3432: 3428: 3420: 3413: 3405: 3396: 3388: 3373: 3365: 3361: 3353: 3349: 3341: 3337: 3329: 3325: 3317: 3313: 3305: 3301: 3293: 3289: 3281: 3277: 3269: 3265: 3257: 3253: 3245: 3241: 3233: 3229: 3221: 3217: 3209: 3205: 3197: 3184: 3176: 3172: 3164: 3160: 3152: 3148: 3140: 3136: 3128: 3124: 3116: 3112: 3104: 3100: 3092: 3073: 3065: 3061: 3053: 3034: 3026: 3009: 3001: 2997: 2989: 2976: 2968: 2961: 2956: 2949: 2941: 2937: 2929: 2918: 2914: 2865: 2821: 2782:Central Germany 2766: 2727:Operation Cobra 2682:Butterfly Bombs 2672:were rushed to 2639:Dutch Air Force 2624: 2616:Main articles: 2614: 2563:Operation Husky 2467:Pedestal Convoy 2338: 2322:Main articles: 2320: 2284: 2254:near Rzhev and 2252:3rd Panzer Army 2208:on 10/11 June. 2004:Polikarpov I-16 1945:Battle of Brody 1941:1st Panzer Army 1870: 1862:Main articles: 1860: 1840: 1832:Main articles: 1830: 1619:Sheffield Blitz 1607:Liverpool Blitz 1435:. At 05:50, 88 1423:. At 05:00, 20 1417:RAF Farnborough 1338:air superiority 1326: 1318:Main articles: 1316: 1269:Operation Paula 1234:Siege of Calais 1162:prisoner of war 1150:English Channel 1146:1st Panzer Army 1027:, commanded by 1024:Fallschirmjäger 996:French 7th Army 939:air superiority 890:Royal Air Force 866:Scheldt Estuary 838: 826:Main articles: 824: 618:Brześć Litewski 616:forces east of 567:Fliegerdivision 555: 543:Main articles: 541: 536: 534:Wartime service 508:Wiener Neustadt 499:in March 1940. 479:, southeast of 393:Kampfgeschwader 390: 368:, commander of 280:Rotterdam Blitz 184: 179:Kampfgeschwader 175: 164: 157: 117: 113: 109: 105: 63: 61: 53:1939–1945 45: 31:Kampfgeschwader 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5235: 5233: 5225: 5224: 5219: 5214: 5204: 5203: 5199: 5198: 5169: 5166: 5165: 5142: 5141: 5139: 5138: 5133: 5127: 5125: 5119: 5118: 5115: 5114: 5112: 5111: 5106: 5101: 5096: 5091: 5086: 5081: 5075: 5073: 5065: 5064: 5062: 5061: 5056: 5051: 5046: 5041: 5036: 5031: 5026: 5021: 5015: 5013: 5005: 5004: 5002: 5001: 4996: 4991: 4986: 4981: 4976: 4971: 4966: 4961: 4956: 4950: 4948: 4940: 4939: 4937: 4936: 4931: 4926: 4921: 4916: 4911: 4906: 4901: 4896: 4891: 4885: 4883: 4876: 4870: 4869: 4855: 4853: 4852: 4845: 4838: 4830: 4823: 4822: 4805: 4789: 4774: 4759: 4744: 4729: 4714: 4712: 4709: 4707: 4706: 4700: 4687: 4681: 4668: 4662: 4645: 4639: 4626: 4620: 4607: 4601: 4588: 4582: 4566: 4560: 4547: 4541: 4528: 4522: 4506:Cox, Sebastian 4504:James, T.C.G; 4501: 4495: 4482: 4476: 4463: 4457: 4440: 4434: 4421: 4404: 4398: 4378: 4372: 4359: 4353: 4340: 4326: 4308: 4302: 4286: 4280: 4263: 4257: 4244: 4238: 4221: 4215: 4199: 4193: 4177: 4171: 4153: 4147: 4134: 4128: 4112: 4106: 4093: 4089: 4087: 4084: 4082: 4081: 4069: 4057: 4055:, p. 325. 4045: 4033: 4021: 4009: 4007:, p. 271. 3997: 3995:, p. 270. 