1824:
117:
3395:
3034:
1848:
1836:
2605:
2610:
3029:
2218:
1168:
The skull has various features associated with burrowing, being broad and wedge-shaped. The large, forward facing eyes may be related to seeing in low-light environments, with binocular vision providing greater light sensitivity, although this is not typical of modern fossorial mammals which have
1119:
was sexually dimorphic, as two of the seven known specimens appear to have lacked tusks. Notably, one of these specimens is the largest known individual, implying that the lack of tusks was not due to it not being fully grown yet. Sexual dimorphism is known from other cistecephalids, such as the
1553:
Angielczyk, K.D.; Steyer, J.âS.; Sidor, C.A.; Smith, R.M.H.; Whatley, R.L.; Tolan, S. (2014). "Permian and
Triassic dicynodont (Therapsida: Anomodontia) faunas of the Luangwa Basin, Zambia: taxonomic update and implications for dicynodont biogeography and biostratigraphy". In Kammerer, C.F.;
704:
In 2016, a cistecephalid skull (DMMM-PK-16-1) was found encased in a rock nodule during exploration of the
Chiweta Beds in the Mount Waller Area of Northern Malawi. Due its small size and delicate nature, the examination of the specimen was performed using
1128:
lacks those traits the presence or absence of tusks is suggested to be an indicator of sexual dimorphism more broadly in dicynodonts. Unfortunately, the relatively small sample size means this possibility cannot be statistically analysed.
367:, burrowing lifestyle similar to modern day moles. It is unique amongst cistecephalids for the presence of a pair of tusks in the upper jaw, characteristic of many other dicynodonts but lost in other cistecephalids. It is likely that
630:
by
Freeman in 1993. Further examinations and the discovery of an additional four specimens proposed that the Luangwa cistecephalid was an entirely new genus. In 2019, the taxon was formally described in detail and named
723:, by AraĂșjo and colleagues in 2022. The authors named the species in honour of their friend Dr. Yusuf Juwayeyi, an accomplished archaeologist, professor, and international representative of Malawian research. The
390:
broadly resembled other cistecephalids in size and shape. It was a small dicynodont (skull length roughly 5 centimetres (2.0 in) long along the base) and had a highly specialised body plan for digging.
1106:
with paired extensions that reach up from the back of the skull to flank the pineal foramen. There are also various other slight differences of the skull and skeleton between it and other cistecephalids.
1414:
Angielczyk, K.D.; Benoit, J.; Rubidge, B.S. (2019). "A new tusked cistecephalid dicynodont (Therapsida, Anomodontia) from the upper
Permian upper Madumabisa Mudstone Formation, Luangwa Basin, Zambia".
663:
The specimens were collected from various different localities in the
Luangwa Basin, but were all from the upper Madumabisa Mudstone Formation. This formation is believed to overlap in time with the
466:
in this species. These tusks face slightly out to the sides, but do not sit out on a prominent caniniform process projecting from the jaw margin like in some other dicynodonts. Aside from the tusks,
1142:), and another specimen with the inside of the jaw exposed preserves no such replacements either. The size of the specimen is comparable to the others, which would suggest that the tusks of
1136:
are also notable as one specimen preserves unerupted tusks within the jaw bones. There is no evidence that these tusks are replacements of a previous pair (as has been suggested to occur in
656:(NHCC LB18)âhave been found in, as well referring to the proposed digging lifestyle of cistecephalids. The species was named to honour James Kitching, who collected the first specimens of
1663:
Huttenlocker, A. K.; Sidor, C. A. (2016). "The first karenitid (Therapsida, Therocephalia) from the upper
Permian of Gondwana and the biogeography of Permo-Triassic therocephalians".
1365:
and other cistecephalids is a likely factor in its endemism, as its unique ecology would have limited its ability to disperse and so restricted its range to within the
Luangwa Basin.
1161:
shares various features with other cistecephalids associated with a fossorial (burrowing) lifestyle. The ulna, the only known bone from the forelimb, has the typically large
1712:
3687:
513:, despite the only known skull of the former being slightly compressed. Another difference is in the position of the maxillary canal, a channel for the sensitive
1146:
may not have erupted until quite late in the animal's life, close to their mature body size. It's possible that this relatively late eruption of the tusks in
637:
by
Kenneth Angielczyk, Julien Benoit and Bruce Rubidge. The genus name is from the phrase "kemba wacela", translated to "iron digger" in the locally spoken
1357:
AZ in the Karoo, South Africa, suggesting the two regions shared similar biomes and were broadly connected. However, the presence of endemic species like
474:
beak at the tips of its jaws, as is typical of dicynodonts. The beak was relatively broad and blunt, and the tip of the upper jaw was arched upwards.
1150:
was taken even further in other cistecephalids, where their development was suppressed and prevented entirely from erupting in the tuskless species.
3692:
3641:
1785:
1511:
Kammerer, C.F.; Bandyopadhyay, S.; Ray, S. (2016). "A new taxon of cistecephalid dicynodont from the upper
Permian Kundaram Formation of India".
739:. The skull is mostly complete, missing only the tip of the snout, its left zygomatic arch and postorbital bar behind the eye, and parts of the
3712:
3697:
697:. The specimens are housed at both the Evolutionary Studies Institute in South Africa and at the National Heritage Conservation Commission in
1880:
1567:
1098:
is primarily distinguished from other cistecephalids by its tusks, but can also be uniquely diagnosed by a trough on the underside of the
1620:
1466:
1616:"A new eutherocephalian (Therapsida, Therocephalia) from the upper Permian Madumabisa Mudstone Formation (Luangwa Basin) of Zambia"
1361:
are indicative of fine scale variations between the two localities, such as environmental differences. The fossorial lifestyle of
605:
601:
671:
664:
1814:
1211:
coexisted with a wide variety and abundance of other dicynodonts in the upper
Madumabisa Mudstone Formation, including
448:("third eye") is positioned very far back on the roof of the skull, overhanging the very back of the skull (similar to
422:
with a very short, tapered snout. It had large, strongly forward facing eyes like some other cistecephalids (including
1196:
are large, associated with hearing low-frequency sounds underground, although its inner-ear is not as specialised as
116:
1747:
Sidor, C. (2015). "The first biarmosuchian from the upper Madumabisa Mudstone Formation (Luangwa Basin) of Zambia".
