Occupational therapy - Knowledge (XXG)

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institutionalization. In the community, occupational therapists can assess an older adults ability to drive and if they are safe to do so. If it is found that an individual is not safe to drive the occupational therapist can assist with finding alternate transit options. Occupational therapists also work with older adults in their home as part of home care. In the home, an occupational therapist can work on such things as fall prevention, maximizing independence with activities of daily living, ensuring safety and being able to stay in the home for as long as the person wants. An occupational therapist can also recommend home modifications to ensure safety in the home. Many older adults have chronic conditions such as diabetes, arthritis, and cardiopulmonary conditions. Occupational therapists can help manage these conditions by offering education on energy conservation strategies or coping strategies. Not only do occupational therapists work with older adults in their homes, they also work with older adults in hospitals, nursing homes and post-acute rehabilitation. In nursing homes, the role of the occupational therapist is to work with clients and caregivers on education for safe care, modifying the environment, positioning needs and enhancing IADL skills to name a few. In post-acute rehabilitation, occupational therapists work with clients to get them back home and to their prior level of function after a hospitalization for an illness or accident. Occupational therapists also play a unique role for those with dementia. The therapist may assist with modifying the environment to ensure safety as the disease progresses along with caregiver education to prevent burnout. Occupational therapists also play a role in palliative and hospice care. The goal at this stage of life is to ensure that the roles and occupations that the individual finds meaningful continue to be meaningful. If the person is no longer able to perform these activities, the occupational therapist can offer new ways to complete these tasks while taking into consideration the environment along with psychosocial and physical needs. Not only do occupational therapists work with older adults in traditional settings, they also work in senior centre's and ALFs.

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in various settings, including homes, schools, workplaces, community environments, hospitals, outpatient clinics, and residential facilities (AOTA,2017). Occupational therapists and occupational therapy assistants assume diverse roles, such as case managers, care coordinators, group facilitators, community mental health providers, consultants, program developers, and advocates. Their interventions aim to facilitate engagement in meaningful occupations, enhance role performance, and improve overall well-being. This involves analyzing, adapting, and modifying tasks and environments to support clients' goals and optimal engagement in daily activities (AOTA, 2017). Occupational therapy practitioners utilize clinical reasoning, informed by various theoretical perspectives and evidence-based approaches, to guide evaluation and intervention. They are skilled in analyzing the complex interplay among client variables, activity demands, and the environments where participation occurs. For individuals experiencing any mental health issues, his or her ability to participate in occupations actively may be hindered. For example, an individual diagnosed with depression or anxiety may experience interruptions in sleep, difficulty completing self-care tasks, decreased motivation to participate in leisure activities, decreased concentration for school or job-related work, and avoidance of social interactions.

618:'s framework to measure health and ability by illustrating how these components impact one's function. This relates very closely to the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework, as it is stated that "the profession's core beliefs are in the positive relationship between occupation and health and its view of people as occupational beings". The ICF is built into the 2nd edition of the practice framework. Activities and participation examples from the ICF overlap Areas of Occupation, Performance Skills, and Performance Patterns in the framework. The ICF also includes contextual factors (environmental and personal factors) that relate to the framework's context. In addition, body functions and structures classified within the ICF help describe the client factors described in the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework. Further exploration of the relationship between occupational therapy and the components of the ICIDH-2 (revision of the original International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps (ICIDH), which later became the ICF) was conducted by McLaughlin Gray. 984:

vision as efficiently as possible. AOTA's promotional goal of "Living Life to Its Fullest" speaks to who people are and learning about what they want to do, particularly when promoting the participation in meaningful activities, regardless of a visual impairment. Populations that may benefit from occupational therapy includes older adults, persons with traumatic brain injury, adults with potential to return to driving, and children with visual impairments. Visual impairments addressed by occupational therapists may be characterized into two types including low vision or a neurological visual impairment. An example of a neurological impairment is a cortical visual impairment (CVI) which is defined as "...abnormal or inefficient vision resulting from a problem or disorder affecting the parts of brain that provide sight". The following section will discuss the role of occupational therapy when working with the visually impaired.

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clinical experiences culminating in full-time internships. Both must pass national examinations and meet state licensure requirements. Occupational therapists apply mental and physical health knowledge, focusing on participation and occupation, using performance-based assessments to understand the relationship between occupational participation and well-being. Their education covers various aspects of mental health, including neurophysiological changes, human development, historical and contemporary perspectives on mental health, and current diagnostic criteria. This comprehensive training prepares occupational therapy practitioners to address the complex interplay of client variables, activity demands, and environmental factors in promoting health and managing health challenges (Bazyk & Downing, 2017). Occupational therapy role in mental health practice

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the development of occupational therapy, particularly through the contributions of early 20th-century practitioners and theorists like Adolph Meyer, who emphasized a holistic approach to mental health care (Christiansen & Haertl, 2014). According to the American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA), occupational therapy is based on the principle that "active engagement in occupation promotes, facilitates, supports, and maintains health and participation" (AOTA, 2017). Occupations refer to individuals' activities to structure their time and provide meaning. The primary goals of occupational therapy include promoting physical and mental health and well-being and establishing, restoring, maintaining, and improving function and quality of life for individuals at risk of or affected by physical or mental health disorders (AOTA, 2017).

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health, well-being, and quality of life. Occupational justice can be approached individually and collectively. The individual path includes disease, disability, and functional restrictions. The collective way consists of public health, gender and sexual identity, social inclusion, migration, and environment. The skills of occupational therapy practitioners enable them to serve as advocates for systemic change, impacting institutions, policy, individuals, communities, and entire populations. Examples of populations that experience occupational injustice include refugees, prisoners, homeless persons, survivors of natural disasters, individuals at the end of their life, people with disabilities, elderly living in residential homes, individuals experiencing poverty, children, immigrants, and LGBTQI+ individuals.

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families, schools, employers, agencies, service providers, stores, day treatment and day care and others who may influence the degree of success the client will have in participating. It also allows the therapist to see what is actually happening in the context and design interventions relevant to what might support the client in participating and what is impeding her or him from participating. Community-based practice crosses all of the categories within which OTs practice from physical to cognitive, mental health to spiritual, all types of clients may be seen in community-based settings. The role of the OT also may vary, from advocate to consultant, direct care provider to program designer, adjunctive services to therapeutic leader.

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13–26 weeks in length. Travel therapists work in many different settings, but the highest need for therapists are in home health and skilled nursing facility settings. There are no further educational requirements needed to be a travel occupational therapy practitioner; however, there may be different state licensure guidelines and practice acts that must be followed. According to Zip Recruiter, as of July 2019, the national average salary for a full-time travel therapist is $ 86,475 with a range between $ 62,500 to $ 100,000 across the United States. Most commonly (43%), travel occupational therapists enter the industry between the ages of 21–30.

114: 363:(1870-1942) is considered to be the "mother" of occupational therapy. Slagle proposed habit training as a primary occupational therapy model of treatment. Based on the philosophy that engagement in meaningful routines shape a person's wellbeing, habit training focused on creating structure and balance between work, rest and leisure. Although habit training was initially developed to treat individuals with mental health conditions, its basic tenets are apparent in modern treatment models that are utilized across a wide scope of client populations. In 1912, she became director of a department of occupational therapy at 1228:(WFOT) has minimum standards for the education of OTs, which was revised in 2016. All of the educational programs around the world need to meet these minimum standards. These standards are subsumed by and can be supplemented with academic standards set by a country's national accreditation organization. As part of the minimum standards, all programs must have a curriculum that includes practice placements (fieldwork). Examples of fieldwork settings include: acute care, inpatient hospital, outpatient hospital, skilled nursing facilities, schools, group homes, early intervention, home health, and community settings. 544:. The profession continued to grow and redefine itself in the 1950s. In 1954, AOTA created the Eleanor Clarke Slagle Lectureship Award in its namesake's honor. Each year, this award recognizes a member of AOTA "who has creatively contributed to the development of the body of knowledge of the profession through research, education, or clinical practice." The profession also began to assess the potential for the use of trained assistants in the attempt to address the ongoing shortage of qualified therapists, and educational standards for occupational therapy assistants were implemented in 1960. 1435:(DMM). The latter two in particular provide detail about the source, mechanism and function of somatic symptoms. Kasia Kozlowska describes how she uses these models to better connect with clients, to understand complex human illness, and how she includes occupational therapists as part of a team to address functional somatic symptoms. Her research indicates children with functional neurological disorders (FND) utilize higher, or more challenging, DMM self-protective attachment strategies to cope with their family environments, and how those impact functional somatic symptoms. 404: 988:

field, and eye movement in people with traumatic brain injury, including providing education on compensatory strategies to complete daily tasks safely and efficiently. Adults with a stable visual impairment may benefit from occupational therapy for the provision of a driving assessment and an evaluation of the potential to return to driving. Lastly, occupational therapy practitioners enable children with visual impairments to complete self care tasks and participate in classroom activities using compensatory strategies.

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health-promoting occupations (e.g., enjoyable activities, healthy eating, exercise, adequate sleep); fostering self-regulation and coping strategies (e.g., mindfulness, yoga); promoting mental health literacy (e.g., knowing how to take care of one's mental health and what to do when experiencing symptoms associated with ill mental health). Occupational therapy practitioners develop universal programs and embed strategies to promote mental health and well-being in a variety of settings, from schools to the workplace.

791:, 3rd Edition, the domain of occupational therapy is described as "Achieving health, well-being, and participation in life through engagement in occupation". Occupational therapy practitioners have a distinct value in their ability to utilize daily occupations to achieve optimal health and well-being. By examining an individual's roles, routines, environment, and occupations, occupational therapists can identify the barriers in achieving overall health, well-being and participation. 775:

Treatment". This therapy, provided by experienced and knowledgeable pediatric occupational therapists, was originally developed by A. Jean Ayres, an occupational therapist. Sensory integration therapy is an evidence-based practice which enables children to better process and integrate sensory input from the child's body and from the environment, thus improving his or her emotional regulation, ability to learn, behavior, and functional participation in meaningful daily activities.

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the environment to support the client's engagement, facilitating a physically safe and emotionally supportive environment, modifying activities to support the client's strengths and weaknesses, and creating sensory opportunities within the context of play to develop intrinsic motivation. While sensory integration is traditionally implemented in pediatric practice, there is emerging evidence for the benefits of sensory integration strategies for adults.

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environment and occupation- are related. Engagement was added to encompass occupational performance. A visual model is depicted with the person located at the center of the model as a triangle. The triangles three points represent cognitive, affective, and physical components with a spiritual center. The person triangle is surrounded by an outer ring symbolizing the context of environment with an inner ring symbolizing the context of occupation.

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very individualized plan designed for each specific student (U.S. Department of Education, 2007). Related services are "developmental, corrective, and other supportive services as are required to assist a child with a disability to benefit from special education," and include a variety of professions such as speech–language pathology and audiology services, interpreting services, psychological services, and physical and occupational therapy.

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purpose to life. Occupations include things people need to, want to and are expected to do". Occupations are central to a client's (person's, group's, or population's) health, identity, and sense of competence and have particular meaning and value to that client. Occupations include activities of daily living (ADLs), instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), education, work, play, leisure, social participation, rest and sleep.

