270:
421:(31.50 in) wide, and for them to be 600 mm (23.62 in), 800 mm (31.50 in) or 1,010 mm (39.76 in) deep. This of course varies by manufacturer, the design of the rack and its purpose, but through common constraining factors (such as raised-floor tile dimensions), these dimensions have become quite common. The extra width and depth enables cabling to be routed with ease (also helping to maintain the minimum bend radius for fiber and copper cables) and deeper equipment to be utilized. A common feature in IT racks is mounting positions for
1177:
1204:
1192:
642:(PVC), extruded aluminum edges, steel corners, handles, and latches. Larger cases typically have wheels for easy transport. Road case racks come in different heights based on the 1U standard and different depths. Non-isolated cases simply mount 19-inch mounting posts inside the case. To protect equipment from shock and vibration road rack cases use an inner and outer case. These cases can be isolated by thick layers of foam or may use spring-loaded shock mounting. Touring musicians, theatrical productions and sound and light companies use road case racks.
958:
680:
cases is maintained by the rack rails and the cover seal extrusions alone. Larger cases are further reinforced with additional plywood or sheet metal. The outer shell is frequently embossed in a self-mating pattern to combat the tendency for stacked cases to deform slightly creating a slope that encourages the upper case to slide off. The cases typically use extruded aluminum bands at the ends of the body with tongue-and-groove mating to like bands for the covers. End covers are typically secured with either a simple draw latch or a rotary cam
146:
356:
479:
and the equipment then slides into the rack along the rails, which support it. When in place, the equipment may also then be bolted to the rack. The rails may also be able to fully support the equipment in a position where it has been slid clear of the rack; this is useful for inspection or maintenance of equipment which will then be slid back into the rack. Some rack slides even include a tilt mechanism allowing easy access to the top or bottom of rack-mounted equipment when it is fully extended from the rack.
609:
1029:
1216:
348:
983:
736:
161:. The earliest repeaters from 1914 were installed in ad hoc fashion on shelves, in wooden boxes and cabinets. Once serial production started, they were built into custom-made racks, one per repeater. But in light of the rapid growth of the toll network, the engineering department of AT&T undertook a systematic redesign, resulting in a family of modular factory-assembled panels all "designed to mount on vertical supports spaced 19
1135:(PCB) cards that can be plugged together into a standard chassis which, in turn, can be mounted in a 19-inch rack. The chassis consists of a series of slotted card guides on the top and bottom, into which the cards are slid so they stand on end, like books on a shelf. At the spine of each card is one or more connectors which plug into mating connectors on a backplane that closes the rear of the chassis. Several standards such as
569:
rails allowing the user to place the rails at a shorter depth if needed. There are a multitude of specialty server racks including soundproof server racks, air-conditioned server racks, NEMA-rated, seismic-rated, open frame, narrow, and even miniature 19-inch racks for smaller applications. Cabinets are generally sized to be no wider than the standard 24-inch-wide (610 mm) floor tiles used in most data centers.
2732:
40:
1165:
868:) standing vertically. The posts are each 0.625 inches (15.88 mm) wide, and are separated by a gap of 17.75 inches (450.85 mm), giving an overall rack width of 19 inches (482.60 mm). The posts have holes in them at regular intervals, with both posts matching, so that each hole is part of a horizontal pair with a center-to-center distance of 18.312 inches (465.12 mm).
503:
2008:
568:
19-inch server racks can vary in quality. A standard 19-inch server rack cabinet is typically 42u in height, 600 millimetres (24 in) wide, and 36 inches (914.40 mm) deep. This comprises a volume of 974 L, or just under a cubic meter. Newer server rack cabinets come with adjustable mounting
478:
Heavy equipment or equipment that is commonly accessed for servicing, for which attaching or detaching at all four corners simultaneously would pose a problem, is often not mounted directly onto the rack but instead is mounted via rails (or slides). A pair of rails is mounted directly onto the rack,
1019:
In contrast to the 19-inch standards, ETSI also defined the size of the rack enclosure: the four allowed widths are 150, 300, 600, 900 millimetres (5.9, 11.8, 23.6, 35.4 in) and two allowed depths are 300 and 600 millimetres (12 and 24 in). Hole spacing is 25
901:
Racks are vertically divided into regions, 44.45 millimetres (1.75 in) in height. Each region has three complete hole pairs on each side. The holes are centered at 6.35 millimetres (0.25 in), 22.25 millimetres (0.88 in), and 38.15 millimetres (1.50 in) from the top or bottom of
595:
provide two vertical posts. These posts are typically heavy gauge metal or extruded aluminum. A top bar and wide foot connect the posts and allow the rack to be securely attached to the floor and/or roof for seismic safety. Equipment can be mounted either close to its center of gravity (to minimize
412:
A key structural weakness of front-mounted support is the bending stress placed on the mounting brackets of the equipment, and the rack itself. As a result, 4-post racks have become common, featuring a mirrored pair of rear mounting posts. Since the spacing between the front and rear mounting posts
517:
The server itself might have locking pins on the sides that just drop into slots on the extended rail assembly, in a manner similar to a removable kitchen drawer. This permits very easy server installation and removal since there is no need for the server to be held in midair while someone fastens
404:
Rack-mountable equipment is traditionally mounted by bolting or clipping its front panel to the rack. Within the IT industry, it is common for network/communications equipment to have multiple mounting positions, including tabletop and wall mounting, so rack-mountable equipment will often feature