592:
in the Luangwa Basin of Zambia. They reported discovering at least 13 specimens that they preliminarily assigned to
485:, they can be distinguished by details of the individual bones and anatomy of the skull, including the shape of the
3707:
3702:
3160:
505:
it is hidden on the internal side. Further, the anterior process of the jugal beneath the eye is notably taller in
338:
1873:
1320:
3394:
1797:
1416:
444:
project out almost laterally behind the eyes and curve back almost 90 degrees to the back of the skull. The
3033:
2609:
3609:
1587:(Therapsida, Anomodontia) from the Lopingian upper Madumabisa Mudstone Formation, Luangwa Basin, Zambia".
1368:
The environment of the upper Madumabisa Mudstone Formation was a wet, vegetated floodplain within a wide
568:
with well developed forward and backward pointing processes, and a large, robust ulna in the arm. Unlike
3654:
1314:
1255:
763:
706:
3545:
3524:
3209:
2604:
1866:
1721:
1672:
1629:
1475:
286:
237:
3538:
3454:
3682:
3531:
3475:
2884:
1828:
1559:
624:
376:
3517:
3503:
352:
3461:
3064:
3051:
3028:
2996:
1962:
1688:
1645:
1528:
1493:
1462:
n. sp., a new cistecephalid species (Dicynodontia: Emydopoidea) from the Upper Permian of Malawi"
1433:
1231:
1103:
463:
111:
3659:
1189:. However, they were too incompletely preserved to estimate the light sensitivity of the eyes.
3440:
3223:
2809:
2358:
1766:
1563:
1162:
736:
732:
419:
1615:
3237:
3216:
3181:
2818:
2784:
2716:
2709:
2529:
2217:
2173:
2057:
1756:
1729:
1680:
1637:
1596:
1520:
1483:
1425:
1373:
1267:
1261:
1008:
755:
514:
494:
430:
407:
and various vertebrae. Although broadly similar in superficial appearance, the two species
3336:
3327:
3272:
3248:
3151:
3110:
3092:
3085:
2954:
2836:
2825:
2520:
2495:
2308:
1243:
1186:
1185:
surrounding the eye, and they are remarkably smaller than is suggested by the size of the
905:
561:
522:
498:
395:
is known from skulls, lower jaws and various pieces of postcrania, including parts of the
216:
458:
is most obviously distinguished by the prominent tusks in its upper jaw. The majority of
1725:
1676:
1633:
1479:
3343:
3140:
2937:
2905:
2775:
2743:
2654:
2349:
2283:
2262:
2084:
1182:
638:
616:, although a possible fifth specimen originally noted by Kitching has since been lost.
589:
530:
445:
441:
3676:
3552:
3281:
2984:
2970:
2863:
2856:
2675:
2543:
2536:
2509:
2383:
2066:
1852:
1840:
1692:
1497:
1488:
1457:
1437:
1334:
1329:
1298:
1273:
991:
919:
773:
690:
686:
649:
585:
534:
436:
424:
310:
70:
39:
35:
1649:
1532:
3578:
3496:
3433:
3423:
3371:
3364:
3316:
3202:
3195:
3188:
3174:
3167:
3078:
2977:
2926:
2798:
2557:
2468:
2269:
2248:
2235:
2185:
2166:
2132:
1342:
1294:
967:
724:
694:
682:
613:
609:
565:
450:
329:
317:
245:
203:
30:
1684:
1353:
Much of the fauna of the Madumabisa Mudstone Formation is shared with that of the
3632:
1641:
3584:
3482:
3468:
3447:
3357:
3302:
3295:
3230:
3126:
2877:
2849:
2764:
2750:
2661:
2486:
2459:
2412:
2392:
2365:
2331:
2297:
2276:
2100:
2073:
2045:
2024:
2011:
1974:
1889:
1456:
AraĂșjo, R.; Macungo, Z.; Fernandez, V.; Chindebvu, E. G.; Jacobs, L. L. (2022).
1369:
1347:
1302:
1225:
1213:
787:
710:
678:
645:
321:
187:
45:
3559:
3489:
3350:
3119:
3099:
2919:
2640:
2627:
2572:
2432:
2420:
2145:
2121:
2038:
1931:
1338:
486:
313:
174:
90:
55:
1770:
3570:
3309:
3288:
3261:
2962:
2946:
2912:
2898:
2870:
2791:
2734:
2502:
2475:
2441:
2405:
2372:
2317:
2290:
1947:
1922:
1285:
1219:
1138:
892:
868:
818:
364:
161:
128:
95:
1733:
1614:
Huttenlocker, Adam K.; Sidor, Christian A.; Angielczyk, Kenneth D. (2015).
3646:
3626:
3133:
2891:
2723:
2700:
2682:
2668:
2338:
2324:
2093:
1913:
1325:
1249:
642:
148:
85:
80:
65:
60:
50:
2448:
2159:
2152:
2114:
2107:
1761:
1600:
1308:
1237:
835:
740:
541:
having a much narrower ~46° angle between them compared to the ~61° of
471:
372:
325:
303:
100:
75:
1524:
1429:
3510:
2757:
1907:
1181:
is the only known cistecephalid known to preserve pieces of the bony
698:
627:
418:
Its skull is typical for cistecephalids, with a broad head and large
396:
356:
342:
138:
3603:
600:. Four of these specimens were identified in the collections of the
537:
in front) on the roof of the mouth also differs between them, with
501:
rimming the eye socket is exposed on the back of the bar, while in
2689:
1583:
Kenneth D. Angielczyk (2019). "First occurrence of the dicynodont
1279:
1193:
1099:
713:. This skull was formally described and named as a new species of
525:, whereas the canal sits just anteriorly in front of the sinus in
400:
306:
619:
The specimens were later suggested to belong to a new species of
404:
3607:
3410:
3049:
2625:
2233:
2009:
1900:
1862:
1165:
associated with scratch-digging found in other cistecephalids.
