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340:. A combination of a bend in the river and a bedrock outcropping served to push river water to the surface and made this an ideal place to divert water into the canals where it was carried for long distances. The longest Hohokam canal originated near Pueblo Grande and carried water for over 16 miles into the area of modern-day
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The site of Pueblo Grande may have had as many as two ball courts. These were publicly accessible sites likely used for ceremonial purposes, possibly ritual ball games, and periodic markets. Ball games may have drawn large crowds to participate in market activities, facilitating regional trade. There
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on the
October 15, 1966 date when all National Historic Landmark sites were administratively listed. In addition to containing exhibit galleries, the museum now functions as a repository for archaeological collections from the City of Phoenix. On March 23, 2023, the City of Phoenix changed the name
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plaster to create a platform upon which structures were built. The platform mound was also surrounded by a 6 to 7-foot high compound wall, which would have limited access to the mound. Some archaeologists have suggested that platform mounds were used for ceremonial purposes. The platform mound at
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Pueblo Grande was occupied from approximately AD 450 to 1450, at which time it was abandoned like many other villages throughout the
Phoenix basin. The reasons why these ancestral Native Americans left their villages and irrigation systems are widely debated among archaeologists. There are many
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The platform mound and approximately 5 acres of surrounding land were donated to the City of
Phoenix in 1924 by Thomas Armstrong. Soon after, Phoenix purchased an additional 10 acres south of the platform mound, named "Park of Four Waters", which became part of the Pueblo Grande Museum and
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Other platform mound villages like Pueblo Grande were built at strategic locations along the Salt River, and may have been involved in controlling the flow of water to outlying villages. Complex cultural organization would have been needed to maintain all the canal systems.
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Some time after AD 1100, the
Hohokam archaeological tradition discontinued use of their ballcourts. Many of the ballcourts were filled in with trash and platform mounds, such as the one at Pueblo Grande became more prominent at Hohokam sites.
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344:. This likely gave Pueblo Grande a prominent role among the many Hohokam villages on the north side of the Salt River. The remains of these canals are preserved at Pueblo Grande in an area called the Park of Four Waters.
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archaeological culture developed some of the largest and most advanced canal systems in all of pre-Columbian North
America. They were the first people to practice irrigated agriculture in the region. The remnants of their
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A possible astronomical observatory was built on top of the Pueblo Grande platform mound. One room had doors that may have, at the winter and summer solstice, aligned with Hole-in-the-rock, a natural feature in the
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Canals were built, maintained, and abandoned by the
Hohokam for almost a thousand years. The site of Pueblo Grande is situated at the headgates of multiple large canals on the north side of the
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On the sunrise in the summer solstice and in the winter solstice an alignment occurs. A shaft of light stretches from one doorway to another, signaling the mid points of the solar annual cycle.
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The platform mound at Pueblo Grande began as two low circular mounds around AD 800. These were expanded over time with stone-walled cells that were filled with trash and capped with
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Archaeological Park. In 1929 Odd S. Halseth was hired as both the director of Pueblo Grande and as
Phoenix's City Archaeologist – the first City Archaeologist in the United States.
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was named after Dr. Joshua Miller, President of
Arizona Antiquarian Association, who in 1901, conducted the first excavation of the Pueblo Grande Ruins.
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in 1964. It consists of two parts, that were on adjacent properties, and both associated with the same history. They were listed separately in the
972:"Pueblo Grande Ruin and Irrigation Sites / Pueblo Grande Municipal Monument, Park of the Four Waters--Accompanying 8 photos, from 1975 and undated"
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with retaining walls. This massive structure contains over 20,000 cubic meters (yards) of fill. There were also many dwellings, and at least three
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is located at 4619 E. Washington St. in
Phoenix, Arizona. The ruins are listed in the National Register of Historic Places reference #66000184.
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951:""Pueblo Grande Ruin and Irrigation Sites / Pueblo Grande Municipal Monument, Park of the Four Waters", July 12, 1976, by Francine Weiss"
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Hohokam
Sacaton red-on-buff plate, c. AD 950–1150. A signature display in the Museum. The design motif is likely an unfolding
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Made from mesquite, these kitchens were used by the O'odham people, believed to be descendants of the Hohokam, in the 1600s.
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Pueblo Grande Ruin Historic Landmark Marker. Marker and contents are the work of the US Dept. of the Interior, therefore PD.
