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510:. The KO-6 voice coder was released in 1949 in limited quantities; it was a close approximation to the SIGSALY at 1,200 bit/s. In 1953, KY-9 THESEUS 1650 bit/s voice coder used solid-state logic to reduce the weight to 565 pounds (256 kg) from SIGSALY's 55 short tons (50,000 kg), and in 1961 the HY-2 voice coder, a 16-channel 2400 bit/s system, weighed 100 pounds (45 kg) and was the last implementation of a channel vocoder in a secure speech system.
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location of spectral peaks is constrained by the available fixed frequency bands. LP filtering also has disadvantages in that signals with a large number of constituent frequencies may exceed the number of frequencies that can be represented by the linear prediction filter. This restriction is the primary reason that LP coding is almost always used in tandem with other methods in high-compression voice coders.
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more accurate the analysis) and the level of signal present at each frequency band gives the instantaneous representation of the spectral energy content. To recreate speech, the vocoder simply reverses the process, processing a broadband noise source by passing it through a stage that filters the frequency content based on the originally recorded series of numbers.
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592:, are used in many telephone networks. G.729 in particular has a final data rate of 8 kbit/s with superb voice quality. G.723 achieves slightly worse quality at data rates of 5.3 and 6.4 kbit/s. Many voice vocoder systems use lower data rates, but below 5 kbit/s voice quality begins to drop rapidly.
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Instead of a point-by-point recreation of the waveform, the vocoder process sends only the parameters of the vocal model over the communication link. Since the parameters change slowly compared to the original speech waveform, the bandwidth required to transmit speech can be reduced. This allows more
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Even with the need to record several frequencies, and additional unvoiced sounds, the compression of vocoder systems is impressive. Standard speech-recording systems capture frequencies from about 500 to 3,400 Hz, where most of the frequencies used in speech lie, typically using a sampling rate
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The vocoder examines speech by measuring how its spectral characteristics change over time. This results in a series of signals representing these frequencies at any particular time as the user speaks. In simple terms, the signal is split into a number of frequency bands (the larger this number, the
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One advantage of this type of filtering is that the location of the linear predictor's spectral peaks is entirely determined by the target signal, and can be as precise as allowed by the time period to be filtered. This is in contrast with vocoders realized using fixed-width filter banks, where the
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the control signals, voice transmission can be secured against interception. Its primary use in this fashion is for secure radio communication. The advantage of this method of encryption is that none of the original signal is sent, only envelopes of the bandpass filters. The receiving unit needs to
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The
Vocoder (Voice Operated reCorDER) and Voder (Voice Operation DEmonstratoR) developed by the research physicist Homer Dudley, ... The Voder was first unveiled in 1939 at the New York World Fair (where it was demonstrated at hourly intervals) and later in 1940 in San Francisco. There were twenty
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Information about the instantaneous frequency of the original voice signal (as distinct from its spectral characteristic) is discarded; it was not important to preserve this for the vocoder's original use as an encryption aid. It is this dehumanizing aspect of the vocoding process that has made it
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The amplitude of the modulator for each of the individual analysis bands generates a voltage that is used to control amplifiers for each of the corresponding carrier bands. The result is that frequency components of the modulating signal are mapped onto the carrier signal as discrete amplitude
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trained operators known as the 'girls' who handled the machine much like a musical instrument such as a piano or an organ, ... This was done by manipulating fourteen keys with the fingers, a bar with the left wrist and a foot pedal with the right foot.
582:). The sampling resolution is typically 8 or more bits per sample resolution, for a data rate in the range of 64 kbit/s, but a good vocoder can provide a reasonably good simulation of voice with as little as 5 kbit/s of data.
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around 1995 by W.B. Kleijn, and subsequently, a low- complexity version was developed by AT&T for the DoD secure vocoder competition. Notable enhancements to the WI coder were made at the
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or any other sibilant sound. Using this band produces recognizable speech, although somewhat mechanical sounding. Vocoders often include a second system for generating unvoiced sounds, using a
291:, and the signals from the envelope followers are transmitted to the decoder. The decoder applies these as control signals to corresponding amplifiers of the output filter channels.
