134:
outcrops, the same glacial till has been identified as being either a "Kansan" till or "Nebraskan" till. Also, it was found that the Afton Soil (paleosol), which was used define the
Aftonian interglacial, is buried by a younger glacial till that was considered to be a "type Nebraskan" glacial till as well as having developed in an older glacial till that was considered to be a "type Nebraskan" glacial till. As a result, the basic assumptions on which the Yarmouthian (interglacial), Kansan (glacial), Aftonian (interglacial), and Nebraskan (glacial) nomenclature was originally defined was found to be lacking any scientific basis. As a result, this nomenclature was abandoned by Quaternary geologists in North America and merged into the
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125:
the two glacial tills and one ash bed stratigraphic model, on which the
Yarmouthian, Kansan, Nebraskan, and Aftonian glacial - interglacial nomenclature was based, was completely wrong. This research found that at the type locations for the Kansan and Nebraskan tills numerous glacial tills, which were separated by numerous paleosols, existed. In addition,
124:
In time, the stratigraphy of
Pleistocene deposits was found to be far more complex than the two glacial tills and one volcanic ash bed on which the Yarmouthian, Kansan, Nebraskan, and Aftonian glacial - interglacial nomenclature was originally based. Detailed research by Boellstorff demonstrated that
133:
layer was actually three separate volcanic ash layers, i.e. the 602,000 year-old Lava Creek B volcanic ash; the 1,293,000 year-old Mesa Falls volcanic ash, and the 2,003,000 year-old
Huckleberry volcanic ash. In addition, detailed studies of glacial tills in Kansas have found that at different
115:
bed within
Nebraska and Kansas. Of these two proposed glacial tills, the Kansan till, which defined the Kansan Stage, was the upper of the two glacial tills and the Nebraskan till, which defined the Nebraskan Stage, was the lower of the two glacial tills. It was argued that a single
120:
developed in the
Nebraskan till and interglacial deposits separated the Kansan and Nebraskan tills. The paleosol and deposits were used to define the Aftonian (interglacial) stage that separated the Kansan and Nebraskan stages.
457:
373:
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As developed between 1894 and 1909, the Kansan Stage was based on a model that assumed that the
Pleistocene deposits contained only two glacial
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807:
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328:
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Work Group on
Geospatial Analysis of Glaciated Environments (GAGE), INQUA Commission on Glaciation, Emporia State University, Emporia, Kansas.
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Work Group on
Geospatial Analysis of Glaciated Environments (GAGE), INQUA Commission on Glaciation, Emporia State University, Emporia, Kansas.
450:
44:) was a glacial stage and part of an early conceptual climatic and chronological framework composed of four glacial and interglacial stages.
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Boellstorff, J., 1978b, North
American Pleistocene stages reconsidered in the light of probable Pliocene-Pleistocene continental glaciation.
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342:, jpg version 844 KB. Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy, Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England
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to subdivide glacial and nonglacial deposits within north-central United States from youngest to oldest and are as follows:
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Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy, Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England
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in W.C. Mahaney, ed., pp. 73-90. Correlation of Quaternary Chronologies. Norwich, United Kingdom, Geo Books.
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360:, PDF version 19.3 MB. Technical information Series. no. 11. Iowa Geological Survey Bureau, Ames, IA.
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Pre-Wisconsin glacial stratigraphy of the Central Plains region in Iowa, Nebraska, Kansas, and Missouri
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Glacial stratigraphy and paleomagnetism of late Cenozoic deposits of the north-central United States.
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Glacial stratigraphy and paleomagnetism of late Cenozoic deposits of the north-central United States
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378:, PDF version, 1.2 MB. Geological Society of America Bulletin. vol. 116, no. 1-2; pp. 30–41;
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Chronology of some Late Cenozoic deposits from the central United States and the Ice Ages.
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Global chronostratigraphical correlation table for the last 2.7 million years v. 2007b.
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Paleomagnetism and Chronology of Early Pleistocene Tills in the Central United States.
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Illinoian and Pre-Illinoian stratigraphy of southeast Iowa and adjacent Illinois.
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369:, PDF version 4.6 MB. Guidebook no. 3. Iowa Geological Survey Bureau, Ames, IA.
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Yarmouth Revisited: Midwest Friends of the Pleistocene 27th Field Conference.
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372:
Roy, M., P.U. Clark, R.W. Barendregt, J.R., Glasmann, and R.J. Enkin, 2004,
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Roy, M., P.U. Clark, R.W. Barendregt, J.R., Glasmann, and R.J. Enkin, 2004,
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Hallberg, G. R., T. E. Fenton, T. J. Kemmis, and G. A. Miller, 1980,
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Summation of Quaternary glaciations in the United States of America
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Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Science. vol 6, pp. 35–49
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and geochemical analysis demonstrated what was thought to be one
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Gibbard, P.L., S. Boreham, K.M. Cohen and A. Moscariello, 2007,
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321:Pre-Wisconsin Glaciation of Central North America.
280:. Quaternary Science Reviews. vol. 5, pp. 183-196.