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moved into the area that is now Phoenix, it was home to a thriving civilization called Huhugam by the culturally affiliated
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where they played ceremonial ball games. The villagers stood on top of the surrounding mound to observe the game.
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Archival records indicate that there was once also a "big house" at Pueblo Grande, similar to the one at
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1060:. Gila River Indian Community Cultural Resource Management Program. Sacaton, Arizona. 2016.
893:
Snow, Dean R. "Archaeology of Native North America." Prentice Hall, New York: 2010. p. 117.
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ballcourts, though, there are significant architectural differences between their design.
1093:, a non-profit organization that supports the Pueblo Grande Museum and Archeological Park
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1974:
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The Social Organization of Hohokam Irrigation in the Middle Gila River Valley, Arizona
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Pueblo Grande Museum and Archaeological Park continued to expand and was declared a
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University and college buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places
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2000:
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Religion on the Rocks: Hohokam Rock Art, Ritual Practice, and Social Transformation
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People of power and influence are believed to have lived in houses surrounded by
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2010:
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These replicas represent what the Hohokam pit-houses looked like 1000 years ago.
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Pueblo Grande is one of the largest mound structures ever built by the Hohokam.
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competing hypotheses that include floods, droughts, warfare, and disease.
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1944:
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1106:
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The Hohokam: Desert Farmers and Craftsmen – Excavations at Snaketown, 1964–65.
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These rooms were large and had eight foot walls. Artifacts were kept in them.
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may be cultural links between Hohokam archaeological culture ballcourts and
2946:
Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Arizona
1037:
Exploring the Hohokam, Prehistoric Desert Peoples of the American Southwest
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This is a representation of what a Hohokam house looked like 700 years ago.
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and irrigation canals. The City of Phoenix manages these resources as the
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2020:
1984:
1934:
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Water supply infrastructure on the National Register of Historic Places
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1310:
1051:
Centuries of Decline During the Hohokam Classic Period at Pueblo Grande
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296:
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242:
2648:
List of jails and prisons on the National Register of Historic Places
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2117:
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Desert Farmers at the River’s Edge: The Hohokam and Pueblo Grande.
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created the archaeological structures preserved at Pueblo Grande.
808:
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National Register of Historic Places in Maricopa County, Arizona
2077:
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2193:
1110:
121:
96:
993:"Pueblo Grande Museum Changing Name to "S'edav Va'aki Museum""
1090:
931:
Abbott, David (Spring–Summer 2017). "Hohokam Marketplaces".
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of the Pueblo Grande Museum and Archaeological Park to S'e
979:
National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination
958:
National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination
77:
Ruins of a building at Pueblo Grande archaeological site.
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Artifacts displayed inside the Pueblo Grande Ruin-Museum
1067:. University of Utah Press. Salt Lake City, Utah. 2014.
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are part of the archaeological site at Pueblo Grande.
1053:. University of Arizona Press. Tucson, Arizona. 2003.
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This is the largest mound in the Pueblo Grande Ruin.
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Former populated places in Maricopa County, Arizona
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2250:
History of the National Register of Historic Places
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1993:
1925:
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1186:
1032:
School for Advanced Research, Santa Fe. New Mexico.
509:
Map of Hohokam canal networks in Phoenix Metro area
217:
207:
202:
186:
149:
138:
2966:Ruins on the National Register of Historic Places
2281:List of U.S. National Historic Landmarks by state
2961:Ancient Puebloan archaeological sites in Arizona
440:Historic Pueblo Grande Ruins in Phoenix, Arizona
2673:National Register of Historic Places portal
784:List of historic properties in Phoenix, Arizona
692:The ovens were shared by the Hohokam community.
1039:. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.
1028:Fish, Suzanne K. and Paul R. Fish, eds. 2008.
640:Artifacts inside of the Adobe Compound Replica
2709:
2205:
1122:
1097:Pueblo Grande Ruin & Irrigation Sites NHL
1021:Andrews, John P. and Todd W. Bostwick. 2000.
549:Tools and weapons were stored in these rooms.