679:
outer shell are a lower-cost alternative to the more durable ATA-approved case. These cases are marketed to musicians and entertainers for equipment not subject to frequent transportation and rough handling. The polyethylene shell is not fiberglass reinforced and is not rigid. The shape of small
395:
The next innovation in rack design has been the square-hole rack. Square-hole racks allow boltless mounting, such that the rack-mount equipment only needs to insert through and hook down into the lip of the square hole. Installation and removal of hardware in a square-hole rack is very easy and
521:
Some manufacturers of rack-mount hardware include a folding cable tray behind the server, so that the cables are held into a neat and tidy folded channel when inside the rack, but can unfold out into a long strip when pulled out of the rack, allowing the server to continue to be plugged in and
451:
Generic
Requirements document GR-63-CORE, during an earthquake, telecommunications equipment is subjected to motions that can over-stress equipment framework, circuit boards, and connectors. The amount of motion and resulting stress depends on the structural characteristics of the building and
420:
Although there is no standard for the depth of equipment, nor specifying the outer width and depth of the rack enclosure itself (incorporating the structure, doors and panels that contain the mounting rails), there is a tendency for 4-post racks to be 600 mm (23.62 in) or 800 mm
714:
Large server rooms will often group rack cabinets together so that racks on both sides of an aisle are either front-facing or rear-facing, which simplifies cooling by supplying cool air to the front of the racks and collecting hot air from the rear of the racks. These aisles may themselves be
532:
indicators on both sides of the server (which can be turned on in software or by pushing an associated button). Since some configurations permit over fifty 1U servers in a single rack, this provides a simple method to determine exactly which machine is having a problem when at the rear of the
383:
Threaded mounting holes in racks where the equipment is frequently changed are problematic because the threads can be damaged or the mounting screws can break off; both problems render the mounting hole unusable. Tapping large numbers of holes that may never be used is expensive; nonetheless,
416:
Servers and deep pieces of equipment are often mounted using rails that are bolted to the front and rear posts (as above, it is common for such rails to have an adjustable depth), allowing the equipment to be supported by four posts, while also enabling it to be easily installed and removed.
722:
A difficulty with forced air fan cooling in rack equipment is that fans can fail due to age or dust. The fans themselves can be difficult to replace. In the case of network equipment, it may be necessary to unplug 50 or more cables from the device, remove the device from the rack, and then
698:
There is no standard for airflow and cooling of rack-mounted equipment. A variety of airflow patterns can be found, including front intakes and rear exhausts, as well as side intakes and exhausts. Low-wattage devices may not employ active cooling, but use only passive thermal radiation and
973:
Frames for holding rotary-dial telephone equipment such as step-by-step telephone switches were generally 11 feet 6 inches (3.51 m) high. A series of studies led to the adoption of frames 7 feet (2.1 m) high, with modular widths in multiples of 1 foot 1 inch
726:
However, some rack equipment has been designed to make fan replacement easy, using quick-change fan trays that can be accessed without removing the cabling or the device from the rack, and in some cases without turning off the device so that operation is uninterrupted during replacement.
413:
may differ between rack vendors and/or the configuration of the rack (some racks may incorporate front and rear rails that may be moved forwards and backward, e.g. APC SX-range racks), it is common for equipment that features 4-post mounting brackets to have an adjustable rear bracket.
943:
The height of a rack can vary from a few inches, such as in a broadcast console, to a floor-mounted rack whose interior is 45 rack units (200.2 centimetres or 78.82 inches) high. 42U is a common configuration. Many wall-mounted enclosures for industrial equipment use 19-inch racks.
211:
The 19-inch rack format has remained constant while the technology that is mounted within it has changed considerably and the set of fields to which racks are applied has greatly expanded. The 19-inch (482.6 mm) standard rack arrangement is widely used throughout the
871:
The holes in the posts are arranged vertically in repeating sets of three, with center-to-center separations of 0.5 inches (12.70 mm), 0.625 inches (15.88 mm), 0.625 inches (15.88 mm). The hole pattern thus repeats every 1.75 inches (44.45 mm).
396:
boltless, where the weight of the equipment and small retention clips are all that is necessary to hold the equipment in place. Older equipment meant for round-hole or tapped-hole racks can still be used, with the use of cage nuts made for square-hole racks.
280:(1970s) for use in electronics and scientific laboratories. Typically for rack-mounted devices, the width of the front panel exceeds the width of the device itself, which provides the overlap zone (including screw holes) with the left and right rack rails.
387:
The tapped-hole rack was first replaced by clearance-hole (Round Hole, Round
Unthreaded Holes, and Versa Rail) racks. The holes are large enough to permit a bolt to be freely inserted through without binding, and bolts are fastened in place using
710:
Although open-frame racks are the least expensive, they also expose air-cooled equipment to dust, lint, and other environmental contamination. An enclosed sealed cabinet with forced air fans permits air filtration to protect equipment from dust.
583:
allow for mounting rails to support the equipment at the front and rear. These racks may be open in construction without sides or doors or may be enclosed by front and/or rear doors, side panels, and tops. Most data centers use four-post racks.