572:, however, the head of the femur is roughly triangular shaped.
1858:
462:
specimens have these tusks, and it is possible that they were
758:
Cistecephalidae in the phylogenetic analysis of Angielczyk
415:
can be distinguished by details of the skull architecture.
1297:. Other therapsids included the locally endemic predatory
648:
various specimens from the Luangwa Basinâincluding the
1710:: functional anatomy of the skull and relationships".
1812:
584:
were first discovered and collected in the 1960s by
275:
252:
3616:
3569:
3421:
3326:
3271:
3247:
3150:
3109:
3062:
2995:
2936:
2835:
2808:
2774:
2733:
2699:
2638:
2571:
2519:
2485:
2458:
2431:
2391:
2382:
2348:
2307:
2246:
2184:
2131:
2083:
2056:
2022:
1973:
1946:
1784:Lee, M. S. Y.; Gow, C. E.; Kitching, J. W. (1997).
428:), but unlike the smaller, sideways facing eyes of
1713:Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B
552:is poorly known, but the preserved skeleton of
1376:, ponds and lakes prone to episodic flooding.
359:described in 2022. Like other cistecephalids,
1874:
1786:"Anatomy and relationships of the pareiasaur
529:. The angle between the anterior rami of the
8:
1706:Kemp, T. S. (1979). "The primitive cynodont
1451:
1449:
1447:
556:resembles that of other cistecephalids like
1556:Early evolutionary history of the Synapsida
762:(2019), where it was found as a relatively
3604:
3418:
3407:
3253:
3070:
3059:
3046:
2841:
2646:
2635:
2622:
2397:
2388:
2254:
2243:
2230:
2137:
2030:
2019:
2006:
1952:
1943:
1897:
1881:
1867:
1859:
1409:
493:, the ascending process that joins to the
20:
1760:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1487:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1389:
470:was otherwise toothless, and possessed a
345:described in 2019, and a second species,
1819:
1554:Angielczyk, K.D.; Fröbisch, J. (eds.).
1385:
521:it emerges and runs laterally from the
517:and its blood vessels in the snout. In
262:Angielczyk, Benoit & Rubidge, 2019
3688:Wuchiapingian genus first appearances
754:is well supported as a member of the
7:
983:
959:
935:
911:
884:
860:
810:
803:
779:
769:
727:combines the surname Juwayeyi with
1665:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
1621:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
1337:. Reptiles are represented by the
1120:prominent ridges over the eyes in
533:(sheets of bone connecting to the
236:Angielczyk, Benoit & Rubidge,
14:
1790:from the Upper Permian of Zambia"
1467:Journal of African Earth Sciences
1312:, as well as the more widespread
641:. It was named for the iron-rich
3393:
3032:
3027:
2608:
2603:
2216:
1846:
1834:
1822:
1489:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2022.104726
375:species of cistecephalid in the
115:
3693:Changhsingian genus extinctions
685:, which have been dated to the
606:University of the Witwatersrand
324:. The genus contains two known
1324:, along with the semi-aquatic
709:to image the bones inside the
602:Evolutionary Studies Institute
1:
3713:Fossil taxa described in 2019
3698:Lopingian synapsids of Africa
1685:10.1080/02724634.2016.1111897
339:Madumabisa Mudstone Formation
1642:10.1080/02724634.2015.969400
16:Extinct genus of dicynodonts
1192:The footplates of the bony
3729:
3417:
3406:
3391:
3256:
3073:
3058:
3045:
3025:
2844:
2649:
2634:
2621:
2601:
2400:
2257:
2242:
2229:
2214:
2140:
2033:
2018:
2005:
1955:
1942:
1896:
1321:Ictidosuchoides longiceps
1005:
988:
981:
964:
957:
940:
933:
916:
909:
889:
882:
865:
858:
832:
815:
808:
801:
784:
777:
594:Cistecephalus microrhinus
272:
267:
251:
244:
112:Scientific classification
110:
23:
1788:Pareiasuchus nasicornis
1749:Palaeontologia Africana
1589:Palaeontologia Africana
1513:Papers in Palaeontology
1417:Papers in Palaeontology
1372:with plentiful sinuous
1247:, a species similar to
596:and the now synonymous
1734:10.1098/rstb.1979.0001
1562:. pp. 93â138 In.
1460:Kembawacela yajuwayeyi
363:was specialised for a
302:("iron digger") is an
3655:Paleobiology Database
1333:and an indeterminate
1315:Theriognathus microps
1256:Odontocyclops whaitsi
766:member of the clade:
707:x-ray microtomography
634:Kembawacela kitchingi
334:Kembawacela kitchingi
257:Kembawacela kitchingi
3210:Shaanbeikannemeyeria
1115:It is possible that
576:History of discovery
3571:Paraphyletic groups
1726:1979RSPTB.285...73K
1677:2016JVPal..36E1897H
1634:2015JVPal..35E9400H
1560:Springer, Dordrecht
1480:2022JAfES.19604726A
3065:Kannemeyeriiformes
3052:Kannemeyeriiformes
2997:Kannemeyeriiformes
1474:: Article 104726.