442:(NRHP = National Register of Historic Places)
8:
2850:Pueblo Grande Museum and Archaeological Park
497:Display inside the Pueblo Grande Ruin Museum
2746:Arizona State University at the West campus
836:"Pueblo Grande Ruin & Irrigation Sites"
2840:Phoenix Mountains Park and Recreation Area
2716:
2702:
2694:
2212:
2198:
2190:
1129:
1115:
1107:
840:National Historic Landmark summary listing
71:
2221:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
1637:Hopewell Culture National Historical Park
628:Inside view of the Adobe Compound Replica
51:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
43:Pueblo Grande Ruin & Irrigation Sites
830:
828:
318:
60:U.S. National Historic Landmark District
2880:Tovrea Castle and Carraro Cactus Garden
981:. National Park Service. July 12, 1976.
960:. National Park Service. July 12, 1976.
842:. National Park Service. Archived from
800:
447:
228:Pueblo Grande Ruin and Irrigation Sites
2986:Water supply infrastructure in Arizona
2951:National Historic Landmarks in Arizona
1025:Pueblo Grande Museum, City of Phoenix.
809:"National Register Information System"
34:
2766:Cutler-Plotkin Jewish Heritage Center
716:Different view of the Hohokam Village
7:
915:"Desert Farmers at the River's Edge"
909:
907:
905:
903:
901:
899:
863:
861:
814:National Register of Historic Places
415:National Register of Historic Places
2108:Norse colonization of North America
1035:George J. Gumerman, ed.1991.
757:Casa Grande Ruins National Monument
704:Partial view of the Hohokam Village
277:by archaeologists. These Ancestral
213:October 15, 1966 (irrigation sites)
2956:Former populated places in Arizona
2926:Native American museums in Arizona
2875:Telephone Pioneers of America Park
2636:National Historic Preservation Act
789:Phoenix Historic Property Register
25:
2936:Archaeological museums in Arizona
2796:Talking Stick Resort Amphitheatre
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731:
709:
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685:
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396:
120:
113:
95:
88:
2921:Archaeological sites in Arizona
2771:Deer Valley Petroglyph Preserve
2128:Southeastern Ceremonial Complex
284:Pueblo Grande features a large
2589:Federated States of Micronesia
2235:Architectural style categories
1091:Pueblo Grande Museum Auxiliary
762:Hohokam Pima National Monument
188:
27:Archaeological park in Arizona
1:
423:Hohokam-Pima Irrigation Sites
391:Casa Grande National Monument
245:. They include a prehistoric
129:Show map of the United States
2855:Shemer Art Center and Museum
2801:The Herberger Theater Center
2093:Mi'kmaq hieroglyphic writing
2043:Eastern Agricultural Complex
1046:University of Arizona Press.
32:United States historic place
2916:Museums in Phoenix, Arizona
2885:Wesley Bolin Memorial Plaza
2756:Burton Barr Central Library
2751:Ben Avery Shooting Facility
1477:Bandelier National Monument
1351:List of Mississippian sites
1138:Pre-Columbian North America
198:66000184 (irrigation sites)
142:4619 E. Washington Avenue,
3007:
2811:Japanese Friendship Garden
2641:Historic Preservation Fund
2620:American Legation, Morocco
1897:West Oak Forest Earthlodge
1502:The Bluff Point Stoneworks
1211:Ancestral Pueblo (Anasazi)
411:National Historic Landmark
2931:Parks in Phoenix, Arizona
2731:
2661:
2582:Lists by associated state
2166:
2138:Three Sisters agriculture
1144:
471:Pueblo Grande Ruin Museum
187:NRHP reference
82:
70:
66:
57:
48:
41:
37:
2806:Historic Heritage Square
2563:Northern Mariana Islands
1677:Lehner Mammoth-Kill Site
1236:Buttermilk Creek complex
2776:Desert Botanical Garden
2725:Phoenix Points of Pride
1877:Town Creek Indian Mound
1847:Sierra de San Francisco
1702:Meadowcroft Rockshelter
1030:The Hohokam Millennium.
211:October 15, 1966 (ruin)
2736:Arizona Biltmore Hotel
2558:Minor Outlying Islands
2541:Lists by insular areas
2255:Keeper of the Register
1532:Coso Rock Art District
1419:Santa Rosa-Swift Creek
1322:List of Hopewell sites
869:"S'edav Va'aki Museum"
328:
237:and ruins, located in
171:33.44639°N 111.98417°W
2260:National Park Service
2240:Contributing property
1940:Arlington Springs Man
1782:Portsmouth Earthworks
1042:Haury, Emil W. 1976.