3982: 3980:, p. 190. 3970: 3958: 3946: 3934: 3922: 3910: 3898: 3886: 3874: 3862: 3860:, p. 187. 3850: 3838: 3826: 3814: 3802: 3790: 3788:, p. 102. 3778: 3766: 3754: 3729: 3717: 3705: 3693: 3691:, p. 186. 3668: 3666:, p. 185. 3653: 3641: 3629: 3617: 3605: 3593: 3581: 3569: 3567:, p. 130. 3565:Wakefield 1999 3557: 3555:, p. 302. 3545: 3543:, p. 290. 3533: 3531:, p. 278. 3521: 3498: 3496:, p. 119. 3486: 3474: 3462: 3450: 3438: 3426: 3424:, p. 208. 3411: 3409:, p. 184. 3394: 3392:, p. 179. 3371: 3359: 3357:, p. 177. 3347: 3335: 3333:, p. 267. 3323: 3311: 3309:, p. 116. 3299: 3297:, p. 254. 3287: 3275: 3273:, p. 266. 3263: 3261:, p. 205. 3251: 3239: 3227: 3225:, p. 182. 3215: 3203: 3201:, p. 249. 3182: 3170: 3158: 3146: 3134: 3122: 3110: 3098: 3071: 3069:, p. 208. 3059: 3057:, p. 188. 3032: 3030:, p. 183. 3007: 2995: 2993:, p. 178. 2974: 2972:, p. 362. 2959: 2947: 2945:, p. 129. 2935: 2933:, p. 177. 2915: 2913: 2910: 2909: 2908: 2899: 2893:Oberstleutnant 2890: 2884:Oberstleutnant 2881: 2875:Oberstleutnant 2872: 2864: 2861: 2820: 2817: 2765: 2764:Jet operations 2762: 2746:Battle of Caen 2684:and mined the 2613: 2610: 2583:Gulf of Naples 2496:Operation Flax 2362:. It moved to 2319: 2316: 2288:Baedeker Raids 2283: 2280: 2225:Operation Blue 2039:Battle of Kiev 2023:Battle of Uman 2019:Dnepropetrovsk 1859: 1856: 1829: 1826: 1611:Coventry Blitz 1591:Plymouth Blitz 1509:18 August 1940 1499:(FAA) base at 1437:Junkers Ju 87s 1425:Junkers Ju 88s 1399:all-out attack 1378:of II./KG 54, 1346:Hermann Göring 1315: 1312: 1214:Norrent-Fontes 1166:Oberstleutnant 1049:Rudolf Schmidt 1041:Hermann Göring 931:Staffelkapitän 884:, Belgium and 870:Marck airfield 823: 820: 748:also attacked 738:Central Norway 626:Western Allied 540: 537: 535: 532: 431:Heinkel He 111 389: 386: 362:Hermann Göring 272:Western Europe 221:Heinkel He 111 181:54 "Totenkopf" 173: 170: 169: 159: 156:Identification 153: 152: 148: 147: 142: 138: 137: 134: 130: 129: 128:Air Force Wing 126: 122: 121: 100: 96: 95: 87: 83: 82: 77: 73: 72: 59: 55: 54: 51: 47: 46: 43: 35: 34: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5234: 5223: 5220: 5218: 5215: 5213: 5210: 5209: 5207: 5195: 5194: 5182: 5178: 5172: 5164: 5154: 5150: 5137: 5134: 5132: 5129: 5128: 5126: 5124: 5120: 5110: 5107: 5105: 5102: 5100: 5097: 5095: 5092: 5090: 5087: 5085: 5082: 5080: 5077: 5076: 5074: 5072:200th – 355th 5070: 5060: 5057: 5055: 5052: 5050: 5047: 5045: 5042: 5040: 5037: 5035: 5032: 5030: 5027: 5025: 5022: 5020: 5017: 5016: 5014: 5012:100th – 158th 5010: 5000: 4997: 4995: 4992: 4990: 4987: 4985: 4982: 4980: 4977: 4975: 4972: 4970: 4967: 4965: 4962: 4960: 4957: 4955: 4952: 4951: 4949: 4945: 4935: 4932: 4930: 4927: 4925: 4922: 4920: 4917: 4915: 4912: 4910: 4907: 4905: 4902: 4900: 4897: 4895: 4892: 4890: 