43: 6406: 1267:, a psychiatrist who had emigrated to the United States from Switzerland in the late 19th century and who was invited to present his views to a gathering of the new Occupational Therapy Society in 1922. At the time, Dr. Meyer was one of the leading psychiatrists in the United States and head of the new psychiatry department and Phipps Clinic at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland. 647:(CIHI) found that as of 2020 nearly half (46.1%) of occupational therapists worked in hospitals, 43.2% worked in community health, 3.6% work in long-term care (LTC) and 7.1% work in "other", including government, industry, manufacturing, and commercial settings. The CIHI also found that 68% of occupational therapists in Canada work in urban settings and only 3.7% work in rural settings. 640:(13.3%), home health (7.3%), academia (6.9%), early intervention (4.4%), mental health (2.2%), community (2.4%), and other (1.6%). According to the AOTA, the most common primary work setting for occupational therapists is in hospitals. Also according to the survey, 46% of occupational therapists work in urban areas, 39% work in suburban areas and the remaining 15% work in rural areas. 1204:

Australia, managed by a horticultural therapist, allows patients and practitioners to participate in meaningful activity outside the usual healthcare settings. Thus, tending a garden helps facilitate experiential activities, perhaps attaining a better balance between clinical and real-life pursuits during rehabilitation, in lieu of mainly relying on clinical interventions.

6435: 376: 661: 1140:: Relates to how implicit norms of behavior or societal expectations prevent a person from engaging in a chosen occupation. As an example, a child with physical impairments may only be offered table-top leisure activities instead of sports as an extracurricular activity due to the functional limitations caused by his physical impairments. 1273:, a supporter of the National Society for the Promotion of Occupational Therapy, now the American Occupational Therapy Association, sought to promote the ideas that occupation is a basic human need, and that occupation is therapeutic. From his statements came some of the basic assumptions of occupational therapy, which include: 622:

clients and colleagues. It also may not be possible to exactly match the connotations of the ICF categories to occupational therapy terms. The ICF is not an assessment and specialized occupational therapy terminology should not be replaced with ICF terminology. The ICF is an overarching framework for current therapy practices.

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action points and three contextual element which are: set the stage, evaluate, agree on objective plan, implement plan, monitor/modify, and evaluate outcome. A central element of this process model is the focus on identifying both client and therapists strengths and resources prior to developing the outcomes and action plan.

1126:: The exclusion of a person in chosen occupations due to personal characteristics such as age, gender, race, nationality, or socioeconomic status. An example can be seen in children with developmental disabilities from low socioeconomic backgrounds whose families would opt out of therapy due to financial constraints. 1502:

and dyspraxia. Core features of sensory integration in treatment include providing opportunities for the client to experience and integrate feedback using multiple sensory systems, providing therapeutic challenges to the client's skills, integrating the client's interests into therapy, organizing of

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The biomechanical frame of reference is primarily concerned with motion during occupation. It is used with individuals who experience limitations in movement, inadequate muscle strength or loss of endurance in occupations. The frame of reference was not originally compiled by occupational therapists,

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and that its central components are people, their occupations (activities), and the environments in which those activities take place. However, there have been some dissenting voices. Mocellin, in particular, advocated abandoning the notion of health through occupation as he proclaimed it obsolete in

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The profession of occupational therapy is based on a wide theoretical and evidence based background. The OT curriculum focuses on the theoretical basis of occupation through multiple facets of science, including occupational science, anatomy, physiology, biomechanics, and neurology. In addition, this

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As occupational therapy (OT) has grown and developed, community-based practice has blossomed from an emerging area of practice to a fundamental part of occupational therapy practice (Scaffa & Reitz, 2013). Community-based practice allows for OTs to work with clients and other stakeholders such as

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Mental Health Occupational therapy's foundation in mental health is deeply rooted in the moral treatment movement, which sought to replace the harsh treatment of mental disorders with the establishment of healthy routines and engagement in meaningful activities. This movement significantly influenced

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Recognition of occupational therapy programs and services for children and youth is increasing worldwide. Occupational therapy for both children and adults is now recognized by the United Nations as a human right which is linked to the social determinants of health. As of 2018, there are over 500,000

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Occupational therapists work with infants, toddlers, children, youth, and their families in a variety of settings, including schools, clinics, homes, hospitals, and the community. Evaluation assesses the child's ability to engage in daily, meaningful occupations, the underlying skills (or performance

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According to the 2019 Salary and Workforce Survey by the American Occupational Therapy Association, occupational therapists work in a wide-variety of practice settings including: hospitals (28.6%), schools (18.8%), long-term care facilities/skilled nursing facilities (14.5%), free-standing outpatient

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According to the American Occupational Therapy Association's (AOTA) Occupational Therapy Practice Framework: Domain and Process, 4th Edition (OTPF-4), occupations are defined as "everyday activities that people do as individuals, and families, and with communities to occupy time and bring meaning and

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The Canadian Model of Client Centered Enablement (CMCE) embraces occupational enablement as the core competency of occupational therapy and the Canadian Practice Process Framework (CPPF) as the core process of occupational enablement in Canada. The Canadian Practice Process Framework (CPPF) has eight

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had a habilitation clause that was passed in large part due to AOTA's political efforts. Furthermore, occupational therapy practitioners have been striving personally and professionally toward concepts of occupational justice and other human rights issues that have both local and global impacts. The

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The 1960s and 1970s were a time of ongoing change and growth for the profession as it struggled to incorporate new knowledge and cope with the recent and rapid growth of the profession in the previous decades. New developments in the areas of neurobehavioral research led to new conceptualizations and

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became the first US qualified occupational therapist to work in the United Kingdom in 1925. She qualified at the Philadelphia School in the United States and was appointed to the Aberdeen Royal Hospital for mental patients where she worked until her retirement in 1963. US-style OT was introduced into

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Denton struggled with "the cumbersomeness of the term occupational therapy", as he thought it lacked the "exactness of meaning which is possessed by scientific terms". Other titles such as "work-cure", "ergo therapy" (ergo being the Greek root for "work"), and "creative occupations" were discussed as

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in occupations even while they were still bedridden. Once the soldiers were sufficiently recovered they would work in a curative workshop and eventually progress to an industrial workshop before being placed in an appropriate work setting. He used occupations (daily activities) as a medium for manual

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communities are crucial to occupational therapy ethos. Effective occupational therapy practice includes acknowledging the values and social perspectives of each client and their families. Harnessing culture and understanding what is important to the client is truly a faster way towards independence.

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philosophy. While this approach led to developments in technical knowledge about occupational performance, clinicians became increasingly disillusioned and re-considered these beliefs. As a result, client centeredness and occupation have re-emerged as dominant themes in the profession. Over the past

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Within occupational therapy practice, injustice may ensue in situations wherein professional dominance, standardized treatments, laws and political conditions create a negative impact on the occupational engagement of our clients. Awareness of these injustices will enable the therapist to reflect on

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Because of the rising need for occupational therapy practitioners in the U.S., many facilities are opting for travel occupational therapy practitioners—who are willing to travel, often out of state, to work temporarily in a facility. Assignments can range from 8 weeks to 9 months, but typically last

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Occupational therapy practitioners develop and implement community wide programs to assist in prevention of diseases and encourage healthy lifestyles by: conducting education classes for prevention, facilitating gardening, offering ergonomic assessments, and offering pleasurable leisure and physical

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Occupational therapists use a variety of models, including the Model of Human Occupation, Person, Environment and Occupation, and Canadian Occupational Performance Model to adopt a client centered approach used for discharge planning. Hospital spending on occupational therapy services in acute care

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Early intervention addresses daily functioning of a child between the ages of birth to three years old. OTs who practice in early intervention support a family's ability to care for their child with special needs and promote his or her function and participation in the most natural environment. Each

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The 1920s and 1930s were a time of establishing standards of education and laying the foundation of the profession and its organization. Eleanor Clarke Slagle proposed a 12-month course of training in 1922, and these standards were adopted in 1923. In 1928, William Denton published another textbook,

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Occupational therapy is practiced around the world and can be translated in practice to many different cultures and environments. The construct of occupation is shared throughout the profession regardless of country, culture and context. Occupation and the active participation in occupation is now

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The Person Environment Occupation Performance model (PEOP) was originally published in 1991 (Charles Christiansen & M. Carolyn Baum) and describes an individual's performance based on four elements including: environment, person, performance and occupation. The model focuses on the interplay of

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Both occupational therapist and occupational therapy assistant roles exist internationally. Currently in the United States, dual points of entry exist for both OT and OTA programs. For OT, that is entry-level Master's or entry-level Doctorate. For OTA, that is associate degree or bachelor's degree.

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The focus of intensive interventions (direct–individual or group, consultation) is engagement in occupation to foster recovery or "reclaiming mental health" resulting in optimal levels of community participation, daily functioning, and quality of life; functional assessment and intervention (skills

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Occupational therapy practitioners play a critical role in mental health by using therapeutic activities to promote mental health and support full participation in life for individuals at risk of or experiencing psychiatric, behavioral, and substance use disorders. They work across the lifespan and

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In the United States, pediatric occupational therapists work in the school setting as a "related service" for children with an Individual Education Plan (IEP). Every student who receives special education and related services in the public school system is required by law to have an IEP, which is a

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that took place between 1860 and 1910 also impacted occupational therapy. The movement emerged against the monotony and lost autonomy of factory work in the developed world. Arts and crafts were used to promote learning through doing, provided a creative outlet, and served as a way to avoid boredom

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Polatajko, H.J., Townsend, E.A. & Craik, J. 2007. Canadian Model of Occupational Performance and Engagement (CMOP-E). In Enabling Occupation II: Advancing an Occupational Therapy Vision of Health, Well-being, & Justice through Occupation. E.A.Townsend & H.J. Polatajko, Eds. Ottawa, ON:

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This framework was originated in 1997 by the Canadian Association of Occupational Therapists (CAOT) as the Canadian Model of Occupational Performance (CMOP). It was expanded in 2007 by Palatjko, Townsend and Craik to add engagement. This framework upholds the view that three components—the person,

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For instance, parents reported improvement in the emotional regulation and social engagement of their children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in a study of parental perceptions regarding the outcomes of AAT conducted with trained dogs. They also observed reductions in problematic behaviors. A

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The focus of universal services (individual, group, school-wide, employee/organizational level) is universal programs to help all individuals successfully participate in occupations that promote positive mental health (Bazyk, 2011); educational and coaching strategies with a wide range of relevant

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Intensive interventions are provided for individuals with identified mental, emotional, or behavioral disorders that limit daily functioning, interpersonal relationships, feelings of emotional well-being, and the ability to cope with challenges in daily life. Occupational therapy practitioners are

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Occupational therapy practitioners can intervene at primary, secondary and tertiary levels of intervention to promote health and wellness. It can be addressed in all practice settings to prevent disease and injuries, and adapt healthy lifestyle practices for those with chronic diseases. Two of the

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As a related service, occupational therapists work with children with varying disabilities to address those skills needed to access the special education program and support academic achievement and social participation throughout the school day (AOTA, n.d.-b). In doing so, occupational therapists

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With the US entry into World War II and the ensuing skyrocketing demand for occupational therapists to treat those injured in the war, the field of occupational therapy underwent dramatic growth and change. Occupational therapists needed to be skilled not only in the use of constructive activities

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There was a struggle to keep people in the profession during the post-war years. Emphasis shifted from the altruistic war-time mentality to the financial, professional, and personal satisfaction that comes with being a therapist. To make the profession more appealing, practice was standardized, as

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Occupational therapists are university-educated professionals and must pass a licensing exam to practice. Currently, entry level occupational therapists must have a master's degree while certified occupational therapy assistants require a two-year associate degree to practice in the United States.