933:Archaeology Southwest
819:National Park Service
322:
2941:Archaeological parks
2615:District of Columbia
2148:Transoceanic contact
2038:Container Revolution
1612:Gila Cliff Dwellings
1577:Etowah Indian Mounds
235:archaeological sites
218:Designated NHLD
176:33.44639; -111.98417
18:Pueblo Grande Museum
2865:St. Mary's Basilica
2860:South Mountain Park
2068:Green Corn Ceremony
1882:Turkey River Mounds
1672:Lake Jackson Mounds
1492:Blue Spring Shelter
821:. January 23, 2007.
167: /
104:Show map of Arizona
2835:Phoenix Art Museum
2761:Camelback Mountain
2153:Underwater panther
1827:Rosenstock Village
1697:Marmes Rockshelter
1682:L'Anse aux Meadows
1102:Pueblo Grande Ruin
1049:Abbott, David ed.
604:was built in 1888.
602:Old Crosscut Canal
430:av Va'aki Museum.
419:Pueblo Grande Ruin
386:to the northeast.
329:
2981:Irrigation canals
2898:
2897:
2691:
2690:
2245:Historic district
2187:
2186:
2179:Pre-Columbian era
1980:Spirit Cave mummy
1777:Plum Bayou Mounds
1687:Lynch Quarry Site
1206:Ancient Beringian
1084:, official site,
999:on March 31, 2023
875:on March 26, 2023
225:
224:
203:Significant dates
16:(Redirected from
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2830:Hole-In-The-Rock
2786:Footprint Center
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2711:
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2594:Marshall Islands
2214:
2207:
2200:
2191:
2123:Projectile point
1960:Leanderthal Lady
1887:Upward Sun River
1862:Stallings Island
1852:Shell ring sites
1802:Recapture Canyon
1717:Moorehead Circle
1562:El Fin del Mundo
1547:Cueva de la Olla
1353:
1340:Maritime Archaic
1324:
1154:
1131:
1124:
1117:
1108:
1082:av Va'aki Museum
1009:
1008:
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995:. Archived from
989:
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941:
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871:. Archived from
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846:on July 28, 2007
832:
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666:Hohokam ballpark
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401:av Va'aki Museum
315:Notable features
279:Native Americans
255:av Va’aki Museum
190:
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144:Phoenix, Arizona
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105:
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35:
21:
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3005:
3001:
3000:
2999:
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2996:
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2901:
2900:
2899:
2894:
2890:Wrigley Mansion
2821:Orpheum Theatre
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2722:
2692:
2687:
2667:
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2624:
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2577:
2536:
2269:
2223:
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2188:
2183:
2174:Genetic history
2162:
2016:Ceremonial pipe
1989:
1970:Minnesota Woman
1927:
1921:
1742:Ocmulgee Mounds
1722:Morrison Mounds
1667:Kolomoki Mounds
1657:Kimball Village
1517:Candelaria Cave
1459:
1453:
1434:Suwannee Valley
1369:Old Cordilleran
1349:
1320:
1188:
1182:
1148:
1140:
1135:
1086:City of Phoenix
1074:
1063:Wright, Aaron.
1056:Woodson, Kyle.
1018:
1016:Further reading
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1497:Bluefish Caves
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1994:Miscellaneous
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1965:Melbourne Man
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1950:Kennewick Man
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2791:Heard Museum
2781:Encanto Park
2487:South Dakota
2477:Rhode Island
2472:Pennsylvania
2452:North Dakota
2158:Water glyphs
2113:Oasisamerica
2103:N.A.G.P.R.A.
2063:Folsom point
2053:Effigy mound
2033:Clovis point
2001:Aridoamerica
1902:Wickiup Hill
1857:Spiro Mounds
1837:Salmon Ruins
1832:Russell Cave
1627:Helen Blazes
1622:Grimes Point
1602:Fort Juelson
1592:Fort Ancient
1567:El Vallecito
1527:Chaco Canyon
1467:Angel Mounds
1429:Steed-Kisker
1379:Paleo-Arctic
1301:Glacial Kame
1286:Fort Ancient
1178:Post-Classic
1149:
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1001:. Retrieved
997:the original
987:
978:
966:
957:
945:
939:(2 & 3).