998:(ETS 300 119). The distance of the right edge of the right mounting rail to the left edge of the left mounting rail is 535 millimetres (21.1 in). As 535 mm is very close to 21 inches, these racks are sometimes called
3402:
654:
19-inch rackmount case was patented by ECS Composites and became widely used in military and commercial applications for electronic deployment and operation. Rackmount cases are also constructed of thermo-stamped composite,
706:
For rack-mounted computer servers, devices generally intake air on the front and exhaust on the rear. This prevents circular airflows where hot exhaust air is recirculated through an adjacent device and causes overheating.
490:
often need to be purchased directly from the equipment manufacturer, as there is no standardization on such equipment's thickness (measurement from the side of the rack to the equipment) or means for mounting to the rail.
939:
Occasionally, one may see fractional U devices such as a 1.5U server or devices that are just 22.5 or 15 cm in width, allowing for 2 or 3 such devices to be installed side by side, but these are much less common.
551:
Since the mounting hole arrangement is vertically symmetric, it is possible to mount rack-mountable equipment upside-down. However, not all equipment is suitable for this type of mounting. For instance, most
51:
is a standardized frame or enclosure for mounting multiple electronic equipment modules. Each module has a front panel that is 19 inches (482.6 mm) wide. The 19 inch dimension includes the edges or
384:
tapped-hole racks are still in use, generally for hardware that rarely changes. Examples include telephone exchanges, network cabling panels, broadcast studios and some government and military applications.
432:
The strength required of the mounting posts means they are invariably not merely flat strips but actually a wider folded strip arranged around the corner of the rack. The posts are usually made of
522:
operating normally even while fully extended and hanging in mid-air in front of the rack. This piece of equipment thus simplifies maintenance but at the cost of providing a restriction to airflow.
494:
A rails kit may include a cable management arm (CMA), which folds the cables attached to the server and allows them to expand neatly when the server is slid out, without being disconnected.
313:
inch (0.031 in; 0.79 mm) less than the allotted number of Us. Thus, a 1U rackmount computer is not 1.750 inches (44.5 mm) tall but is 1.719 inches (43.7 mm) tall. If
1095:
OpenVPX is an industry standard for modules that can be installed in chassis in defense applications. The modules can provide a variety of functions, similarly to equipment in a rack.
715:
enclosed into a cold air containment tunnel so that cooling air does not travel to other parts of the building where it is not needed or mixes with hot air, making it less efficient.
1654:
1552:
392:. In the event of a nut being stripped out or a bolt breaking, the nut can be easily removed and replaced with a new one. Production of clearance-hole racks is less expensive.
3272:
1957:
339:
for calculating in millimeters. This gap allows a bit of room above and below an installed piece of equipment so it may be removed without binding on the adjacent equipment.
1059:
Hole spacing is either on 1-inch (25 mm) centers (Western
Electric standard), or the same as for 19-inch (482.6 mm) racks (0.625 in or 15.9 mm spacing).
409:
in the
Telecoms industry, the same practice is also common, but with equipment having 19-inch and 23-inch brackets available, enabling them to be mounted in existing racks.
443:
Racks, especially two-post racks, are often secured to the floor or adjacent building structure so as not to fall over. This is usually required by local building codes in
3267:
719:
cooling in server rooms can serve a similar purpose; they permit cooling airflow to equipment through the underfloor space to the underside of enclosed rack cabinets.
153:
The 19-inch rack format with rack-units of 1.75 inches (44.45 mm) was established as a standard by AT&T around 1922 in order to reduce the space required for
1176:
1203:
1191:
2769:
995:
600:
name comes from early two-post racks which housed telephone relay and switching equipment. Two-post racks are most often used for telecommunication installations.
1081:
that has the same outside dimensions as typical 19-inch racks (e.g. 600 mm width), but supports wider equipment modules of 547 millimetres (21.5 in).
201:
540:
When there is a large number of computers in a single rack, it is impractical for each one to have its own separate keyboard, mouse, and monitor. Instead, a
525:
Rack-optimized servers might duplicate indicator lights on the front and rear of the rack to help identify a machine needing attention or provide separate
1636:
1573:
269:
3626:
759:
380:
can be used, and when the particular class of equipment to be mounted is known in advance, some of the holes can be omitted from the mounting rails.
2040:
928:. Heights within racks are measured by this unit. Rack-mountable equipment is usually designed to occupy some integer number of U. For example, an
965:
Some telecommunications and networking equipment is available in a narrower 10-inch format with the same unit height as a standard 19-inch rack.
1052:, and other equipment though is less common than the 19-inch rack. The size denotes the width of the faceplate for the installed equipment. The
3076:
56:
that protrude from each side of the equipment, allowing the module to be fastened to the rack frame with screws or bolts. Common uses include
1920:
1469:
3377:
631:
514:
The sliding rails can lock in various extended positions to prevent the equipment from moving when extended out from the rack for service.
2762:
204:, setting the standard U as 15.875 mm (0.625 in) + 15.875 mm (0.625 in) + 12.7 mm (0.500 in), making each
158:
266:
typically use wider racks. They allow for dense hardware configurations without occupying excessive floor space or requiring shelving.
1650:
1548:
1144:
463:
244:
1290:
453:
825:
2049:
1122:
753:
221:
124:
or U (less commonly RU). The industry-standard rack cabinet is 42U tall; however, many data centers have racks taller than this.