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Robot voices became a recurring element in popular music during the 20th century. Apart from vocoders, several other methods of producing variations on this effect include: the
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channel. This is for frequencies that are outside the analysis bands for typical speech but are still important in speech. Examples are words that start with the letters
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applications, a source of musical sounds is used as the carrier, instead of extracting the fundamental frequency. For instance, one could use the sound of a
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Analog vocoders typically analyze an incoming signal by splitting the signal into multiple tuned frequency bands or ranges. To reconstruct the signal, a
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451:(voice operating demonstrator) was introduced to the public at the AT&T building at the 1939–1940 New York World's Fair. The voder consisted of an
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There are also some artists who have made vocoders an essential part of their music, overall or during an extended phase. Examples include the German
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performing vocals through an EMI vocoder. According to the album's liner notes, "The Raven" was the first rock song to feature a digital vocoder.
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1295:(2013) and consider the convergence of technological and human voice "the identity of their musical project". For instance, the lyrics of "
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733:. In linear prediction coding, the all-pole filter replaces the bandpass filter bank of its predecessor and is used at the encoder to
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894:. It was originally called a spectrum encoder-decoder and later referred to simply as a vocoder. The carrier signal came from a Moog
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Modern vocoders that are used in communication equipment and in voice storage devices today are based on the following algorithms:
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the signal (i.e., flatten the spectrum) and again at the decoder to re-apply the spectral shape of the target speech signal.
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2533:"Midnight is amazing! But it sounds like Chris's voice has autotune in some parts. I thought Coldplay doesn't use autotune?"
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songs, while utilizing synthesized voices in place of human voices. In 1974, he utilized synthesized voices in his popular
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268:) in a controlled way, creating the wide variety of sounds used in speech. There is another set of sounds, known as the
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system, which was built by Bell Labs engineers in 1943. SIGSALY was used for encrypted voice communications during
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Channel vocoder setting as a musical application; the Dutch captions are "Band-pass filters" and "Level meters"
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input. The output of the ten-band vocoder was fairly intelligible but relied on specially articulated speech.
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873:. It was first featured on "The Electronic Record For Children" released in 1969 and then on his rock album
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be set up in the same filter configuration to re-synthesize a version of the original signal spectrum.
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2183:(November 2001). (Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., California Univ., Santa Barbara, CA): 786–798.
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Kleijn, W.B.; Shoham, Y.; Sen, D.; Hagen, R. (1996). "A low-complexity waveform interpolation coder".
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Kleijn, W.B.; Haagen, J. (1995). "A speech coder based on decomposition of characteristic waveforms".
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1996 IEEE International
Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing Conference Proceedings
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499:. This was a complex machine to operate, but a skilled operator could produce recognizable speech.
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479:, and the manual controllers including a set of pressure-sensitive keys for filter control, and a
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1242:(2014), also features Martin singing through a vocoder. The hidden track "X Marks the Spot" from
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Studio for
Electronic Music was one of the first attempts to use a vocoder (rear) to create music
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1615:"Media and Prosthesis: the Vocoder, the Artificial Larynx, and the History of Signal Processing"
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rather than a featured aspect of the work. However, many experimental electronic artists of the
757:. AT&T holds the core patents related to WI and other institutes hold additional patents.
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Robust
Advanced Low-complexity Waveform Interpolation (RALCWI 2050, 2400 and 2750 bit/s)
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Gottesman, O.; Gersho, A. (2001). "Enhanced waveform interpolative coding at low bit-rate".