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270:
226:, Quaternary Science Reviews. vol. 5, pp. 11-15.
158:John Wiley & Sons, New York. 553 p. New York
348:Pleistocene stratigraphy in east-central Iowa.
184:
182:
180:
904:Withrow Moraine and Jameson Lake Drumlin Field
451:
330:Global correlation tables for the Quaternary.
260:Easterbrook, D.J., and J. Boellstorff, 1984,
8:
898:Two Creeks Buried Forest State Natural Area
312:Glacial Map of North-Central United States.
296:Regional Glaciation of Kansas and Nebraska.
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306:Emporia State University, Emporia, Kansas.
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156:Glacial Geology and the Pleistocene Epoch.
276:Richmond, G.M. and D.S. Fullerton, 1986,
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832:Ice Age Floods National Geologic Trail
796:Chippewa Moraine State Recreation Area
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52:Kansan glaciation was used by early
838:Ice Age National Scientific Reserve
174:Boreas. vol. 20, no. 4,pp. 297-314
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826:Horicon Marsh State Wildlife Area
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771:Origin of the Oak Ridges Moraine
1142:Glaciology of the United States
250:Science. vol. 202, pp. 305–307.
834:, Idaho, Oregon and Washington
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1078:Huelmo–Mascardi Cold Reversal
354:Hallberg, G. R., ed., 1980b,
499:Glacial history of Minnesota
396:Glacial history of Minnesota
345:Hallberg, G.R., ed., 1980a,
862:Kettle Moraine State Forest
765:Lion's Head Provincial Park
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1008:Penultimate Glacial Period
735:Big Rock (glacial erratic)
1111:
1073:Late Glacial Interstadial
852:, Minnesota and Wisconsin
729:Arrowhead Provincial Park
504:List of prehistoric lakes
1028:Holocene glacial retreat
820:Glacial Lakes State Park
759:Foothills Erratics Train
431:Yarmouthian Interglacial
235:Boellstorff, J., 1978a,
1068:Bølling–Allerød warming
808:Devil's Lake State Park
777:Ovayok Territorial Park
466:Continental glaciations
910:Yosemite National Park
814:Glacial Lake Wisconsin
753:Eskers Provincial Park
741:Cypress Hills (Canada)
539:Timeline of glaciation
426:Timeline of glaciation
222:Hallberg, G.R., 1986,
172:Glaciations of Kansas.
1053:Quaternary glaciation
988:Quaternary glaciation
886:Mill Bluff State Park
850:Interstate State Park
664:Giant current ripples
479:Cordilleran ice sheet
1063:Wisconsin glaciation
1018:Last Glacial Maximum
534:Post-glacial rebound
489:Last Glacial Maximum
484:Laurentide ice sheet
411:Last Glacial Maximum
127:fission track dating
1048:Pre-Illinoian Stage
1013:Last Glacial Period
802:Coteau des Prairies
713:Greenland ice sheet
416:Pre-Illinoian Stage
154:Flint, R.F., 1957,
136:Pre-Illinoian Stage
1152:Pleistocene events
1093:4.2 kiloyear event
1088:8.2 kiloyear event
1023:Mousterian Pluvial
755:, British Columbia
302:2008-07-04 at the
293:Aber, J.S., 2006,
197:2018-09-28 at the
170:Aber, J.S., 1991,
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309:anonymous, 1997,
32:Kansan glaciation
18:Kansan Glaciation
16:(Redirected from
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1003:Interstadial
998:Interglacial
981:Time periods
912:, California
906:, Washington
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514:Lake Agassiz
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1038:Older Dryas
900:, Wisconsin
892:Oneida Lake
888:, Wisconsin
864:, Wisconsin
846:, Wisconsin
840:, Wisconsin
828:, Wisconsin
822:, Minnesota
816:, Wisconsin
810:, Wisconsin
798:, Wisconsin
684:Outwash fan
679:Kettle hole
572:Ribbon lake
529:Teays River
86:Yarmouthian
74:Sangamonian
1136:Categories
962:Antarctica
955:Antarctica
941:Monte Rosa
894:, New York
674:Kame delta
633:Till plain
524:Lake Tight
142:References
61:geologists
58:Quaternary
882:, Montana
779:, Nunavut
773:, Ontario
767:, Ontario
761:, Alberta
749:, Ontario
737:, Alberta
731:, Ontario
555:Erosional
548:Landforms
103:(glacial)
101:Nebraskan
82:(glacial)
80:Illinoian
70:(glacial)
68:Wisconsin
1147:Ice ages
1121:Category
946:Svalbard
876:, Nevada
654:Diluvium
390:See also
300:Archived
195:Archived
118:paleosol
111:and one
95:Aftonian
924:Eurasia
613:Moraine
603:Drumlin
472:General
401:Ice age
48:History
870:, Utah
858:, Ohio
789:States
787:United
722:Canada
689:Sandur
659:Esker
562:Fjord
109:tills
38:(see
669:Kame
56:and
30:The
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