429:(PDUs) and vertical cable managers and ducts, that utilize the space between the rear rails and the side of the rack enclosure.
1215:
572:
Racks carrying telecom equipment like routers and switches often have extra width to accommodate the many cables on the sides.
536:
A handle may be provided at the rear of the server rails, to help pull or push the server without having to pull on the cables.
510:
Computer servers designed for rack-mounting can include a number of extra features to make the server easy to use in the rack:
1778:
Keller, A. C. (January 1964). "Recent
Developments in Bell System Relays — Particularly Sealed Contact and Miniature Relays".
3522:
2755:
767:
Mechanical structures for electronic equipment - Dimensions of mechanical structures of the 482,6 mm (19 in) series
747:
277:
1731:
1315:
3652:
3282:
2812:
2736:
1706:
620:. The racks each have large heavy-duty rollers. This is typical for relatively impromptu venues such as open-air concerts.
3662:
2033:
61:
405:
L-brackets that must be screwed or bolted to the equipment prior to mounting in a 19-inch rack. With the prevalence of
171:
inches between centers. The height of the different panels will vary,... but... in all cases to be a whole multiple of
3667:
3647:
213:
750:
EIA-310-D, Cabinets, Racks, Panels, and
Associated Equipment, dated September 1992. (Latest Standard Now REV E 1996)
452:
framework in which the equipment is contained and the severity of the earthquake. Seismic racks rated according to
3197:
3192:
2894:
2822:
2480:
1910:
617:
1016:
inches (438.15 mm), they can easily be mounted in an ETSI rack by means of an ETSI bracket or adapter plate.
957:
436:
of around 2 mm thickness (the official standard recommends a minimum of 1.9 mm), or of slightly thicker
1991:
1851:
1682:
297:
1164:
3657:
3547:
651:
120:. The height of the electronic modules is also standardized as multiples of 1.75 inches (44.45 mm) or one
2012:
1577:
835:
Equipment practices for electronic equipment; mechanical structures of the 482,6 mm (19 inch) series
355:
145:
1819:
3187:
2717:
2528:
2140:
2026:
1002:. The gap between the posts is 500 millimetres (19.69 in). As 19-inch equipment has a maximum width of
876:
426:
193:
2490:
2190:
545:
448:
1113:, an electronic music instrument. This is achieved with a rack mounting system specific to the standard.
3327:
3217:
2778:
2700:
2673:
2533:
2495:
2438:
2262:
1965:
1132:
197:
1837:
1536:
3595:
3562:
3427:
2996:
2448:
2428:
2370:
2279:
2100:
2053:
1256:
1182:
1078:
263:
77:
1549:"Telcordia GR-1502-CORE, Central Office/Network Environment Detail Engineering Generic Requirements"
1304:
Racks are measured in rack units (RU or U) with the industry standard being 42U tall — about 6 feet.
624:
19-inch equipment that needs to be moved often or protected from harsh treatment can be housed in a
3527:
2523:
2230:
1651:"Telcordia GR-3108-CORE, NEBS Requirements for Telecommunications Data Center Equipment and Spaces"
1110:
1028:
284:
Nineteen-inch racks are also often used to house professional audio and video equipment, including
65:
1328:
3502:
3482:
2705:
2642:
2365:
2202:
2135:
2095:
2077:
639:
487:
139:
73:
1484:
1109:
Eurorack is a standard generally used in electronic music production to install components of a
756:
CEA-310-E design requirements for
Cabinets, Panels, Racks and Subracks., dated December 14, 2005
296:
amplifiers, and even small-scale audio mixers. A third common use for rack-mounted equipment is
1391:. Vol. 2, no. 3. New York: American Telephone and Telegraph Company. pp. 112–140
982:
2693:
2647:
2621:
2608:
2543:
2274:
2257:
2185:
2105:
1916:
1637:"APC Netshelter SX, Server Rack Enclosure, 42U, Black, 1991H x 600W x 1070D mm - APC Thailand"
1465:
1357:
1286:
1278:
548:
software is used to share a single keyboard/video/mouse set amongst many different computers.
347:
359:
A typical section of 19-inch (482.6 mm) server rack rail, dimensions noted in mm (exact)
196:
with alternating spacings of 1.25 inches (31.75 mm) and 0.5 inches (12.70 mm) The
3152:
2568:
2551:
2331:
2252:
2245:
1877:
1787:
1240:
932:
might be 4U high. Rack-mountable computers and servers are mostly between 1U and 4U high. A
693:
233:
57:
735:
3382:
2688:
2678:
2668:
2505:
2485:
2397:
2197:
2170:
1978:
1364:. Vol. 4, no. 9. Chicago: The Railroad Gazette. September 1911. pp. 344–345
1033:
743:
The formal standards for a 19-inch (482.6 mm) rack are available from the following:
613:
608:
377:
351:
A typical section of 19-inch (482.6 mm) server rack rail, dimensions noted in US inch
1316:
https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/servers/data-center-racks-getting-taller-wider-deeper
1329:"The New Exchange of the Central New York Telephone and Telegraph Co. at Syracuse, N.Y."
2637:
2267:
2240:
2115:
2085:
1791:
1488:
557:
142:. There is little evidence that the dimensions of these early racks were standardized.