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1539:, "System for the artificial production of vocal or other sounds", issued 1937-04-07
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1204:". features a vocoder ("Pretty young thing/You make me sing"), courtesy of session musician
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How to Wreck a Nice Beach: The
Vocoder from World War II to Hip-Hop, The Machine Speaks
1921:
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International
Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering
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genre often utilize vocoder in a more comprehensive manner in specific works, such as
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was among the first to use the vocoder in a commercial context, with their 1977 album
726:, whereby the target signal's spectral envelope (formant) is estimated by an all-pole
631:(MELP), MIL STD 3005, 2400 bit/s, used in the Future Narrowband Digital Terminal
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built another musical vocoder, a ten-band device inspired by the vocoder designs of
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Vocoders have appeared on pop recordings from time to time, most often simply as a
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HY-2 Vocoder (designed in 1961), was the last generation of channel vocoder in the
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component tends to result in an unclear voice; on methods for rectifying this, see
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useful in creating special voice effects in popular music and audio entertainment.
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2256:"Das Siemens-Studio für elektronische Musik von Alexander Schaaf und Helmut Klein"
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1401:
1060:, the tracks "Prologue", "Yours Truly, 2095", and "Epilogue" on their 1981 album
1046:". On following albums, the band made sporadic use of it, notably on their hits "
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Among the most consistent users of the vocoder in emulating the human voice are
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used a vocoder to provide a vocal effect for his 1981 international hit single "
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as the input to the filter bank, a technique that became popular in the 1970s.
555:: noise and tone vocoding is used to simulate the effects of cochlear implants.
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at the
Siemens Studio for Electronic Music, developed between 1956 and 1959.
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and later he used it in the climactic scene of the screenplay for his novel
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and games, usually for robots or talking computers. The robot voices of the
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Since the late 1970s, most non-musical vocoders have been implemented using
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have used vocoders in variety of their songs and live performances such as
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of tone. The filters controlled by keys convert the tone and the hiss into
2215:
Elektronische
Klangerzeugung: Elektronische Musik und synthetische Sprache
1964:
1340:" which featured a vocoder and reached the top ten of the charts in 2018.
415:
276:
sounds, which are created or modified by the mouth in different fashions.
131:
as a means of synthesizing human speech. This work was developed into the
2536:
2138:. Vol. 1. (AT&T Bell Labs., Murray Hill, NJ). pp. 212–215.
2093:. Vol. 1. (AT&T Bell Labs., Murray Hill, NJ). pp. 508–511.
2091:
1995 International
Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing
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Demonstration of the "robotic voice" effect found in film and television.
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1211:
1167:
1155:
269:
261:
253:
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Object of
Interest: The Vocoder The New Yorker Magazine mini documentary
2671: Details of the Siemens Electronic Music Studio, exhibited at the
30:
This article is about the voice encoder. For the dictation machine, see
2755:
1355:
1114:
832:
679:
Sinusoidal-Pulsed Representation (SPR 600 bit/s – 4800 bit/s)
625:(CVSD), 16 kbit/s, used in wide band encryptors such as the KY-57.
617:
503:
273:
265:
245:
2188:
1906:(1973). "Adaptive quantization in differential PCM coding of speech".
440:, who was granted patents for it on March 21, 1939, and Nov 16, 1937.
283:
Specifically, in the encoder, the input is passed through a multiband
17:
2823:
Description, photographs, and diagram for the vocoder at 120years.net
2238:
Institut für Sprache und Kommunikation, Technische Universität Berlin
1982:
1947:
839:
One of the first attempts to use a vocoder in creating music was the
2136:
International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing
1303:" (2013) features a mix of natural and processed human voices, and "
1038:. The band extensively uses it on the album, including on the hits "
318:. In the example of a typical robot voice the carrier is noise or a
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403:
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1261:(2002) alongside other digital audio technology both old and new.
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36:
2587:"Kanye deconstructed: the human voice as the ultimate instrument"
2279:
Electronic and Experimental Music: Technology, Music, and Culture
1515:
has gathered G.721 along with some other ADPCM codecs into G.726.