4887: 4886: 4884: 4880: 4877: 4875: 4871: 4867: 4864:wings of the 4863: 4851: 4846: 4844: 4839: 4837: 4832: 4831: 4828: 4821: 4820:1-877853-13-5 4817: 4813: 4809: 4806: 4804: 4800: 4796: 4795: 4790: 4787: 4786:1-85310-364-0 4783: 4779: 4775: 4772: 4768: 4764: 4760: 4757: 4753: 4749: 4745: 4742: 4738: 4734: 4730: 4728: 4724: 4720: 4716: 4715: 4710: 4703: 4697: 4693: 4688: 4684: 4678: 4674: 4669: 4665: 4659: 4655: 4651: 4646: 4642: 4636: 4632: 4627: 4623: 4617: 4613: 4608: 4604: 4598: 4594: 4589: 4585: 4579: 4575: 4571: 4567: 4563: 4557: 4553: 4548: 4544: 4538: 4534: 4529: 4525: 4519: 4514: 4513: 4507: 4502: 4498: 4492: 4488: 4483: 4479: 4473: 4469: 4464: 4460: 4454: 4450: 4446: 4441: 4437: 4431: 4427: 4422: 4418: 4414: 4410: 4405: 4401: 4395: 4391: 4387: 4383: 4379: 4375: 4369: 4365: 4360: 4356: 4350: 4346: 4341: 4337: 4333: 4329: 4323: 4319: 4318: 4313: 4309: 4305: 4299: 4295: 4291: 4290:Dupuy, Trevor 4287: 4283: 4277: 4273: 4269: 4264: 4260: 4254: 4250: 4245: 4241: 4235: 4231: 4227: 4222: 4218: 4212: 4208: 4204: 4200: 4196: 4190: 4187:. UCL Press. 4186: 4182: 4181:Buckley, John 4178: 4174: 4168: 4164: 4163: 4158: 4154: 4150: 4144: 4140: 4135: 4131: 4125: 4121: 4117: 4113: 4109: 4103: 4099: 4094: 4091: 4090: 4085: 4078: 4073: 4070: 4066: 4061: 4058: 4054: 4049: 4046: 4043:, p. 66. 4042: 4037: 4034: 4030: 4025: 4022: 4018: 4013: 4010: 4006: 4001: 3998: 3994: 3989: 3987: 3983: 3979: 3974: 3971: 3967: 3962: 3959: 3955: 3950: 3947: 3943: 3938: 3935: 3931: 3926: 3923: 3919: 3914: 3911: 3907: 3902: 3899: 3895: 3890: 3887: 3883: 3878: 3875: 3871: 3866: 3863: 3859: 3854: 3851: 3847: 3842: 3839: 3835: 3830: 3827: 3824:, p. 68. 3823: 3818: 3815: 3812:, p. 67. 3811: 3806: 3803: 3799: 3794: 3791: 3787: 3782: 3779: 3775: 3770: 3767: 3763: 3758: 3755: 3751: 3746: 3744: 3742: 3740: 3738: 3736: 3734: 3730: 3726: 3721: 3718: 3715:, p. 70. 3714: 3709: 3706: 3702: 3697: 3694: 3690: 3685: 3683: 3681: 3679: 3677: 3675: 3673: 3669: 3665: 3660: 3658: 3654: 3651:, p. 63. 3650: 3645: 3642: 3639:, p. 65. 3638: 3633: 3630: 3627:, p. 55. 3626: 3621: 3618: 3615:, p. 39. 3614: 3609: 3606: 3602: 3597: 3594: 3591:, p. 38. 3590: 3585: 3582: 3578: 3573: 3570: 3566: 3561: 3558: 3554: 3549: 3546: 3542: 3537: 3534: 3530: 3525: 3522: 3518: 3513: 3511: 3509: 3507: 3505: 3503: 3499: 3495: 3490: 3487: 3483: 3478: 3475: 3471: 3466: 3463: 3459: 3454: 3451: 3448:, p. 31. 3447: 3442: 3439: 3436:, p. 74. 3435: 3430: 3427: 3423: 3418: 3416: 3412: 3408: 3403: 3401: 3399: 3395: 3391: 3386: 3384: 3382: 3380: 3378: 3376: 3372: 3368: 3363: 3360: 3356: 3351: 3348: 3345:, p. 17. 3344: 3339: 3336: 3332: 3327: 3324: 3321:, p. 87. 3320: 3315: 3312: 3308: 3303: 3300: 3296: 3291: 3288: 3284: 3279: 3276: 3272: 3267: 3264: 3260: 3255: 3252: 3249:, p. 44. 3248: 3243: 3240: 3237:, p. 45. 