1822:, one of the L&BR engineers, who wrote in his 'History of the Railway connecting London and Birmingham' (1839), page 48: "It is not because locomotives cannot draw a train of carriages up this incline that a fixed engine and endless rope are used, for they can and have done so, but because the Company are restricted, by their Act of Parliament, from running locomotive engines nearer London than Camden Town." The railway opened from Euston on 20 July 1837; the stationary engines and rope haulage did not commence until 27 September, and handled all trains from 14 October 1837. Until then, and whenever the rope system was stopped for repairs, locomotives hauled the trains up the incline. From November 1843 some expresses were worked without recourse to the rope, and from 15 July 1844 the rope working ceased permanently.
2206:
2289:
1113:
2242:
2273:
1803:
2306:
1298:
1202:
2254:
2029:
1602:
1496:
1397:
2326:
1731:
40:
2148:
2227:
1968:
2338:
1831:
941:
844:
302:
917:
501:
280:
1694:
749:
494:
436:
349:
273:
866:
465:
407:
378:
185:
793:
687:
665:
541:
251:
207:
837:
815:
771:
709:
643:
603:
581:
472:
443:
414:
385:
356:
309:
229:
1722:) for twenty years. The railway involved 20,000 men for five years. In passing, he also noted that the cost of the railway in penny pieces, was enough to more than form a belt of pennies around the equator; and the amount of material moved would be enough to build a wall 1 foot (305 mm) high by one foot wide, more than three times around the equator.
2193:
and the original Euston station in London was demolished in 1962 to make way for the present structure which opened in 1968. On the closure of Curzon Street as a passenger station, the site became the London and North
Western Railway goods depot (Birmingham) and became fully operational in 1865. The
1126:
The construction of the line was the subject of much opposition by landowners, who organised a campaign in the early 1830s to prevent the L&BR from driving a line across their estates. Turbulent public meetings were held in towns in west
Hertfordshire to protest against the project, including one
1107:
First, the opening of new and distant sources of supply of provisions to the metropolis; Second, Easy, cheap and expeditious travelling; Third; The rapid and economical interchange of the great articles of consumption and of commerce, both internal and external; and Lastly, the connexion by railways,
1883:, roughly halfway between the two termini at London and Birmingham. These workshops remained in use for locomotive repairs until 1877, but had been gradually taken over by the Carriage Dept from 1864, and remained as a manufacturing facility up until the 1980s; today just a few parts of the original
1871:
Working the line by contract never worked in practice, because of the unforeseen ever-increasing traffic and the demand for higher speeds, so in July 1839 the contract was annulled, and thereafter Bury was engaged as manager of the
Locomotive Department in the normal way, on a fixed salary with a
1705:
Peter
Lecount, an assistant engineer of the London and Birmingham railway, produced a number of – possibly hyperbolic – comparisons in an effort to demonstrate that the London and Birmingham Railway was "the greatest public work ever executed either in ancient or modern times". In particular, he
1867:
Bury provided specifications and drawings for a passenger and a goods engine, and by mid-1841 the L&BR was equipped with sixty 2-2-0 passenger engines and thirty 0-4-0 goods engines. They all had inside cylinders and dome-topped fireboxes, and were mounted on inside bar-frames; they were
1713:
The railway, excluding a long string of tasks (drainage, ballasting, and so on) involved the lifting of 25,000,000,000 cu ft (710,000,000 m) of material reduced to the weight of stone used in the pyramid. The pyramid involved, he says, the effort of 300,000 men (according to
1849:
was chosen and awarded the contract in May 1836. The contract stipulated that the company would provide locomotives to Bury's specification, while he would maintain them in good repair and convey each passenger and each ton of goods for a fixed sum at a speed not to exceed
1770:
shuttle service linking the two parts to allow through journeys to London. The line was officially fully opened on 17 September 1838, with the first passenger train from London to
Birmingham arriving that day. The first London-to-Birmingham trains took
1758:) opened on 20 July 1837. Services were extended to Tring on 16 October 1837. On 9 April 1838 the company opened the north end of the line, between Birmingham and Rugby, and the south end from London to a temporary station at
1959:. Roade was later redesignated as first-class due to its stagecoach connections. From about 1844 platforms were opened at Camden for tickets to be collected on southbound trains. This became a public station in 1851.
2205:
1875:
By the end of the L&BR's separate existence in July 1846, the total stock was about 120 locomotives; some six-wheeled engines had been acquired, but some of these proved inferior to the original four-wheelers.
1108:
of London with
Liverpool, the rich pastures of the centre of England, and the greatest manufacturing districts; and, through the port of Liverpool, to afford a most expeditious communication with Ireland.