1232:Diictodon feliceps
1177:). Interestingly,
1169:small eyes (as in
1104:interparietal bone
623:in an unpublished
464:sexually dimorphic
3708:Fossils of Malawi
3703:Fossils of Zambia
3670:
3669:
3610:Taxon identifiers
3601:
3600:
3597:
3596:
3593:
3592:
3402:
3401:
3389:
3388:
3385:
3384:
3381:
3380:
3224:Uralokannemeyeria
3041:
3040:
3023:
3022:
3019:
3018:
3015:
3014:
2810:Rhachiocephalidae
2617:
2616:
2599:
2598:
2595:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2567:
2566:
2225:
2224:
2212:
2211:
2208:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2001:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1569:978-94-007-6841-3
1525:10.1002/spp2.1055
1430:10.1002/spp2.1285
1374:meandering rivers
1293:and a species of
1163:olecranon process
1092:
1091:
1083:
1082:
1074:
1073:
1065:
1064:
1056:
1055:
1047:
1046:
1038:
1037:
1029:
1028:
1020:
1019:
847:
846:
737:Chichewa language
733:possessive prefix
489:of the cheek. In
440:. Similarly, the
420:temporal fenestra
295:
294:
289:
240:
3720:
3663:
3662:
3650:
3649:
3637:
3636:
3635:
3605:
3419:
3408:
3397:
3254:
3238:Xiyukannemeyeria
3217:Sinokannemeyeria
3182:Parakannemeyeria
3071:
3060:
3047:
3036:
3031:
2842:
2819:Kitchinganomodon
2785:Australobarbarus
2717:Interpresosaurus
2647:
2636:
2623:
2612:
2607:
2530:Cistecephaloides
2398:
2389:
2255:
2244:
2231:
2220:
2174:Anomocephaloidea
2138:
2058:Anomocephaloidea
2031:
2020:
2007:
1953:
1944:
1937:
1936:
1898:
1883:
1876:
1869:
1860:
1851:
1850:
1849:
1839:
1838:
1837:
1827:
1826:
1825:
1818:
1807:
1806:
1794:
1781:
1775:
1774:
1764:
1744:
1738:
1737:
1720:(1005): 73â122.
1703:
1697:
1696:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1580:
1574:
1573:
1550:
1537:
1536:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1491:
1453:
1442:
1441:
1411:
1346:, a herbivorous
1268:Kitchinganomodon
1262:Oudenodon bainii
1229:, the burrowing
1171:Cistecephaloides
1009:Cistecephaloides
984:
960:
936:
912:
885:
861:
811:
804:
780:
770:
562:sacral vertebrae
515:trigeminal nerve
495:postorbital bone
442:zygomatic arches
431:Cistecephaloides
281:
277:
254:
235:
228:
215:
202:
186:
120:
119:
105:
42:
29:Temporal range:
21:
3728:
3727:
3723:
3722:
3721:
3719:
3718:
3717:
3673:
3672:
3671:
3666:
3658:
3653:
3645:
3640:
3631:
3630:
3625:
3612:
3602:
3589:
3565:
3546:Platypodosaurus
3525:Opisthoctenodon
3413:
3398:
3377:
3337:Eubrachiosaurus
3328:Stahleckeriinae
3322:
3267:
3249:Stahleckeriidae
3243:
3152:Kannemeyeriidae
3146:
3111:Shansiodontidae
3105:
3093:Elephantosaurus
3086:Dinodontosaurus
3067:
3054:
3037:
3011:
2991:
2955:Euptychognathus
2932:
2837:Dicynodontoidea
2831:
2826:Rhachiocephalus
2804:
2770:
2729:
2695:
2643:
2630:
2613:
2587:
2563:
2521:Cistecephalidae
2515:
2496:Dicynodontoides
2481:
2454:
2427:
2378:
2344:
2309:Pylaecephalidae
2303:
2251:
2238:
2221:
2200:
2180:
2127:
2079:
2052:
2027:
2014:
1989:
1969:
1938:
1903:
1902:
1892:
1887:
1857:
1847:
1845:
1835:
1833:
1823:
1821:
1813:
1811:
1810:
1792:
1783:
1782:
1778:
1746:
1745:
1741:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1671:(4): e1111897.
1662:
1661:
1657:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1570:
1552:
1551:
1540:
1510:
1509:
1505:
1455:
1454:
1445:
1413:
1412:
1387:
1382:
1299:therocephalians
1244:Dicynodontoides
1206:
1156:
1124:, and although
1113:
1093:
1084:
1075:
1066:
1057:
1048:
1039:
1030:
1021:
906:Cistecephalidae
848:
749:
668:Assemblage Zone
578:
560:. It had three
531:pterygoid bones
523:maxillary sinus
499:postorbital bar
385:
263:
260:
234:
226:
217:Cistecephalidae
213:
200:
184:
114:
106:
104:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
34:
33:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3726:
3724:
3716:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3675:
3674:
3668:
3667:
3665:
3664:
3651:
3638:
3622:
3620:
3614:
3613:
3608:
3599:
3598:
3595:
3594:
3591:
3590:
3588:
3587:
3582:
3575:
3573:
3567:
3566:
3564:
3563:
3556:
3549:
3542:
3539:Planitorostris
3535:
3528:
3521:
3514:
3507:
3500:
3493:
3486:
3479:
3472:
3465:
3458:
3455:Chelyoposaurus
3451:
3444:
3437:
3429:
3427:
3415:
3414:
3412:Other articles
3411:
3404:
3403:
3400:
3399:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3386:
3383:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3375:
3368:
3361:
3354:
3347:
3344:Ischigualastia
3340:
3332:
3330:
3324:
3323:
3321:
3320:
3313:
3306:
3299:
3292:
3285:
3277:
3275:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3265:
3257:
3251:
3245:
3244:
3242:
3241:
3234:
3227:
3220:
3213:
3206:
3199:
3192:
3185:
3178:
3171:
3164:
3156:
3154:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3144:
3141:Rhinodicynodon
3137:
3130:
3123:
3115:
3113:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3103:
3096:
3089:
3082:
3074:
3068:
3063:
3056:
3055:
3050:
3043:
3042:
3039:
3038:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3017:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3010:
3009:
3008:
3007:
3001:
2999:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2989:
2981:
2974:
2967:
2959:
2951:
2942:
2940:
2938:Lystrosauridae
2934:
2933:
2931:
2930:
2923:
2916:
2909:
2906:Repelinosaurus
2902:
2895:
2888:
2881:
2874:
2867:
2860:
2853:
2845:
2839:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2829:
2822:
2814:
2812:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2802:
2795:
2788:
2780:
2778:
2776:Oudenodontidae
2772:
2771:
2769:
2768:
2761:
2754:
2747:
2744:Aulacephalodon
2739:
2737:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2727:
2720:
2713:
2705:
2703:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2693:
2686:
2679:
2672:
2665:
2658:
2655:Daqingshanodon
2650:
2644:
2639:
2632:
2631:
2626:
2619:
2618:
2615:
2614:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2596:
2593:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2586:
2585:
2584:
2583:
2577:
2575:
2569:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2561:
2554:
2547:
2540:
2533:
2525:
2523:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2513:
2506:
2499:
2491:
2489:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2479:
2472:
2464:
2462:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2452:
2445:
2437:
2435:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2425:
2417:
2409:
2401:
2395:
2386:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2376:
2369:
2362:
2354:
2352:
2350:Endothiodontia
2346:
2345:
2343:
2342:
2335:
2328:
2321:
2313:
2311:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2301:
2294:
2287:
2284:Lanthanostegus
2280:
2273:
2266:
2263:Brachyprosopus
2258:
2252:
2247:
2240:
2239:
2234:
2227:
2226:
2223:
2222:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2206:
2205:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2198:
2197:
2196:
2190:
2188:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2178:
2170:
2163:
2156:
2149:
2141:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2125:
2118:
2111:
2104:
2097:
2089:
2087:
2085:Venyukovioidea
2081:
2080:
2078:
2077:
2070:
2062:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2042:
2034:
2028:
2023:
2016:
2015:
2010:
2003:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1987:
1986:
1985:
1979:
1977:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1956:
1950:
1940:
1939:
1935:
1934:
1925:
1916:
1910:
1901:
1894:
1893:
1888:
1886:
1885:
1878:
1871:
1863:
1856:
1855:
1843:
1831:
1809:
1808:
1776:
1739:
1698:
1655:
1628:(5): e969400.
1606:
1575:
1568:
1538:
1519:(4): 569â584.
1503:
1443:
1384:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1205:
1202:
1183:sclerotic ring
1155:
1152:
1112:
1109:
1090:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1081:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1072:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1045:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1036:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1027:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1018:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1004:
1001:
1000:
997:
996:
987:
982:
980:
977:
976:
973:
972:
963:
958:
956:
953:
952:
949:
948:
939:
934:
932:
929:
928:
925:
924:
915:
910:
908:
902:
901:
898:
897:
888:
883:
881:
878:
877:
874:
873:
864:
859:
857:
854:
853:
850:
849:
845:
844:
841:
840:
831:
828:
827:
824:
823:
814:
809:
807:
802:
800:
797:
796:
793:
792:
783:
778:
776:
768:
748:
747:Classification
745:
639:Bemba language
590:James Kitching
577:
574:
535:palatine bones
446:pineal foramen
384:
381:
371:was a locally
293:
292:
291:
290:
270:
269:
268:Other species
265:
264:
261:
249:
248:
242:
241:
224:
220:
219:
211:
207:
206:
198:
191:
190:
182:
178:
177:
172:
165:
164:
159:
152:
151:
146:
142:
141:
136:
132:
131:
126:
122:
121:
108:
107:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
43:
28:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3725:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3680:
3678:
3661:
3656:
3652:
3648:
3643:
3639:
3634:
3628:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3619:
3615:
3611:
3606:
3586:
3583:
3580:
3577:
3576:
3574:
3572:
3568:
3562:
3561:
3557:
3555:
3554:
3553:Putillosaurus
3550:
3548:
3547:
3543:
3541:
3540:
3536:
3534:
3533:
3532:Parvobestiola
3529:
3527:
3526:
3522:
3520:
3519:
3515:
3513:
3512:
3508:
3506:
3505:
3501:
3499:
3498:
3494:
3492:
3491:
3487:
3485:
3484:
3480:
3478:
3477:
3476:Dicranozygoma
3473:
3471:
3470:
3466:
3464:
3463:
3459:
3457:
3456:
3452:
3450:
3449:
3445:
3443:
3442:
3438:
3436:
3435:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3426:
3425:
3420:
3416:
3409:
3405:
3396:
3374:
3373:
3369:
3367:
3366:
3362:
3360:
3359:
3355:
3353:
3352:
3348:
3346:
3345:
3341:
3339:
3338:
3334:
3333:
3331:
3329:
3325:
3319:
3318:
3314:
3312:
3311:
3307:
3305:
3304:
3300:
3298:
3297:
3293:
3291:
3290:
3286:
3284:
3283:
3282:Argodicynodon
3279:
3278:
3276:
3274:
3270:
3264:
3263:
3259:
3258:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3246:
3240:
3239:
3235:
3233:
3232:
3228:
3226:
3225:
3221:
3219:
3218:
3214:
3212:
3211:
3207:
3205:
3204:
3200:
3198:
3197:
3193:
3191:
3190:
3186:
3184:
3183:
3179:
3177:
3176:
3172:
3170:
3169:
3165:
3163:
3162:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3153:
3149:
3143:
3142:
3138:
3136:
3135:
3131:
3129:
3128:
3124:
3122:
3121:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3112:
3108:
3102:
3101:
3097:
3095:
3094:
3090:
3088:
3087:
3083:
3081:
3080:
3076:
3075:
3072:
3069:
3066:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3048:
3044:
3035:
3030:
3005:
3004:
3003:
3002:
3000:
2998:
2994:
2987:
2986:
2985:Sintocephalus
2982:
2980:
2979:
2975:
2973:
2972:
2971:Kwazulusaurus
2968:
2965:
2964:
2960:
2957:
2956:
2952:
2949:
2948:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2939:
2935:
2929:
2928:
2924:
2922:
2921:
2917:
2915:
2914:
2910:
2908:
2907:
2903:
2901:
2900:
2896:
2894:
2893:
2889:
2887:
2886:
2882:
2880:
2879:
2875:
2873:
2872:
2868:
2866:
2865:
2864:Delectosaurus
2861:
2859:
2858:
2857:Daptocephalus
2854:
2852:
2851:
2847:
2846:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2834:
2828:
2827:
2823:
2821:
2820:
2816:
2815:
2813:
2811:
2807:
2801:
2800:
2796:
2794:
2793:
2789:
2787:
2786:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2777:
2773:
2767:
2766:
2762:
2760:
2759:
2755:
2753:
2752:
2748:
2746:
2745:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2732:
2726:
2725:
2721:
2719:
2718:
2714:
2712:
2711:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2698:
2692:
2691:
2687:
2685:
2684:
2680:
2678:
2677:
2676:Odontocyclops
2673:
2671:
2670:
2666:
2664:
2663:
2659:
2657:
2656:
2652:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2624:
2620:
2611:
2606:
2581:
2580:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2574:
2570:
2560:
2559:
2555:
2553:
2552:
2548:
2546:
2545:
2544:Kawingasaurus
2541:
2539:
2538:
2537:Cistecephalus
2534:
2532:
2531:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2518:
2512:
2511:
2510:Thliptosaurus
2507:
2505:
2504:
2500:
2498:
2497:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2488:
2484:
2478:
2477:
2473:
2471:
2470:
2466:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2457:
2451:
2450:
2446:
2444:
2443:
2439:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2430:
2423:
2422:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2410:
2408:
2407:
2403:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2384:Therochelonia
2381:
2375:
2374:
2370:
2368:
2367:
2363:
2361:
2360:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2347:
2341:
2340:
2336:
2334:
2333:
2329:
2327:
2326:
2322:
2320:
2319:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2310:
2306:
2300:
2299:
2295:
2293:
2292:
2288:
2286:
2285:
2281:
2279:
2278:
2274:
2272:
2271:
2267:
2265:
2264:
2260:
2259:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2232:
2228:
2219:
2194:
2193:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2183:
2176:
2175:
2171:
2169:
2168:
2164:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2155:
2154:
2150:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2130:
2124:
2123:
2119:
2117:
2116:
2112:
2110:
2109:
2105:
2103:
2102:
2098:
2096:
2095:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2082:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2069:
2068:
2067:Anomocephalus
2064:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2055:
2048:
2047:
2043:
2041:
2040:
2036:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2008:
2004:
1983:
1982:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1964:
1960:
1959:
1958:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1933:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1911:
1909:
1905:
1904:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1884:
1879:
1877:
1872:
1870:
1865:
1864:
1861:
1854:
1844:
1842:
1832:
1830:
1820:
1816:
1805:(2): 307â335.
1804:
1800:
1799:
1798:Palaeontology
1791:
1789:
1780:
1777:
1772:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1743:
1740:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1714:
1709:
1708:Procynosuchus
1702:
1699:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1659:
1656:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1622:
1617:
1610:
1607:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1579:
1576:
1571:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1539:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1507:
1504:
1499:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1468:
1463:
1461:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1444:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1418:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1386:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1371:
1366:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1355:Cistecephalus
1351:
1349:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1335:biarmosuchian
1332:
1331:
1330:Procynosuchus
1327:
1323:
1322:
1317:
1316:
1311:
1310:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1287:
1282:
1281:
1276:
1275:
1274:Daptocephalus
1270:
1269:
1264:
1263:
1258:
1257:
1252:
1251:
1246:
1245:
1240:
1239:
1234:
1233:
1228:
1227:
1222:
1221:
1216:
1215:
1210:
1204:Palaeoecology
1203:
1201:
1199:
1198:Kawingasaurus
1195:
1190:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1175:Kawingasaurus
1172:
1166:
1164:
1160:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1140:
1135:
1132:The tusks of
1130:
1127:
1123:
1122:Cistecephalus
1118:
1111:Palaeobiology
1110:
1108:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1088:
1087:
1079:
1078:
1070:
1069:
1061:
1060:
1052:
1051:
1043:
1042:
1034:
1033:
1025:
1024:
1016:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1010:
1003:
1002:
999:
998:
995:
994:
993:
992:Kawingasaurus
986:
985:
979:
978:
975:
974:
971:
970:
969:
962:
961:
955:
954:
951:
950:
947:
946:
945:
938:
937:
931:
930:
927:
926:
923:
922:
921:
920:Cistecephalus
914:
913:
907:
904:
903:
900:
899:
896:
895:
894:
887:
886:
880:
879:
876:
875:
872:
871:
870:
863:
862:
856:
855:
852:
851:
843:
842:
839:
838:
837:
830:
829:
826:
825:
822:
821:
820:
813:
812:
806:
805:
799:
798:
795:
794:
791:
790:
789:
782:
781:
775:
774:Kistecephalia
772:
771:
767:
765:
761:
757:
753:
746:
744:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
721:
720:K. yajuwayeyi
716:
712:
708:
702:
700:
696:
692:
691:Changhsingian
688:
687:Wuchiapingian
684:
680:
676:
674:
673:Daptocephalus
669:
667:
666:Cistecephalus
661:
659:
655:
651:
650:type specimen
647:
644:
640:
636:
635:
629:
626:
622:
617:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
586:Alan Drysdall
583:
580:Specimens of
575:
573:
571:
570:Cistecephalus
567:
563:
559:
558:Cistecephalus
555:
551:
546:
544:
540:
539:K. yajuwayeyi
536:
532:
528:
527:K. yajuwayeyi
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
507:K. yajuwayeyi
504:
503:K. yajuwayeyi
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
483:K. yajuwayeyi
480:
475:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
452:
447:
443:
439:
438:
437:Kawingasaurus
433:
432:
427:
426:
425:Cistecephalus
421:
416:
414:
413:K. yajuwayeyi
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
389:
382:
380:
378:
377:Luangwa Basin
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
349:
348:K. yajuwayeyi
344:
340:
336:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
312:
311:cistecephalid
308:
305:
301:
300:
288:
285:
280:
279:K. yajuwayeyi
274:
273:
271:
266:
259:
258:
250:
247:
243:
239:
233:
232:
225:
222:
221:
218:
212:
209:
208:
205:
199:
196:
193:
192:
189:
183:
180:
179:
176:
173:
170:
167:
166:
163:
160:
157:
154:
153:
150:
147:
144:
143:
140:
137:
134:
133:
130:
127:
124:
123:
118:
113:
109:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
41:
40:Changhsingian
37:
36:Wuchiapingian
32:
26:
22:
19:
3617:
3579:Cryptodontia
3558:
3551:
3544:
3537:
3530:
3523:
3518:Nasoplanites
3516:
3509:
3504:Keirognathus
3502:
3497:Haughtoniana
3495:
3488:
3481:
3474:
3467:
3460:
3453:
3446:
3439:
3434:Azarifeneria
3432:
3424:Nomina dubia
3422:
3372:Ufudocyclops
3370:
3365:Stahleckeria
3363:
3356:
3349:
3342:
3335:
3317:Zambiasaurus
3315:
3308:
3301:
3294:
3287:
3280:
3260:
3236:
3229:
3222:
3215:
3208:
3203:Rhadiodromus
3201:
3196:Rechnisaurus
3194:
3189:Rabidosaurus
3187:
3180:
3175:Kannemeyeria
3173:
3168:Dolichuranus
3166:
3161:Acratophorus
3159:
3139:
3132:
3125:
3118:
3098:
3091:
3084:
3079:Angonisaurus
3077:
2983:
2978:Lystrosaurus
2976:
2969:
2961:
2953:
2945:
2927:Vivaxosaurus
2925:
2918:
2911:
2904:
2897:
2890:
2883:
2876:
2869:
2862:
2855:
2848:
2824:
2817:
2799:Tropidostoma
2797:
2790:
2783:
2763:
2756:
2749:
2742:
2722:
2715:
2708:
2688:
2681:
2674:
2667:
2660:
2653:
2558:Sauroscaptor
2556:
2550:
2549:
2542:
2535:
2528:
2508:
2501:
2494:
2474:
2469:Myosauroides
2467:
2447:
2440:
2419:
2411:
2404:
2371:
2364:
2357:
2337:
2330:
2323:
2316:
2296:
2289:
2282:
2275:
2270:Colobodectes
2268:
2261:
2249:Dicynodontia
2236:Dicynodontia
2186:Dicynodontia
2172:
2167:Patranomodon
2165:
2158:
2151:
2144:
2133:Chainosauria
2120:
2113:
2106:
2099:
2092:
2072:
2065:
2044:
2037:
1927:
1918:
1829:Paleontology
1802:
1796:
1787:
1779:
1752:
1748:
1742:
1717:
1711:
1707:
1701:
1668:
1664:
1658:
1625:
1619:
1609:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1578:
1555:
1516:
1512:
1506:
1471:
1465:
1459:
1421:
1415:
1367:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1352:
1343:Pareiasuchus
1341:
1328:
1319:
1313:
1307:
1301:
1295:lystrosaurid
1290:
1284:
1278:
1272:
1266:
1260:
1254:
1248:
1242:
1236:
1230:
1224:
1218:
1212:
1208:
1207:
1197:
1191:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1167:
1158:
1157:
1147:
1143:
1137:
1133:
1131:
1125:
1121:
1116:
1114:
1095:
1094:
1007:
1006:
990:
989:
968:Sauroscaptor
966:
965:
943:
942:
941:
918:
917:
891:
890:
867:
866:
834:
833:
817:
816:
786:
785:
759:
751:
750:
728:
725:species name
719:
718:
714:
703:
695:Late Permian
683:South Africa
672:
665:
662:
657:
653:
633:
632:
621:Cistcephalus
620:
618:
614:South Africa
610:Johannesburg
598:C. planiceps
597:
593:
581:
579:
569:
557:
554:K. kitchingi
553:
549:
548:The body of
547:
543:K. kitchingi
542:
538:
526:
519:K. kitchingi
518:
511:K. kitchingi
510:
506:
502:
497:to form the
491:K. kitchingi
490:
482:
479:K. kitchingi
478:
476:
467:
459:
455:
451:Sauroscaptor
449:
435:
429:
423:
417:
412:
409:K. kitchingi
408:
392:
387:
386:
368:
360:
353:Chiweta Beds
347:
346:
333:
332:
330:type species
318:Late Permian
298:
297:
296:
283:
278:
256:
255:
246:Type species
230:
229:
204:Dicynodontia
194:
168:
155:
31:Late Permian
24:
18:
3618:Kembawacela
3585:Dromasauria
3483:Elatosaurus
3469:Diaelurodon
3462:Cristonasus
3448:Calleonasus
3358:Sangusaurus
3303:Pentasaurus
3296:Moghreberia
3273:Placeriinae
3231:Wadiasaurus
3127:Tetragonias
2878:Dinanomodon
2850:Counillonia
2765:Pelanomodon
2751:Bulbasaurus
2662:Idelesaurus
2551:Kembawacela
2487:Kingoriidae
2460:Myosauridae
2413:Emydorhinus
2393:Emydopoidea
2366:Endothiodon
2332:Prosictodon
2298:Pristerodon
2277:Eodicynodon
2101:Parasuminia
2074:Tiarajudens
2046:Novocynodon
2025:Anomodontia
2012:Anomodontia
1975:Anomodontia
1890:Anomodontia
1762:10539/17373
1601:10539/26832
1595:: 219â225.
1424:: 405â446.
