31:
106:
These two men disappeared mysteriously during their 800-kilometre (500 mi) trip over the ice and were never seen again. The
Norwegians' journey was identical in its last 600 kilometres (370 mi) to the sledge trip undertaken a few years earlier at the orders of Baron
240:, they had established good friendships with many Russians. Owing to their good character, the Soviet authorities and many persons in different places of Russia went out of their way to assist them. This was not always easy considering the penury of the times in the early
63:
after having made winter quarters there. Amundsen chose Peter Tessem because he had been suffering from chronic headaches throughout the winter and was not fit to continue the long expedition. He selected Paul
Knutsen because he had previously wintered in the
275:. Another possible cause of death is that the Norwegian hurried when he saw the lights of the polar station, so that he slipped and fell down. He might have knocked himself unconscious hitting a boulder, could not stand up, and froze to death.
278:
It is not clear, however, whether the corpse by the shore was Peter Tessem's or Paul
Knutsen's; the golden watch with Tessem's name engraved on it led to the presumption that it was Tessem. The photo of the skeleton was taken by
233:, two pairs of Norwegian skis and part of a sleeping-bag were found. Finally, in July 1922, 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) from Dikson, Begichev found a skeleton of a man wearing a golden watch engraved with Peter Tessem's name.
2965:
217:
After examination of the things, Begichev decided that the bones belonged to one of the missing
Norwegian seamen. However, after Begichev's death, it was presumed that the bones belonged to somebody from
187:
expedition in search for Peter Tessem and Paul
Knutsen on request of the government of Norway. Captain Lars Jakobsen and Alfred Karlsen, another Norwegian who had been with him at Dikson and who acted as
206:
On August 2, 1919, some distance southwest of Cape Vilda, the
Norwegian sledge was found by Jakobsen indicating that something had gone wrong with the two men. Further, he found other materials near
171:
for an overland expedition, but the practical difficulties he encountered became unsurmountable, for the area was practically uninhabited except for the little station at Dikson.
163:
to the Kara Sea on 23 August 1920. However, the schooner encountered heavy ice already east of Dikson, and
Captain Lars Jakobsen was forced to turn back when he was close to the
309:
292:
erected a more imposing larch cross on the spot. In 1958, the remains were moved to the top of the cape where there is now a granite monument with a plaque inscribed in
195:
At the start of their search, they had a letter dated
November 18, 1919, found about a tenth of the way from Cape Chelyuskin to Dikson; it was placed in a tin can in a
59:. Peter Tessem was a carpenter and Paul Knutsen was an able-bodied seaman. One year into the expedition, in 1919, Amundsen left Peter Tessem and Paul Knutsen behind at
132:, to Dikson in one month, so Tessem and Knutsen's trip should not have taken much longer. However, almost a year passed and nothing was heard of the two Norwegians.
256:
found, by chance, the mail and scientific data that Tessem and
Knutsen had been carrying. The valuable documents lay strewn about, abandoned near the mouth of the
156:
2127:
450:
286:
The dead man was buried farther up the slope in the same spot and his grave was marked with a driftwood cross. Two years later, the crew of
Norwegian ship
1088:
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723:
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229:, mail, and other things on the Zeledeev river, 80 kilometres (50 mi) from Dikson, belonging to Knudsen and Tessem. Closer to Dikson, on the
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2278:
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300:, to honor the memory of the dead Norwegian. The inscription reads: "TESSEM, Norwegian seaman, member of the expedition, MS Maud, died 1920."
1418:
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192:, accompanied Begichev. Begichev had a good impression of Jakobsen and Karlsen; he thought that they were tough, reliable and helpful.
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92:
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203:(Cape Vilda). It said that Tessem and Knutsen were heading towards Dikson in good health with provisions for twenty days.
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Forensic analysis revealed that it was one of the two Norwegian explorers and that the most likely cause of death was
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76:, so he knew about the locations of the caches of provisions that had been left in the area by Sverdrup.