616:(CELP), 2400 and 4800 bit/s, Federal Standard 1016, used in
356:
In the channel vocoder algorithm, among the two components of an
2666:
Siemens Electronic Music Studio in Deutsches Museum (multi part)
1325:
244:
consists of sounds generated by the opening and closing of the
1512:
1190:
used a Sennheiser Vocoder VSM201 on six of the nine tracks on
685:
Tri-Wave Excited Linear Prediction (TWELP 300–9600 bit/s)
636:
173:
76:
1840:"Application of MFCC in Text Independent Speaker Recognition"
1214:
have used a vocoder in some of their songs. For example, in "
991:
used a vocoder on three of their albums, first on their 1977
353:. This is mixed with the carrier output to increase clarity.
1383:
41:
Early 1970s vocoder, custom-built for electronic music band
2453:"Musique. Space Art, pionniers de l'electro à la française"
2359:(Media notes). Bruce Haack. Stones Throw Records LLC. 2010.
1511:
ADPCM is not a proper vocoder but rather a waveform codec.
1083:
used a vocoder during the recording of their second album,
929:. The album featured electronic renditions of contemporary
422:
264:
piping system) to produce differences in harmonic content (
70:
64:
2427:"In 1981, Electric Light Orchestra Took Us to the Future"
2607:"Zedd And Griff Drop Bubbly Future Pop Jam "Inside Out""
2455:[Music. Space Art, pioneers of French electro].
2401:(booklet). Electric Light Orchestra. Epic, Legacy. 2007.
854:
musical vocoders for the electronic music studio of the
1283:, who have used this instrument from their first album
2688:
Electric to Me Turn – from "The Electric Lucifer"
1732:
1730:
27:
Voice encryption, transformation, and synthesis device
2057:
2007:
1886:
LPC methods are the most widely used in speech coding
1738:"The 'Voder' & 'Vocoder' Homer Dudley, USA, 1940"
749:
Waveform-interpolative (WI) vocoder was developed at
67:
2563:"Daft Punk: "La musique actuelle manque d'ambition""
2480:"Classic Tracks: Phil Collins' "In the Air Tonight""
2236:(in German), Fachgebiet Kommunikationswissenschaft,
1015:" and "A New Machine Part 2", and finally on 1994's
432:
The development of a vocoder was started in 1928 by
287:, then the output of each band is measured using an
73:
61:
809:. Later he was instrumental in the founding of the
58:
517:. The most widely used speech coding technique is
166:, can be used independently for speech synthesis.
1937:. Dissertation and patents on vocoder technology.
688:Noise Robust Vocoder (NRV 300 and 800 bit/s)
158:The vocoder has also been used extensively as an
2177:IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing
1659:", published May 21, 1939, assigned to
513:Later work in this field has since used digital
2411:: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (
2369:: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (
252:, which produces a periodic waveform with many
162:. The decoder portion of the vocoder, called a
2645:One Of The First Vocoder Machine [sic]
1774:James L. Flanagan (1965). "Speech Synthesis".
1714:", published 1938-06-21, assigned to
1687:", published 1937-11-16, assigned to
409:SIGSALY (1943–1946) speech encipherment system
2281:(4th ed.). Routledge. pp. 190–192.
2258:(in German). Deutsches Museum. Archived from
525:(ADPCM), was developed by P. Cummiskey,
8:
2356:BRUCE HAACK – FARAD: THE ELECTRIC VOICE
1981:. Digital Voice Systems, Inc. Archived from
1742:120 Years of Electronic Music (120years.net)
1299:" (1997) are integrally vocoder-processed, "
623:Continuously variable slope delta modulation
322:. There are usually between 8 and 20 bands.
2738: (A sample of earlier computer-based
2502:
2500:
2074:. Raytheon BBN Technologies. Archived from
1445:were created with an EMS Vocoder 2000. The
643:Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation
523:adaptive differential pulse-code modulation
208:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2328:"History of Electronic Sound Modification"
1782:schematic diagram of the Voder synthesizer
1776:Speech Analysis, Synthesis and Perception
1317:used a vocoder on the outro of his song "
1232:'s vocals are mostly vocoder-processed. "
578:of 8 kHz (slightly greater than the
228:Learn how and when to remove this message
2336:Journal of the Audio Engineering Society
1463:vocoder was used to create the voice of
676:(AMBE 2000 bit/s – 9600 bit/s)
662:Algebraic code-excited linear prediction
542:Terminal equipment for systems based on
521:(LPC). Another speech coding technique,
326:changes in each of the frequency bands.