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Frames of reference are an additional knowledge base for the occupational therapist to develop their treatment or assessment of a patient or client group. Though there are conceptual models (listed above) that allow the therapist to conceptualise the occupational roles of the patient, it is often

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For adults with acquired brain injury, nature-based therapy has been found to improve motor abilities, cognitive function, and general quality of life. Contributing to a theoretical understanding of such successes in nature-based approaches are: nature's positive impact on problem solving and the

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Gardening in a group setting may serve as a complementary intervention in stroke rehabilitation; in addition to being mentally restful and conducive to social connection, it helps patients master skills and can remind them of experiences from their past. Royal Rehab's Productive Garden Project in

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Occupational therapy practitioners' role in occupational justice is not only to align with perceptions of procedural and social justice but to advocate for the inherent need of meaningful occupation and how it promotes a just society, well-being, and quality of life among people relevant to their

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Contribute to global health by advocating for individuals with disabilities to participate in meaningful activities on a global level. Occupation therapists are involved with the World Health Organization (WHO), non-governmental organizations and community groups and policymaking to influence the

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Occupational therapy for older adults with low vision includes task analysis, environmental evaluation, and modification of tasks or the environment as needed. Many occupational therapy practitioners work closely with optometrists and ophthalmologists to address visual deficits in acuity, visual

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Universal services are provided to all individuals with or without mental health or behavioral problems, including those with disabilities and illnesses (Barry & Jenkins, 2007). Occupational therapy services focus on mental health promotion and prevention for all: encouraging participation in

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Targeted services are designed to prevent mental health problems in persons who are at risk of developing mental health challenges, such as those who have emotional experiences (e.g., trauma, abuse), situational stressors (e.g., physical disability, bullying, social isolation, obesity) or genetic

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Occupational therapy utilizes the public health approach to mental health (WHO, 2001) which emphasizes the promotion of mental health as well as the prevention of, and intervention for, mental illness. This model highlights the distinct value of occupational therapists in mental health promotion,

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A study conducted in Switzerland showed that a large majority of occupational therapists collaborate with schools, half of them providing direct services within mainstream school settings. The results also show that services were mainly provided to children with medical diagnoses, focusing on the

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It is noted in the literature that occupational therapists should use specific occupational therapy vocabulary along with the ICF in order to ensure correct communication about specific concepts. The ICF might lack certain categories to describe what occupational therapists need to communicate to

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profession that involves the use of assessment, intervention, consultation, and coaching to develop, recover, or maintain meaningful occupations of individuals, groups, or communities. The field of OT consists of health care practitioners trained and educated to support mental health and physical

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The profession celebrates World Occupational Therapy Day on the 27th of October annually to increase visibility and awareness of the profession, promoting the profession's development work at a local, national and international platform. WFOT has been in close collaboration with the World Health

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The World Federation of Occupational Therapists is an international voice of the profession and is a membership network of occupational therapists worldwide. WFOT supports the international practice of occupational therapy through collaboration across countries. WFOT currently includes over 100

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The practice area of occupational justice relates to the "benefits, privileges and harms associated with participation in occupations" and the effects related to access or denial of opportunities to participate in occupations. This theory brings attention to the relationship between occupations,

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was appointed vocational secretary of the Canadian Military Hospitals Commission in January 1916. He was given the duty of preparing soldiers returning from World War I to return to their former vocational duties or retrain soldiers no longer able to perform their previous duties. He developed a

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takes into account how disease and illness can be impacted by social, environmental, psychological and body functions. The biopsychosocial model is unique in that it takes the client's subjective experience and the client-provider relationship as factors to wellness. This model also factors in

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Visual impairment is one of the top 10 disabilities among American adults. Occupational therapists work with other professions, such as optometrists, ophthalmologists, and certified low vision therapists, to maximize the independence of persons with a visual impairment by using their remaining

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Occupational therapists require a master's degree or clinical doctorate, while occupational therapy assistants need at least an associate's degree. Their education encompasses extensive mental health-related topics, including biological, physical, social, and behavioral sciences, and supervised

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Occupational therapy practitioners in acute care assess whether a patient has the cognitive, emotional and physical ability as well as the social supports needed to live independently and care for themselves after discharge from the hospital. Occupational therapists are uniquely positioned to

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Other settings, such as homes, hospitals, and the community are important environments where occupational therapists work with children and teens to promote their independence in meaningful, daily activities. Outpatient clinics offer a growing OT intervention referred to as "Sensory Integration

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An occupational therapist works systematically with a client through a sequence of actions called an "occupational therapy process." There are several versions of this process. All practice frameworks include the components of evaluation (or assessment), intervention, and outcomes. This process

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As the profession grows there is a lot of people who are travelling across countries to work as occupational therapists for better work or opportunities. Under this context, every occupational therapist is required to adapt to a new culture, foreign to their own. Understanding cultures and its

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Pamela Meredith and colleagues have been exploring the relationship between the attachment system and psychological and neurobiological systems with implications for how occupational therapists can improve their approach and techniques. They have found correlations between attachment and adult

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Worldwide, there is a range of qualifications required to practice as an occupational therapist or occupational therapy assistant. Depending on the country and expected level of practice, degree options include associate degree, Bachelor's degree, entry-level master's degree, post-professional

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The Occupational Therapy Practice Framework (OTPF) is the core competency of occupational therapy in the United States. The OTPF is divided into two sections: domain and process. The domain includes environment, client factors, such as the individual's motivation, health status, and status of

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in April 1917 was a crucial event in the history of the profession in that country. Up until this time, the profession had been concerned primarily with the treatment of people with mental illness. U.S. involvement in the war led to an escalating number of injured and disabled soldiers, which

1523:, which focuses on "ending poverty, fighting inequality and injustice, tackling climate change and promoting health". Occupational therapy is a major player in enabling individuals and communities to engage in "chosen and necessary occupations" and in "the creation of more meaningful lives". 1151:: The limited participation in a meaningful occupation brought about by another role in a different occupation. This can be seen in the situation of a caregiver of a person with a disability who also has to fulfill other roles such as being a parent to other children, a student, or a worker. 974:

Occupational therapists address all aspects of aging from health promotion to treatment of various disease processes. The goal of occupational therapy for older adults is to ensure that older adults can maintain independence and reduce health care costs associated with hospitalization and

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defines an occupational therapist as someone who "helps people across their lifespan participate in the things they want and/or need to do through the therapeutic use of everyday activities (occupations)". Definitions by other professional occupational therapy organizations are similar.

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In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the establishment of public health measures to control infectious diseases included the building of fever hospitals. Patients with tuberculosis were recommended to have a regime of prolonged bed rest followed by a gradual increase in exercise.

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was the curriculum. Entry and exit criteria were established, and the American Occupational Therapy Association advocated for steady employment, decent wages, and fair working conditions. Via these methods, occupational therapy sought and obtained medical legitimacy in the 1920s.

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cultural diversity as many countries have different societal norms and beliefs. This is a multifactorial and multi-dimensional model to understand not only the cause of disease but also a person-centered approach that the provider has more of a participatory and reflective role.

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The focus of targeted services (small groups, consultation, accommodations, education) is engagement in occupations to promote mental health and diminish early symptoms; small, therapeutic groups (Olson, 2011); environmental modifications to enhance participation (e.g., create

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The Scottish Association of Occupational Therapists was founded in 1932. The profession was served in the rest of the UK by the Association of Occupational Therapists from 1936. (The two later merged to form what is today the Royal College of Occupational Therapists in 1974.)

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the modern world. As well, he questioned the appropriateness of advocating holism when practice rarely supports it. Some values formulated by the American Occupational Therapy Association have been critiqued as being therapist-centric and do not reflect the modern reality of

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Occupational therapists address the need for rehabilitation following an injury or impairment. When planning treatment, occupational therapists address the physical, cognitive, psychosocial, and environmental needs involved in adult populations across a variety of settings.

182:(OTs) and occupational therapy assistants (OTAs). OTs and OTAs have different roles, with OTs licensed to complete comprehensive occupational therapy evaluations. Both professionals work with people who want to improve their ability to participate in meaningful occupations. 445:

substitutes, but ultimately, none possessed the broad meaning that the practice of occupational therapy demanded in order to capture the many forms of treatment that existed from the beginning. NSPOT formally adopted the name "occupational therapy" for the field in 1921.

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In the United States, Canada, and other countries around the world, there is a licensure requirement. In order to obtain an OT or OTA license, one must graduate from an accredited program, complete fieldwork requirements, and pass a national certification examination.

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components) which may be physical, cognitive, or emotional in nature, and the fit between the client's skills and the environments and contexts in which the client functions. OT intervention and involves evaluating a young person's occupational performance in areas of

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child is required to have an Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP) that focuses on the family's goals for the child. It's possible for an OT to serve as the family's service coordinator and facilitate the team process for creating an IFSP for each eligible child.

497:. Educational standards were expanded to a total training time of 18 months in 1930 to place the requirements for professional entry on par with those of other professions. By the early 1930s, AOTA had established educational guidelines and accreditation procedures. 5332:

Christiansen, C. H., & Haertl, K. (2014). A contextual history of occupational therapy. In B. A. B. Schell, G. Gillen, & M. E. Scaffa (Eds.), Willard and Spackman's occupational therapy (12th ed., pp. 9–34).Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

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A distinguishing facet of occupational therapy is that therapists often espouse the use theoretical frameworks to frame their practice. Many have argued that the use of theory complicates everyday clinical care and is not necessary to provide patient-driven care.

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performing occupational tasks. The domain looks at the contextual picture to help the occupational therapist understand how to diagnose and treat the patient. The process is the actions taken by the therapist to implement a plan and strategy to treat the patient.

1109:: The exclusion from meaningful occupations due to external factors that are beyond the person's control. For example, a person with difficulties with functional mobility may find it challenging to reintegrate into the community due to transportation barriers. 1497:

Sensory integration framework is commonly implemented in clinical, community, and school-based occupational therapy practice. It is most frequently used with children with developmental delays and developmental disabilities such as autism spectrum disorder,

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refocusing of attention; an innate human connection with, and positive response to, the natural world; an increased sense of well-being when in contact with nature; and the emotional, nonverbal, and cognitive aspects of human-environment interaction.

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Generic models are the overarching title given to a collation of compatible knowledge, research and theories that form conceptual practice. More generally they are defined as "those aspects which influence our perceptions, decisions and practice".

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Occupational therapy practitioners conduct 1:1 treatment sessions and group interventions to address: leisure, health literacy and education, modified physical activity, stress/anger management, healthy meal preparation, and medication management.

685:. In planning treatment, occupational therapists work in collaboration with the children and teens themselves, parents, caregivers, and teachers in order to develop functional goals within a variety of occupations meaningful to the young client. 713:

Consulting with teachers, psychologists, social workers, parents/caregivers, and other professionals who work with children regarding modifications, accommodations and supports in a variety of areas, such as sensory processing, motor planning,

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Turner, A. (2002). History and Philosophy of Occupational Therapy in Turner, A., Foster, M. and Johnson, S. (eds) Occupational Therapy and Physical Dysfunction, Principles, Skills and Practice. 5th Edition. Edinburgh, Churchill Livingstone,

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MOHO was first published in 1980. It explains how people select, organise and undertake occupations within their environment. The model is supported with evidence generated over thirty years and has been successfully applied throughout the

512:.) In 1929 she established her own residential clinic in Bristol, Dorset House, for "women with mental disorders", and worked as its medical director. It was here in 1930 that she founded the first school of occupational therapy in the UK. 1400:

The OPM(A) was conceptualized in 1986 with its current form launched in 2006. The OPM(A) illustrates the complexity of occupational performance, the scope of occupational therapy practice, and provides a framework for occupational therapy

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Stamm, Tanja; Cieza, Alarcos; Stucki, Gerold (June 2006). "Exploration of the link between conceptual occupational models and the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: Answers to the comments from Norway".

966:. When addressing low vision, occupational therapists modify tasks and the environment. While working with individuals with AD, occupational therapists focus on maintaining quality of life, ensuring safety, and promoting independence. 1290:

These assumptions have been developed over time and are the basis of the values that underpin the Codes of Ethics issued by the national associations. The relevance of occupation to health and well-being remains the central theme.

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In contrast, occupational injustice relates to conditions wherein people are deprived, excluded or denied of opportunities that are meaningful to them. Types of occupational injustices and examples within the OT practice include:

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committed to the recovery model which focuses on enabling persons with mental health challenges through a client-centered process to live a meaningful life in the community and reach their potential (Champagne & Gray, 2011).