1434:
924:
830:
DIN 41494 - Multiple documents in German but some documents are available in
English.
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2180:
2175:
2120:
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880:
860:
A rack's mounting fixture consists of two parallel metal strips (also referred to as
369:
229:
31:
816:
IEC 60297-5 Multiple documents, -100, 101, 102, ... 107, replaced by IEC 60297-3-101
250:
Nineteen-inch racks in two-post or four-post form hold most equipment in enterprise
3552:
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3212:
3207:
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1519:
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1250:
933:
929:
779:
Part 3-100: Basic dimensions of front panels, subracks, chassis, racks and cabinets
716:
676:
656:
553:
289:
274:
251:
236:
803:
Part 3-104: Connector dependent interface dimensions of subracks and plug-in units
39:
1739:
1459:
1056:
is a measure of vertical spacing and is common to both the 19 and 23-inch racks.
3127:
2919:
2889:
2882:
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2443:
2375:
2214:
2207:
2130:
2110:
1235:
259:
189:
69:
1895:
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1710:
1461:
The
Datacenter as a Computer: Designing Warehouse-Scale Machines, Third Edition
3497:
3422:
3337:
3277:
2590:
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2515:
2475:
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1992:
https://www.tvtechnology.com/equipment/opengear-celebrates-15-years-of-success
1622:
1603:
700:
541:
502:
483:
444:
2018:
1410:
Mezger, G. Robert (November 1934). "The Relay Rack in
Amateur Construction".
3610:
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132:
121:
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1458:
Barroso, Luiz André; Hölzle, Urs; Ranganathan, Parthasarathy (2018-10-29).
2007:
1384:
482:
Slides or rails for computers and other data processing equipment such as
3462:
3036:
3016:
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2862:
2807:
2500:
2433:
2311:
2294:
2235:
2125:
1881:
1104:
1074:
1045:
884:
437:
389:
303:
Typically, a piece of equipment being installed has a front panel height
217:
154:
17:
1036:
and the 1998 working replica (pictured) were mounted on 23-inch racking.
596:
load on its front panel), or via the equipment's front panel holes. The
460:
are available, with Zone 4 representing the most demanding environment.
3487:
3452:
3442:
3011:
2924:
2410:
2380:
2284:
1675:
1147:, openGear and others were developed, which share goals with Eurocard.
974:(0.33 m)—most often 2 feet 2 inches (0.66 m) wide.
239:, with holes on 1-inch (25.4 mm) centers, is still used in legacy
468:
Generic Requirements for Network Equipment in the Outside Plant (OSP),
3517:
3512:
3507:
3417:
3357:
3347:
3342:
3332:
3292:
3242:
2340:
1140:
1136:
664:
660:
372:
with a particular screw thread. When rack rails are too thin to tap,
88:
Equipment designed to be placed in a rack is typically described as
3367:
762:- Multiple documents are available in French and English versions.
3247:
3237:
3232:
3222:
3132:
3061:
2563:
1936:
1049:
1027:
981:
956:
734:
607:
501:
433:
354:
346:
268:
225:
144:
739:
Computer keyboard and monitor mounted on a sliding tray in a rack
470:
specifies the usable opening of seismic-compliant 19-inch racks.
3392:
3307:
2904:
2747:
1128:
240:
2751:
2022:
317:
is number of rack units, the ideal formula for panel height is
3086:
1285:(Seventh ed.). Boston, MA: Engage Learning. p. 169.
1090:
529:
255:
1806:
The Manchester Baby : The First Stored Program Computer
1537:
Telcordia GR-63-CORE, NEBS Requirements: Physical Protection
1574:"Seismic Enclosures Provide an Extra Measure of Protection"
848:
Components on front panels; mounting conditions, dimensions
638:. Road cases typically have plywood sides laminated with
809:
Part 3-105: Dimensions and design aspects for 1U chassis
961:
Comparison between 10-inch and 19-inch rack dimensions.
875:
Holes so arranged can either be tapped (usually 10-32
556:
players will not work upside-down because the driving
723:
disassemble the device chassis to replace the fans.
3619:
3120:
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2514:
2419:
2396:
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188:By 1934, it was an established standard with holes
1209:Wikimedia Foundation servers as seen from the rear
1197:Wikimedia Foundation servers as seen from the rear
298:industrial power, control, and automation hardware
258:facilities, and professionally designed corporate
1491:, documents a relay rack made in 1965; Nov. 2011.
1040:A 23-inch (580 mm) rack is used for housing
902:the region. Such a region is commonly known as a
785:Part 3-101: Subracks and associated plug-in units
518:each rail to the sides of the server with screws.
157:and termination equipment in a telephone company
1958:"Upgrade of The Isis Pre-Injector EHT Generator"
1277:West, Jill; Dean, Tamara; Andrews, Jean (2015).
684:latch, named for the shape of the twist handle.
996:European Telecommunications Standards Institute
1852:"9 things every Eurorack beginner should know"
1414:. American Radio Relay League. pp. 27–30.
852:DIN IEC 60297-3-100 (see above in IEC section)
2763:
2034:
1385:"Telephone Equipment for Long Cable Circuits"
506:Example of 19-inch computer rack with servers
200:was revised again in 1992 to comply with the
27:Standard width frame for electronic equipment
8:
1909:Anderson, Alexander John (25 October 2020).