2337:
2325:
2253:
1028:
193:
1123:
The company was created with an initial capitalisation of £5,500,000. Much of the subscribed funds came from
Lancashire, where great profits were being made in the cotton industries.
139:
2288:
2241:
2884:
2365:
2194:
Curzon Street goods site continued railway operations as a parcel depot until 1966. The remaining parts of the old passenger station received listed building status in 1952.
2189:, has survived in its original form. Curzon Street station in Birmingham closed to passenger traffic in 1854 (the original entrance building remains) when it was replaced by
1810:
It has often been claimed that initially, owing to the lack of power available to early locomotives, trains from Euston were cable-hauled up the relatively steep incline to
2305:
1175:
to "the forcing of the proposed railway through the land and property of so great a proportion of dissentient landowners." The L&BR company's first application for an
2226:
2182:
as it is known today. The major change to the line during this period was electrification, which was carried out during the mid-1960s as part of BR's
Modernisation Plan.
1998:
made a junction to its line at Rugby, the L&BR also provided through connections from London to the East
Midlands and the North East. It also made connections to the
2869:
2538:
2272:
2904:
2864:
1895:
When the railway was fully opened, it had sixteen intermediate stations between London and
Birmingham. The "first-class" stations (served by all trains) were at
2813:
2889:
132:
2879:
1556:
1457:
1358:
1252:
1140:
2894:
1896:
2899:
1315:
An Act to enable the London and Birmingham Railway Company to extend and alter the Line of such Railway, and for other Purposes relating thereto.
2859:
2051:
1624:
1518:
1419:
1320:
1214:
1152:
801:
125:
2874:
2190:
1999:
1112:
2343:
2081:
1988:
1802:
1091:
chief engineer, and after preparing a detailed survey, he chose the route through Watford Gap, largely to avoid possible flooding from the
1056:
As early as 1823, a company was formed with the objective of building a railway between London and Birmingham, and in 1826, the engineer
2171:
1991:, a branch of almost nine miles (14 km) between Coventry and Leamington, was purchased by the L&BR in 1843 and opened in 1844.
1952:
779:
259:
2732:
2706:
2687:
2582:
2494:
2163:
2217:
1087:. Neither company obtained backing for its scheme, and in late 1830 the two companies decided to merge. The new company appointed
2830:
2167:
2093:
2033:
1956:
1904:
1606:
1500:
1401:
1302:
1206:
994:
589:
215:
70:
2416:
2135:
thus creating a more direct line from London to Liverpool and Manchester by avoiding the original route through Birmingham. The
1983:, seven miles (11 km) of single track, which opened in 1839 and was leased to the L&BR until purchased outright by the
2097:
1678:
695:
2542:
1653:
The railway route proposals through Hertfordshire were modified; a second parliamentary bill was approved in May 1833 as the
1057:
1928:
2805:
2511:
874:
852:
717:
1163:
was also in attendance, intent on preventing the new railway from cutting across his Gadebridge Estate. On 22 June 1832,
1759:
1619:
An Act to empower the London and Birmingham Railway Company to enlarge their Stations in London; and for other Purposes.
1164:
509:
159:
2664:
Roscoe, Thomas (1839). The London and Birmingham Railway; with the .... etc., Pub. Charles Tilt. London. Facing p.. 64.
2655:
Roscoe, Thomas (1839). The London and Birmingham Railway; with the .... etc., Pub. Charles Tilt. London. Facing p. 117.
2563:
Roscoe, Thomas (1839). The London and Birmingham Railway; with the .... etc., Pub. Charles Tilt. London. Facing p. 44.
2279:
2259:
1980:
1936:
673:
611:
1730:
2525:
2136:
1710:
amounted to the lifting of 15,733,000,000 cu ft (445,500,000 m) of stone by 1 foot (0.305 m).
39:
2232:
2085:
1940:
1912:
1908:
823:
549:
480:
422:
2829:
1995:
1924:
1103:
The prospectus for the London and Birmingham Railway offered the following inducements to potential investors:
237:
1266:
2370:
2120:). The West London Railway has opened in 1844 between Willesden Junction and the canal basin at Kensington.
1932:
1884:
1880:
1570:
1035:(GJR), whose adjacent platforms gave an interchange with full connectivity (with through carriages) between
950:
45:
2725:
Locomotives of the LNWR Southern Division, London & Birmingham Railway & Wolverton Locomotive Works
2636:"Curzon Street: The former Principal Building of the Birmingham Terminus for the London-Birmingham Railway"
2159:
2147:
2132:
1948:
1916:
1739:
1424:
1179:
to construct the line was rejected in 1832, due to pressure from landowners and road and canal interests.
1032:
1016:
393:
364:
2046:
An Act for enabling the London and Birmingham Railway Company to take a Lease of the West London Railway.