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important to use further reference to embed clinical reasoning. Therefore, many occupational therapists will use additional frames of reference to both assess and then develop therapy goals for their patients or service users.

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as an academic discipline to provide foundational research on occupation to support and advance the practice of occupation-based occupational therapy, as well as offer a basic science to study topics surrounding "occupation".

6076: 6011: 1162:: The imposition of an occupation that does not hold meaning for that person. In the OT profession, this manifests in the provision of rote activities that do not really relate to the goals or the client's interests. 845:

Recommendations for adaptive equipment for increased safety and independence with activities of daily living (e.g. aids for getting dressed, shower chairs for bathing, and medication organizers for self-administering

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stakeholders focusing on mental health promotion and prevention; the development of coping strategies and resilience; environmental modifications and supports to foster participation in health-promoting occupations.

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performance. Occupational therapists specialize in teaching, educating, and supporting participation in activities that occupy an individual's time. It is an independent health profession sometimes categorized as an

461:, occupational therapists argued that a complex combination of social, economic, and biological reasons cause dysfunction. Principles and techniques were borrowed from many disciplines—including but not limited to 1217:

master's degree, entry-level Doctorate (OTD), post-professional Doctorate (DrOT or OTD), Doctor of Clinical Science in OT (CScD), Doctor of Philosophy in Occupational Therapy (PhD), and combined OTD/PhD degrees.

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sensory processing, distress, and pain perception. In a literature review, Meredith identified a number of ways that occupational therapists can effectively apply an attachment perspective, sometimes uniquely.

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Direct rehabilitation interventions, individually or in group settings to address physical, emotional and cognitive skills that are required for the patient to perform self-care and other important activities.

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Increasing the quality of life for an individual with cancer by engaging them in occupations that are meaningful, providing anxiety and stress reduction methods, and suggesting fatigue management strategies

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In recent times occupational therapy practitioners have challenged themselves to think more broadly about the potential scope of the profession, and expanded it to include working with groups experiencing

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Nature-based interventions and outdoor activities may be incorporated into occupational therapy practice as they can provide therapeutic benefits in various ways. Examples include therapeutic gardening,

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context. It is recommended to the clinicians to consider occupational justice in their everyday practice to promote the intention of helping people participate in tasks that they want and need to do.

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American Occupational Therapy Association (2017). Mental Health Promotion, Prevention, and Intervention in Occupational Therapy Practice. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy. 71(Suppl. 2).

958:(AD). When addressing driving, driver evaluations are administered to determine if drivers are safe behind the wheel. To enable independence of older adults at home, occupational therapists perform 1144:

OTs can design, develop, and/or provide programs that mitigate the negative impacts of occupational marginalization and enhance optimal levels of performance and wellbeing that enable participation

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prescribed graded activity from complete rest through to gentle exercise and eventually to activities such as digging, sawing, carpentry and window cleaning. During this period a farm colony near

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In addition, occupational therapy practitioner's roles have expanded to include political advocacy (from a grassroots base to higher legislation); for example, in 2010 PL 111-148 titled the

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factors (e.g., family history of mental illness). Occupational therapy practitioners are committed to early identification of and intervention for mental health challenges in all settings.

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prescribed music, travel, conversation and exercise to his patients. However, by medieval times the use of these interventions with people with mental illness was rare, if not nonexistent.

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American Occupational Therapy Association (2014c). Occupational therapy practice framework: Domain and process (3rd ed.). American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 68(Suppl. 1), S1–S48.

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Pyatak, E.A., Carandang, K., & Davis, S. (2015). "Developing a manualized occupational therapy diabetes management intervention: Resilient, Empowered, Active Living with diabetes".

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OTs providing interventions within a segregated population must focus on increasing occupational engagement through large-scale environmental modification and occupational exploration.

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to improve the quality of life for their clients. OTs are able to understand the unique needs of the individual in regards to occupational performance and have a strong background in

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to maintain independence, participate in meaningful activities, and live fulfilling lives. Some examples of areas that occupational therapists address with older adults are driving,

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Organization (WHO) since 1959, working together in programmes that aim to improve world health. WFOT supports the vision for healthy people, in alignment with the United Nations 17

3744:"Exploring the occupations of homeless adults living with mental illnesses in Toronto / Explorer les occupations d'adultes sans-abri atteints de maladies mentales vivant à Toronto" 3236:

Rogers, A.T.; Bai, G; Lavin, R.A.; Anderson, G.F. (2016-09-02). "Health Policy researchers find occupational therapy is only spending category that reduces hospital readmissions".

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was found to be the single most significant spending category in reducing the risk of readmission to the hospital for heart failure, pneumonia, and acute myocardial infarction.

356:. Early professionals merged highly valued ideals, such as having a strong work ethic and the importance of crafting with one's own hands with scientific and medical principles. 1935: 1155:

OTs can advocate fostering for supportive environments for participation in occupations that promote individuals' well-being and in advocating for building healthy public policy

810:, backpack awareness, recess promotion, school lunches, and PE inclusion. They also heavily work with students with learning disabilities such as those on the autism spectrum. 568:

World Federation of Occupational Therapist's Resource Centre has many position statements on occupational therapy's roles regarding their participation in human rights issues.

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American Occupational Therapy Association. (2008). Occupational therapy practice framework: Domain and process (2nd ed). American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 62, 625–683.

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OTs can address occupational engagement through group and individual skill-building opportunities, as well as community-based experiences that explore free and local resources

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Hocking, C and Whiteford, G (1995). Multiculturalism in occupational therapy: A time for reflection on core values. Australian Occupational Therapy Journal, 42(4), 172–175.

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Bailliard, A. L.; Whigham, S. C. (2017). "Centennial Topics—Linking neuroscience, function, and intervention: A scoping review of sensory processing and mental illness".

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century, the underlying philosophy of occupational therapy has evolved from being a diversion from illness, to treatment, to enablement through meaningful occupation.

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to focus on helping clients achieve goals. Thus, the use of varied and diverse assistive technology is strongly supported within occupational therapy practice models.

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Schoen, S.A.; Miller, L.J. (2018). "A retrospective pre-post treatment study of occupational therapy intervention for children with sensory processing challenges".

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Individuals must pass a national board certification and apply for a state license in most states. Occupational therapists often work closely with professionals in

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training, accommodations, compensatory strategies) (Brown, 2012); identification and implementation of healthy habits, rituals, and routines to support wellness.

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The military enlisted the assistance of NSPOT to recruit and train over 1,200 "reconstruction aides" to help with the rehabilitation of those wounded in the war.

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Kozlowska, Kasia; English, Margaret; Savage, Blanche (2012-09-11). "Connecting body and mind: The first interview with somatising patients and their families".

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Supporting self-regulation within neurodivergent children whose neurobiology does not align with the sensory environment or the contexts in which they function

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provides a framework through which occupational therapists assist and contribute to promoting health and ensures structure and consistency among therapists.

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Helping disabled children to participate in meaningful activities at home, school, and within the community (independent mobility is often a central concern)

3607: 3418: 1635: 1480:. It views the client as the center of all therapeutic activity, and the client's needs and goals direct the delivery of the occupational therapy process. 1423:

Other models which incorporate biology (body and brain), psychology (mind), and social (relational, attachment) elements influencing human health include

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Coaching individuals with hand amputations how to put on and take off a myoelectrically controlled limb as well as training for functional use of the limb

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help children fulfill their role as students and prepare them to transition to post-secondary education, career and community integration (AOTA, n.d.-b).

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Note that terminology differs between scholars. An incomplete list of theoretical bases for framing a human and their occupations include the following:

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Punwar, A.J. (1994). Philosophy of Occupational Therapy in Occupational Therapy, Principles and practice. 2nd Ed. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, 7–20.

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Trimboli, C (2017). "Occupational justice for asylum seeker and refugee children: Issues, effects, and action.". In Sakellariou, D; Pollard, N (eds.).

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occupational therapists working worldwide (many of whom work with children) and 778 academic institutions providing occupational therapy instruction.

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Three commonly mentioned philosophical precepts of occupational therapy are that occupation is necessary for health, that its theories are based on

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The Process and Outcomes of a Multimethod needs assessment at a homeless shelter, Finlayson et al. (2002), American Journal of Occupational Therapy

2679: 2249: 6410: 6199: 5562: 5538: 4151: 3201:

Britton, L; Rosenwax, L; McNamara, B (2015). "Occupational therapy practice in acute physical hospital settings: Evidence from a scoping review".

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Polatajko HJ (October 2001). "The evolution of our occupational perspective: the journey from diversion through therapeutic use to enablement".

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Diaz J, Cosbey J (July 2018). "A Systematic Review of Caregiver-Implemented Mealtime Interventions for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder".

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occupational therapy programs that have emerged targeting health and wellness are the Lifestyle Redesign Program and the REAL Diabetes Program.

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and therapists should translate it to the occupational therapy perspective, to avoid the risk of movement or exercise becoming the main focus.

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of occupational therapy has evolved over the history of the profession. The philosophy articulated by the founders owed much to the ideals of

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Advocacy by providing information to policy to prevent possible unintended occupational deprivation and increase social cohesion and inclusion

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Helping students develop the skills necessary to transition to post-high school employment, independent living or further education (AOTA).

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in England were established, both of which aimed to employ people in appropriate long-term work prior to their return to open employment.

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Simon, A. U., & Collins, C. E. R. (2017). "Lifestyle Redesign for chronic pain management: A retrospective clinical efficacy study".

5648: 3165: 1900:"Influence of the U.S. Military and Occupational Therapy Reconstruction Aides in World War I on the Development of Occupational Therapy" 364: 3787: 2161: 302:

reformed the mental asylum system. Their institutions used rigorous work and leisure activities. This became part of what was known as

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OTs can design, develop and promote programs that can be inclusive and provide a variety of choices that the individual can engage in.

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Analyzing task, modifying activities and environments to minimize barriers to participation in meaningful activities of daily living.

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who had visited similar establishments in America. (Casson had also earlier worked under the transformative English social reformer

113: 91: 3340:

Anderson, S. L. & Lehman, S. S. (2014). Treating the visual consequences of traumatic brain injury, OT Practice, 19 (20), 7-11.

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OTs can recommend the removal of environmental barriers to facilitate occupation, whilst designing programs that enable engagement.

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Support the needs of students with significant challenges such as helping to determine methods for alternate assessment of learning

306:. Although it was thriving in Europe, interest in the reform movement fluctuated in the United States throughout the 19th century. 2182: 692:

Objectives that an occupational therapist addresses with children and youth may take a variety of forms. Examples are as follows:

5518: 5246: 2358:

Gray, Julie McLaughlin (12 July 2009). "Discussion of the ICIDH-2 in Relation to Occupational Therapy and Occupational Science".

1614: 1225: 474: 2922:"A randomized controlled pilot study of the effectiveness of occupational therapy for children with sensory modulation disorder" 457:

The emergence of occupational therapy challenged the views of mainstream scientific medicine. Instead of focusing purely on the

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The earliest evidence of using occupations as a method of therapy can be found in ancient times. In c. 100 BCE, Greek physician

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stemming from sources other than disability. Examples of new and emerging practice areas would include therapists working with

887:

prevention, and intensive interventions across the lifespan (Miles et al., 2010). Below are the three major levels of service:

412: 3490: 1583: 548:

new treatment approaches, possibly the most groundbreaking being the sensory integrative approach developed by A. Jean Ayres.

6416: 6281: 5936: 5585: 5533: 5472: 5452: 5059:

McMillan, R. (2002). "Assumptions Underpinning a Biomechanical Frame of Reference in Occupational Therapy". In Duncan (ed.).

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Occupational therapists have specific knowledge to increase participation in school routines throughout the day, including:

352:

In the United States, the health profession of occupational therapy was conceived in the early 1910s as a reflection of the

234: 4122:

Hocking C, Whiteford G (27 August 2010). "Multiculturalism in occupational therapy: A time for reflection on core values".