3236: 3231: 3228: 3224: 3219: 3216: 3212: 3207: 3204: 3200: 3195: 3193: 3191: 3189: 3187: 3183: 3180:, p. 74. 3179: 3174: 3171: 3168:, p. 21. 3167: 3162: 3159: 3156:, p. 51. 3155: 3150: 3147: 3144:, p. 76. 3143: 3138: 3135: 3131: 3126: 3123: 3119: 3114: 3111: 3107: 3102: 3099: 3095: 3090: 3088: 3086: 3084: 3082: 3080: 3078: 3076: 3072: 3068: 3063: 3060: 3056: 3051: 3049: 3047: 3045: 3043: 3041: 3039: 3037: 3033: 3029: 3024: 3022: 3020: 3018: 3016: 3014: 3012: 3008: 3004: 2999: 2996: 2992: 2987: 2985: 2983: 2981: 2979: 2975: 2971: 2966: 2964: 2960: 2954: 2952: 2948: 2944: 2939: 2936: 2932: 2927: 2925: 2923: 2921: 2917: 2911: 2906: 2903: 2900: 2897: 2894: 2891: 2888: 2885: 2882: 2879: 2876: 2873: 2870: 2867: 2866: 2862: 2860: 2856: 2854: 2850: 2847: 2842: 2837: 2834: 2830: 2826: 2825:Richard Overy 2818: 2816: 2814: 2810: 2806: 2802: 2799: 2795: 2791: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2775: 2771: 2763: 2761: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2747: 2743: 2738: 2736: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2720: 2716: 2712: 2708: 2703: 2699: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2666: 2664: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2648: 2643: 2640: 2636: 2635: 2634:Unteroffizier 2629: 2623: 2619: 2611: 2609: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2590: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2551: 2547: 2545: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2531: 2526: 2522: 2521:Ocean Voyager 2518: 2514: 2510: 2505: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2485: 2481: 2475: 2473: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2455: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2404: 2402: 2398: 2393: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2369: 2368:Malta Convoys 2366:and attacked 2365: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2344: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2317: 2315: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2281: 2279: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2262:rail head at 2261: 2257: 2253: 2248: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2217: 2215: 2209: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2160:, to support 2159: 2155: 2151: 2146: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2115: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2064: 2061: 2056: 2052: 2049:. KG 54, and 2048: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2015: 2013: 2007: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1988:Dnieper River 1985: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1952: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1937: 1933: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1899: 