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List of Hispanic American caudillos

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36: 64:"head". Caudillo means "little head" or "little chief") is part of the larger Iberian tradition of authoritarian leaders, with roots in the Iberian past, particularly in the Reconquista. A number of military leaders who were part of the Spanish American struggle for independence took on political roles in during the establishment of new sovereign nation-states. The establishment of military strong men as the head of new national governments did not generally come via elections, but many did have strong popular support. Caudillos often have a personalist connection with their popular followers, combining charisma and 68:("manliness"), access to political and economic power. They often desire to legitimize their rule. Many caudillos brought order to their areas of control, but also resorted to violence with their armed supporters to achieve it. The early nineteenth century has been considered the "Age of Caudillos," but 1686: 1670: 1901:
Vera Blinn Reber. "José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia" in Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture, vol. 2, pp. 607-108. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons 1996.
2126: 1962:
Roger Atwood, 'Democratic Dictators: Authoritarian Politics in Peru from Leguia to Fujimori,' SAIS Review, vol. 21, no. 2 (2001), p. 167.doi:10.1353/sais.2001.0030
35: 905: 1376:. Selections on Hidalgo, Quiroga, Moreno, Díaz, Trujillo, Perón, Castro, Pinochet, and Stroessner. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press 1992. 570: 2060: 1030: 2111: 2106: 2070: 968: 479: 2004: 1667: 191: 1701:
By Franklin D. Parker, The Hispanic American Historical Review, Vol. 32, No. 4 (Nov., 1952), pp. 516-539 Duke University Press
533: 372: 2116: 1057: 830: 819: 766: 409: 1258:
Hale, Charles A. "The Reconstruction of Nineteenth-Century Politics in Spanish America: A Case for the History of Ideas."
575: 357: 315: 136: 96: 953: 447: 1119: 943: 538: 176: 1800:
Tyler, R. Curtis. Santiago Vidaurri and the Southern Confederacy. The Americas Vol. 26, No. 1, (July 1969), pp. 66–76.
1042: 1025: 649: 420: 1710: 1480: 2046: 1149: 1008: 814: 513: 362: 161: 2091: 1013: 1003: 921: 664: 634: 612: 367: 283: 1855: 825: 340: 804: 1129: 1052: 998: 840: 751: 682: 580: 523: 216: 799: 1879:
Koster, R.M.; Sánchez, Guillermo (1990). In the Time of the Tyrants: Panama, 1968–1990. W W Norton & Co.
1169: 1144: 916: 617: 415: 404: 273: 2121: 1379: 1072: 983: 735: 602: 457: 305: 1164: 1104: 91: 2101: 746: 382: 1139: 1124: 850: 688: 565: 507: 325: 1826: 867: 1159: 978: 756: 719: 659: 592: 469: 258: 238: 201: 196: 186: 171: 101: 872: 704: 693: 560: 550: 502: 474: 320: 226: 156: 126: 17: 926: 877: 387: 146: 1134: 963: 938: 518: 452: 278: 166: 116: 2096: 2066: 1114: 948: 771: 730: 699: 654: 644: 437: 432: 392: 300: 295: 268: 141: 862: 1092: 1087: 1067: 1047: 958: 714: 709: 330: 263: 253: 1432:
Luhnow, David; José De Cordoba; Nicholas Casey (11 July 2009). "The Cult of the caudillo".
1674: 1484: 1174: 1109: 1077: 1062: 973: 782: 555: 489: 1689:
mexicodiplomatico.org. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. Retrieved March 25, 2010.
