131:
these exercises until fully recovered. The first stabilization exercise that the bird should complete is to balance on a rotating perch. When the birds perch is rotated it must use the muscles and joints in the affected area to maintain its balance on the perch, this improves the birds strength and posture. When exercising the perch should be rotated clockwise, counterclockwise, left, and right. For the second stabilization exercise the raptor should be placed on an inflatable plastic cushion, with a mat on top to prevent popping. The bird will slide on top of the cushion and will be forced to use the affected area to maintain balance, increasing its strength. The raptor should perform these stabilization exercises until fully recovered.
91:. Birds that have been poisoned may require treatment and rehabilitation if the amount of lead in their blood is greater than 0.4 parts per million. Raptors that have been electrocuted usually do not survive the initial electrocution, so rehabilitation is not possible. Raptors that experience collisions, with cars, windows, or barbed wire, often have broken bones that require rehabilitation.
125:
therapies. Contrast therapy is applied by alternating hot and cold water packs on the affected area. The purpose of this therapy is to decrease swelling and pain in the affected area, this therapy should occur four times a week for two weeks. Passive range of motion therapy involves manually forcing
130:
and stabilization exercises. The isometric resistance routine involves manually applying resistance when the bird moves the affected area, this is done to increase the strength of the affected area. As the bird gains strength, the amount of resistance should be increased, the raptor should perform
139:
Raptors that have undergone rehabilitation and treatment are assessed on whether they are fit to be released back into the wild depending on flight quality (i.e., flight symmetry, lack of excessive panting, and the ability to gain altitude from the ground), and their ability to catch live prey;
126:
movements similar to the movements the affected joint would experience in the wild. This movement helps to loosen the joints and improves the range of motion in the affected area; the bird should be stretched four times a week for four weeks. Four weeks after surgery the raptor should begin
116:
may allow for the shortest recovery time for
Raptors that have experienced collisions and required surgery. The rehabilitation process for a raptor that requires surgery begins two weeks after the surgery. The first therapies the birds should receive are
140:
eagles and vultures are exceptions. Except for threatened and endangered species, post-release monitoring is not common due to its costly and time-consuming nature. If monitored, it is done through telemetry tracking such as GPS and
64:
Raptors that cannot be released back into the wild are sometimes used for education or transferred to licensed falconers. Some states require that birds that cannot be placed or released be
42:
techniques or gain assistance from falconers to exercise the birds prior to their release, as their muscles often atrophy during their convalescence.
58:
71:
No funds for raptor rehabilitation are provided by the U.S. government, though it claims ownership of all raptors protected by the MBTA.
494:
50:
68:. Most states do not allow rehabilitators to keep raptors under their rehabilitation permit for more than a few months.
519:
80:
549:
210:
259:
84:
54:
20:
328:
127:
429:
476:
320:
279:
27:, with the goal of returning them to the wild. Since raptors are highly specialized predatory
258:
Fallon, Jesse A.; Redig, Patrick; Miller, Tricia A.; Lanzone, Michael; Katzner, Todd (2017).
466:
310:
271:
118:
113:
105:
32:
162:
122:
186:
543:
403:
211:"Sometimes young birds do need help – Raptor rehabilitation, education, and research"
109:
46:
24:
299:"Electrocution of Raptors on Power Lines: A Review of Necropsy Methods and Findings"
349:
332:
141:
234:
455:"Brain Activity during Motivative Exercise Versus Passive ROM Exercise by fMRI"
65:
480:
315:
298:
283:
88:
53:(MBTA), and so the rehabilitators are under loose scrutiny from their state
324:
260:"Guidelines for evaluation and treatment of lead poisoning of wild raptors"
471:
454:
39:
187:"Do I need a License? - National Wildlife Rehabilitators Association"
275:
402:
Estay, Andres; Oidor-Mendez, A.; Jose-Ramirez, S. (December 2017).
79:
The most common ways that a raptor may become sick or injured are
49:, a license is required to possess any bird which falls under the
31:, special skills, facilities, equipment, veterinary practices and
404:"Physiotherapy in Tibiotarsal Fracture Rehabilitation in Raptors"
28:
495:"Fitness Education: How to Incorporate Isometric Exercises"
100:
Using physiotherapy to rehabilitate raptors after surgery
520:"Post-Release Monitoring of Rehabilitated Raptors"
350:"Raptor Rehab Q&A | Columbia Audubon Society"
235:"Hawkwatch International - Threats to Raptors"
8:
501:. Massachusetts General Hospital. 2020-12-02
470:
314:
163:"Falconry And Bird of Prey Conservation"
153:
59:United States Fish and Wildlife Service
23:dealing with care for sick or injured
414:(3): 17–21 – via Research Gate.