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264:. In July 1922, a mummified corpse, practically a skeleton, was found on the mainland shore across from
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2008:
1966:
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1313:
1060:
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750:
555:
211:
164:
118:
95:, carrying the mail and the valuable scientific data accumulated by the expedition. Meanwhile, the
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1989:
1953:
1929:
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125:
113:
236:
The search was abandoned, but before Captain Jakobsen and Alfred Karlsen returned to Norway via
128:. In 1901, Kolomeitsev and Rastorguev had covered the distance from Bukhta Kolin Archera, SW of
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1976:
1924:
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1186:
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253:
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2573:
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1995:
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219:
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88:
214:, including a skull, empty cartridges, and a broken knife, suggesting a physical struggle.
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1961:
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1613:
1335:
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60:
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2119:
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1971:
1945:
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50:
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2015:
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1563:
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265:
260:. Later, the skis belonging to the missing Norwegians were found at the mouth of the
129:
69:
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1983:
1805:
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1223:
1211:
1154:
1082:
983:
880:
874:
771:
759:
632:
610:
534:
487:
280:
241:
34:
Location of Cape Chelyuskin where Tessem and Knutsen began their ill-fated journey.
3525:
3425:
3373:
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2766:
2141:
2073:
1835:
1694:
1657:
1557:
1549:
1357:
693:
237:
145:
108:
55:
3324:
3227:
3211:
3053:
2986:
2887:
2296:
2245:
2205:
1527:
1253:
1181:
1123:
516:
272:
226:
210:. On August 16, 1919, Begichev found a fireplace with smoked men's bones near
200:
141:
100:
400:
2846:
1683:
1235:
1018:
17:
2778:
168:
80:
65:
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within sight of the weather station that was the two men's destination.
30:
3405:
2785:
1572:
1050:
1026:
1014:
122:
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46:
428:
1037:
196:
140:
The alarm was raised in March 1920 by Leon Amundsen when he got a
29:
184:
84:
2228:
470:
432:
155:
Veteran Arctic explorer Otto Sverdrup, acting on behalf of the
27:
Norwegian explorers who disappeared during an Arctic expedition
367:. Vol. 36, no. 4. pp. 311–327. Archived from
358:"The Last Journey of Peter Tessem and Paul Knutsen (1919)"
397:"Great Arctic State Nature Reserve – Scientific activity"
79:
The men were instructed to wait for the freeze-up of the
157:
Royal Norwegian Department for Churches and Education
152:, inquiring whether his men had reached home safely.
144:
from his brother Roald, who was then wintering near
3206:
2937:
2524:
2264:
1637:
1168:
1013:
511:
310:List of people who disappeared mysteriously at sea
159:, tried to conduct a search by sending schooner
252:In August 1922, a geological expedition led by
87:southwestwards along the western coast of the
444:
8:
415:"Photo of Tessem's skeleton by Georgy Rubin"
2238:
2225:
480:
467:
451:
437:
429:
53:on his 1918 Arctic expedition aboard ship
3509:Pole of Inaccessibility research station
49:who went with fellow Norwegian explorer
3084:Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition
326:
348:
346:
344:
342:
340:
338:
336:
334:
332:
330:
167:. Jakobsen tried then to hire dogs or
7:
2870:Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition
1067:Norse colonization of North America
2399:United States Exploring Expedition
283:. The other body was never found.
25:
3473:Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station
2841:Australasian Antarctic Expedition
3367:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
2760:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
225:The expedition of 1922 found a
1:
2746:Japanese Antarctic Expedition
2681:Scottish Antarctic Expedition
99:continued eastwards into the
3103:Soviet Antarctic Expeditions
2919:Shackleton–Rowett Expedition
2725:French Antarctic Expeditions
2655:Swedish Antarctic Expedition
2541:Belgian Antarctic Expedition
659:Lady Franklin Bay Expedition
2188:Nuclear-powered icebreakers
1867:Austro-Hungarian Expedition
732:Andrée's balloon expedition
136:Norwegian search expedition
3616:
3560:1910s missing person cases
1389:Franklin's lost expedition
1089:Christian IV's expeditions
3590:Norwegian polar explorers
2241:
2237:
2224:
1743:Great Northern Expedition
1419:Rae–Richardson expedition
619:British Arctic Expedition
483:
479:
466:
3027:British Antarctic Survey
3021:Captain Arturo Prat Base
2266:Antarctic/Southern Ocean
175:Soviet search expedition
45:were two young men from
3575:Formerly missing people
3570:Explorers of the Arctic
3503:Pole of inaccessibility
3166:Antarctic Treaty System
1507:2nd Grinnell expedition
315:List of unsolved deaths
248:Remains found by chance
35:
3173:Transglobe Expedition
3072:Operation Deep Freeze
2481:Challenger expedition
1347:Coppermine expedition
868:Drifting ice stations
383:University of Calgary
33:
3343:South magnetic pole
2009:Brusilov expedition
1118:Danish colonization
556:North magnetic pole
165:Mikhailov Peninsula
119:Nikolai Kolomeitsev
3595:People lost at sea
3034:Operation Windmill
3015:Operation Highjump
1990:Rusanov expedition
1895:A. E. Nordenskiöld
1639:North East Passage
1443:McClure expedition
421:on March 31, 2012.