993: 677: 310: 248: 211: 1288:
The Caciques: Oligarchical Politics and the System of Caciquismo in the Luso-Latin World
794: 1890:
Military Government and Popular Participation in Panama: The Torrijos Regime, 1968-1975
1809: 1367:
Martin Güemes: Tyrant or Tool? A Study of the Sources of Power of an Argentine Caudillo
883: 845: 761: 725: 639: 597: 352: 335: 111: 1210:
Alexander, Robert J. "Caudillos, Coroneis, and Political Bosses in Latin America." In
2085: 1426:
Dictatorship and Development: The Methods of Control in Trujillo's Dominican Republic
1348: 988: 911: 900: 888: 835: 809: 740: 484: 377: 181: 131: 106: 69: 121: 1628:
Howard J. Wiarda and Michael J. Kryzanek, "Trujillo and the Caudillo Tradition" in
1082: 776: 442: 221: 151: 41: 1763:
Popular Politics and Rebellion in Mexico: Manuel Lozada and La Reforma, 1855-1876
1400:. Chapters on Rosas, Páez, Santa Anna, and Carrera. Oxford: Clarendon Press 1992. 607: 1192: 1154: 622: 528: 243: 2032: 2005:"19th Century Caudillos - Latin American Studies - Oxford Bibliographies - obo" 1233:
The Public Man: An Interpretation of Latin America and other Catholic Countries
206: 2018: 1925:
Francisco Solano López and the Ruination of Paraguay: Honor and Egocentrism
1856:"La espada del general José de Fábrega: una vida al servicio de su pueblo" 1475: 1187: 65: 30: 1643:
Rafael Carrera and the Emergence of the Republic of Guatemala, 1821-1871
1455:
Rafael Carrera and the Emergence of the Republic of Guatemala, 1821-1871
1419:
Democracy in Latin America: Political Change in Comparative Perspective
1949:
James D. Cockcroft, "Paraguay's Stroessner: The Ultimate Caudillo" in
1698: 1574:
Domingo F. Sarmiento, "Facundo Quiroga: The Caudillo as Barbarian" in
1859: 1602:
Genaro Arriagada Herrera, "Pinochet's Route to Power" in Hamill, ed.
1279:
Johnson, John J. "Foreign Factors in Dictatorship in Latin America".
1295:
The Constitution of Tyranny: Regimes of Exception in Spanish America
1656:
Guatemalan Caudillo: The Regime of Jorge Ubico, Guatemala 1931-1944
1556:
Fernando N.A. Cuevillas, "A Case for Caudillaje and Juan Perón" in
1445:
Shapiro, Samuel (4 December 1961). "Doing Good in Latin America".
34: 1617:
Rafael Núñez and the Politics of Colombian Regionalism, 1863-1886
1412:
Rafael Núñez and the Politics of Colombian Regionalism, 1863-1886
1314:
Smith, Peter H. "Political Legitimacy in Spanish America" in
1776:
The Last Caudillo: Alvaro Obregón and the Mexican Revolution
1530:
Roger M. Haigh, "The Creation and Control of a Caudillo" in
56:(Spanish pronunciation: ; Old Spanish: cabdillo, from Latin 1217:
Beezley, William H. "Caudillismo: An Interpretative Note."
1988:, vol. 5, p. 429. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons 1996. 1677:
El Heraldo, September 11, 2008. Retrieved March 25, 2010.
1975:, vol. 5, p. 15. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons 1996. 1927:. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers 1912:
The Rise and Fall of the Paraguayan Republic, 1800-1870
72:
regimes existed in the twentieth century as well, with
1309:
The Caudillo: a Study in Latin-American Dictatorships
1239:
Diaz, Rodolfo (2010). "Caudillos and Constitutions".
1739:, J.B. Lippincott & Company, Philadelphia, 1932. 1591:
Argentine Dictator: Juan Manuel de Rosas, 1829-1852
1391:
Argentine Dictator: Juan Manuel de Rosas, 1829-1852