1618:Electronic Assembly Chassis Supporting Track
1358:"New Electric Interlocking at Allentown, PA"
1279:"Structured Cabling and Networking Elements"
823:
1820:"Open Rack 1.0 Specification Available Now"
1073:Open Rack is a mounting system designed by
2770:
2756:
2748:
2336:
2160:
2073:
2066:
2041:
2027:
2019:
841:Dimensions of cabinets and suites of racks
675:Portable rack cases using a rotary-molded
3627:International Electrotechnical Commission
1838:"OpenVPX — from Concept to Specification"
760:International Electrotechnical Commission
138:By 1911, the term was also being used in
646:Fiberglass-reinforced plastic case racks
38:
30:"Rack-mounted" redirects here. See also
1269:
1160:
813:IEC 60297-4 Replaced by IEC 60297-3-102
774:IEC 60297-2 Replaced by IEC 60297-3-100
771:IEC 60297-1 Replaced by IEC 60297-3-100
634:(ATA), sometimes also referred to as a
458:NEBS Requirements: Physical Protection,
1974:
1963:
1761:"The Server Rack FAQ - Define EIA-310"
406:
791:Part 3-102: Injector/extractor handle
7:
1464:. Morgan & Claypool Publishers.
797:Part 3-103: Keying and alignment pin
632:Air Transport Association of America
368:Originally, the mounting holes were
1327:Lowenthal, Max (February 2, 1899).
1956:Barratt, P.; Lloyd, R. D. (1998).
1912:Foundations of Computer Technology
1792:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1964.tb04057.x
1489:The University of Iowa's DEC PDP-8
1383:Demarest, Charles S. (July 1923).
1221:19-inch racks with video equipment
1145:PCI eXtensions for Instrumentation
667:for military and commercial uses.
560:mechanism does not grip the disc.
208:44.45 millimetres (1.75 in).
25:
232:and other industries, though the
2731:
2730:
2006:
1214:
1202:
1190:
1175:
1170:A server rack seen from the rear
1163:
1123:Eurocard (printed circuit board)
754:Consumer Electronics Association
149:Telephone equipment racks (1923)
1732:"Data Center Cooling | Pentair"
1688:from the original on 2022-10-09
1657:from the original on 2009-08-28
1555:from the original on 2011-07-16
694:Computer cooling § Servers
328:for calculating in inches, and
131:appeared first in the world of
1185:servers as seen from the front
826:Deutsches Institut für Normung
748:Electronic Industries Alliance
671:Polyethylene molded case racks
1:
1389:Bell System Technical Journal
1139:(Versa Module Eurocard bus),
936:enclosure might require 10U.
1896:"IEEE Standards Association"
1709:. Anvil Case. Archived from
1020:millimetres (0.98 in).
879:thread, or, less often, 6mm
62:telecommunications equipment
1780:Bell Labs Technical Journal
1707:"Standard Rack Mount Cases"
1259:, wider, deeper rack design
883:) or have square holes for
3684:
2481:Personal digital assistant
1283:Network+ Guide to Networks
1155:Pictures of 19-inch racks
1120:
1102:
1088:
1066:
894:
691:
618:sound reinforcement system
43:A full-height rack cabinet
29:
2726:
1502:"Define: Rack Hole Types"
116:, or occasionally simply
1866:"Eurocard bus standards"
652:fiber-reinforced plastic
427:power distribution units
2718:Wireless sensor network
1626:, granted Oct. 8, 1957.
1607:, granted June 4, 1963.
1599:Chassis Slide Mechanism
1332:The Electrical Engineer
986:Racks: 19-inch and ETSI
576:Four-post cabinet racks
202:1988 public law 100-418
2491:Portable data terminal
1973:Cite journal requires
1520:"What is a Versa Rail"
1435:"Open Compute Project"
1037:
987:
962:
824:
740:
621:
507:
449:Telcordia Technologies
360:
352:
281:
150:
44:
2674:Information appliance
2496:Portable media player
2439:Handheld game console
1870:Electronics and Power
1676:"Aluminum Relay Rack"
1623:U.S. patent 2,809,085
1604:U.S. patent 3,092,429
1133:printed circuit board
1031:
985:
960:
738:
717:Raised or false floor
611:
505:
425:accessories, such as
358:
350:
273:A professional-grade
272:
148:
94:rack-mount instrument
42:
3653:Mechanical standards
2449:Mobile data terminal
2429:Electronic organizer
2101:Intelligent terminal
2015:at Wikimedia Commons
1882:10.1049/ep.1983.0192
1439:Open Compute Project
1257:Open Compute Project
1183:Wikimedia Foundation
1131:standard format for
1079:Open Compute Project
588:Two-post relay racks
264:hyperscale computing
84:Overview and history
78:scientific equipment
3663:American inventions
1736:schroff.pentair.com
1597:William B. George,
1424:ANSI/EIA-310-D-1992
1362:The Signal Engineer
1111:modular synthesizer
703:to dissipate heat.
650:In 1965, a durable
612:Rack-mounted audio
604:ATA road case racks
98:rack-mounted system
66:networking hardware
3668:1922 introductions
3648:Computer enclosure
2706:Computer-on-module
2564:Digital wristwatch
2366:Mobile workstation
2136:Video game console
2096:Internet appliance
1854:. 9 February 2022.