1897: 1893: 1891: 1886: 1884: 1879: 1875: 1869: 1865: 1858:Eastern Front 1857: 1855: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1839: 1835: 1827: 1825: 1822: 1817: 1815: 1811: 1810:Boscombe Down 1807: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1658:White Waltham 1655: 1651: 1646: 1644: 1643:Belfast Blitz 1640: 1636: 1635:Bristol Blitz 1632: 1628: 1627:Glasgow Blitz 1624: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1599:Cardiff Blitz 1596: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1559: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1520:Isle of Wight 1517: 1512: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1497:Fleet Air Arm 1494: 1485: 1481: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1415: 1412: 1408: 1407:Fleet Air Arm 1404: 1400: 1395: 1393: 1392:night fighter 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1356: 1354: 1349: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1325: 1321: 1313: 1311: 1309: 1304: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1257: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1246:Junkers Ju 88 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1220:positions at 1219: 1215: 1211: 1203: 1198: 1194: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1138: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1099: 1094: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1075: 1073: 1068: 1063: 1059: 1058: 1052: 1050: 1046: 1045:Great Britain 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1025: 1020: 1016: 1007: 1003: 1001: 997: 993: 989: 985: 981: 977: 973: 968: 963: 958: 956: 954: 950:, commanding 949: 945: 944:Low Countries 940: 935: 933: 932: 927: 923: 919: 915: 911: 907: 903: 899: 895: 891: 887: 883: 879: 875: 871: 867: 863: 859: 855: 851: 847: 843: 837: 833: 829: 821: 819: 817: 813: 809: 805: 801: 796: 794: 790: 786: 782: 778: 774: 770: 766: 762: 758: 753: 751: 747: 743: 739: 735: 731: 727: 723: 722:Ville D'Alger 719: 718: 713: 712: 707: 703: 702: 697: 696: 691: 690: 685: 681: 677: 673: 669: 665: 661: 657: 653: 649: 645: 641: 640: 633: 631: 630:token advance 627: 623: 619: 615: 610: 608: 604: 600: 596: 592: 588: 585:was moved to 584: 580: 576: 572: 568: 564: 560: 554: 550: 546: 538: 533: 531: 529: 525: 521: 517: 513: 509: 505: 500: 498: 494: 490: 486: 482: 478: 474: 469: 467: 463: 459: 455: 451: 447: 446: 442: 441: 436: 432: 428: 427:medium bomber 424: 423: 418: 417: 412: 408: 407: 402: 399:by reforming 398: 394: 387: 385: 383: 379: 375: 371: 367: 363: 359: 355: 351: 346: 344: 343:Western Front 340: 336: 332: 331:Italian Front 328: 324: 320: 316: 315:Eastern Front 312: 308: 304: 300: 295: 293: 289: 285: 281: 277: 273: 269: 265: 261: 257: 253: 249: 245: 240: 238: 234: 