403:on April 24, 2008.
179:Finally, in 1921,
126:Stepan Rastorguyev
68:in 1914–1915 with
36:
3547:
3546:
3543:
3542:
3539:
3538:
3001:Operation Tabarin
2863:Far Eastern Party
2709:Nimrod Expedition
2220:
2219:
2216:
2215:
1779:M. Pronchishcheva
1701:Siberian Cossacks
1170:Northwest Passage
503:Research stations
460:Polar exploration
150:East Siberian Sea
16:(Redirected from
3607:
3048:Ronne Expedition
2533:
2527:
2391:Dumont d'Urville
2239:
2226:
1774:V. Pronchishchev
481:
468:
453:
446:
439:
430:
423:
422:
417:. Archived from
411:
405:
404:
399:. Archived from
393:
387:
386:
380:
379:
373:
362:
350:
258:Zeledeyeva River
181:Nikifor Begichev
89:Taymyr Peninsula
21:
3615:
3614:
3610:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3605:
3604:
3600:Unsolved deaths
3550:
3549:
3548:
3535:
3210:
3202:
3078:McMurdo Station
2947:Modern research
2945:
2933:
2668:O. Nordenskjöld
2531:
2525:
2520:
2436:Ross expedition
2260:
2233:
2212:
1641:
1633:
1174:Northern Canada
1172:
1164:
1017:
1009:
515:
507:
475:
462:
457:
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408:
395:
394:
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377:
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371:
360:
352:
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328:
323:
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254:N. N. Urvantsev
250:
222:'s expedition.
177:
138:
61:Cape Chelyuskin
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3613:
3611:
3603:
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3592:
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3585:Lost explorers
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3534:
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3517:
3516:
3511:
3499:
3498:
3497:
3495:Vostok Station
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3449:
3448:
3446:Cherry-Garrard
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3423:
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3286:Southern Cross
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3208:Farthest South
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2905:Ross Sea party
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2599:Southern Cross
2592:Southern Cross
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2338:Bellingshausen
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2019:
2005:
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1998:
1986:
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1969:
1964:
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1643:Russian Arctic
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1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1178:
1176:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1151:
1150:
1145:
1133:
1128:
1127:
1126:
1114:
1113:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1085:
1080:
1078:Snæbjörn galti
1075:
1070:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1041:
1034:
1029:
1023:
1021:
1011:
1010:
1008:
1007:
1006:
1005:
1000:
995:
980:
973:
963:
958:
953:
945:
935:
934:
933:
928:
914:
907:
900:
899:
898:
893:
888:
883:
871:
864:
863:
862:
857:
852:
840:
839:
838:
824:
815:
814:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
779:
774:
769:
768:
767:
762:
747:
742:
741:
740:
728:
727:
726:
714:
713:
712:
707:
702:
697:
679:
678:
677:
672:
667:
655:
654:
653:
648:
643:
635:
630:
615:
614:
613:
608:
603:
586:
585:
584:
579:
574:
569:
564:
552:
547:
542:
537:
532:
527:
521:
519:
513:Farthest North
509:
508:
506:
505:
500:
495:
490:
484:
477:
476:
471:
464:
463:
458:
456:
455:
448:
441:
433:
425:
424:
406:
388:
325:
324:
322:
319:
318:
317:
312:
305:
302:
298:Roman alphabet
262:Uboynaya River
249:
246:
231:Uboynaya River
208:Cape Sterligov
176:
173:
137:
134:
51:Roald Amundsen
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3612:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3557:
3555:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3506:
3505:
3504:
3500:
3496:
3493:
3492:
3491:
3490:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3418:
3417:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3407:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3375:
3371:
3370:
3369:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3346:
3345:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3317:
3316:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3304:
3303:
3302:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3290:
3289:
3288:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3276:
3275:
3274:
3273:
3268:
3264:
3261:
3260:
3259:
3258:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3244:
3241:
3240:
3239:
3238:
3233:
3229:
3226:
3225:
3224:
3223:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3176:
3175:
3174:
3170:
3168:
3167:
3163:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3152:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3140:
3139:
3138:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3128:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3113:
3112:
3111:
3107:
3106:
3105:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3087:
3086:
3085:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3051:
3050:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3038:
3037:
3036:
3035:
3031:
3029:
3028:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3016:
3012:
3008:
3005:
3004:
3003:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2989:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2975:
2974:
2970:
2968:
2967:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2928:
2927:
2923:
2922:
2921:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2909:
2908:
2907:
2906:
2902:
2900:
2899:
2898:
2893:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2878:
2874:
2873:
2872:
2871:
2867:
2865:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2850:
2845:
2844:
2843:
2842:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2803:
2799:
2798:
2797:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2787:
2783:
2781:
2780:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2768:
2764:
2763:
2762:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2750:
2749:
2748:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2733:
2729:
2728:
2727:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2717:
2713:
2712:
2711:
2710:
2706:
2704:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2694:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2684:
2683:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2663:
2659:
2658:
2657:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2642:
2638:
2637:
2636:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2626:Discovery Hut
2624:
2622:
2621:
2617:
2616:
2615:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2600:
2596:
2595:
2594:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2549:
2545:
2544:
2543:
2542:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2530:
2523:
2515:
2512:
2511:
2510:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2490:
2485:
2484:
2483:
2482:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2468:
2464:
2463:
2458:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2446:
2445:
2440:
2439:
2438:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2426:
2425:
2424:
2423:
2418:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2408:
2403:
2402:
2401:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2389:
2388:
2387:
2386:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2348:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2334:
2333:
2329:
2327:
2326:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2308:
2307:
2302:
2298:
2295:
2294:
2293:
2292:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2263:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2243:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2227:
2223:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2198:
2196:
2195:
2191:
2190:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2178:
2174:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2158:
2157:
2156:A. Sibiryakov
