232:, Chomsky hypothesizes the following: universal grammar (UG) is the essential set of linguistic universals that every human child is born with. The UG contains a number of fixed "principles" that are true for all languages. Also embedded in the UG are flexible "parameters" that have to be fixed by experience. As the human child gains linguistic experience, its brain uses the limited linguistic evidence (see
211:
model came to be known as the "Standard Theory". During the early 1970s, some of the rules in the
Standard Theory got refined and led to the "Extended Standard Theory", where different syntactic levels contained information relevant to the meaning. Further revisions and technical innovations such as
29:
207:(1965), the TGG model went through a revision, which included the inclusion of a lexical component, the separation of deep from surface structures, and the introduction of some technical innovations such as syntactic features and recursive phrase structure rules. This
212:
introduction of "empty categories", "X-bar theory", "D- and S-structures", and conditions on representations such as "Case filter", etc. led to the "Revised
Extended Standard Theory", in which the grammatical model was greatly simplified.
172:. But this kind of adequacy does not provide a sufficiently adequate model of linguistic competence. If the grammar can systematically and accurately describe the adult speaker's linguistic competence, it is called
168:(i.e. provide an explicit structural description for) all the grammatical (i.e. syntactically well-formed) sentences of a language and successfully detect all the ungrammatical sentences, it is called
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152:, the unconscious mental knowledge that makes him a native speaker of some language. This innate, unobservable knowledge of language is called the speaker's linguistic
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176:. If a grammar can describe the acquisition of this linguistic competence in a human child from its initial state to the final state, then it is said to have
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180:. In Government and Binding theory, Chomsky is interested in the initial state of linguistic competence in a child, which is called a human's
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236:) at its disposal to fix the parameters of UG and give rise to, in a non-inductive manner, the core grammar of the child's first language.
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of syntax. It had great influence on the syntactic research in early 1980s, especially among the linguists working within the
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184:. Since every normal human child is capable of acquiring any language, this endowment is also called by the name of
156:, whereas his outward linguistic behavior which provides the linguist with observable data is called his linguistic
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201:(TGG), a formal approach to linguistic theorizing, and revolutionized the discipline of linguistics. In
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From its inception in the 1950s, the
Chomskyan brand of linguistics has been concerned with a person's
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and the investigation of its characteristics assume central importance.
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contains the next step in
Chomskyan linguistic thought where
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model of linguistic competence. When such a grammar can
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Lectures on
Government and Binding: The Pisa Lectures
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Lectures on
Government and Binding: The Pisa Lectures
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809:Chomsky's Universal Grammar: An Introduction
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197:(1957), Chomsky established the concept of
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124:conference and workshop held at the
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385:Current Issues in Linguistic Theory
199:transformational generative grammar
845:The Cambridge Companion to Chomsky
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182:biological endowment for language
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204:Aspects of the Theory of Syntax
669:Requiem for the American Dream
553:Counter-Revolutionary Violence
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444:Conditions on Transformations
134:government and binding theory
60:Studies in Generative Grammar
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116:) is a book by the linguist
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16:1981 book by Noam Chomsky
969:Valeria Wasserman (wife)
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170:observationally adequate
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609:Letters from Lexington
493:The Minimalist Program
174:descriptively adequate
1016:Books by Noam Chomsky
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483:Knowledge of Language
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150:knowledge of language
649:Hegemony or Survival
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543:For Reasons of State
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194:Syntactic Structures
178:explanatory adequacy
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710:Imperial Ambitions
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359:bibliography
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917:(2003) (TV)
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366:Linguistics
158:performance
140:framework.
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977:(daughter)
775:Ilan Pappé
240:References
154:competence
144:Background
78:Publisher
956:(father)
789:Academic
526:" (1967)
515:Politics
446:" (1973)
437:" (1970)
166:generate
162:adequate
49:Language
986:Related
800:Chomsky
209:Aspects
65:Subject
52:English
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357:Select
72:syntax
57:Series
39:Author
96:Pages
130:Pisa
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91:1981
230:LGB
228:In
128:in
113:LGB
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