230: 226: 225:Junkers Ju 88 222: 218: 217:medium bomber 213: 211: 207: 203: 199: 195: 190: 182: 180: 174:Military unit 168: 163: 160: 154: 149: 146: 143: 139: 135: 131: 127: 123: 120: 116: 112: 108: 104: 101: 97: 94: 91: 88: 84: 81: 78: 74: 71: 60: 56: 52: 48: 44:Unit insignia 41: 36: 32: 28: 19: 5196:from Commons 5191: 5170: 5122: 4973: 4873: 4811: 4792: 4777: 4762: 4747: 4732: 4718: 4691: 4672: 4653: 4649: 4630: 4611: 4592: 4573: 4551: 4535:. Red Kite. 4532: 4511: 4486: 4467: 4444: 4425: 4408: 4389: 4385: 4363: 4344: 4316: 4293: 4267: 4248: 4229: 4206: 4184: 4161: 4138: 4119: 4097: 4086:Bibliography 4072: 4060: 4048: 4036: 4024: 4012: 4000: 3973: 3961: 3949: 3937: 3925: 3913: 3901: 3889: 3877: 3865: 3853: 3841: 3829: 3817: 3805: 3793: 3781: 3769: 3757: 3720: 3708: 3696: 3644: 3632: 3620: 3608: 3596: 3584: 3572: 3560: 3548: 3536: 3524: 3489: 3477: 3465: 3453: 3441: 3429: 3362: 3350: 3338: 3326: 3319:Hooton 2007b 3314: 3307:Jackson 1974 3302: 3290: 3278: 3266: 3254: 3247:Jackson 1974 3242: 3235:Jackson 1974 3230: 3218: 3211:Jackson 1974 3206: 3178:Frieser 1995 3173: 3161: 3154:Hooton 2007b 3149: 3137: 3125: 3113: 3101: 3062: 2998: 2943:Buckley 1999 2938: 2901: 2892: 2883: 2874: 2868: 2857: 2841:Maxwell Fyfe 2838: 2822: 2804: 2797: 2793: 2769: 2767: 2741: 2739: 2722: 2707:Fliegerkorps 2706: 2698:Lion-sur-Mer 2669: 2667: 2646: 2644: 2632: 2627: 2625: 2601: 2591: 2552: 2548: 2529: 2524: 2520: 2512: 2476: 2463:North Africa 2456: 2451: 2447: 2439: 2405: 2378:. It bombed 2343:Afrika Korps 2341: 2339: 2285: 2267: 2249: 2214:Fliegerkorps 2213: 2210: 2162:Fliegerkorps 2161: 2149: 2147: 2143:East Prussia 2116: 2067: 2065: 2060:Fliegerkorps 2059: 2051:Fliegerkorps 2050: 2016: 2008: 1999: 1953: 1900: 1889: 1883:Fliegerkorps 1882: 1871: 1841: 1818: 1674:Peterborough 1666:Newton Abbot 1647: 1575:London Blitz 1570: 1560: 1540:RAF Warmwell 1532:234 Squadron 1515: 1513: 1490: 1473:RAF Tangmere 1469:RAF Northolt 1396: 1384:601 Squadron 1379: 1375: 1368:609 Squadron 1359: 1357: 1350: 1327: 1305: 1260: 1258: 1253: 1237: 1209: 1207: 1189: 1185: 1165: 1157: 1139: 1103:Valenciennes 1095: 1076: 1071: 1061: 1055: 1053: 1029:Kurt Student 1022: 1012: 972:Belgian Army 962:interdiction 959: 952: 948:Hugo Sperrle 936: 929: 925: 894:607 Squadron 857: 839: 807: 803: 799: 797: 792: 784: 777:Army Group B 764: 754: 745: 721: 716: 710: 700: 694: 692:and cruiser 688: 679: 647: 643: 639:Fliegerkorps 638: 634: 611: 591:East Prussia 582: 578: 574: 570: 566: 556: 527: 515: 503: 501: 493:Luftflotte 2 488: 472: 470: 449: 443: 438: 434: 420: 414: 411:Luftflotte 3 404: 400: 392: 391: 370:Luftflotte 2 347: 323:Soviet Union 307:Kriegsmarine 296: 241: 232: 214: 202:World War II 193: 178: 177: 176: 166: 161: 145:World War II 70:Nazi Germany 30: 4947:40th – 77th 4157:Boog, Horst 4079:, p. . 