1290:. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press 1973. 1276:, 216-28. New York: Columbia University Press 1969. 1986:Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture 1973:Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture 1971:Walker, Charles F. "Felipe Santiago Salaverry" in 1497:Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture 1297:. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press 1993. 1235:. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press 1977. 1360:Caudillism and Militarism in Venezuela, 1810-1910 1724:Plutarco Elias Calles and the Mexican Revolution 1253:Latin American Politics: A Theoretical Framework 1984:Quiroz, Alfonso W. "Manuel Ignacio Vivanco" in 1214:, ed. Thomas V. DiBacco. New York: Prager 1977. 39:Carlos de Montúfar, considered one of the main 1841:Alain Rouquié, "Dynasty: Nicaraguan Style" in 1765:. Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press 2015. 1353:Caudillo and Peasant in the Mexican Revolution 1791:. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press 2007. 1752:. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press 1972. 1449:. Vol. 145, no. 23. pp. 11–14. 1355:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1980. 1272:Humphreys, R.A. "The Caudillo Tradition." in 1228:. Princeton: Princeton University Press 1979. 1212:Presidential Power in Latin American Politics 8: 2033:"Caudillismo | Latin American politics" 1318:, Richard Graham and Peter Smith, eds. 1974. 1269:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press 1992. 1816:. Stanford: Stanford University Press 1998. 1699:Jose Cecilio Del Valle: Scholar and Patriot 1327:Comparative Studies in Society and History 1311:. Monmouth, IL: Commercial Art Press 1959. 45:of Ecuador, and also considered the first 1726:(Denver: Rowman & Littlefield, 2006). 1495:Hugh M. Hamill, "Caudillismo, Caudillo". 1421:. New York: Oxford University Press 2005. 1255:. Austin: University of Texas Press 1989. 1226:The New Authoritarianism in Latin America 1316:New Approaches to Latin American History 2127:Titles of national or ethnic leadership 2065:. Oxford University Press. 1992-04-02. 1996: 1778:. Chichester, England: Wiley-Blackwell. 1519:Caudillos in Spanish America, 1800-1850 1508:Hamill, "Caudillismo, Caudillo", p. 38. 1467: 1398:Caudillos in Spanish America, 1800-1850 1374:Caudillos: Dictators in Spanish America 1304:. Oxford: Oxford University Press 1992. 1302:Caudillos in Spanish America, 1800-1850 1267:Caudillos: Dictators in Spanish America 2062:Caudillos in Spanish America 1800–1850 1668:Político e intelectual centroamericano 1658:.Athens OH: Ohio University Press 1979 1521:. Oxford: Clarendon Press 1992, p.437. 1321:Wolf, Eric R. and Edward C. Hanson, " 1274:Tradition and Revolt in Latin America 7: 1713:By Gary Chandler, Liza Prado. p. 100 1434:Wall Street Journal- Eastern Edition 2019:"Caudillo | military dictator" 1384:Hispanic American Historical Review 1204:Definitions, Theories, and Contexts 18:List of Hispanic American Caudillos 1953:, Ed. Hugh M. Hamill, pp. 335–348. 1814:The Life and Times of Pancho Villa 1560:, Ed. Hugh M. Hamill, pp. 285-291. 1325:Politics: A Structural Analysis." 25: 1830:Zapata and the Mexican Revolution 1737:Porfirio Díaz, Dictator of Mexico 1219:Journal of Inter-American Studies 906:José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia 1923:James Schofield Saeger (2007). 1382:. "Bolívar and the Caudillos". 1711:Honduras & The Bay Islands 1260:Latin American Research Review 969:Antonio Gutiérrez de la Fuente 571:Maximiliano Hernández Martínez 1: 1750:Huerta: A Political Portrait 1307:Pleasants, Edwin Hemingway, 1241:Harvard International Review 880:, "Liberator of the Isthmus" 779:, "The Centaur of the North" 1774:* Buchenau, Jürgen (2011). 1581:, ed. Hamill, pp. 107–114. 820:Bernardo Méndez de Figueroa 767:Antonio López de Santa Anna 412:, "Founder of the Republic" 2143: 1845:, Hamill, ed. pp. 257–269. 1832:. (New York: Vintage 1968) 1534:, Hamill, ed. pp. 145–154. 1477:Imágenes del Otro Ecuador. 