2153:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2144:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2132:
2131:
2130:
2129:
2128:Glavsevmorput
2125:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2116:
2115:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2078:
2077:
2076:
2071:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2062:
2061:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2052:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2017:
2013:
2012:
2011:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1958:
1957:
1956:
1951:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1935:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1920:
1915:
1914:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1905:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1883:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1870:
1869:
1868:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1745:
1744:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1702:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1685:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1630:
1627:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1618:
1617:
1616:
1611:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1597:
1596:
1595:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1576:
1575:
1574:
1569:
1565:
1562:
1561:
1560:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1546:
1545:
1540:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1531:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1516:
1511:
1510:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1465:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1452:
1447:
1446:
1445:
1444:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1431:
1430:J. Richardson
1428:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1407:
1406:
1401:
1399:
1398:
1393:
1392:
1391:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1377:
1376:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1348:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1325:
1324:
1319:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1310:
1309:
1304:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1295:
1294:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1265:
1264:
1259:
1255:
1252:
1251:
1250:
1249:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1220:
1219:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1192:M. Corte-Real
1190:
1188:
1187:G. Corte-Real
1185:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1139:
1138:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1120:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1110:C. Richardson
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1046:
1042:
1040:
1039:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
992:
988:
987:
986:
985:
981:
979:
978:
974:
972:
971:
970:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
951:
946:
944:
943:
942:
936:
932:
929:
927:
924:
923:
922:
921:
920:
919:Georgiy Sedov
915:
913:
912:
908:
906:
905:
901:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
878:
877:
876:
872:
870:
869:
865:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
847:
846:
845:
841:
837:
834:
833:
832:
831:
830:
825:
823:
822:
821:
816:
812:
809:
807:
806:Riiser-Larsen
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
788:
787:
786:
785:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
766:
763:
761:
758:
757:
756:
755:
754:
748:
746:
743:
739:
736:
735:
734:
733:
729:
725:
722:
721:
720:
719:
715:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
695:
691:
690:
689:
688:
686:
680:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
662:
661:
660:
656:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
641:
636:
634:
631:
629:
628:
623:
622:
621:
620:
616:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
601:
597:
596:
595:
594:
592:
587:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
560:
559:
558:
557:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
522:
520:
518:
514:
510:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
485:
482:
478:
474:
469:
465:
461:
454:
449:
447:
442:
440:
435:
434:
431:
420:
416:
410:
407:
402:
398:
392:
389:
384:
374:on 2022-01-20
370:
366:
359:
355:
354:Barr, William
349:
347:
345:
343:
341:
339:
337:
335:
333:
331:
327:
320:
316:
313:
311:
308:
307:
303:
301:
299:
296:, and in the
295:
291:
290:
284:
282:
276:
274:
269:
267:
266:Dikson Island
263:
259:
255:
247:
245:
243:
239:
234:
232:
228:
223:
221:
215:
213:
212:Cape Primetny
209:
204:
202:
198:
193:
191:
186:
182:
174:
172:
170:
166:
162:
158:
153:
151:
147:
143:
135:
133:
131:
130:Taymyr Island
127:
124:
120:
116:
115:
110:
104:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
77:
75:
71:
70:Otto Sverdrup
67:
62:
58:
57:
52:
48:
44:
40:
32:
19:
3501:
3489:Pole of Cold
3487:
3413:
3404:
3372:
3365:
3341:
3312:
3298:
3292:Borchgrevink
3284:
3271:
3256:
3236:
3221:
3190:
3171:
3164:
3148:
3134:
3125:
3108:
3101:
3082:
3070:
3046:
3032:
3025:
3013:
2999:
2985:
2971:
2964:
2925:
2917:
2903:
2896:
2894:
2876:
2868:
2861:
2848:
2839:
2801:
2793:
2784:
2777:
2765:
2758:
2744:
2732:Pourquoi-Pas
2731:
2723:
2715:
2707:
2702:Orcadas Base
2700:
2692:
2679:
2673:C. A. Larsen
2661:
2653:
2639:
2632:
2619:
2611:
2605:Borchgrevink
2598:
2590:
2547:
2539:
2514:C. A. Larsen
2507:
2488:
2479:
2461:
2443:
2434:
2421:
2406:
2397:
2384:
2345:
2331:
2324:
2305:
2290:
2200:
2193:
2176:
2169:
2155:
2140:
2126:
2113:
2088:
2074:
2072:
2058:
2056:
2050:
2048:
2014:
2007:
1988:
1954:
1952:
1938:
1936:
1918:
1908:
1906:
1886:
1884:
1865:
1741:
1699:
1682:
1650:
1614:
1612:
1592:
1591:
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993:submersibles
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984:Arktika 2007
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419:the original
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401:the original
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381:– via
376:. Retrieved
369:the original
364:
287:
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281:Georgy Rybin
277:
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242:Soviet Union
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43:Paul Knutsen
42:
39:Peter Tessem
38:
37:
18:Peter Tessem
3192:Lake Vostok
3142:Tryoshnikov
3064:Schlossbach
2955:Christensen
2897:James Caird
2818:E. R. Evans
2584:Dobrowolski
2554:de Gerlache
2256:Expeditions
2142:Aviaarktika
2096:Samoylovich
1967:Kolomeitsev
1861:Middendorff
1821:Gedenshtrom
1241:I. Fyodorov
1003:Chilingarov
891:E. Fyodorov
498:Expeditions
238:Krasnoyarsk
190:interpreter
146:Ayon Island
109:Eduard Toll
3554:Categories
3415:Terra Nova
3320:Shackleton
3263:J. C. Ross
3222:Resolution
3212:South Pole
2987:New Swabia
2911:Mackintosh
2883:Shackleton
2802:Terra Nova
2795:Terra Nova
2529:Heroic Age
2489:Challenger
2449:J. C. Ross
2359:Bransfield
2291:Resolution
2206:icebreaker
2170:Chelyuskin
1911:expedition
1889:Expedition
1831:Matyushkin
1789:Kh. Laptev
1784:Chelyuskin
1678:Heemskerck
1668:Chancellor
1663:Willoughby
1658:Koch boats
1601:Stefansson
1535:McClintock
1499:Inglefield
1341:J. C. Ross
1248:Resolution
1100:Cunningham
998:Sagalevich
687:expedition
646:Stephenson
606:C. F. Hall
593:expedition
567:J. C. Ross
530:Heemskerck
517:North Pole
378:2017-11-02
321:References
273:starvation
227:theodolite
201:Mys Vil’da
101:Laptev Sea
3514:Tolstikov
3300:Discovery
3270:HMS
3255:HMS
3237:Adventure
3235:HMS
3220:HMS
3156:Tolstikov
2877:Endurance
2662:Antarctic
2647:Drygalski
2620:Discovery
2613:Discovery
2574:Arctowski
2487:HMS
2460:HMS
2454:Abernethy
2442:HMS
2420:USS
2407:Vincennes
2405:USS
2385:Astrolabe
2325:San Telmo
2306:Adventure
2304:HMS
2289:HMS
2284:Kerguelen
2246:Continent
2231:Antarctic
2108:Urvantsev
2066:Vilkitsky
1919:Jeannette
1917:USS
1909:Jeannette
1873:Weyprecht
1851:Pakhtusov
1801:Chichagov
1794:D. Laptev
1737:Permyakov
1712:Stadukhin
1707:Perfilyev
1684:Mangazeya
1622:H. Larsen
1587:Rasmussen
1542:HMS
1513:USS
1462:HMS
1449:HMS
1413:Collinson
1403:HMS
1395:HMS
1373:HMS
1321:HMS
1306:HMS
1291:HMS
1276:Mackenzie
1263:Discovery