936:
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877:. Retrieved
873:the original
848:. Retrieved
844:the original
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363:
359:Mesoamerican
355:
346:
335:
332:Canal system
309:
294:
283:
265:Long before
264:
252:
250:
227:
226:
29:
2845:Phoenix Zoo
2826:Papago Park
2608:Other areas
2568:Puerto Rico
2402:Mississippi
2317:Connecticut
2143:Thunderbird
2011:Black drink
1975:Peñon woman
1912:Winterville
1892:Velda Mound
1872:Taos Pueblo
1767:Parkin Park
1752:Orwell site
1737:Nodena site
1632:Holly Bluff
1607:Four Mounds
1597:Fort Center
1522:Casa Grande
1472:Anzick site
1364:Monongahela
1291:Fort Walton
1266:Coles Creek
1231:Belle Glade
1216:Anishinaabe
777:Indian Mesa
767:Mesa Grande
751:other sites
664:This was a
290:ball courts
174: /
162:111°59′03″W
150:Coordinates
2905:Categories
2517:Washington
2437:New Mexico
2432:New Jersey
2307:California
2088:Metallurgy
2048:Eden point
1945:Buhl Woman
1817:Rock Eagle
1807:River Styx
1732:Mummy Cave
1727:Moundville
1707:Mesa Verde
1692:Marksville
1439:Tchefuncte
1399:Plaquemine
1335:Las Palmas
1251:Calf Creek
1246:Cades Pond
795:References
352:Ballcourts
338:Salt River
302:irrigation
159:33°26′47″N
2527:Wisconsin
2492:Tennessee
2397:Minnesota
2372:Louisiana
2133:Stickball
1822:Rock Hawk
1652:Key Marco
1444:Troyville
1424:St. Johns
1409:Red Ocher
1168:Formative
1003:April 11,
879:April 11,
772:Snaketown
2683:Category
2512:Virginia
2462:Oklahoma
2442:New York
2417:Nebraska
2407:Missouri
2392:Michigan
2382:Maryland
2367:Kentucky
2347:Illinois
2322:Delaware
2312:Colorado
2302:Arkansas
2021:Chanunpa
2006:Ballgame
1985:Vero man
1935:Anzick-1
1907:Windover
1867:SunWatch
1797:Rassawek
1617:Glenwood
1507:Brewster
1359:Mogollon
1330:La Jolla
1316:Hopewell
1276:Deptford
1189:cultures
725:See also
342:Glendale
273:and the
194:66000185
139:Location
2911:Hohokam
2629:Related
2532:Wyoming
2507:Vermont
2412:Montana
2352:Indiana
2332:Georgia
2327:Florida
2297:Arizona
2287:Alabama
2170:Related
2028:Chunkey
1928:remains
1917:Wupatki
1757:Paquime
1647:Huápoca
1512:Cahokia
1482:Bastian
1389:Patayan
1311:Hohokam
1296:Fremont
1271:Comondú
1226:Baytown
1221:Avonlea
1201:Alachua
1173:Classic
1163:Archaic
1151:Periods
920:. 2000.
747:Hohokam
434:Gallery
375:caliche
297:Hohokam
275:Hohokam
271:O’odham
261:History
243:Arizona
239:Phoenix
2467:Oregon
2422:Nevada
2362:Kansas
2337:Hawaii
2292:Alaska
2228:Topics
1587:Folsom
1552:Cutler
1487:Benson
1374:Oneota
1306:Glades
1281:Folsom
1261:Clovis
1158:Lithic
523:mounds
305:canals
196:(ruin)
2599:Palau
2497:Texas
2377:Maine
2342:Idaho
2118:Piasa
1926:Human
1557:Eaker
1460:sites
1394:Plano
1196:Adena
975:(PDF)
954:(PDF)
918:(PDF)
2553:Guam
2502:Utah
2457:Ohio
2357:Iowa
2078:Kiva
1005:2023
881:2023
852:2007
600:The
469:The
421:and
327:bud.
295:The
230:are
1582:Eva
1078:S'e
417:as
397:S'e
251:S’e
189:No.
2907::
977:.
956:.
937:31
935:.
898:^
860:^
838:.
827:^
817:.
811:.
753::
749:–
393:.
292:.
257:.
241:,
2828:/
2717:e
2710:t
2703:v
2283::
2213:e
2206:t
2199:v
1130:e
1123:t
1116:v
1080:d
1007:.
883:.
854:.
525:.
428:d
399:d
253:d
20:)
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