1927:. Additionally, "second-class" intermediate stations (served by slower second-class trains only) were at
1677:, skirting around the edge of Hemel Hempstead to protect Sir Astley Cooper's interests; for this reason,
2117:
2041:
1944:
1920:
1900:
1707:
1614:
1508:
1409:
1310:
1069:
1020:
651:
451:
288:
1967:
2295:
1734:
Plaque at Curzon Street station commemorating the arrival of the first train from London to Birmingham
2635:
2602:"Notes and Extracts on the History of the London & Birmingham Railway - Chapter 11: The Stations"
2263:
2179:
2124:
1005:
17:
2838:
2113:
44:
London & Birmingham Railway coat of arms on the original Euston station gates displayed at the
1156:
2448:
2780:
2761:
2728:
2702:
2683:
2578:
2490:
2360:
2089:
1976:
1176:
1088:
1012:
1004:, was the first intercity line to be built into London. It is now the southern section of the
1000:
The 112-mile (180 km) railway line which the company opened in 1838, between London and
2346:
London and Birmingham Railway Centenary 1938 souvenir, illustrating the 2-2-0 locomotive of
2175:
2003:
1845:
Initially, it was decided that it would be cheaper to work the railway by a contractor, and
1747:
1715:
1662:
1325:
1219:
1116:
2524:
In an article in the Staffordshire Advertiser, Saturday 18 August 1838, that refers to the
1513:
An Act to enable the London and Birmingham Railway Company to raise a further Sum of Money.
2751:
2312:
2186:
2151:
1755:
1670:
1144:
2131:; this fifty-mile (80 km) line connected Rugby on the L&BR with Stafford on the
1629:
2466:
1971:
Transfer certificate of the London and Birmingham Railway Company, issued 16. April 1842
2755:
2601:
2442:
2109:
2056:
1523:
1172:
990:
110:
1742:
which entered Birmingham from the north. However great difficulty in constructing the
2853:
1819:
1743:
1160:
1076:
318:
2774:
2462:
2331:
The Birmingham Terminus, as intended with flanking arches, but these were not built
2069:
1830:
1815:
1666:
1642:
1536:
1437:
1338:
1232:
1092:
2347:
2213:
1846:
1835:
1811:
1693:
1128:
1080:
82:
2757:
The Railways of Great Britain and Ireland Practically Described and Illustrated
2842:
1806:
Camden Town stationary steam engine chimneys and locomotive workshops in 1838.
1767:
1698:
1674:
1148:
1040:
1001:
2765:
1763:
1719:
1036:
2468:
A History of Prices, and of the State of the Circulation, from 1793 to 1837
1750:
delayed the opening. The first part of the line between Euston Station and
118:
1669:. Construction began in November of that year. The line would follow the
1168:
1084:
1024:
2589:
the slope had been engineered too steeply for the weak steam locomotives
2316:
1751:
1682:
1414:
An Act to amend the Acts relating to the London and Birmingham Railway.
1136:
1132:
1065:
2797:
722:
616:
554:
514:
322:
1551:
1452:
1353:
1247:
1061:
2084:, a 47-mile (76 km) branch from the main line, was opened from
2512:"Our Iron Roads: Their History, Construction and Social Influences"
2139:, a further branch into the Eastern Counties was approved in 1846.
2146:
1966:
1838:
1829:
1801:
1729:
1692:
1111:
2776:
Our Iron Roads: Their History, Construction and Social Influences
2528:, Euston station is referred to as "the station at Euston grove."
1139:
who had property interests on the planned route of the line: the
2128:
1984:
1681:
is located one mile (1.6 km) outside the town centre, at
2185:
Neither of the L&BR's original termini, both designed by
1868:
manufactured by seven different firms, including Bury's own.
993:, in operation from 1833 to 1846, when it became part of the
2174:, before finally passing into the hands of the nationalised
2744:
The History of the Railway connecting London and Birmingham
2154:
Curzon Street station, the Birmingham terminus of the line
1887:
are used solely for rolling stock maintenance and repair.
1738:
The line had been planned to open at the same time as the
2760:(2nd ed.). London: John Weale. pp. 218–255.
1879:
The locomotive workshops were established in 1838 at
2366:
Locomotives of the London and North Western Railway
2116:, and this took effect from 1846 (jointly with the
2068:
2063:
2050:
2040:
2014:
1641:
1636:
1623:
1613:
1583:
1569:
1562:
1550:
1545:
1535:
1530:
1517:
1507:
1477:
1463:
1451:
1446:
1436:
1431:
1418:
1408:
1378:
1364:
1352:
1347:
1337:
1332:
1319:
1309:
1279:
1265:
1258:
1246:
1241:
1231:
1226:
1213:
1187:
81:
76:
66:
58:
53:
2625:Chronology of London Railways by H.V.Borley page48
2100:, were leased; they opened in 1846 and 1848. The '
1119:Map - Route of London and Birmingham Railway, 1850
2699:The London & Birmingham Railway 150 Years on
2485:Birtchnell, Percy (1960). "Our Communications".