4067:, p. . 4065:Bekker 1994 4031:, p. . 4017:Murray 1983 3966:Mackay 2011 3954:Mackay 2011 3942:Mackay 2011 3930:Mackay 2011 3918:Mackay 2011 3906:Mackay 2011 3894:Mackay 2011 3882:Mackay 2011 3846:Radtke 1990 3798:Radtke 1990 3774:Hooton 1997 3762:Radtke 1990 3625:Radtke 1990 3494:Parker 2013 3446:Mackay 2011 3422:Bungay 2000 3343:Hooton 1997 3331:Hooton 1994 3295:Hooton 1997 3199:Hooton 1994 3130:Hooton 1994 3067:Hooton 1994 3003:Radtke 1990 2754:Soesterberg 2731:Giebelstadt 2694:Arromanches 2559:Pantelleria 2513:Yorba Linda 2123:Sea of Azov 2027:Desna River 1972:Stalin Line 1698:Bournemouth 1690:Northampton 1682:Selsey Bill 1583:Rolls-Royce 1546:factory at 1524:Southampton 1493:RAF Croydon 1414:RAF Croydon 1388:87 Squadron 1250:French Navy 1218:French Army 1087:Maas Island 781:Quakenbrück 708:destroyers 706:French Navy 704:, plus the 614:Polish Army 219:types; the 141:Engagements 133:Nickname(s) 5206:Categories 4882:1st – 30th 4771:3879434379 4029:Overy 2013 3553:Mason 1969 3541:Mason 1969 3529:Mason 1969 3482:Mason 1969 3470:Mason 1969 3458:Mason 1969 3367:Mason 1969 3355:Mason 1969 3166:Dupuy 1963 2912:References 2878:Otto Höhne 2849:Horst Boog 2813:Regensburg 2776:. Some 67 2539:Ingolstadt 2296:Birmingham 2202:Dorogobuzh 2154:Königsberg 2150:Geschwader 2100:Debaltsevo 1890:Luftflotte 1758:Nottingham 1738:Warrington 1714:Birkenhead 1706:Eastbourne 1639:Hull Blitz 1433:RAF Odiham 1421:RAF Odiham 1364:Kanalkampf 1328:After the 1083:bombardier 1079:Otto Höhne 1015:Dutch Army 953:Luftflotte 840:Operation 804:Luftflotte 793:Geschwader 765:Luftflotte 757:Phoney War 717:Foudroyant 695:Birmingham 686:destroyer 684:Royal Navy 644:Luftflotte 595:Königsberg 573:2. Only 2 571:Luftflotte 559:Fall Weiss 406:Geschwader 354:war crimes 284:Dutch Army 248:Phoney War 4866:Luftwaffe 4336:712782345 4118:(2007a). 4041:Rice 1997 3786:Goss 2007 3577:Goss 2010 2719:Avranches 2711:Eindhoven 2659:Flensburg 2245:Millerovo 2237:Don River 2112:Memmingen 2096:Kirilovka 2094:, Izyum, 2088:Millerovo 2043:11th Army 1992:Cherkassy 1968:Melitopol 1766:Dartmouth 1750:Blackpool 1742:Honington 1718:Avonmouth 1710:Aldershot 1686:Leicester 1678:Aylesbury 1585:plant at 1447:, and V./ 1324:The Blitz 1277:open city 1271:, around 1242:Zeebrugge 1222:Abbeville 1098:Gütersloh 998:from the 980:Zandhoven 967:Het Zoute 898:Roeselare 842:Fall Gelb 785:Totenkopf 769:Fall Gelb 742:Åndalsnes 734:Åndalsnes 726:Trondheim 587:Seerappen 485:Oldenburg 374:open city 350:Rotterdam 303:The Blitz 268:Fall Gelb 233:Totenkopf 198:Luftwaffe 80:Luftwaffe 5163:Aviation 4810:(1992). 4572:(1983). 4508:(2000). 4417:70698294 4384:(1995). 4314:(2005). 4292:(1963). 4228:(2007). 4205:(2000). 4183:(1999). 