314:is sent through a series of these tuned
2635:
1528:
1504:
1483:Audio time stretching and pitch scaling
755:University of California, Santa Barbara
549:Digital voice scrambling and encryption
2539:"Oracle". 5 March 2014. Archived from
2451:Richard, Philippe (29 November 2016).
2404:
2362:
2275:"Early Synthesizers and Experimenters"
2035:. CML Microsystems Plc. Archived from
1417:
1186:during his late 1970s period. In 1982
387:
260:by the nose and throat (a complicated
2736:(Audio). AT&T Bell Labs. c. 1961.
2006:. DSP Innovations Inc. Archived from
1248:was also recorded through a vocoder.
670:(MELPe 2400, 1200 and 600 bit/s)
607:Pub 137, 2400 bit/s, which uses
455: – a sound source of
384:Schematic circuit of Dudley's Vocoder
7:
2791:(Video). Texas Instruments. c. 1980.
1778:. Springer-Verlag. pp. 172–173.
692:Vocoders are also currently used in
595:Several vocoder systems are used in
447:ability of its decoder section, the
206:adding citations to reliable sources
123:The vocoder was invented in 1938 by
2709:(CD Single/Download). Jive Records.
2693: A sample of earlier Vocoder.
2385:"Bruce Haack's Biography 1965–1974"
2234:Seminars Klanganalyse und -synthese
1455:theme, as arranged and recorded by
329:Often there is an unvoiced band or
299:speech channels to utilize a given
1922:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1973.tb02007.x
915:Electric Samurai: Switched on Rock
668:Mixed-excitation linear prediction
629:Mixed-excitation linear prediction
558:Musical and other artistic effects
364:component and simply ignoring the
25:
2733:Earlier Computer Speech Synthesis
1909:The Bell System Technical Journal
917:was an early attempt at applying
865:built a prototype vocoder, named
639:'s 21st century secure telephone.
502:Dudley's vocoder was used in the
2613:. Jason Heffler. 23 October 2020
1418:Problems playing this file? See
1399:
974:Tales of Mystery and Imagination
414:
402:
178:
54:
2691:(Phonograph). Columbia Records.
2478:Flans, Robyn (5 January 2005).
1182:") and jazz/fusion keyboardist
303:, such as a radio channel or a
2853:Electronic musical instruments
2585:Estelle Caswell (2016-09-01).
2230:"Meyer-Eppler und der Vocoder"
1557:"The Carrier Nature of Speech"
1555:Dudley, Homer (October 1940).
1366:, linear prediction vocoders,
1079:In the late 1970s, French duo
954:used a vocoder on their album
649:G.721, 32 kbit/s used in
614:Code-excited linear prediction
143:for speech coding to conserve
1:
1683:, Dudley, Homer W., "
1655:, Dudley, Homer W., "
1561:Bell System Technical Journal
825:
160:electronic musical instrument
2863:Lossy compression algorithms
2828:O'Reilly Article on Vocoders
2507:Tompkins, Dave (2010–2011).
1289:(1997) to their latest work
2228:Diesterhöft, Sonja (2003),
1716:Bell Telephone Laboratories
1689:Bell Telephone Laboratories
1661:Bell Telephone Laboratories
1344:Voice effects in other arts
1272:" uses a vocoder effect on
1258:Live at the Brixton Academy
1202:P.Y.T. (Pretty Young Thing)
1196:. The chorus and bridge of
1141:can be clearly seen on his
1008:A Momentary Lapse of Reason
1003:Pigs (Three Different Ones)
962:Karn Evil 9: 3rd Impression
898:, and the modulator from a
850:developed one of the first
811:Studio for Electronic Music
459:tone – and
256:. This basic sound is then
108:the human voice signal for
2889:
2762:", musical accompanied by
2648:(Motion picture). c. 1939.