800:Manuel Antonio de la Cerda 576:Santiago González Portillo 358:Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera 97:Gregorio Aráoz de Lamadrid 28: 1938:Paraguay Under Stroessner 1632:, Hamill, ed. pp. 246–256 1281:Pacific Historical Review 1014:Manuel Ignacio de Vivanco 1004:Felipe Santiago Salaverry 954:Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro 534:José María Velasco Ibarra 448:Carlos Manuel de Céspedes 2112:History of South America 2107:History of North America 1043:Gregorio Conrado Álvarez 1026:Francisco Ramírez Medina 805:Anastasio Somoza Debayle 410:José María Castro Madriz 1335:Regions and Individuals 1262:8 (Summer 1973), 53-73. 1221:11 (July 1969): 345–52. 1009:Juan Crisóstomo Torrico 815:Anastasio Somoza García 416:Juan Rafael Mora Porras 316:Carlos Ibáñez del Campo 137:Martín Miguel de Güemes 76:casting a long shadow. 1858:. 2011. Archived from 1386:63 No. 1 (1983), 3-35. 1160:Carlos Rangel Garbiras 1120:Juan Crisóstomo Falcón 1073:Juan Antonio Lavalleja 984:Lizardo Montero Flores 944:Andrés Avelino Cáceres 922:Francisco Solano López 665:José Cecilio del Valle 635:Tiburcio Carías Andino 613:Miguel García Granados 603:Manuel Estrada Cabrera 539:José Joaquín de Olmedo 510:, "The First Caudillo" 368:Alfonso López Pumarejo 284:José Miguel de Velasco 177:Ángel Vicente Peñaloza 49: 2117:History-related lists 1888:* Priestley, George. 1687:DIPLOMATICO DESTACADO 1453:Woodward, Ralph Lee. 1410:Park, James William. 1372:Hamill, Hugh M., ed. 1251:DiTella, Torcuato S. 1231:Dealy, Glenn Cudill. 1130:Antonio Guzmán Blanco 1058:José Batlle y Ordóñez 1053:José Gervasio Artigas 841:Augusto César Sandino 831:José Anacleto Ordóñez 747:Francisco Xavier Mina 743:, "El Tigre de Alica" 683:Plutarco Elías Calles 650:José Trinidad Cabañas 581:Tomás Regalado Romero 524:Gabriel García Moreno 480:José Núñez de Cáceres 421:Gregorio José Ramírez 383:Gustavo Rojas Pinilla 217:Justo José de Urquiza 38: 1910:John Hoyt Williams, 1789:Santa Anna of Mexico 1641:Ralph Lee Woodward, 1615:James William Park. 1341:Balfour, Sebastian. 1329:9 (1966–67): 168-79. 1224:Collier, David, ed. 1150:Marcos Pérez Jiménez 917:Carlos Antonio López 868:José Domingo Espinar 593:Justo Rufino Barrios 514:Juan Pío de Montúfar 405:José Figueres Ferrer 363:Jorge Eliécer Gaitán 274:Andrés de Santa Cruz 259:Manuel Isidoro Belzu 202:Juan Manuel de Rosas 197:Julio Argentino Roca 187:Juan Facundo Quiroga 162:Ricardo López Jordán 1358:Gilmore, Robert L. 826:José Trinidad Muñoz 736:Agustín de Iturbide 705:Adolfo de la Huerta 694:Venustiano Carranza 341:José Joaquín Prieto 321:Manuel Montt Torres 306:José Miguel Carrera 227:Juan de Dios Videla 1761:Zachary Brittsan. 1748:Meyer, Michael C. 1722:Buchenau, Jurgen. 1673:2009-05-25 at the 1654:Kenneth J. Grieb, 1545:Perón: A Biography 1483:2009-04-30 at the 1405:Perón: A Biography 1286:Kern, Robert, ed. 1265:Hamill, Hugh, ed. 1170:José Antonio Yáñez 1140:José Tadeo Monagas 1125:Juan Vicente Gómez 999:Nicolás de Piérola 927:Alfredo Stroessner 863:Juan Eligio Alzuru 851:José Santos Zelaya 752:José María Morelos 685:, "El Jefe Máximo" 566:Francisco Malespín 508:Carlos de Montúfar 492:, "The Benefactor" 464:Dominican Republic 388:Rafael Uribe Uribe 326:Bernardo O'Higgins 147:Juan Felipe Ibarra 50: 1145:José Antonio Páez 979:Augusto B. Leguía 772:Santiago Vidaurri 731:Victoriano Huerta 722:, "Héroe Altense" 700:Saturnino Cedillo 660:Francisco Morazán 655:Francisco Ferrera 645:Policarpo Bonilla 618:Efraín Ríos Montt 519:Pedro de Montúfar 470:Buenaventura Báez 438:Fulgencio Batista 433:Ignacio Agramonte 301:Vicente Benavides 296:Arturo Alessandri 269:Mariano Melgarejo 192:Francisco Ramírez 142:Alejandro Heredia 102:Nazario Benavídez 80:List of caudillos 16:(Redirected from 2134: 2092:Authoritarianism 2077: 2076: 2057: 2051: 2050: 2043: 2037: 2036: 2029: 2023: 2022: 2021:. 