1370:rift valley
1363:Kembawacela
1359:Kembawacela
1348:parareptile
1303:Ichibengops
1226:Pristerodon
1214:Endothiodon
1209:Kembawacela
1179:Kembawacela
1159:Kembawacela
1148:Kembawacela
1144:Kembawacela
1134:Kembawacela
1126:Kembawacela
1117:Kembawacela
1096:Kembawacela
944:Kembawacela
788:Kingoriidae
752:Kembawacela
715:Kembawacela
711:rock matrix
679:Karoo Basin
658:Kembawacela
654:Kembawacela
625:BSc honours
582:Kembawacela
550:Kembawacela
468:Kembawacela
460:Kembawacela
456:Kembawacela
393:Kembawacela
388:Kembawacela
383:Description
379:of Zambia.
369:Kembawacela
361:Kembawacela
351:, from the
322:East Africa
299:Kembawacela
231:Kembawacela
188:Anomodontia
25:Kembawacela
3683:Emydopoids
3677:Categories
3560:Taognathus
3490:Eurycarpus
3351:Jachaleria
3120:Shansiodon
3100:Woznikella
3006:see belowâ
2920:Turfanodon
2641:Bidentalia
2628:Bidentalia
2582:see belowâ
2573:Bidentalia
2433:Emydopidae
2421:Palemydops
2195:see belowâ
2146:Galechirus
2122:Venyukovia
2039:Biseridens
1984:see belowâ
1932:Therapsida
1380:References
1339:pareiasaur
701:, Zambia.
487:jugal bone
472:keratinous
314:dicynodont
181:Suborder:
175:Therapsida
3647:159712724
3633:Q71708346
3310:Placerias
3289:Lisowicia
3262:Sungeodon
2963:Jimusaria
2947:Basilodon
2913:Taoheodon
2899:Peramodon
2871:Dicynodon
2792:Oudenodon
2735:Geikiidae
2503:Kombuisia
2476:Myosaurus
2442:Compsodon
2406:Digalodon
2373:Niassodon
2318:Diictodon
2291:Nyaphulia
1963:Synapsida
1948:Synapsida
1923:Synapsida
1906:Kingdom:
1771:2410-4418
1693:130994874
1585:Digalodon
1498:252393501
1438:210304700
1286:Digalodon
1220:Compsodon
1154:Burrowing
1139:Diictodon
893:Myosaurus
869:Digalodon
819:Compsodon
689:to early
670:(AZ) and
365:fossorial
337:from the
316:from the
162:Synapsida
135:Kingdom:
129:Eukaryota
3627:Wikidata
3441:Baiopsis
3134:Vinceria
2892:Kunpania
2885:Gordonia
2724:Katumbia
2701:Elphidae
2683:Rastodon
2669:Keyseria
2359:Abajudon
2339:Robertia
2325:Eosimops
2094:Otsheria
1914:Chordata
1912:Phylum:
1908:Animalia
1650:83554630
1533:88833541
1326:cynodont
1291:rubidgei
1250:Katumbia
643:hematite
509:than in
477:Between
210:Family:
149:Chordata
145:Phylum:
139:Animalia
125:Domain:
2449:Emydops
2160:Galepus
2153:Galeops
2115:Ulemica
2108:Suminia
1815:Portals
1755:: 1â7.
1722:Bibcode
1673:Bibcode
1630:Bibcode
1476:Bibcode
1309:Mupashi
1238:Emydops
1102:and an
836:Emydops
741:occiput
735:in the
693:in the
677:of the
646:nodules
604:at the
564:and an
373:endemic
326:species
304:extinct
282:AraĂșjo
223:Genus:
3660:398004
3511:Koupia
2758:Geikia
1853:Malawi
1841:Zambia
1769:
1691:
1648:
1566:
1531:
1496:
1436:
1194:stapes
1187:orbits
760:et al.
756:family
731:, the
699:Lusaka
628:thesis
397:pelvis
357:Malawi
343:Zambia
328:, the
284:et al.
2690:Syops
1928:Clade
1919:Clade
1793:(PDF)
1689:S2CID
1646:S2CID
1529:S2CID
1494:S2CID
1434:S2CID
1280:Syops
1100:vomer
764:basal
566:ilium
401:femur
307:genus
195:Clade
169:Clade
156:Clade
3642:GBIF
2710:Elph
1961:see
1767:ISSN
1564:ISBN
1318:and
1306:and
1289:cf.
1173:and
588:and
481:and
434:and
411:and
405:ulna
287:2022
238:2019
46:Preê
1757:hdl
1730:doi
1718:285
1681:doi
1638:doi
1597:hdl
1521:doi
1484:doi
1472:196
1426:doi
729:Ya-
681:in
652:of
608:in
454:).
355:of
341:of
320:of
309:of
3679::
3657::
3644::
3629::
1930::
1921::
1803:40
1801:.
1795:.
1765:.
1753:49
1751:.
1728:.
1716:.
1687:.
1679:.
1669:36
1667:.
1644:.
1636:.
1626:35
1624:.
1618:.
1593:53
1591:.
1558:.
1541:^
1527:.
1515:.
1492:.
1482:.
1470:.
1464:.
1446:^
1432:.
1420:.
1388:^
1350:.
1283:,
1277:,
1271:,
1265:,
1259:,
1253:,
1241:,
1235:,
1223:,
1217:,
1200:.
743:.
717:,
675:AZ
660:.
612:,
545:.
403:,
399:,
197::
171::
158::
96:Pg
3581:?
2988:?
2966:?
2958:?
2950:?
2424:?
2416:?
2177:?
2049:?
1882:e
1875:t
1868:v
1817::
1773:.
1759::
1736:.
1732::
1724::
1695:.
1683::
1675::
1652:.
1640::
1632::
1603:.
1599::
1572:.
1535:.
1523::
1517:2
1500:.
1486::
1478::
1458:"
1440:.
1428::
1422:7
276:â
253:â
227:â
214:â
201:â
185:â
101:N
91:K
86:J
81:T
76:P
71:C
66:D
61:S
56:O
51:ê
38:â
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