6461: 6152: 5905: 1520: 5307: 4576:

Occupational Therapy without borders:learning from the spirit of survivors, Kronenburg et al., Churchill Livingstone 2004

3359:, Occupational therapy services for persons with visual impairment, American Occupational Therapy Association Fact Sheet. 2313:

Enabling Occupation II: Advancing an Occupational Therapy Vision for Health, Well-being, & Justice Through Occupation

2132: 6194: 6127: 5880: 5668: 4343:

Whiteford, Gail; Fossey, Ellie (March 2002). "Occupation: The essential nexus between philosophy, theory and practice".

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treated patients with a mental illness humanely using therapeutic baths, massage, exercise, and music. Later, the Roman

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Meredith, Pamela Joy; Andrews, Nicole Emma; Thackeray, Jessica; Bowen, Sophie; Poll, Cory; Strong, Jenny (2021-11-11).

3956: 3898: 2841: 6331: 6023: 5931: 5895: 5733: 5462: 1499: 1008:

at day rehabilitation programs to promote successful relationships and community participation through instruction on

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development through providing intervention to develop fine motor and writing readiness skills in school-aged children.

458: 383:

In 1915, Slagle opened the first occupational therapy training program, the Henry B. Favill School of Occupations, at

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American Occupational Therapy Association. (2013). "Occupational therapy in the promotion of health and well-being".

2219: 73: 4250:

Christiansen, Charles (July 2007). "Adolf Meyer Revisited: Connections between Lifestyles, Resilience and Illness".

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They also perform home safety assessments to suggest modifications for improved safety and function after discharge.

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Functional somatic symptoms in children and adolescents : a stress-system approach to assessment and treatment

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Assessing ergonomics and assistive seating options to maximize independent function, while alleviating the risk of

4178:

Yerxa EJ (1983). "Audacious values: The energy source for occupational therapy practice.". In Kielhofner G (ed.).

3166:"Health policy researchers find occupational therapy is only spending category that reduces hospital readmissions" 1166:

OTs can develop individualized activities tailored to the interests of the individual to maximize their potential.

5989: 5900: 5885: 5743: 5718: 4678:

Lee J (July 2010). "Achieving best practice: a review of evidence linked to occupation-focused practice models".

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Cahill et al. (2009, April). Creating partnerships to promote health and fitness in children, OT Practice, 10–13.

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Townsend E, Wilcock AA (April 2004). "Occupational justice and client-centred practice: a dialogue in progress".

3603: 3463: 3414: 3279: 1828:"Thomas Bessell Kidner and the Development of Occupational Therapy in the United Kingdom: Establishing the Links" 1643: 1515:

member country organizations, 550,000 occupational therapy practitioners, and 900 approved educational programs.

615: 175: 69: 3370: 2344:

American Occupational Therapy Association. (2002). Occupational therapy practice framework: Domain and process.

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his own practice and think of ways in approaching their client's problems while promoting occupational justice.

403: 6306: 6286: 6179: 5793: 5523: 5467: 325: 136: 6381: 5803: 5768: 3979:"Gardening as a meaningful occupation in initial stroke rehabilitation: An occupational therapist perspective" 3630: 2054: 6351: 6137: 5427: 5119:

Parham, L. D.; Cohn, E. S.; Spitzer, S.; Koomar, J. A.; Miller, L. M.; Burke, J. P.; Summers, C. A. (2007).

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Mocellin, George (5 November 2016). "A Perspective on the Principles and Practice of Occupational Therapy".

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Instructing caregivers in regard to mealtime intervention for autistic children who have feeding challenges.

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Bonham-Corcoran, Meabh; Armstrong, Alexandra; O'Briain, Amy; Cassidy, Amy; Turner, Niall (March 31, 2022).

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Scaffa, M. E., & Reitz, S. M. (2013). Occupational therapy community-based practice settings. FA Davis.

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Breines, Estelle (27 August 2010). "Genesis of Occupation: A Philosophical Model for Therapy and Theory".

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these components and how this interaction works to inhibit or promote successful engagement in occupation.

1320: 955: 3863:"Animal assisted therapy for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: Parent perspectives" 5941: 5447: 5442: 5417: 5213: 4517:

Kielhofner, G. (1997). Conceptual Foundations of Occupational Therapy. 2nd Ed. Philadelphia, F.A. Davis.

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One of the most widely cited early papers about the philosophy of occupational therapy was presented by

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For example, the role of an occupational therapist working to promote occupational justice may include:

360: 333: 299: 31: 4955:"Can Sensory- and Attachment-Informed Approaches Modify the Perception of Pain? An Experimental Study" 4226:

Chapparo C, Ranka J (2000). "Clinical reasoning in occupational therapy". In Higgs J, Jones M (eds.).

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OTs can help in raising awareness and bringing communities together to reduce occupational deprivation

696:

Providing rehabilitation activities to children with neuromuscular disabilities such as cerebral palsy

6142: 6117: 5921: 5838: 5688: 5678: 5638: 5593: 5477: 5422: 5412: 5402: 5397: 5104:

Parham, L. D.; Mailloux, Z. (2010). "Sensory integration". In Case-Smith, J.; O'Brien, J. C. (eds.).

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Rogers, JC (1983). "Eleanor Clarke Slagle Lecture. Clinical Reasoning; the ethics, science and art".

4080: 3491:"Assistive Technology in Residential Facilities: A Strategy for Supporting Adults With Complex Needs" 3252: 3113:

Kaelin VC, Ray-Kaeser S, Moioli S, Kocher Stalder C, Santinelli L, Echsel A, Schulze C (2019-05-13).

1047: 552: 500: 262: 3822:"The benefits of nature-based therapy for the individual and the environment: An integrative review" 2421:

Haglund L, Henriksson C (November 2003). "Concepts in occupational therapy in relation to the ICF".

6276: 6159: 6147: 6112: 5890: 5875: 5868: 5848: 5618: 5600: 5543: 5482: 5432: 5392: 3115:"Occupational Therapy Practice in Mainstream Schools: Results from an Online Survey in Switzerland" 1669: 1270: 424: 3542: 2716: 2622: 1023:

Using and implementing new technology such as speech to text software and Nintendo Wii video games

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Occupational therapy practitioners target school-wide advocacy for health and wellness including:

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Meyer, A (1922). The philosophy of occupation therapy. Archives of Occupational Therapy, 1, 1–10.

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support patients in acute care as they focus on both clinical and social determinants of health.

3516: 1582:. Canadian Association of Occupational Therapists | Association canadienne des ergothérapeutes. 536:

Another textbook was published in the United States for occupational therapy in 1947, edited by

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Training in assistive device technology, meaningful and purposeful activities, and life skills.

6361: 6174: 5853: 5828: 5723: 5708: 5183: 5140: 5041: 5033: 4994: 4976: 4935: 4891: 4881: 4845: 4837: 4802: 4695: 4645: 4559: 4387: 4208: 4198: 4096: 3940: 3882: 3771: 3763: 3701: 3218: 3146: 2943: 2776: 2538: 2530: 2484: 2476: 2438: 2316: 2106: 2034: 1985: 1977: 1927: 1919: 1874:"What is the American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA)? - Chicago Occupational Therapy" 1847: 1808: 1769: 1719: 1680: 947: 758:

Modification of the school environment to allow physical access for children with disabilities

729: 715: 541: 124: 6102: 6097: 5763: 5703: 5286: 5175: 5132: 5025: 4984: 4966: 4925: 4829: 4792: 4784: 4687: 4637: 4549: 4492: 4457: 4422: 4379: 4352: 4317: 4259: 4160: 4131: 4088: 4041: 4030:"Therapeutic horticulture: A mechanism for participate to learn in inpatient rehabilitation" 4000: 3990: 3932: 3874: 3833: 3755: 3693: 3210: 3136: 3126: 3097: 3077: 3057: 2993: 2933: 2768: 2522: 2468: 2430: 2403: 2367: 2308: 2280: 2153: 2096: 1969: 1911: 1839: 1800: 1759: 1709: 1428: 1312: 914: 537: 505: 462: 391: 341: 230: 3921:"Animal-assisted intervention for autism spectrum disorder: a systematic literature review" 3743: 423:(NSPOT) was founded in October 1917 by Slagle, Kidner and others including American doctor 6376: 6356: 6184: 5863: 5858: 3356: 3328: 3309: 3040: 1676: 1376: 959: 674: 353: 321:, and mental illness brought about an increasing social awareness of the issues involved. 303: 209:

Support of individuals across the age spectrum experiencing physical and cognitive changes

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Mocellin, George (5 November 2016). "Occupational Therapy: A Critical Overview, Part 2".

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Mocellin, George (5 November 2016). "Occupational Therapy: A Critical Overview, Part 1".

3302: 4773:"The biopsychosocial model 25 years later: principles, practice, and scientific inquiry" 4084: 3742:

Illman, Sarah C.; Spence, Sandy; O'Campo, Patricia J.; Kirsh, Bonnie H. (October 2013).

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scientific foundation is integrated with knowledge from psychology, sociology and more.

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Pressure sore prevention for those with sensation loss such as in spinal cord injuries.

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Denton's 1918 article "The Principles of Occupational Therapy" appeared in the journal

295: 213: 5238: 5013: 3604:"Everything you need to know about traveling occupational therapist – jobs and salary" 1804: 1527:

seen as a human right and is asserted as a strong influence in health and well-being.

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Occupational Performances Model – Australia (OPM-A) (Chris Chapparo & Judy Ranka)

1200:

source cited in the study found similar results with AAT employing horses and llamas.

6455: 6346: 6107: 5808: 5753: 5029: 4504: 4356: 4271: 4108: 4069:"Nature-based rehabilitation for adults with acquired brain injury: a scoping review" 4053: 4014: 3952: 3894: 3847: 2550: 2496: 2407: 2379: 1082:

Addressing physical and mental aspects that may hinder a person's functional ability.

1051: 1009: 703: 678: 400:

training and helping injured individuals to return to productive duties such as work.

314: 53: 5152: 4857: 4707: 4613:

Foster, M. (2002). "Theoretical Frameworks". In Turner, Foster & Johnson (ed.).

4585:

Occupation for Occupational Therapists, Matthew Molineux, Blackwell Publishing, 2004

4469: 4434: 4399: 4329: 3783: 1859: 1260:, which are collectively considered the fundamental ideologies of the past century. 1033:

Working with adults who have had a stroke to regain their activities of daily living

551:

The profession has continued to grow and expand its scope and settings of practice.

17: 6261: 6235: 6225: 5818: 5758: 5728: 5195: 3978: 3713: 3519:. Bureau of Labor Statistics, United States Department of Labor. 17 December 2015. 2788: 1997: 1332: 1295: 939: 509: 396: 318: 246: 5291: 5274: 5074:

Foster, M. (2002). "Theoretical Frameworks". In Turner, Foster and Johnson (ed.).

4263: 4092: 3312:, Prevalence of disability and disability type among adults – United States, 2013. 2998: 2981: 5554: 4691: 798:

Occupational therapy interventions for health and wellness vary in each setting:

142: 6271: 5738: 5633: 5628: 1477: 1369:

Occupational Therapy Intervention Process Model (OTIPM) (Anne Fisher and others)

1249: 1085:

Provide intervention that is relevant to the client, family, and social context.

739: 525:

such as crafts, but also increasingly in the use of activities of daily living.

486: 482: 250: 4496: 4461: 4426: 4383: 4321: 3878: 3697: 2371: 1843: 962:

assessments, assess clients functioning in their homes, and recommend specific

6371: 6321: 6291: 6266: 5788: 5778: 5653: 5643: 5623: 5613: 5089:

Parker, D. (2002). "The Client-Centered Frame of Reference". In Duncan (ed.).