2235:(opened July 1842) and Acton Lane level crossing
1105:
2198:London and Birmingham railway gallery for 1838
2112:c. clvi) authorised the L&BR to lease the
1135:which was attended by wealthy and influential
2727:. Railway Correspondence and Travel Society.
2715:Hough, Richard. "The London and Birmingham."
133:
8:
2651:
2649:
2480:
2478:
2471:. Longman, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longmans.
2170:, which in turn was later absorbed into the
1975:The first branch from the main line was the
32:
2885:Rail transport in Birmingham, West Midlands
2539:"A Brief History of Curzon Street Station"
2158:In July 1846 the L&BR merged with the
2011:
1697:Making the embankment - Wolverton Valley (
1580:
1474:
1375:
1276:
1184:
906:
174:
140:
126:
38:
2541:. libraryofbirmingham.com. Archived from
2410:
2408:
2406:
1557:London and North Western Railway Act 1846
1458:London and North Western Railway Act 1846
1359:London and North Western Railway Act 1846
1253:London and North Western Railway Act 1846
27:Early British railway company (1837–1846)
2870:Railway companies disestablished in 1846
2575:An Economic History of London, 1800–1914
2247:The Harrow on Hill railway cutting, 1838
1127:held at the King's Arms public house in
2573:Michael Ball, David Sunderland (2001).
2402:
2382:
2201:
1706:suggested that the effort to build the
1027:and on to Birmingham. It terminated at
123:
2104:London and Birmingham Railway Act 1845
2016:London and Birmingham Railway Act 1845
1657:London and Birmingham Railway Act 1833
1587:London and Birmingham Railway Act 1846
1481:London and Birmingham Railway Act 1839
1382:London and Birmingham Railway Act 1837
1283:London and Birmingham Railway Act 1835
1189:London and Birmingham Railway Act 1833
1075:In 1829 a rival company was formed by
31:
2905:British companies established in 1833
2865:Railway companies established in 1833
2000:Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway
1571:Text of statute as originally enacted
1267:Text of statute as originally enacted
1079:who proposed building a line through
18:London and Birmingham Railway Company
7:
2890:History of Birmingham, West Midlands
2510:Williams, Frederick Smeeton (1852).
2082:Northampton and Peterborough Railway
1989:Warwick and Leamington Union Railway
2172:London Midland and Scottish Railway
1665:. c. xxxvi), and the line received
2816:from the original on 29 March 2016
2779:. Ingram, Cooke, and co. pp.
2088:. Also in 1845 branch lines, from
25:
2164:Manchester and Birmingham Railway
2006:between Coventry and Birmingham.
1864:miles per hour (36.2 km/h).
940:
843:
301:
2880:London and North Western Railway
2800:at Camden Railway Heritage Trust
2444:A History of the English Railway
2336:
2324:
2304:
2287:
2271:
2252:
2240:
2225:
2204:
2168:London and North Western Railway
2034:Parliament of the United Kingdom
2027:
1799:-mile (181.1 km) journey.
1607:Parliament of the United Kingdom
1600:
1501:Parliament of the United Kingdom
1494:
1402:Parliament of the United Kingdom
1395:
1303:Parliament of the United Kingdom
1296:
1207:Parliament of the United Kingdom
1200:
995:London and North Western Railway
939:
916:
915:
864:
842:
835:
813:
791:
769:
747:
707:
685:
663:
641:
601:
579:
539:
500:
499:
492:
470:
463:
441:
434:
412:
405:
383:
376:
354:
347:
307:
300:
279:
278:
271:
249:
227:
205:
183:
71:London and North Western Railway
2895:Early British railway companies
2806:"The Railways of Hertfordshire"
2773:Williams, Frederick S. (1852).
2216:and Euston station entrance by
1679:Hemel Hempstead railway station
989:) was a railway company in the
748:
33:London & Birmingham Railway
2900:1833 establishments in England
2487:A Short History of Berkhamsted
2178:in 1948 to become part of the
1818:. However, this was denied by
1019:in London, went north-west to
493:
435:
348:
272:
1:
2860:London and Birmingham Railway
2798:London and Birmingham Railway
1171:voiced his opposition in the
1068:, a route later taken by the
983:London and Birmingham Railway
865:
464:
406:
377:
184:
2875:Railway lines opened in 1838
954:(ticket platforms from 1844)
792:
686:
664:
540:
250:
206:
2417:"Rugby's Transport History"
2280:Denbigh Hall railway bridge
2260:Berkhamsted railway station
2123:The L&BR purchased the
1718:) or 100,000 (according to
1031:, which it shared with the
1011:The line was engineered by
836:
814:
770:
708:
642:
602:
580:
471:
442:
413:
384:
355:
308:
228:
2921:
2577:. Routledge. p. 212.