397:
395:
393:
391:
389:
7:
423:
421:
387:
385:
383:
381:
379:
377:
375:
373:
371:
369:
344:
342:
408:Journal of Wildlife Rehabilitation
104:Two case studies, one involving a
14:
51:Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918
135:Release of rehabilitated raptors
38:Raptor rehabilitators often use
1:
161:Zealand, AMG Web Design New.
297:Kagan, R. A. (2016-05-06).
566:
75:How raptors become injured
264:Wildlife Society Bulletin
57:authority as well as the
453:Morita, Yoshiko (2016).
354:www.columbia-audubon.org
316:10.1177/0300985816646431
95:Rehabilitating a raptor
35:methods are necessary.
524:www.wildlifecenter.org
17:Raptor rehabilitation
472:10.14813/ibra.2016.7
303:Veterinary Pathology
191:www.nwrawildlife.org
128:isometric resistance
434:myhealth.alberta.ca
428:Staff, Healthwise.
55:wildlife management
21:veterinary medicine
167:www.wingspan.co.nz
119:contrast therapies
112:, have shown that
499:Home Base Program
557:
534:
533:
531:
530:
516:
510:
509:
507:
506:
491:
485:
484:
474:
450:
444:
443:
441:
440:
430:"Contrast Baths"
425:
416:
415:
399:
364:
363:
361:
360:
346:
337:
336:
318:
294:
288:
287:
255:
249:
248:
246:
245:
231:
225:
224:
222:
221:
207:
201:
200:
198:
197:
183:
177:
176:
174:
173:
158:
123:passive mobility
108:and the other a
106:black hawk eagle
565:
564:
560:
559:
558:
556:
555:
554:
540:
539:
538:
537:
528:
526:
518:
517:
513:
504:
502:
493:
492:
488:
452:
451:
447:
438:
436:
427:
426:
419:
401:
400:
367:
358:
356:
348:
347:
340:
296:
295:
291:
276:10.1002/wsb.762
257:
256:
252:
243:
241:
233:
232:
228:
219:
217:
215:soarraptors.org
209:
208:
204:
195:
193:
185:
184:
180:
171:
169:
160:
159:
155:
150:
137:
102:
97:
77:
12:
11:
5:
563:
561:
553:
552:
542:
541:
536:
535:
511:
486:
445:
417:
365:
338:
289:
270:(2): 205–211.
250:
226:
202:
178:
152:
151:
149:
146:
136:
133:
101:
98:
96:
93:
81:lead poisoning
76:
73:
19:is a field of
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
562:
551:
548:
547:
545:
525:
521:
515:
512:
500:
496:
490:
487:
482:
478:
473:
468:
464:
460:
456:
449:
446:
435:
431:
424:
422:
418:
413:
409:
405:
398:
396:
394:
392:
390:
388:
386:
384:
382:
380:
378:
376:
374:
372:
370:
366:
355:
351:
345:
343:
339:
334:
330:
326:
322:
317:
312:
309:(5): 1030–6.
308:
304:
300:
293:
290:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
254:
251:
240:
239:hawkwatch.org
236:
230:
227:
216:
212:
206:
203:
192:
188:
182:
179:
168:
164:
157:
154:
147:
145:
144:of the bird.
143:
134:
132:
129:
124:
120:
115:
114:physiotherapy
111:
110:roadside hawk
107:
99:
94:
92:
90:
86:
85:electrocution
82:
74:
72:
69:
67:
62:
60:
56:
52:
48:
47:United States
43:
41:
36:
34:
30:
26:
25:birds of prey
22:
18:
527:. Retrieved
523:
514:
503:. Retrieved
498:
489:
462:
458:
448:
437:. Retrieved
433:
411:
407:
357:. Retrieved
353:
306:
302:
292:
267:
263:
253:
242:. Retrieved
238:
229:
218:. Retrieved
214:
205:
194:. Retrieved
190:
181:
170:. Retrieved
166:
156:
138:
103:
78:
70:
63:
44:
37:
16:
15:
550:Bird health
529:2021-03-15
505:2021-03-15
465:(1): 7–8.
439:2021-03-15
359:2021-03-15
244:2021-03-15
220:2018-02-02
196:2018-02-02
172:2018-02-02
148:References
89:collisions
66:euthanized
481:2186-8433
459:Biophilia
284:1938-5463
33:husbandry
544:Category
325:27154543
40:falconry
333:9794248
142:tagging
45:In the
479:
331:
323:
282:
87:, and
329:S2CID
29:birds
477:ISSN
463:2016
321:PMID
280:ISSN
121:and
467:doi
311:doi
272:doi
546::
522:.
497:.
475:.
461:.
457:.
432:.
420:^
412:37
410:.
406:.
368:^
352:.
341:^
327:.
319:.
307:53
305:.
301:.
278:.
268:41
266:.
262:.
237:.
213:.
189:.
165:.
83:,
61:.
532:.
508:.
483:.
469::
442:.
362:.
335:.
313::
286:.
274::
247:.
223:.
199:.
175:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.