5076:

Occupational Therapy and Physical Dysfunction: Principles, Skills and Practice

4895: 4212: 4045: 3936: 3838: 3821: 2526: 2472: 2124: 1406: 1253: 1245: 1027: 470: 384: 254: 170: 5179: 5037: 4980: 4930: 4913: 4841: 4833: 3767: 3759: 3101: 3081: 2772: 2534: 2480: 2284: 2271:"Occupational Therapy Practice Framework: Domain and Process (3rd Edition)". 1981: 1973: 1923: 1851: 1827: 1812: 6092: 6060: 5798: 5608: 3995: 3920: 3862: 3214: 3061: 2833: 2511:"Occupational Therapy Practice Framework: Domain and Process—Fourth Edition" 2457:"Occupational Therapy Practice Framework: Domain and Process—Fourth Edition" 2456: 1540: 764:

Helping to plan instructional activities for implementation in the classroom

478: 337: 238: 5329: 5325: 5187: 5144: 5045: 4998: 4971: 4939: 4875: 4849: 4806: 4699: 4563: 4391: 4100: 4068: 4029: 3944: 3886: 3775: 3705: 3222: 3150: 3131: 2947: 2780: 2542: 2488: 2442: 1989: 1773: 5136: 4746: 4649: 4641: 4554: 4537: 2938: 2921: 2211: 2110: 1958:"The Bluebirds: World War I Soldiers' Experiences of Occupational Therapy" 1931: 1915: 1764: 1747: 1723: 1714: 1697: 1000:

Occupational therapy in adult rehabilitation may take a variety of forms:

681:

which aligns with their neurodiversity, daily living skills, or attending

407:

Occupational therapy. Toy making in psychiatric hospital. World War I era.

6336: 5823: 5693: 5347: 4005: 2101: 2084: 1257: 1046:(OTs), are uniquely poised to educate, recommend, and promote the use of 951: 807: 555:, the study of occupation, was founded in 1989 by Elizabeth Yerxa at the 437:, and laid the foundation for the textbook he published in 1919 entitled 258: 606:

International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF)

375: 4880:. Palgrave Texts in Counselling and Psychotherapy. Palgrave Macmillan. 1328: 1324: 1030:

methods as a service delivery model for clients who live in rural areas

664:

Platform swing with tire used during occupational therapy with children

660: 466: 313:

This was a time in which the rising incidence of disability related to

242: 6012:

Istituto nazionale per l'assicurazione contro gli infortuni sul lavoro

4914:"Adult attachment, sensory processing, and distress in healthy adults" 4180:

Health through occupation: Theory and practice in occupational therapy

3569:"On the Road: The Adventures and Challenges of Life as a Traveling OT" 152: 6122: 3489:

Scheibe, R.; Redepenning, Sue; Johnson, Michele K. (9 January 2021).

2680:"What is the role of occupational therapist's in early intervention?" 1956:

Pettigrew, Judith; Robinson, Katie; Moloney, Stephanie (2017-01-01).

1636:"WFOT | Education | Entry level Educational Programmes WFOT Approved" 1307: 1005: 835:

Services delivered by occupational therapists in acute care include:

682: 670: 575:

ranked occupational therapy as #19 of their list of '100 Best Jobs'.

283: 5120: 4788: 4725:(4th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2434: 1679:

Bethesda, Maryland: American Occupational Therapy Association, Inc.

1294:

In the 1950s, criticism from medicine and the multitude of disabled

787:

According to the American Occupational Therapy Association's (AOTA)

4538:"Toward culturally relevant epistemologies in occupational therapy" 528:

The body that is now Occupational Therapy Australia began in 1944.

3280:"Occupational therapy services for persons with visual impairment" 2593:"Standing committee on health: Study on Canada's health workforce" 1388:

Canadian Model of Occupational Performance and Engagement (CMOP-E)

659: 612:

International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health

395:

program that engaged soldiers recovering from wartime injuries or

118:

US Navy Occupational therapists providing treatment to outpatients

4305: 4193:

McColl MA, Law M, Stewart D, Doubt L, Pollack N, Krupa T (2003).

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health and well-being of individuals with disabilities worldwide

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Occupational therapy during WWI: bedridden wounded are knitting.

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Occupations are individual. People value different occupations.

4034:

Journal of the Australasian Rehabilitation Nurses' Association

36: 5209: 1283:

Occupation brings meaning to life, culturally and personally.

588:

Occupational Therapy Practice Framework (OTPF, United States)

4874:

Kozlowska, Kasia; Scher, Stephen; Helgeland, Helene (2020).

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Occupation has a positive effect on health and well-being.

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National Society for the Promotion of Occupational Therapy

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Occupational therapy in the management of cerebral palsy

5121:"Fidelity in sensory integration intervention research" 5014:"Introducing attachment theory to occupational therapy" 3331:, Occupational therapy brand toolbox wallet-sized guide 2665:

Conceptual foundations of occupational therapy practice

1433:

dynamic-maturational model of attachment and adaptation

814:

school environment rather than the child's disability.

761:

Provide assistive technology to support student success

65: 4073:

International Journal of Environmental Health Research

1476:

This frame of reference is developed from the work of

842:

Caregiver training to assist patients after discharge.

6035:

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

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World Federation of Occupational Therapists Bulletin

2183:"Eleanor Clarke Slagle Lectureship Award Recipients" 1670:

Occupational Therapy: The First 35 Years, 1900–1930.

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Neurofunctional (Gordon Muir Giles and Clark-Wilson)

416:

presented a daunting challenge to those in command.

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Education in the disease and rehabilitation process