2526:1838 Harrow train accident
2415:Elliott, Peter H. (1982).
2137:Rugby and Stamford Railway
2009:United Kingdom legislation
1981:Aylesbury Railway Junction
1578:United Kingdom legislation
1472:United Kingdom legislation
1373:United Kingdom legislation
1274:United Kingdom legislation
1182:United Kingdom legislation
1023:, where it turned west to
2682:. Anderson Publications.
2678:Elliot, Peter H. (1985).
2233:Willesden railway station
2127:in 1846 on behalf of the
2026:
2021:
1599:
1594:
1493:
1488:
1394:
1389:
1295:
1290:
1199:
1194:
1060:surveyed a route through
948:
933:
924:
909:
880:
873:
858:
851:
829:
822:
807:
800:
785:
778:
763:
756:
741:
716:
701:
694:
679:
672:
657:
650:
635:
610:
595:
588:
573:
548:
533:
508:
486:
479:
457:
450:
428:
421:
399:
392:
370:
363:
341:
316:
294:
287:
265:
258:
243:
236:
221:
214:
199:
192:
177:
37:
2680:Rugby's Railway Heritage
1996:Midland Counties Railway
1143:was keen to protect his
194:Birmingham Curzon Street
2810:Hertfordshire Genealogy
2742:Lecount, Peter (1839).
2719:(Aug 1951) 1#8 pp 51–57
2701:. David & Charles.
2606:The Train Now Departing
2389:About £62,200,000 today
2371:Wolverton railway works
1885:Wolverton railway works
1425:7 Will. 4 & 1 Vict.
951:stationary steam engine
46:National Railway Museum
2160:Grand Junction Railway
2155:
2133:Grand Junction Railway
1972:
1842:
1807:
1785:hours to complete the
1740:Grand Junction Railway
1735:
1702:
1147:from invasion by the "
1131:. Another was held in
1120:
1110:
1033:Grand Junction Railway
2697:Gould, David (1987).
2441:John Francis (1851).
2150:
1970:
1833:
1805:
1733:
1708:Great Pyramid of Giza
1696:
1115:
1070:Great Western Railway
1029:Curzon Street Station
2832:March 1843 Timetable
2723:Jack, Harry (2001).
2264:Grand Junction Canal
2180:West Coast Main Line
2125:Trent Valley Railway
2090:Bletchley to Bedford
1994:From 1840, when the
1841:passenger locomotive
1159:. The anatomist Sir
1006:West Coast Main Line
928:April–September 1838
2114:West London Railway
34:
2785:high level bridge.
2191:New Street station
2156:
1973:
1963:Links and branches
1843:
1834:An early L&BR
1808:
1736:
1703:
1137:peers of the realm
1121:
926:stagecoach shuttle
612:Aylesbury Junction
151:Birmingham Railway
59:Dates of operation
2839:Bradshaw's Guides
2804:Reynolds, Chris.
2361:John Cooke Bourne
2262:in 1838 with the
2078:
2077:
2022:Act of Parliament
1977:Aylesbury Railway
1663:3 & 4 Will. 4
1651:
1650:
1595:Act of Parliament
1576:
1575:
1546:Other legislation
1489:Act of Parliament
1470:
1469:
1447:Other legislation
1390:Act of Parliament
1371:
1370:
1348:Other legislation
1326:5 & 6 Will. 4
1291:Act of Parliament
1272:
1271:
1242:Other legislation
1220:3 & 4 Will. 4
1195:Act of Parliament
1177:act of Parliament
1153:Earl of Clarendon
1145:Cassiobury Estate
1089:Robert Stephenson
1013:Robert Stephenson
979:
978:
975:
974:
901:
900:
735:
734:
629:
628:
567:
566:
527:
526:
335:
334:
117:
116:
16:(Redirected from
2912:
2846:
2836:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2787:
2769:
2752:Whishaw, Francis
2747:
2738:
2712:
2693:
2665:
2662:
2656:
2653:
2644:
2643:
2640:Historic England
2632:
2626:
2623:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2598:
2592:
2591:
2570:
2564:
2561:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2535:
2529:
2522:
2516:
2515:
2507:
2501:
2500:
2482:
2473:
2472:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2438:
2432:
2431:
2429:
2427:
2422:. pp. 56–77
2421:
2412:
2390:
2387:
2340:
2328:
2308:
2296:Beechwood Tunnel
2291:
2275:
2256:
2244:
2229:
2218:Edward Radclyffe
2208:
2176:British Railways
2106:
2105:
2031:
2030:
2017:
2012:
2004:Hampton-in-Arden
1863:
1862:
1858:
1855:
1814:by a stationary
1798:
1797:
1793:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1779:
1776:
1748:Northamptonshire
1716:Diodorus Siculus
1701:), 28 June 1837.