2217:, Bonn: Ferdinand Dümmlers
2144:10.1109/ICASSP.1996.540328
2099:10.1109/ICASSP.1995.479640
1838:Gupta, Shipra (May 2016).
1710:, Dudley, Homer, "
1708:US apprication 2121142
1681:US application 2098956
1653:US application 2151091
1631:10.5250/quiparle.21.1.0107
1347:
1328:, American country singer
1137:Vocoder module and use by
950:In 1973, the British band
751:AT&T Bell Laboratories
715:
702:computational neuroscience
664:(ACELP 4.7–24 kbit/s)
588:voice coders, such as ITU
566:
135:which was used as a voice
29:
2758:computer. The demo song "
2387:. Bruce Haack Publishing.
2293:(See also excerpt of pp.
1332:and American musical duo
120:or voice transformation.
1764:Talking Heads: Simulacra
1670:(filed October 30, 1935)
1311:singing into a vocoder.
1070:" from their 1986 album
1054:" from their 1979 album
1048:The Diary of Horace Wimp
1030:Electric Light Orchestra
979:The Alan Parsons Project
952:Emerson, Lake and Palmer
718:Linear predictive coding
609:linear predictive coding
519:linear predictive coding
473:variable-gain amplifiers
2742:and song synthesis, by
2650:A demonstration of the
2072:"Noise Rubust Vocoders"
1953:. VoiceAge Corporation.
1493:Silent speech interface
1467:, a character from the
1222:", both from the album
1085:Trip in the Centre Head
712:Linear prediction-based
360:, considering only the
2814:. PAIA. Archived from
2060:. DSP Innovations Inc.
1388:
1292:Random Access Memories
944:Snowflakes are Dancing
836:
805:from the viewpoint of
775:
745:Waveform-interpolative
597:NSA encryption systems
563:Modern implementations
533:at Bell Labs in 1973.
531:James L. Flanagan
395:
110:audio data compression
45:
2773:2001: A Space Odyssey
2744:John Larry Kelly, Jr.
2630:Multimedia references
2273:Holmes, Thom (2012).
2029:"RALCWI Vocoder IC's"
1429:television production
1427:Vocoders are used in
1387:
1350:Robotic voice effects
1266:Red Hot Chili Peppers
1245:A Head Full of Dreams
1144:Live At Montreux 1981
856:University at Buffalo
824:Siemens Synthesizer (
823:
817:in Cologne, in 1951.
773:
716:Further information:
674:Multi-band excitation
453:electronic oscillator
383:
351:fundamental frequency
301:communication channel
40:
2793: (A sample of
2788:TI Speak & Spell
2711: (A sample of
2685:Bruce Haack (1970).
2211:Meyer-Eppler, Werner
1853:(5): 805–810 (806).
1768:Haskins Laboratories
1613:Mills, Mara (2012).
1442:Battlestar Galactica
1336:made a song titled "
1013:A New Machine Part 1
876:The Electric Lucifer
544:digital mobile radio
527:Nikil S. Jayant
202:improve this section
2812:"How Vocoders Work"
2407:cite AV media notes
2365:cite AV media notes
2303:3rd edition in 2008
1712:Signal Transmission
1657:Signal Transmission
1040:Sweet Talkin' Woman
1005:", then in 1987 on
957:Brain Salad Surgery
896:modular synthesizer
841:Siemens Synthesizer
795:Werner Meyer-Eppler
443:To demonstrate the
2654:(not the vocoder).
2511:. Melville House.
1904:Flanagan, James L.
1797:. Cryptomuseum.com
1760:"The Voder (1939)"
1602:. Crypto Machines.
1581:. Cryptomuseum.com
1395:Example of vocoder
1389:
1309:Julian Casablancas
1307:" (2013) features
1253:Atari Teenage Riot
1176:Send One Your Love
1095:In the Air Tonight
879:released in 1970.