22 March 2024. 2015: 2009: 2008: 2001: 1989: 1982: 1976: 1969: 1963: 1960: 1954: 1947: 1941: 1934: 1928: 1921: 1915: 1908: 1902: 1899: 1893: 1886: 1880: 1877: 1871: 1870: 1868: 1867: 1852: 1846: 1839: 1833: 1827:John Womack, Jr. 1823: 1817: 1807: 1801: 1798: 1792: 1785: 1779: 1772: 1766: 1759: 1753: 1746: 1740: 1735:Carleton Beals. 1733: 1727: 1720: 1714: 1708: 1702: 1696: 1690: 1684: 1678: 1665: 1659: 1652: 1646: 1639: 1633: 1626: 1620: 1613: 1607: 1600: 1594: 1587: 1575: 1570: 1561: 1554: 1548: 1543:Joseph A. Page. 1541: 1535: 1528: 1522: 1515: 1509: 1506: 1500: 1499:, vol. 2, p. 38. 1493: 1487: 1474:El Otro Ecuador 1472: 1450: 1441: 1424:Wiarda, Howard. 1417:Smith, Peter H. 1403:Page, Joseph A. 1365:Haigh, Roger M. 1293:Loveman, Brian. 1248: 1165:José Félix Ribas 1105:José Tomás Boves 1093:Aparicio Saravia 1088:Fructuoso Rivera 1048:Timoteo Aparicio 959:Alberto Fujimori 873:Tomás de Herrera 715:Vicente Guerrero 561:Francisco Dueñas 551:Manuel José Arce 503:Juan José Flores 475:Joaquín Balaguer 393:Marceliano Vélez 331:Augusto Pinochet 254:Antonio Huachaca 212:Antonino Taboada 157:Estanislao López 127:Andrés Guazurary 92:José Félix Aldao 60:, diminutive of 21: 2142: 2141: 2137: 2136: 2135: 2133: 2132: 2131: 2082: 2081: 2080: 2073: 2059: 2058: 2054: 2045: 2044: 2040: 2031: 2030: 2026: 2017: 2016: 2012: 2003: 2002: 1998: 1992: 1983: 1979: 1970: 1966: 1961: 1957: 1948: 1944: 1936:Paul H. Lewis, 1935: 1931: 1922: 1918: 1909: 1905: 1900: 1896: 1887: 1883: 1878: 1874: 1865: 1863: 1854: 1853: 1849: 1840: 1836: 1824: 1820: 1808: 1804: 1799: 1795: 1786: 1782: 1773: 1769: 1760: 1756: 1747: 1743: 1734: 1730: 1721: 1717: 1709: 1705: 1697: 1693: 1685: 1681: 1675:Wayback Machine 1666: 1662: 1653: 1649: 1640: 1636: 1627: 1623: 1614: 1610: 1601: 1597: 1588: 1584: 1573: 1564: 1555: 1551: 1542: 1538: 1529: 1525: 1516: 1512: 1507: 1503: 1494: 1490: 1485:Wayback Machine 1473: 1469: 1465: 1460: 1444: 1431: 1337: 1332: 1238: 1206: 1201: 1199:Further reading 1184: 1179: 1175:Ezequiel Zamora 1135:Santiago Mariño 1110:Cipriano Castro 1101: 1078:Lorenzo Latorre 1063:Venancio Flores 1039: 1022: 974:Miguel Iglesias 964:Agustín Gamarra 939:Óscar Benavides 935: 897: 878:José de Fábrega 859: 791: 783:Emiliano Zapata 696:, "Primer Jefe" 689:Lázaro Cárdenas 674: 631: 589: 556:Gerardo Barrios 547: 499: 490:Rafael Trujillo 466: 429: 401: 353:Sergio Arboleda 349: 292: 235: 167:Bartolomé Mitre 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(1980) 1892:. (1986) 1671:Archived 1619:. (1985) 1481:Archived 1414:. (1985) 1323:Caudillo 1188:Caudillo 1182:See also 895:Paraguay 629:Honduras 347:Colombia 207:Juan Saá 66:machismo 54:caudillo 31:Caudillo 1645:. 1993. 1593:. 1981. 1547:. 1983. 1457:. 1993. 1428:. 1968. 1407:. 1983. 1393:. 1981. 1369:. 1968. 1362:. 1994. 1037:Uruguay 497:Ecuador 233:Bolivia 2069:  1914:(1979) 1351:, ed. 1345:(1990) 1343:Castro 857:Panama 672:Mexico 290:Chile 62:caput 2067:ISBN 933:Peru 427:Cuba 1438:254 2088:: 1812:, 1436:. 1245:32 1243:. 52:A 2075:. 2049:. 2035:. 2007:. 1869:. 1825:* 1565:' 20:)

Index

List of Hispanic American Caudillos
Caudillo

Libertadores
machismo
authoritarian
José Félix Aldao
Gregorio Aráoz de Lamadrid
Nazario Benavídez
Pedro Castelli
Manuel Dorrego
Pascual Echagüe
Pedro Ferré
Andrés Guazurary
Santos Guayama
Martín Miguel de Güemes
Alejandro Heredia
Juan Felipe Ibarra
Juan Lavalle
Estanislao López
Ricardo López Jordán
Bartolomé Mitre
José María Paz
Ángel Vicente Peñaloza
Juan Perón
Juan Facundo Quiroga
Francisco Ramírez
Julio Argentino Roca
Juan Manuel de Rosas
Juan Saá

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