1767:. 12 October 2007.
1681:. Bud Industries.
1616:Scott F. Herbert,
1526:. 15 October 2007.
1508:. 14 October 2007.
1038:
1032:The 1948 original
994:is defined by the
988:
963:
741:
640:polyvinyl chloride
622:
508:
400:Structural support
361:
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343:Equipment mounting
282:
214:telecommunications
151:
140:railroad signaling
102:rack-mount chassis
74:professional audio
45:
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2694:Rugged smartphone
2603:
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2326:
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2321:
2280:Small form factor
2106:Interactive kiosk
2011:Media related to
1922:978-1-000-15371-2
1840:. September 2010.
1485:The Computer Rack
1471:978-1-68173-434-7
948:Related standards
498:Computer mounting
72:production gear,
16:(Redirected from
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2569:Calculator watch
2552:Activity tracker
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1876:(6): 453. 1983.
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807:IEC 60297-3-105
801:IEC 60297-3-104
795:IEC 60297-3-103
789:IEC 60297-3-102
783:IEC 60297-3-101
777:IEC 60297-3-100
630:approved by the
614:power amplifiers
378:threaded inserts
338:
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237:23-inch standard
234:Western Electric
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58:computer servers
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2679:Microcontroller
2669:Embedded system
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2001:External links
1999:
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278:Tektronix 7603
159:central office
114:rack-mountable
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2122:
2121:Smart speaker
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2091:Diskless node
2089:
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2025:
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2021:
2014:
2009:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1993:
1988:
1985:
1980:
1967:
1959:
1952:
1949:
1938:
1937:"VMEbus FAQa"
1932:
1929:
1924:
1918:
1915:. CRC Press.
1914:
1913:
1905:
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1762:
1756:
1753:
1742:on 2017-08-27
1741:
1737:
1733:
1727:
1724:
1713:on 2018-02-26
1712:
1708:
1702:
1699:
1684:
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1594:
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1580:on 2009-01-13
1579:
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1044:(primarily),
1043:
1035:
1030:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1001:
1000:21-inch racks
997:
993:
984:
977:
975:
969:11-foot frame
968:
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469:
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455:
450:
446:
445:seismic zones
441:
439:
435:
430:
428:
424:
418:
414:
410:
408:
407:23-inch racks
399:
397:
393:
391:
385:
381:
379:
375:
371:
363:
357:
349:
342:
340:
336:
332:
325:
321:
316:
301:
299:
295:
291:
290:effects units
287:
279:
276:
271:
267:
265:
261:
257:
253:
248:
246:
242:
238:
235:
231:
230:entertainment
227:
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215:
209:
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199:
195:
191:
186:
160:
156:
147:
143:
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95:
91:
83:
81:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
50:
41:
37:
33:
32:Industrial PC
19:
3563:27000-series
2837:
2701:Single-board
2586:Smartglasses
2529:Programmable
2454:Mobile phone
2307:Blade server
2301:
2146:Microconsole
2141:Home console
1987:
1966:cite journal
1951:
1940:. Retrieved
1931:
1911:
1904:
1890:
1873:
1869:
1860:
1846:
1832:
1824:Open Compute
1823:
1814:
1805:
1800:
1783:
1779:
1773:
1764:
1755:
1744:. Retrieved
1740:the original
1735:
1726:
1715:. Retrieved
1711:the original
1701:
1690:. Retrieved
1670:
1659:. Retrieved
1645:
1631:
1617:
1612:
1598:
1593:
1582:. Retrieved
1578:the original
1568:
1557:. Retrieved
1543:
1532:
1523:
1514:
1505:
1496:
1480:
1460:
1453:
1442:. Retrieved
1438:
1429:
1420:
1411:
1405:
1393:. Retrieved
1388:
1378:
1366:. Retrieved
1361:
1352:
1340:. Retrieved
1335:
1331:
1322:
1311:
1303:
1296:. Retrieved
1282:
1272:
1251:Transit case
1154:
1126:
1108:
1094:
1072:
1058:
1039:
1024:23-inch rack
1018:
999:
991:
989:
972:
964:
953:10-inch rack
942:
938:
934:blade server
930:oscilloscope
925:Höheneinheit
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
900:
874:
870:
866:panel mounts
865:
861:
859:
847:
846:DIN 41494-8
840:
839:DIN 41494-7
834:
808:
802:
796:
790:
784:
778:
766:
742:
725:
721:
713:
709:
705:
697:
681:
677:polyethylene
674:
657:carbon fiber
649:
635:
625:
623:
597:
592:
591:
580:
579:
571:
567:
554:optical disc
550:
539:
526:
509:
493:
481:
477:
467:
462:
457:
442:
431:
422:
419:
415:
411:
403:
394:
386:
382:
367:
334:
330:
323:
319:
314:
302:
283:
275:oscilloscope
260:server rooms
252:data centers
249:
247:facilities.