837:
776:
396:
141:telecommunications
104:that analyzes and
46:
2518:978-1-61219-093-8
2311:978-0-415-95781-6
2288:978-1-136-46895-7
2189:10.1109/89.966082
2153:978-0-7803-3192-1
2108:978-0-7803-2431-2
2033:CML Microcircuits
1967:. Compandent Inc.
1405:
1220:Hurts Like Heaven
1206:Michael Boddicker
1110:Jean-Michel Jarre
1018:The Division Bell
971:" from the album
923:through a vocoder
724:linear prediction
553:Cochlear implants
508:World War II
469:resonator filters
320:sawtooth waveform
289:envelope follower
238:
237:
230:
147:in transmission.
16:(Redirected from
2880:
2819:
2798:
2795:speech synthesis
2792:
2783:
2777:
2768:Arthur C. Clarke
2740:speech synthesis
2737:
2728:
2722:
2710:
2700:
2694:
2692:
2682:
2676:
2673:Deutsches Museum
2670:
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2332:
2326:(October 1984).
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2240:, archived from
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1925:
1916:(7): 1105–1118.
1900:Jayant, Nikil S.
1895:
1889:
1888:
1883:
1881:
1875:
1869:. Archived from
1844:
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1685:Signaling system
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1516:
1509:
1488:List of vocoders
1407:
1406:
1386:
1368:speech synthesis
1297:Around the World
1073:Balance of Power
960:, for the song "
924:
919:speech synthesis
911:electronic music
830:
827:
803:speech synthesis
799:electronic music
761:Artistic effects
706:cochlear implant
653:secure telephone
645:(ADPCM), former
445:speech synthesis
418:
406:
316:bandpass filters
233:
226:
222:
219:
213:
182:
174:
118:voice encryption
83:
82:
79:
78:
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2837:
2810:
2807:
2802:
2801:
2785:
2784:
2780:
2730:
2729:
2725:
2715:effect (a.k.a.
2703:T-Pain (2005).
2702:
2701:
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2445:
2436:
2434:
2431:National Review
2425:
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2420:
2403:
2399:Out of the Blue
2397:
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2154:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2109:
2088:
2087:
2083:
2070:
2069:
2065:
2058:"TWELP Vocoder"
2056:
2055:
2051:
2042:
2040:
2027:
2026:
2022:
2013:
2011:
2002:
2001:
1997:
1988:
1986:
1979:"IMBE and AMBE"
1977:
1976:
1972:
1963:
1962:
1958:
1950:
1946:
1945:
1941:
1935:Ernst Rothauser
1933:
1929:
1898:Cummiskey, P.;
1897:
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1413:
1412:
1411:
1408:
1400:
1397:
1390:
1384:
1372:ring modulation
1352:
1346:
1315:Ye (Kanye West)
1251:Noisecore band
1198:Michael Jackson
1180:A Seed's a Star
1162:, the Japanese
1068:Calling America
1035:Out of the Blue
997:for the songs "
967:The 1975 song "
939:classical music
927:electronic rock
922:
871:Michael Faraday
828:
807:sound synthesis
792:
768:
763:
747:
720:
714:
575:
565:
539:
461:noise generator
430:
429:
428:
427:
426:
419:
411:
410:
407:
385:
378:
358:analytic signal
349:instead of the
347:noise generator
305:submarine cable
234:
223:
217:
214:
199:
183:
172:
133:channel vocoder
57:
53:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2886:
2884:
2876:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2858:Music hardware
2855:
2850:
2840:
2839:
2836:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2818:on 2011-09-07.
2806:
2805:External links
2803:
2800:
2799:
2778:
2748:Louis Gerstman
2723:
2695:
2677:
2656:
2634:
2633:
2632:
2631:
2625:
2624:
2598:
2577:
2574:. May 3, 2013.
2554:
2524:
2517:
2496:
2470:
2443:
2418:
2390:
2376:
2346:
2343:(10): 730–739.