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London: Elsevier Limited. pp. 255–275. 4615:Occupational Therapy and Physical Dysfunction 3925:Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 3867:Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 3400:Occupational Therapy for Physical Dysfunction 2031:Willard & Spackman's Occupational Therapy 1372:Occupational Performance Process Model (OPPM) 1298:veterans resulted in the emergence of a more 294:In late 18th-century Europe, doctors such as 50:The examples and perspective in this article 8: 4542:The American Journal of Occupational Therapy 4228:Clinical reasoning in the health professions 3074:The American Journal of Occupational Therapy 3028: 3026: 2926:The American Journal of Occupational Therapy 2515:The American Journal of Occupational Therapy 2461:The American Journal of Occupational Therapy 2360:Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy 2089:The American Journal of Occupational Therapy 1962:The American Journal of Occupational Therapy 1904:The American Journal of Occupational Therapy 1752:The American Journal of Occupational Therapy 1736:Patterson 1997, cited in Turner et al., 2003 1702:The American Journal of Occupational Therapy 224:Exploring vocational activities with clients 5343:World Federation of Occupational Therapists 3462:American Occupational Therapy Association. 3440:American Occupational Therapy Association. 3413:American Occupational Therapy Association. 3369:American Occupational Therapy Association. 3164:American Occupational Therapy Association. 2986:World Federation of Occupational Therapists 2838:Individuals with Disabilities Education Act 2302: 2300: 2298: 2296: 2294: 1748:"Embracing our ethos, reclaiming our heart" 1640:World Federation of Occupational Therapists 1226:World Federation of Occupational Therapists 413:entry of the United States into World War I 5969: 5674:Coalworker's pneumoconiosis ("black lung") 5577: 5563: 5555: 5370: 5356: 5348: 4182:. Philadelphia: FA Davis. pp. 149–62. 3094:OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health 1561:Occupational therapy in the United Kingdom 875:Education and Professional Qualifications 565:Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act 112: 5290: 4988: 4970: 4929: 4796: 4553: 4195:Theoretical basis of occupational therapy 4004: 3994: 3837: 3173:American Occupational Therapy Association 3140: 3130: 2997: 2937: 2900:American Occupational Therapy Association 2869:American Occupational Therapy Association 2100: 1763: 1713: 1664: 1662: 1660: 1610:American Occupational Therapy Association 645:Canadian Institute for Health Information 187:American Occupational Therapy Association 92:Learn how and when to remove this message 5330:https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2017.716S03 5326:https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2014.682006 5168:American Journal of Occupational Therapy 5125:American Journal of Occupational Therapy 4918:American Journal of Occupational Therapy 4822:Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry 4630:American Journal of Occupational Therapy 4372:Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy 4067:Vibholm, Anne Pernille (December 2020). 3983:The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy 3748:Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy 3686:Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy 3054:American Journal of Occupational Therapy 3018:American Journal of Occupational Therapy 2963:The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy 2346:American Journal of Occupational Therapy 2273:American Journal of Occupational Therapy 1485:Cognitive-behavioural frame of reference 917:classrooms, home, or work environments) 402: 374: 6200:Immediately dangerous to life or health 5018:Australian Occupational Therapy Journal 4485:British Journal of Occupational Therapy 4450:British Journal of Occupational Therapy 4415:British Journal of Occupational Therapy 4345:Australian Occupational Therapy Journal 4310:British Journal of Occupational Therapy 4152:Australian Occupational Therapy Journal 4124:Australian Occupational Therapy Journal 3203:Australian Occupational Therapy Journal 3020:, 68, S4. doi:10.5014/ajot.2014.682006. 2748:. Maryland Heights, MO: Mosby/Elsevier. 2652:. Maryland Heights, MO: Mosby/Elsevier. 2396:Australian Occupational Therapy Journal 1832:British Journal of Occupational Therapy 1571: 1042:Occupational therapy practitioners, or 789:Occupational Therapy Practice Framework 721:Providing individualized treatment for 390:British-Canadian teacher and architect 6387:Workplace hazard controls for COVID-19 5659:Chronic solvent-induced encephalopathy 5268: 5266: 5264: 5233: 5231: 4907: 4905: 4869: 4867: 3729:Occupational therapies without borders 3631:"Travel occupational therapist salary" 2920:Miller LJ, Coll JR, Schoen SA (2007). 2667:. Philadelphia, PA: F.A.Davis Company. 2279:(Suppl. 1): S1–S48. March–April 2014. 2154:"About Occupational Therapy Australia" 1789:"A farm colony for cured consumptives" 1698:"Moral treatment: contexts considered" 651:Areas of practice in the United States 103: 3826:Irish Journal of Occupational Therapy 3497:from the original on 15 November 2020 3421:from the original on 22 February 2013 3182:from the original on 11 December 2023 2024: 2022: 2020: 2018: 1668:Quiroga, Virginia A. M., PhD (1995), 7: 6434: 6077:Working Environment Convention, 1977 4304:Douglas, Fiona M (5 November 2016). 3919:O'Haire, Marguerite E. (July 2013). 3657:"2015 Salary & Workforce Survey" 3583:from the original on 24 October 2020 3259:from the original on 16 January 2013 348:Development into a health profession 6246:Workers' right to access the toilet 4680:Occupational Therapy in Health Care 3523:from the original on 28 August 2019 2896:"School-based occupational therapy" 2813:from the original on August 2, 2019 2696:from the original on August 3, 2019 2252:from the original on 28 August 2022 1473:Client-centered frame of reference 1365:Occupation-focused practice models 597:Canadian Practice Process Framework 489:—to enrich the profession's scope. 365:The Henry Phipps Psychiatric Clinic 290:Moral treatment and graded activity 148: 6317:International Chemical Safety Card 5249:from the original on 3 August 2019 5216:from the original on 3 August 2019 4165:10.1111/j.1440-1630.1990.tb01229.x 4136:10.1111/j.1440-1630.1995.tb01333.x 3602:Top Occupational Therapy Schools. 3464:"Veteran and Wounded Warrior Care" 3415:"New Technology in Rehabilitation" 3119:Occupational Therapy International 2875:from the original on July 27, 2018 2844:from the original on July 27, 2018 2832:United States Dept. of Education. 2629:from the original on 28 April 2012 2423:Occupational Therapy International 2222:from the original on 6 August 2019 1488:Ecology of human performance model 1375:Model of Human Occupation (MOHO) ( 938:Occupational therapists work with 25: 6327:National Day of Mourning (Canada) 5985:International Labour Organization 5174:(5): 7105100040p1–7105100040p18. 5106:Occupational therapy for children 3637:from the original on 31 July 2019 3470:from the original on 27 June 2012 2746:Occupational Therapy for Children 2650:Occupational Therapy for Children 1455:Biomechanical frame of reference 557:University of Southern California 206:Mental dysfunction rehabilitation 6433: 6405: 6404: 5511: 5510: 5239:"World Occupational Therapy Day" 5078:. London: Churchill Livingstone. 5030:10.1111/j.1440-1630.2009.00789.x 4924:(1): 7001250010p1–7001250010p8. 4357:10.1046/j.0045-0766.2002.00317.x 3610:from the original on 7 June 2019 3238:Medical Care Research and Review 2408:10.1111/j.1440-1630.2006.00573.x 1968:(1): 7101100010p1–7101100010p9. 1898:Gutman, Sharon A. (1995-03-01). 1826:Friedland, Judith (2007-07-01). 718:, and executive function skills. 495:Prescribing Occupational Therapy 41: 4753:from the original on 2019-01-29 4749:. Occupationalperformance.com. 4252:Journal of Occupational Science 4028:Boyle, Claire L. (April 2019). 3959:from the original on 2023-04-13 3901:from the original on 2023-04-13 3790:from the original on 2023-02-13 3731:(2 ed.). pp. 596–603. 3663:from the original on 2017-11-23 3549:from the original on 2023-04-10 3517:"Occupational Outlook Handbook" 3377:from the original on 2012-06-27 2557:from the original on 2023-06-09 2193:from the original on 2018-07-28 2164:from the original on 2024-07-27 2135:from the original on 2017-08-30 2065:from the original on 2018-07-25 2004:from the original on 2023-02-18 1938:from the original on 2023-02-18 1880:from the original on 2023-06-08 1793:British Journal of Tuberculosis 1746:Peloquin SM (1 November 2005). 1617:from the original on 2017-05-05 1586:from the original on 2017-06-06 891:Tier 3: intensive interventions 6282:Environment, health and safety 5937:Occupational health psychology 5586:Occupational safety and health 5539:Occupational safety and health 3567:Waite, Andrew (28 July 2014). 2834:"Sec. 300.34 Related services" 2803:"U.S. Department of Education" 1580:"What is Occupational Therapy" 1196:(AAT), and adventure therapy. 723:sensory processing differences 340:and a village settlement near 203:Physical injury rehabilitation 193:Common interventions include: 1: 6153:Personal protective equipment 5906:Workplace health surveillance 5498:Therapy in the United Kingdom 5292:10.1080/14473828.2018.1432472 4736:CAOT Publications ACE. 22–36. 4264:10.1080/14427591.2007.9686586 4093:10.1080/09603123.2019.1620183 2999:10.1080/14473828.2018.1432472 1805:10.1016/S0366-0850(11)80003-7 1521:Sustainable Development Goals 1464:Rehabilitative (compensatory) 221:Advocating for patient health 6195:Standard operating procedure 6128:Hierarchy of hazard controls 5881:Hierarchy of hazard controls 4959:Pain Research and Management 4692:10.3109/07380577.2010.483270 4536:Iwama M (1 September 2003). 3977:Patil, Grete (Summer 2019). 3861:London, Maeve Doyle (2020). 2246:U.S. News & World Report 1787:Philip, R. W. (1911-04-01). 1605:"About Occupational Therapy" 1138:Occupational marginalization 708:generalized anxiety disorder 573:U.S. News & World Report 329:during long hospital stays. 6332:NIOSH air filtration rating 6024:Health and Safety Executive 5932:Occupational health nursing 5896:Occupational exposure limit 5734:Hospital-acquired infection 5699:Exposure to human nail dust 3043:. Retrieved August 1, 2019. 1696:Peloquin SM (August 1989). 1510:Global occupational therapy 1500:Sensory processing disorder 1240:Philosophical underpinnings 1058:Travel occupational therapy 970:Geriatrics/productive aging 68:, discuss the issue on the 6478: 6392:Workplace health promotion 6297:Hawks Nest Tunnel disaster 6071:Worker Protection Standard 5774:Noise-induced hearing loss 5273:Pattison, Marilyn (2018). 4497:10.1177/030802269605900104 4462:10.1177/030802269505801202 4427:10.1177/030802268805100103 4384:10.1177/000841740106800401 4322:10.1177/030802260406700601 3879:10.1007/s10803-020-04512-5 3698:10.1177/000841740407100203 3350:Warren & Noble.(2016). 2980:Pattison, Marilyn (2018). 2372:10.1080/110381201300078465 2212:"Events from 2010 to 2017" 1844:10.1177/030802260707000704 1425:interpersonal neurobiology 1331:, and people experiencing 921:Tier 1: universal services 29: 6400: 5990:World Health Organization 5901:Occupational epidemiology 5886:Prevention through design 5744:Laboratory animal allergy 5669:Chimney sweeps' carcinoma 5644:Byssinosis ("brown lung") 5506: 5383: 5012:Meredith, Pamela (2009). 4777:Annals of Family Medicine 4046:10.33235/jarna.22.1.16-21 3937:10.1007/s10803-012-1707-5 3839:10.1108/IJOT-06-2021-0015 2678:Stoffel, A.; Schleis, R. 2663:Kielhofner, Gary (2009). 2527:10.5014/ajot.2020.74S2001 2473:10.5014/ajot.2020.74s2001 2083:Colman W (January 1992). 1004:Working with adults with 904:Tier 2: targeted services 616:World Health Organisation 235:speech–language pathology 149: 111: 6307:Hostile work environment 6287:Environmental toxicology 6180:Redundancy (engineering) 5794:Repetitive strain injury 5529:Aspects of organizations 5468:Repetitive strain injury 5180:10.5014/ajot.2017.024497 4931:10.5014/ajot.2016.017376 4834:10.1177/1359104512447314 3760:10.1177/0008417413506555 3102:10.1177/1539449215584310 3082:10.5014/ajot.2017.025502 2773:10.1177/1539449218765459 2285:10.5014/ajot.2014.682006 1974:10.5014/ajot.2017.023812 1327:, children experiencing 1107:Occupational deprivation 326:Arts and Crafts movement 176:allied health profession 52:deal primarily with the 30:Not to be confused with 6352:Quality of working life 6138:Administrative controls 5519:Aspects of corporations 4721:Kielhofner, G. (2008). 