2750:Le Havre 2504:Piacenza 2392:RAF Luqa 2384:Valletta 2372:Benghazi 2308:Hastings 2304:Southend 2260:Red Army 2233:Voronezh 2229:Caucasus 2186:Toropets 2174:Mologino 2164:VIII in 2084:Kupyansk 2080:Belgorod 1964:Zhitomir 1960:Novograd 1956:Tarnopol 1915:Korosten 1852:she sank 1802:Bicester 1794:Falmouth 1774:Shoreham 1770:Holyhead 1762:Warmwell 1726:Minehead 1722:Greenock 1702:Brighton 1670:Cropredy 1650:Daventry 1567:Shoreham 1563:Brighton 1544:aluminum 1536:Weymouth 1409:base at 1299:and one 1285:Brittany 1281:Normandy 1265:Fall Rot 1252:steamer 1144:and his 1127:Mauberge 1067:Altstadt 910:Brussels 882:Courtrai 850:6th Army 701:Calcutta 680:Auckland 397:Fritzlar 223:and the 196:) was a 151:Insignia 2758:Neuburg 2670:Gruppen 2663:Torquay 2628:Gruppen 2587:Bergamo 2579:Salerno 2530:Derwent 2492:Tunisia 2484:Algeria 2440:Harpoon 2424:El Adem 2410:in the 2397:Eleusis 2380:Hal Far 2364:Gerbini 2348:Catania 2300:Norwich 2292:Bedford 2264:Soblago 2241:Rossosh 2239:in the 2190:Rybinsk 2182:Kalinin 2176:in the 2131:Aktarsk 2092:Kolomak 2072:Kharkov 2047:Perekop 2035:Poltava 2033:in the 1919:sorties 1907:Janówka 1878:Świdnik 1846:during 1814:Swansea 1806:Harwell 1798:Andover 1790:Mullion 1786:Exmouth 1782:Torquay 1754:Reading 1746:Andover 1556:Farnham 1548:Banbury 1501:Gosport 1411:Gosport 1372:Swanage 1360:Staffel 1289:Orléans 1261:Gruppen 1226:Tournai 1190:Staffel 1186:Staffel 1172:and I./ 1123:Dunkirk 1107:Cambrai 1091:Utrecht 1072:Gruppen 988:Hasselt 984:Andenne 926:Staffel 906:Antwerp 862:Antwerp 816:Ostheim 812:Cologne 800:Gruppen 795:motif. 787:of the 670:in the 664:Aalborg 656:Denmark 646:2. The 583:Staffel 575:Staffel 512:Austria 462:Tripoli 454:Seville 388:History 339:England 260:Denmark 208:in the 58:Country 5149:Portal 4862:Bomber 4818: 4801: 4784: 4769: 4754: 4739: 4725: 4698: 4679: 4660: 4637: 4618: 4599: 4580: 4558: 4539: 4520: 4493: 4474: 4455: 4432: 4415: 4396: 4370: 4351: 4334: 4324: 4300: 4278: 4255: 4236: 4213: 4191: 4169: 4145: 4126: 4104: 2869:Oberst 2829:Warsaw 2805:Gruppe 2770:Gruppe 2742:Gruppe 2723:Gruppe 2651:Évreux 2647:Gruppe 2602:Gruppe 2600:. The 2567:Foggia 2544:Vienna 2525:Vavara 2452:Potaro 2448:Bhutan 2420:Tobruk 2401:Greece 2352:Sicily 2334:; and 2276:Warsaw 2272:Munich 2268:Gruppe 2256:Vyazma 2221:Yelets 2194:Moscow 2135:Donbas 2108:Rostov 2068:Gruppe 1984:Korsun 1874:Lublin 1734:Yeovil 1694:Oxford 1571:Gruppe 1552:Exeter 1516:Gruppe 1465:StG 77 1238:Gruppe 1210:Gruppe 1119:Calais 1037:Hitler 1031:. The 976:Bruges 892:(RAF) 874:Calais 834:, and 808:Gruppe 750:Dombås 746:Gruppe 730:Dombås 689:Nubian 682:, the 678:sloop 660:Norway 650:began 648:Gruppe 603:Warsaw 563:Poland 551:, and 520:Vechta 516:Gruppe 504:Gruppe 489:Gruppe 481:Bremen 473:Gruppe 450:Gruppe 435:Gruppe 433:. I. 425:. 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