210:
205:
198:EIA standard
194:12-24 screws
187:
152:
137:
128:
126:
117:
113:
110:rack cabinet
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
87:
53:
49:19-inch rack
48:
46:
36:
2444:Handheld PC
2376:Subnotebook
2354:Convertible
2215:Workstation
2208:Home server
2131:Thin client
2111:Rich client
1487:section of
1236:Data center
636:flight case
598:Relay Racks
484:disk arrays
262:, although
70:audiovisual
3642:Categories
2591:Smart ring
2579:Sportwatch
2574:Smartwatch
2557:Smart band
2534:Scientific
2516:Calculator
2476:Palmtop PC
2469:Smartphone
2406:Detachable
2231:All-in-one
2181:Industrial
2078:Appliances
1942:2023-01-17
1746:2017-08-27
1717:2017-12-26
1692:2017-12-26
1661:2009-07-24
1584:2007-10-29
1559:2009-07-27
1444:2024-03-01
1395:9 December
1368:9 December
1342:9 December
1298:9 December
1264:References
833:DIN 41494
765:IEC 60297
701:convection
564:Rack types
542:KVM switch
374:rivet nuts
286:amplifiers
129:relay rack
90:rack-mount
2713:Smartdust
2648:Minisuper
2643:Mainframe
2622:Supermini
2386:Smartbook
2361:Cloudbook
2263:Pizza box
2157:Computers
2116:Simulator
2013:19"-Racks
1786:: 15–44.
1246:Rack unit
1069:Open Rack
1063:Open Rack
1054:rack unit
1042:telephone
992:ETSI rack
978:ETSI rack
916:rack unit
897:Rack unit
891:Rack unit
885:cage nuts
682:butterfly
627:road case
390:cage nuts
376:or other
364:Fastening
294:headphone
218:computing
185:inches."
133:telephony
127:The term
122:rack unit
18:Rackmount
2737:Category
2609:Midrange
2544:Wearable
2524:Graphing
2501:Siftable
2434:E-reader
2421:Handheld
2371:Notebook
2312:Blade PC
2295:Stick PC
2275:Portable
2258:Deskside
2241:Tabletop
2186:Personal
2126:Smart TV
1683:Archived
1655:Archived
1553:Archived
1230:See also
1117:Eurocard
1105:Eurorack
1099:Eurorack
1075:Facebook
1046:computer
527:identify
438:aluminum
155:repeater
3620:Related
3333:13522-5
3121:ISO/IEC
3012:62014-4
2925:61131-9
2920:61131-3
2890:60906-1
2883:60870-6
2878:60870-5
2464:Feature
2411:Phablet
2381:Netbook
2285:Mini PC
2253:Desktop
2246:Surface
2224:By size
2054:classes
1151:Gallery
1085:OpenVPX
1011:⁄
688:Cooling
488:routers
464:GR-3108
337:− 0.794
333:= 44.45
326:− 0.031
308:⁄
180:⁄
166:⁄
106:subrack
2735:
2689:Rugged
2662:Others
2486:Pocket
2459:Camera
2398:Tablet
2349:2-in-1
2341:Laptop
2332:Mobile
2203:Server
2198:Public
2171:Gaming
2164:By use
2070:Static
1919:
1468:
1289:
1141:STEbus
1137:VMEbus
922:, for
906:, for
881:metric
665:Kevlar
661:DuPont
659:, and
423:zero-U
370:tapped
322:= 1.75
190:tapped
3611:81346
3606:80000
3601:42010
3596:39075
3591:38500
3586:33001
3581:29119
3577:29110
3573:27040
3568:27002
3558:27000
3553:26300
3548:24752
3543:24744
3538:24727
3533:24707
3528:23360
3523:23270
3518:23008
3513:23003
3508:23000
3503:22537
3498:22275
3493:21827
3488:21000
3483:20802
3478:20000
3473:19788
3468:19770
3463:19757
3458:19752
3453:18181
3448:18014
3443:18004
3438:17025
3433:17024
3428:16485
3423:16262
3418:15938
3413:15897
3408:15693
3403:15511
3398:15504
3393:15445
3388:15444
3383:15408
3378:15291
3373:15288
3368:14882
3363:14651
3358:14496
3353:14443
3348:13818
3343:13816
3338:13568
3328:13346
3323:13250
3318:12207
3313:11801
3308:11544
3303:11404
3298:11179
3293:11172
3288:10967
3283:10646
3278:10279
3273:10179
3268:10165
3263:10116
3258:10021
3112:63382
3107:63119
3102:63110
3097:62700
3092:62682
3087:62680
3082:62455
3077:62386
3072:62379
3067:62366
3062:62365
3057:62351
3052:62325
3047:62304
3042:62264
3037:62262
3032:62196
3027:62061
3022:62056
3017:62026
3007:61970
3002:61968
2997:61960
2992:61883
2987:61851
2982:61850
2977:61784
2972:61511
2967:61508
2962:61499
2957:61400
2952:61360
2947:61355
2942:61334
2937:61162
2932:61158
2915:61131
2910:61030
2905:60958
2900:60929
2895:60908
2873:60870
2868:60601
2863:60559
2858:60446
2853:60364
2848:60320
2843:60309
2838:60297
2833:60269
2828:60228
2823:60112
2818:60068
2813:60063
2808:60062
2803:60038
2798:60034
2793:60027
2653:Super
2631:Large
2268:Tower
2236:Panel
2062:Micro
1686:(PDF)
1679:(PDF)
1336:XXVII
1050:audio
862:posts
616:of a
558:motor
533:rack.
454:GR-63
434:steel
226:video
222:audio
118:shelf
3253:9995
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