2315:
2287:
2265:
2262:on 2013-09-30.
2247:
2220:
2202:
2167:
2152:
2122:
2107:
2081:
2078:on 2014-04-02.
2063:
2049:
2020:
2004:"SPR Vocoders"
1995:
1970:
1956:
1939:
1927:
1890:
1830:
1816:"Campbell.qxd"
1807:
1786:
1751:
1744:. 2013-09-21.
1726:
1699:
1672:
1644:
1625:(1): 107–149.
1605:
1600:"HY-2 Vocoder"
1591:
1570:
1547:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1503:
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1500:
1497:
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1415:
1409:
1398:
1393:
1392:
1391:
1382:
1381:
1380:
1345:
1342:
1274:Anthony Kiedis
1184:Herbie Hancock
1131:Five Miles Out
1102:special effect
791:
788:
767:
764:
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312:carrier signal
236:
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32:voice recorder
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2885:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2868:Speech codecs
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2848:Audio effects
2846:
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2720:
2719:
2718:T-Pain effect
2714:
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2558:
2555:
2543:on 2 May 2014
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2244:on 2008-03-05
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2053:
2050:
2039:on 2018-03-15
2038:
2034:
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2024:
2021:
2010:on 2016-04-09
2009:
2005:
1999:
1996:
1985:on 2017-07-07
1984:
1980:
1974:
1971:
1966:
1965:"MELPe – FAQ"
1960:
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1931:
1928:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1910:
1905:
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1894:
1891:
1887:
1876:on 2019-10-18
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1461:Roland VP-330
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1305:Instant Crush
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1239:Ghost Stories
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1213:
1209:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
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1173:
1172:Stevie Wonder
1169:
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1150:
1146:
1145:
1140:
1139:Mike Oldfield
1135:
1133:
1132:
1127:
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1120:Mike Oldfield
1117:
1116:
1111:
1107:
1106:new-age music
1103:
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766:Uses in music
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694:psychophysics
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515:speech coding
511:
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485:pitch control
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375:
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371:
370:phase vocoder
367:
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187:This section
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134:
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103:
102:speech coding
99:
95:
91:
87:
81:
51:
44:
39:
33:
19:
2816:the original
2787:
2781:
2771:
2766:, impressed
2732:
2726:
2716:
2705:
2698:
2687:
2680:
2665:
2659:
2644:
2638:
2615:. Retrieved
2610:
2601:
2590:. Retrieved
2580:
2569:
2557:
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1951:(licensing)
1948:"Voice Age"
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1216:Major Minus
1128:, 1980 and
907:Isao Tomita
888:Robert Moog
863:Bruce Haack
852:solid-state
848:Robert Moog
829: 1959
784:synthesizer
698:linguistics
573:Audio codec
497:inflections
477:vocal tract
388:Dudley 1940
386:(based on:
250:vocal cords
242:human voice
106:synthesizes
86:portmanteau
2842:Categories
2760:Daisy Bell
2706:I'm Sprung
2617:23 October
2592:2023-09-26
2484:Mix Online
2437:2021-10-19
2043:2013-05-17
2014:2008-11-08
1989:2008-11-08
1880:18 October
1824:2019-07-31
1801:2019-07-31
1585:2019-07-31
1537:US 135416A
1523:References
1452:Doctor Who
1433:filmmaking
1420:media help
1348:See also:
1338:The Middle
1321:" (2010).
1276:' vocals.
1270:By the Way
1188:Neil Young
989:Pink Floyd
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900:microphone
708:research.
567:See also:
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481:foot pedal
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1081:Space Art
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981:features
969:The Raven
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882:In 1970,
861:In 1968,
846:In 1968,
436:engineer
434:Bell Labs
362:amplitude
331:sibilance
254:harmonics
218:July 2019
189:does not
145:bandwidth
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266:formants
262:resonant
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780:musical
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1863:S2CID
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647:ITU-T
633:FNBDT
590:G.729
475:as a
471:with
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366:phase
164:voder
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