1659:
1658:
1630:9 & 10 Vict.
1604:
1603:
1590:
1589:
1588:
1581:
1564:Status: Repealed
1498:
1497:
1484:
1483:
1482:
1475:
1465:Status: Repealed
1399:
1398:
1385:
1384:
1383:
1376:
1366:Status: Repealed
1300:
1299:
1286:
1285:
1284:
1277:
1260:Status: Repealed
1204:
1203:
1190:
1185:
1157:The Grove Estate
1015:. It started at
943:
942:
919:
918:
907:
868:
867:
846:
845:
839:
838:
817:
816:
795:
794:
773:
772:
751:
750:
723:
711:
710:
689:
688:
667:
666:
645:
644:
617:
605:
604:
583:
582:
555:
543:
542:
515:
503:
502:
496:
495:
474:
473:
467:
466:
445:
444:
438:
437:
416:
415:
409:
408:
387:
386:
380:
379:
358:
357:
351:
350:
323:
311:
310:
304:
303:
282:
281:
275:
274:
253:
252:
231:
230:
216:Hampton-in-Arden
209:
208:
187:
186:
175:
168:1837 – July 1846
142:
135:
128:
119:
113:
107:
103:
101:
100:
96:
93:
42:
35:
21:
2920:
2919:
2915:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2910:
2909:
2850:
2849:
2828:
2819:
2817:
2803:
2794:
2772:
2750:
2741:
2735:
2722:
2709:
2696:
2690:
2677:
2674:
2672:Further reading
2669:
2668:
2663:
2659:
2654:
2647:
2634:
2633:
2629:
2624:
2620:
2610:
2608:
2600:
2599:
2595:
2585:
2572:
2571:
2567:
2562:
2558:
2548:
2546:
2545:on 29 June 2013
2537:
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2399:
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2379:
2357:
2350:
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2332:
2329:
2320:
2309:
2300:
2299:
2292:
2283:
2282:
2276:
2267:
2257:
2248:
2245:
2236:
2230:
2221:
2220:
2209:
2200:
2187:Philip Hardwick
2145:
2110:8 & 9 Vict.
2103:
2102:
2057:8 & 9 Vict.
2036:
2028:
2015:
2010:
1965:
1893:
1872:profits bonus.
1860:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1828:
1795:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1781:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1756:Hemel Hempstead
1728:
1691:
1673:instead of the
1671:River Bulbourne
1656:
1655:
1609:
1601:
1586:
1585:
1584:
1579:
1565:
1524:2 & 3 Vict.
1503:
1495:
1480:
1479:
1478:
1473:
1466:
1404:
1396:
1381:
1380:
1379:
1374:
1367:
1305:
1297:
1282:
1281:
1280:
1275:
1261:
1209:
1201:
1188:
1183:
1101:
1054:
1049:
955:
953:
944:
929:
927:
920:
881:
869:
847:
840:
818:
796:
774:
759:
752:
737:
712:
690:
668:
646:
631:
606:
584:
569:
544:
529:
504:
497:
475:
468:
446:
439:
417:
410:
388:
381:
359:
352:
337:
312:
305:
283:
276:
254:
232:
210:
188:
169:
162:
153:
152:
150:
146:
109:
105:
98:
94:
91:
89:
88:4 ft
87:
62:1833–1846
49:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2918:
2916:
2908:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
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2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
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2851:
2848:
2847:
2826:
2801:
2793:
2792:External links
2790:
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2495:
2489:. Book Stack.