1261:HMS
1246:HMS
1218:Discovery
1197:Frobisher
1160:Rasmussen
1073:Gunnbjörn
1019:Greenland
948:USS
939:USS
811:Ellsworth
753:Roosevelt
683:Nansen's
640:Discovery
638:HMS
625:HMS
572:Abernethy
540:Marmaduke
289:Veslekari
148:, in the
83:and then
3580:Kara Sea
3526:A. Fuchs
3483:V. Fuchs
3463:McKinley
3426:E. Evans
3385:Bjaaland
3380:Amundsen
3330:Marshall
3243:Furneaux
3095:V. Fuchs
3059:E. Ronne
3054:F. Ronne
2993:Ritscher
2847:SY
2835:Filchner
2779:Framheim
2773:Amundsen
2579:Racoviță
2564:Amundsen
2559:Lecointe
2428:Ringgold
2422:Porpoise
2312:Furneaux
2148:Shevelev
2103:Begichev
2082:Amundsen
2044:Nagórski
2022:Brusilov
2016:Sv. Anna
1930:Melville
1900:Palander
1856:Tsivolko
1816:Sannikov
1811:Billings
1754:Chirikov
1673:Barentsz
1615:St. Roch
1606:Bartlett
1580:Amundsen
1564:Sverdrup
1464:Resolute
1353:Franklin
1281:Kotzebue
1148:Sverdrup
1131:Scoresby
1105:Lindenov
956:Plaisted
941:Nautilus
886:Shirshov
860:Belyakov
855:Baydukov
829:Nautilus
791:Amundsen
751:SS
710:Sverdrup
705:Johansen
675:Brainard
670:Lockwood
525:Barentsz
304:See also
169:reindeer
142:telegram
117:Captain
91:towards
81:Kara Sea
72:on ship
66:Kara Sea
3531:Messner
3478:Hillary
3458:Balchen
3406:Polheim
3400:Wisting
3278:Crozier
3250:Weddell
3228:J. Cook
3198:Kapitsa
3179:Fiennes
3121:Klenova
3090:Hillary
3040:Ketchum
2966:BANZARE
2941:·
2786:Polheim
2752:Shirase
2738:Charcot
2548:Belgica
2467:Crozier
2379:Morrell
2374:Weddell
2352:Lazarev
2297:J. Cook
2251:History
2201:Arktika
2177:Krassin
2162:Voronin
2134:Schmidt
2120:Ushakov
2059:Vaygach
2027:Albanov
1996:Rusanov
1977:Kolchak
1972:Matisen
1946:Makarov
1925:De Long
1826:Wrangel
1806:Lyakhov
1759:Malygin
1717:Dezhnev
1544:Pandora
1515:Advance
1482:Kennedy
1477:Belcher
1470:Kellett
1457:McClure
1381:Beechey
1375:Blossom
1368:Simpson
1336:Crozier
1329:Hoppner
1286:J. Ross
1254:J. Cook
1202:Gilbert
1095:J. Hall
1061:Ingólfr
1051:Naddodd
1045:Vikings
1032:Brendan
1027:Pytheas
1015:Iceland
969:Arktika
961:Herbert
926:Badygin
896:Krenkel
881:Papanin
850:Chkalov
836:Wilkins
801:Wisting
745:F. Cook
651:Markham
611:Bessels
600:Polaris
591:Polaris
562:J. Ross
545:Carolus
493:History
294:Russian
220:Rusanov
123:Cossack
74:Eclipse
3441:Bowers
3436:Wilson
3395:Hassel
3390:Helmer
3359:Mackay
3349:Mawson
3314:Nimrod
3272:Terror
3257:Erebus
3184:Burton
2979:Rymill
2855:Mawson
2849:Aurora
2828:Lashly
2813:Wilson
2716:Nimrod
2693:Scotia
2500:Murray
2475:Cooper
2462:Terror
2444:Erebus
2413:Wilkes
2364:Palmer
2332:Vostok
2279:Bouvet
2203:-class
2183:Gakkel
2051:Taymyr
2032:Konrad
2001:Kuchin
1939:Yermak
1846:Lavrov
1764:Ovtsyn
1749:Bering
1727:Ivanov
1690:Hudson
1652:Pomors
1629:Cowper
1594:Karluk
1493:Isabel
1487:Bellot
1437:Austin
1405:Terror
1397:Erebus
1293:Griper
1269:Clerke
1229:Baffin
1212:Hudson
1143:Nansen
1056:Garðar
977:Barneo
844:ANT-25
820:Italia
796:Nobile
765:Henson
724:Amedeo
700:Nansen
665:Greely
535:Hudson
473:Arctic
365:ARCTIC
185:Soviet
183:led a
161:Heimen
93:Dikson
85:sledge
47:Norway
3521:Crary
3468:Dufek
3431:Oates
3421:Scott
3354:David
3335:Adams
3306:Barne
3127:Mirny
3116:Somov
2926:Quest
2823:Crean
2808:Scott
2687:Bruce
2641:Gauss
2634:Gauss
2508:Jason
2495:Nares
2369:Davis
2346:Mirny
2319:Smith
2274:Roché
2194:Lenin
2114:Sadko
2039:Wiese
1984:Sedov
1955:Zarya
1878:Payer
1841:Litke
1836:Anjou
1769:Minin
1732:Vagin
1722:Popov
1695:Poole
1550:Young
1363:Dease
1308:Hecla
1299:Parry
1224:Bylot
1207:Davis
1182:Cabot
1155:Peary
1137:Jason
1124:Egede
1038:Papar
950:Skate
931:Wiese
911:NP-37
904:NP-36
784:Norge
772:Sedov
760:Peary
718:Jason
633:Nares
627:Alert
582:Hayes
550:Parry
488:Ocean
372:(PDF)
361:(PDF)
197:cairn
114:Zarya
3565:Duos
3453:Byrd
3374:Fram
3325:Wild
3007:Marr
2973:BGLE
2960:Byrd
2888:Wild
2767:Fram
2569:Cook
2090:AARI
2075:Maud
1962:Toll
1887:Vega
1573:Gjøa
1558:Fram
1521:Kane
1358:Back
1323:Fury
1314:Lyon
1236:Munk
875:NP-1
777:Byrd
694:Fram
685:Fram
577:Kane
121:and
97:Maud
56:Maud
41:and
3150:3rd
3136:2nd
3110:1st
2943:IGY
2939:IPY
1529:Fox
1425:Rae
991:Mir
967:NS
199:on
111:by
3556::
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