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91:. Others came as a result of a complete breakdown in their livelihoods where they had been living. Pavement dwellers migrate to Mumbai hoping to capitalize on the wealth and job opportunities that the city offers. They are typically forward-thinking, seeking to build lives in the city that give the next generation better opportunities than would have been possible in the village.
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as early as the 1940s, and who have lived on the pavement of public roadways ever since. They are completely invisible as far as local, state, and national policies are concerned. People who sleep on or near pavements often pay to keep their belongings in shops, kiosks, or other buildings.
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built on the footpaths/pavements of city streets. The structures use the walls or fences which separate properties from the pavement and street outside. Materials include cloth, corrugated iron, cardboard, wood, plastic, and sometimes also bricks or cement.
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authority to demolish household structures on the sidewalks of Mumbai. With the aid of SPARC, the rights of Mumbai's pavement dwellers were recognised and coexistence was successfully negotiated.
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Patel, Sheela (1990). "Street
Children, hotel boys and children of pavement dwellers and construction workers in Bombay - how they meet their daily needs".
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based on a census of about 6,000 households. It showed approximately half of the pavement dwellers to be from the poorest districts in the state of
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261:
Appadurai, Arjun (2013). "Spectral
Housing and Urban Cleansing: Notes on Millennial Mumbai". In del Pilar Blanco, María; Peeren, Esther (eds.).
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of the
Society for the Promotion of Area Resource Centers (SPARC), pavement dwellers are primarily first generation migrants who moved to
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College London: Department for International Development: Urban Government: Capacity Building: SPARC:
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Demolitions to
Dialogue: Mahila Milan - learning to talk to its city and municipality
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147:. The encampments would grow over a period of weeks and the police would evict them.
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127:, from February 2008 till late 2009, until they were evicted by court order to the
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346:"Paris Is the New Calais, With Scores of Migrants Arriving Daily"
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were a group of evicted families who lived on a main road in
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in 2016, African migrants began living on the pavements of
67:, with the other half from the poorest parts of wider
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Empowering Slum
Dwellers: Interview with Sheela Patel
285:Development Gateway Foundation: Urban Development:
190:"We, the Invisible: A Census of Pavement Dwellers"
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166:"Electricity to pavement dwellers in Mumbai"
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105:Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai
57:SPARC conducted a study in 1985 called
164:Sundar Burra & Liz Riley (1999).
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16:Informal housing built on footpaths
344:Nossiter, Adam (3 November 2016).
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319:"CT to evict pavement dwellers"
139:Following the eviction of the
117:Symphony Way Pavement Dwellers
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220:Environment and Urbanization
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232:10.1177/095624789000200203
71:. Many came as victims of
25:Street dwellers in Mumbai
263:The Spectralities Reader
265:. Bloomsbury Academic.
397:Squats in South Africa
101:Supreme Court of India
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178:on 13 September 2016.
85:religious persecution
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292:28 July 2006 at the
95:1985 eviction crisis
131:resettlement zone.
407:Squatting in India
382:People from Mumbai
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325:. 19 October 2009
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30:Pavement dwellers
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201:. Retrieved
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173:the original
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129:Blikkiesdorp
125:South Africa
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111:South Africa
103:granted the
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47:Sheela Patel
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226:(2): 9–26.
81:earthquakes
65:Maharashtra
371:Categories
151:References
32:refers to
248:153522987
240:0956-2478
203:18 August
329:24 April
290:Archived
323:News 24
73:drought
392:Squats
355:25 May
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199:. 1985
77:famine
51:Mumbai
41:Mumbai
244:S2CID
197:SPARC
193:(PDF)
176:(PDF)
169:(PDF)
145:Paris
135:Paris
121:Delft
89:riots
69:India
357:2019
331:2019
267:ISBN
236:ISSN
205:2018
115:The
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