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1196:
1192:
1191:
1181:
1173:House of Lords
1151:", as was the
1100:
1097:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1017:Euston Station
991:United Kingdom
977:
976:
973:
972:
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964:
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848:
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827:
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821:
819:
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797:
790:
788:
786:
783:
782:
777:
775:
768:
766:
764:
761:
760:
758:Watford Tunnel
757:
755:
753:
746:
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742:
739:
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353:
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333:
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315:
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306:
299:
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277:
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257:
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189:
182:
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167:
164:
163:
158:
155:
154:
148:
147:
145:
144:
137:
130:
122:
115:
114:
111:standard gauge
85:
79:
78:
74:
73:
68:
64:
63:
60:
56:
55:
51:
50:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2917:
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2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
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2863:
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2844:
2840:
2835:
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2827:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2802:
2799:
2796:
2795:
2791:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2777:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2758:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2740:
2736:
2734:0-901115-89-4
2730:
2726:
2721:
2718:
2717:History Today
2714:
2710:
2708:0-7153-8968-8
2704:
2700:
2695:
2691:
2689:0-907917-06-2
2685:
2681:
2676:
2675:
2671:
2661:
2658:
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2646:
2641:
2637:
2631:
2628:
2622:
2619:
2607:
2603:
2597:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2584:0-415-24691-1
2580:
2576:
2569:
2566:
2560:
2557:
2544:
2540:
2534:
2531:
2527:
2521:
2518:
2513:
2506:
2503:
2498:
2496:9781871372007
2492:
2488:
2481:
2479:
2475:
2470:
2469:
2464:
2458:
2455:
2450:
2446:
2445:
2437:
2434:
2418:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2403:
2396:
2386:
2383:
2376:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2358:
2354:
2349:
2345:
2339:
2334:
2327:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2307:
2302:
2298:near Coventry
2297:
2290:
2285:
2281:
2274:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2255:
2250:
2243:
2238:
2234:
2228:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2188:
2183:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2153:
2149:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2121:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2080:In 1845, the
2073:
2071:
2067:
2062:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2025:
2020:
2013:
2007:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1992:
1990:
1987:in 1846. The
1986:
1982:
1978:
1969:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1882:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1848:
1840:
1837:
1832:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1820:Peter Lecount
1817:
1813:
1804:
1800:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1744:Kilsby Tunnel
1741:
1732:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1717:
1711:
1709:
1700:
1695:
1688:
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1684:
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1506:
1502:
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1487:
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1462:
1459:
1456:
1454:
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1445:
1441:
1439:
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1430:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1393:
1388:
1377:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1351:
1346:
1342:
1340:
1336:
1331:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1294:
1289:
1278:
1268:
1264:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1245:
1240:
1236:
1234:
1230:
1225:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1198:
1193:
1186:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1165:Lord Brownlow
1162:
1161:Astley Cooper
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1141:Earl of Essex
1138:
1134:
1130:
1124:
1118:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1077:Francis Giles
1073:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1051:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1009:
1007:
1003:
998:
997:(L&NWR).
996:
992:
988:
984:
971:
969:
967:
965:
963:
961:
959:
958:
952:
946:
937:
935:
932:
922:
913:
911:
908:
905:
904:
897:
895:
893:
891:
889:
887:
885:
884:
879:
876:
875:London Euston
871:
862:
860:
857:
854:
849:
833:
831:
828:
825:
820:
811:
809:
806:
803:
798:
789:
787:
784:
781:
776:
767:
765:
762:
754:
745:
743:
740:
730:
729:
725:
724:
719:
718:Kings Langley
714:
705:
703:
700:
697:
692:
683:
681:
678:
675:
670:
661:
659:
656:
653:
648:
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637:
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624:
623:
619:
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613:
608:
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597:
594:
591:
586:
577:
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572:
562:
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557:
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546:
537:
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511:
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490:
488:
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482:
477:
461:
459:
456:
453:
448:
432:
430:
427:
424:
419:
403:
401:
398:
395:
390:
374:
372:
369:
366:
361:
345:
343:
340:
330:
329:
325:
324:
320:
319:Kilsby Tunnel
314:
298:
296:
293:
290:
285:
269:
267:
264:
261:
256:
247:
245:
242:
239:
234:
225:
223:
220:
217:
212:
203:
201:
198:
195:
190:
181:
179:
176:
173:
172:
166:
165:
161:
157:
156:
143:
138:
136:
131:
129:
124:
121:
120:
112:
106:1,435 mm
86:
84:
80:
75:
72:
69:
65:
61:
57:
52:
47:
41:
36:
30:
19:
2841:– via
2831:
2818:. Retrieved
2809:
2784:
2775:
2756:
2743:
2724:
2716:
2698:
2679:
2660:
2639:
2630:
2621:
2609:. Retrieved
2605:
2596:
2588:
2574:
2568:
2559:
2547:. Retrieved
2543:the original
2533:
2520:
2505:
2486:
2467:
2463:Thomas Tooke
2457:
2443:
2436:
2424:. Retrieved
2385:
2313:Avon Viaduct
2266:to the right
2184:
2166:to form the
2157:
2122:
2101:
2079:
2074:31 July 1845
2070:Royal assent
1993:
1974:
1894:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1844:
1816:steam engine
1809:
1760:Denbigh Hall
1737:
1712:
1704:
1689:Construction
1667:royal assent
1654:
1652:
1647:16 July 1846
1643:Royal assent
1541:14 June 1839
1537:Royal assent
1442:30 June 1837
1438:Royal assent
1339:Royal assent
1233:Royal assent
1155:, who owned
1125:
1122:
1106:
1102:
1099:The L&BR
1093:River Thames
1074:
1055:
1043:and London.
1010:
999:
986:
982:
980:
510:Denbigh Hall
331:2.21 km
29:
2549:23 February
2447:. pp.
2348:Edward Bury
2214:Euston Arch
1937:Berkhamsted
1847:Edward Bury
1826:Locomotives
1552:Repealed by
1453:Repealed by
1354:Repealed by
1343:3 July 1835
1248:Repealed by
1129:Berkhamsted
1095:at Oxford.
1081:Watford Gap
1058:John Rennie
1052:Early plans
674:Berkhamsted
326:1 mi 656 yd
83:Track gauge
2854:Categories
2843:Wikisource
2397:References
2152:Hardwick's
2042:Long title
1768:stagecoach
1699:Great Ouse
1675:River Gade
1615:Long title
1509:Long title
1410:Long title
1311:Long title
1237:6 May 1833
1222:. c. xxxvi
1149:iron horse
1041:Manchester
1002:Birmingham
149:London and
2766:833076248
2098:Dunstable
2092:and from
2086:Blisworth
1941:Bletchley
1913:Blisworth
1909:Wolverton
1881:Wolverton
1764:Bletchley
1720:Herodotus
1117:Cheffin's
1037:Liverpool
824:Willesden
550:Bletchley
481:Wolverton
423:Blisworth
77:Technical
67:Successor
2820:28 March
2814:Archived
2754:(1842).
2611:19 March
2465:(1838).
2355:See also
2162:and the
2094:Leighton
2052:Citation
1925:Coventry
1905:Leighton
1891:Stations
1625:Citation
1526:c. xxxix
1519:Citation
1420:Citation
1328:. c. lvi
1321:Citation
1215:Citation
1169:Ashridge
1085:Coventry
1025:Coventry
987:L&BR
590:Leighton
238:Coventry
102: in
54:Overview
2319:in 1838
2317:Wolston
2059:c. clvi
1957:Hampton
1953:Brandon
1933:Boxmoor
1897:Watford
1859:⁄
1794:⁄
1780:⁄
1766:with a
1752:Boxmoor
1726:Opening
1683:Boxmoor
1632:c. clii
1427:c. lxiv
1133:Watford
1066:Banbury
1047:History
780:Watford
696:Boxmoor
260:Brandon
97:⁄
48:in York
2834:
2783:–129.
2764:
2731:
2705:
2686:
2581:
2493:
2426:10 May
2143:Merger
1929:Harrow
1917:Weedon
1812:Camden
1062:Oxford
853:Camden
802:Harrow
736: )
726:opened
721:(
630: )
620:opened
615:(
568: )
558:opened
553:(
528: )
518:closed
513:(
394:Weedon
336: )
321:(
160:Legend
2420:(PDF)
2377:Notes
2064:Dates
1949:Crick
1945:Roade
1921:Rugby
1901:Tring
1839:2-2-0
1762:near
1637:Dates
1531:Dates
1432:Dates
1333:Dates
1227:Dates
1021:Rugby
652:Tring
452:Roade
365:Crick
289:Rugby
2822:2019
2762:OCLC
2729:ISBN
2703:ISBN
2684:ISBN
2613:2019
2579:ISBN
2551:2013
2491:ISBN
2428:2024
2311:The
2212:The
2129:LNWR
1985:LNWR
1955:and
1923:and
1836:Bury
1083:and
1064:and
981:The
731:1839
625:1839
563:1838
523:1838
2781:128
2344:LMS
2315:at
2118:GWR
2096:to
2002:at
1979:at
1935:,
1931:,
1787:112
1746:in
1167:of
2856::
2837:.
2812:.
2808:.
2648:^
2638:.
2604:.
2587:.
2477:^
2449:23
2405:^
1951:,
1947:,
1943:,
1939:,
1919:,
1915:,
1911:,
1907:,
1903:,
1899:,
1852:22
1685:.
1072:.
1039:,
1008:.
108:)
2845:.
2824:.
2768:.
2746:.
2737:.
2711:.
2692:.
2642:.
2615:.
2553:.
2514:.
2499:.
2451:.
2430:.
2108:(
1861:2
1857:1
1854:+
1796:2
1792:1
1789:+
1782:2
1778:1
1775:+
1773:5
1754:(
1661:(
985:(
141:e
134:t
127:v
104:(
99:2
95:1
92:+
90:8
20:)
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