3996:10.15453/2168-6408.1561 3398:Radomski, M.V. (2008). 3215:10.1111/1440-1630.12227 3062:10.5014/ajot.2013.67S47 2865:"School-based practice" 2744:Case-Smith, J. (2010). 2648:Case-Smith, J. (2010). 2307:Elizabeth A. Townsend; 1412:Biopsychosocial models 1194:animal-assisted therapy 1178:Community-based therapy 1160:Occupational alienation 1044:occupational therapists 359:American social worker 180:occupational therapists 56:and do not represent a 5947:Occupational therapist 5927:Industrial engineering 5719:Glassblower's cataract 5684:Decompression sickness 5378:Aspects of occupations 1546:Occupational apartheid 1470:Dynamic systems theory 1339:Theoretical frameworks 1321:occupational injustice 1149:Occupational imbalance 1124:Occupational apartheid 1098:Occupational injustice 665: 439:Reconstruction Therapy 408: 380: 6417:Occupational diseases 6382:Workers' compensation 5942:Occupational medicine 5804:Silo-filler's disease 5769:Mule spinners' cancer 5534:Aspects of workplaces 5137:10.5014/ajot.61.2.216 4642:10.5014/ajot.37.9.601 4555:10.5014/ajot.57.5.582 4111:– via WorldCat. 4056:– via WorldCat. 2939:10.5014/ajot.61.2.228 1916:10.5014/ajot.49.3.256 1765:10.5014/ajot.59.6.611 1715:10.5014/ajot.43.8.537 1417:biopsychosocial model 663: 406: 378: 361:Eleanor Clarke Slagle 334:Robert William Philip 300:Johann Christian Reil 32:Occupational medicine 27:Healthcare profession 6462:Occupational therapy 6143:Engineering controls 6118:Emergency evacuation 5922:Environmental health 5689:De Quervain syndrome 5679:Concussions in sport 4972:10.1155/2021/5527261 3132:10.1155/2019/3647397 2717:"Children and Youth" 2623:"Children and Youth" 2102:10.5014/ajot.46.1.63 2029:Gordon, Don (2009). 1494:Sensory integration 1187:Nature-based therapy 1067:Occupational justice 1048:assistive technology 1038:Assistive technology 992:Adult rehabilitation 553:Occupational science 501:Margaret Barr Fulton 315:industrial accidents 263:assistive technology 163:Occupational therapy 107:Occupational therapy 74:create a new article 66:improve this article 18:Recuperative therapy 6277:Effects of overtime 6160:Job safety analysis 6148:Hazard substitution 6113:Emergency procedure 5891:Exposure assessment 5876:Occupational stress 5869:Psychosocial hazard 5849:Occupational hazard 5714:Flock worker's lung 4085:2020IJEHR..30..661V 3966:– via PubMed. 3908:– via PubMed. 2309:Helene J. Polatajko 1446:Frames of reference 1271:William Rush Dunton 956:Alzheimer's disease 863:activity programs. 808:bullying prevention 783:Health and wellness 579:Practice frameworks 425:William Rush Denton 6312:Indoor air quality 6216:Diving regulations 6133:Hazard elimination 5952:Safety engineering 5515:See also templates 3371:"Autism in Adults" 3355:2018-07-28 at the 3327:2018-07-28 at the 3308:2018-09-08 at the 3096:, 35(3), 187-194. 3039:2019-05-18 at the 1675:2017-10-22 at the 1491:The recovery model 1407:Kawa (River) Model 1026:Communicating via 964:home modifications 666: 656:Children and youth 409: 381: 6449: 6448: 6362:Safety data sheet 6175:Operations manual 6056:Bangladesh Accord 6044: 6043: 5854:Biological hazard 5552: 5551: 5473:Safety and health 4887:978-3-030-46184-3 3873:(12): 4492–4503. 2322:978-1-895437-76-8 2040:978-0-7817-6004-1 1685:978-1-56900-025-0 1052:activity analysis 979:Visual impairment 716:visual processing 635:Practice settings 542:Clare S. Spackman 532:Post-World War II 160: 159: 102: 101: 94: 76:, as appropriate. 16:(Redirected from 6469: 6437: 6436: 6408: 6407: 6103:Contingency plan 6098:Code of practice 5970: 5764:Metal fume fever 5579: 5572: 5565: 5556: 5514: 5513: 5372: 5365: 5358: 5349: 5319: 5318: 5316: 5315: 5303: 5297: 5296: 5294: 5270: 5259: 5258: 5256: 5254: 5235: 5226: 5225: 5223: 5221: 5206: 5200: 5199: 5163: 5157: 5156: 5116: 5110: 5109: 5101: 5095: 5094: 5086: 5080: 5079: 5071: 5065: 5064: 5056: 5050: 5049: 5009: 5003: 5002: 4992: 4974: 4950: 4944: 4943: 4933: 4909: 4900: 4899: 4871: 4862: 4861: 4817: 4811: 4810: 4800: 4768: 4762: 4761: 4759: 4758: 4743: 4737: 4733: 4727: 4726: 4718: 4712: 4711: 4675: 4669: 4668: 4660: 4654: 4653: 4625: 4619: 4618: 4610: 4604: 4601: 4595: 4592: 4586: 4583: 4577: 4574: 4568: 4567: 4557: 4533: 4527: 4524: 4518: 4515: 4509: 4508: 4480: 4474: 4473: 4445: 4439: 4438: 4410: 4404: 4403: 4367: 4361: 4360: 4340: 4334: 4333: 4301: 4295: 4292: 4286: 4282: 4276: 4275: 4247: 4241: 4238: 4232: 4231: 4223: 4217: 4216: 4190: 4184: 4183: 4175: 4169: 4168: 4146: 4140: 4139: 4119: 4113: 4112: 4064: 4058: 4057: 4025: 4019: 4018: 4008: 3998: 3974: 3968: 3967: 3965: 3964: 3931:(7): 1606–1622. 3916: 3910: 3909: 3907: 3906: 3858: 3852: 3851: 3841: 3817: 3811: 3808: 3799: 3798: 3796: 3795: 3739: 3733: 3732: 3724: 3718: 3717: 3681: 3672: 3671: 3669: 3668: 3653: 3647: 3646: 3644: 3642: 3626: 3620: 3619: 3617: 3615: 3599: 3593: 3592: 3590: 3588: 3564: 3558: 3557: 3555: 3554: 3539: 3533: 3532: 3530: 3528: 3513: 3507: 3506: 3504: 3502: 3486: 3480: 3479: 3477: 3475: 3459: 3453: 3452: 3450: 3448: 3437: 3431: 3430: 3428: 3426: 3410: 3404: 3403: 3395: 3386: 3385: 3383: 3382: 3366: 3360: 3347: 3341: 3338: 3332: 3319: 3313: 3300: 3294: 3293: 3291: 3289: 3284: 3275: 3269: 3268: 3266: 3264: 3248: 3242: 3241: 3233: 3227: 3226: 3198: 3192: 3191: 3189: 3187: 3181: 3170: 3161: 3155: 3154: 3144: 3134: 3110: 3104: 3090: 3084: 3070: 3064: 3050: 3044: 3030: 3021: 3010: 3004: 3003: 3001: 2977: 2971: 2970: 2958: 2952: 2951: 2941: 2917: 2911: 2910: 2908: 2906: 2891: 2885: 2884: 2882: 2880: 2860: 2854: 2853: 2851: 2849: 2829: 2823: 2822: 2820: 2818: 2799: 2793: 2792: 2756: 2750: 2749: 2741: 2728: 2727: 2725: 2723: 2712: 2706: 2705: 2703: 2701: 2695: 2684: 2675: 2669: 2668: 2660: 2654: 2653: 2645: 2639: 2638: 2636: 2634: 2618: 2612: 2611: 2609: 2607: 2597: 2589: 2583: 2582: 2580: 2572: 2566: 2565: 2563: 2562: 2507: 2501: 2500: 2453: 2447: 2446: 2418: 2412: 2411: 2390: 2384: 2383: 2355: 2349: 2342: 2336: 2333: 2327: 2326: 2304: 2289: 2288: 2268: 2262: 2261: 2259: 2257: 2238: 2232: 2231: 2229: 2227: 2208: 2202: 2201: 2199: 2198: 2179: 2173: 2172: 2170: 2169: 2150: 2144: 2143: 2141: 2140: 2121: 2115: 2114: 2104: 2080: 2074: 2073: 2071: 2070: 2051: 2045: 2044: 2026: 2013: 2012: 2010: 2009: 1953: 1947: 1946: 1944: 1943: 1895: 1889: 1888: 1886: 1885: 1870: 1864: 1863: 1823: 1817: 1816: 1784: 1778: 1777: 1767: 1743: 1737: 1734: 1728: 1727: 1717: 1693: 1687: 1666: 1655: 1654: 1652: 1651: 1642:. Archived from 1632: 1626: 1625: 1623: 1622: 1601: 1595: 1594: 1592: 1591: 1576: 1429:polyvagal theory 934:Productive aging 915:Sensory friendly 706:to a child with 538:Helen S. Willard 506:Elizabeth Casson 463:physical therapy 449:Inter-war period 392:Thomas B. Kidner 231:physical therapy 178:and consists of 153:edit on Wikidata 145: 116: 104: 97: 90: 86: 83: 77: 45: 44: 37: 21: 6477: 6476: 6472: 6471: 6470: 6468: 6467: 6466: 6452: 6451: 6450: 6445: 6396: 6377:Toxic workplace 6357:Risk management 6250: 6204: 6185:Risk assessment 6081: 6040: 5994: 5965: 5956: 5910: 5864:Physical hazard 5859:Chemical hazard 5840: 5833: 5598: 5595: 5588: 5583: 5553: 5548: 5524:Aspects of jobs 5502: 5379: 5376: 5339: 5322: 5313: 5311: 5305: 5304: 5300: 5272: 5271: 5262: 5252: 5250: 5237: 5236: 5229: 5219: 5217: 5208: 5207: 5203: 5165: 5164: 5160: 5118: 5117: 5113: 5103: 5102: 5098: 5088: 5087: 5083: 5073: 5072: 5068: 5058: 5057: 5053: 5011: 5010: 5006: 4952: 4951: 4947: 4911: 4910: 4903: 4888: 4873: 4872: 4865: 4819: 4818: 4814: 4789:10.1370/afm.245 4770: 4769: 4765: 4756: 4754: 4745: 4744: 4740: 4734: 4730: 4720: 4719: 4715: 4677: 4676: 4672: 4662: 4661: 4657: 4627: 4626: 4622: 4612: 4611: 4607: 4602: 4598: 4593: 4589: 4584: 4580: 4575: 4571: 4535: 4534: 4530: 4525: 4521: 4516: 4512: 4482: 4481: 4477: 4456:(12): 502–506. 4447: 4446: 4442: 4412: 4411: 4407: 4369: 4368: 4364: 4342: 4341: 4337: 4303: 4302: 4298: 4293: 4289: 4283: 4279: 4249: 4248: 4244: 4239: 4235: 4225: 4224: 4220: 4205: 4192: 4191: 4187: 4177: 4176: 4172: 4148: 4147: 4143: 4121: 4120: 4116: 4066: 4065: 4061: 4027: 4026: 4022: 3976: 3975: 3971: 3962: 3960: 3918: 3917: 3913: 3904: 3902: 3860: 3859: 3855: 3819: 3818: 3814: 3809: 3802: 3793: 3791: 3741: 3740: 3736: 3726: 3725: 3721: 3683: 3682: 3675: 3666: 3664: 3655: 3654: 3650: 3640: 3638: 3629:Zip Recruiter. 3628: 3627: 3623: 3613: 3611: 3601: 3600: 3596: 3586: 3584: 3566: 3565: 3561: 3552: 3550: 3543:"Therapy: FAQs" 3541: 3540: 3536: 3526: 3524: 3515: 3514: 3510: 3500: 3498: 3488: 3487: 3483: 3473: 3471: 3461: 3460: 3456: 3446: 3444: 3439: 3438: 3434: 3424: 3422: 3412: 3411: 3407: 3397: 3396: 3389: 3380: 3378: 3368: 3367: 3363: 3357:Wayback Machine 3348: 3344: 3339: 3335: 3329:Wayback Machine 3320: 3316: 3310:Wayback Machine 3301: 3297: 3287: 3285: 3282: 3277: 3276: 3272: 3262: 3260: 3251:Yamkovenko, S. 3250: 3249: 3245: 3235: 3234: 3230: 3200: 3199: 3195: 3185: 3183: 3179: 3168: 3163: 3162: 3158: 3112: 3111: 3107: 3091: 3087: 3071: 3067: 3056:, 67, S47-S59. 3051: 3047: 3041:Wayback Machine 3031: 3024: 3016:(3rd Edition). 3011: 3007: 2979: 2978: 2974: 2960: 2959: 2955: 2919: 2918: 2914: 2904: 2902: 2893: 2892: 2888: 2878: 2876: 2862: 2861: 2857: 2847: 2845: 2831: 2830: 2826: 2816: 2814: 2801: 2800: 2796: 2758: 2757: 2753: 2743: 2742: 2731: 2721: 2719: 2714: 2713: 2709: 2699: 2697: 2693: 2682: 2677: 2676: 2672: 2662: 2661: 2657: 2647: 2646: 2642: 2632: 2630: 2620: 2619: 2615: 2605: 2603: 2595: 2591: 2590: 2586: 2578: 2574: 2573: 2569: 2560: 2558: 2509: 2508: 2504: 2455: 2454: 2450: 2435:10.1002/oti.189 2420: 2419: 2415: 2392: 2391: 2387: 2357: 2356: 2352: 2343: 2339: 2334: 2330: 2323: 2306: 2305: 2292: 2270: 2269: 2265: 2255: 2253: 2242:"100 Best Jobs" 2240: 2239: 2235: 2225: 2223: 2210: 2209: 2205: 2196: 2194: 2181: 2180: 2176: 2167: 2165: 2152: 2151: 2147: 2138: 2136: 2123: 2122: 2118: 2082: 2081: 2077: 2068: 2066: 2053: 2052: 2048: 2041: 2028: 2027: 2016: 2007: 2005: 1955: 1954: 1950: 1941: 1939: 1897: 1896: 1892: 1883: 1881: 1872: 1871: 1867: 1825: 1824: 1820: 1786: 1785: 1781: 1745: 1744: 1740: 1735: 1731: 1695: 1694: 1690: 1677:Wayback Machine 1667: 1658: 1649: 1647: 1634: 1633: 1629: 1620: 1618: 1603: 1602: 1598: 1589: 1587: 1578: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1537: 1512: 1448: 1431:(PVT), and the 1409:(Michael Iwama) 1377:Gary Kielhofner 1353: 1341: 1242: 1214: 1189: 1180: 1100: 1069: 1060: 1040: 994: 981: 972: 936: 923: 906: 893: 869: 860: 858:Community-based 829: 820: 804: 785: 658: 653: 637: 628: 608: 599: 590: 581: 534: 522: 451: 373: 354:Progressive Era 350: 304:moral treatment 292: 276: 271: 214:pressure injury 156: 141: 119: 98: 87: 81: 78: 63: 46: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6475: 6473: 6465: 6464: 6454: 6453: 6447: 6446: 6444: 6443: 6431: 6430: 6429: 6424: 6419: 6401: 6398: 6397: 6395: 6394: 6389: 6384: 6379: 6374: 6369: 6367:Source control 6364: 6359: 6354: 6349: 6344: 6342:Process safety 6339: 6334: 6329: 6324: 6319: 6314: 6309: 6304: 6302:Health physics 6299: 6294: 6289: 6284: 6279: 6274: 6269: 6264: 6258: 6256: 6252: 6251: 6249: 6248: 6243: 6233: 6223: 6218: 6212: 6210: 6206: 6205: 6203: 6202: 6197: 6192: 6190:Safety culture 6187: 6182: 6177: 6172: 6170:Permit To Work 6167: 6165:Lockout-tagout 6162: 6157: 6156: 6155: 6150: 6145: 6140: 6135: 6125: 6120: 6115: 6110: 6105: 6100: 6095: 6089: 6087: 6083: 6082: 6080: 6079: 6074: 6068: 6063: 6058: 6052: 6050: 6046: 6045: 6042: 6041: 6039: 6038: 6032: 6027: 6021: 6015: 6009: 6002: 6000: 5996: 5995: 5993: 5992: 5987: 5982: 5976: 5974: 5967: 5958: 5957: 5955: 5954: 5949: 5944: 5939: 5934: 5929: 5924: 5918: 5916: 5912: 5911: 5909: 5908: 5903: 5898: 5893: 5888: 5883: 5878: 5873: 5872: 5871: 5866: 5861: 5856: 5845: 5843: 5835: 5834: 5832: 5831: 5829:Writer's cramp 5826: 5821: 5816: 5811: 5806: 5801: 5796: 5791: 5786: 5784:Pneumoconiosis 5781: 5776: 5771: 5766: 5761: 5756: 5751: 5749:Lead poisoning 5746: 5741: 5736: 5731: 5726: 5724:Golfer's elbow 5721: 5716: 5711: 5709:Fiddler's neck 5706: 5701: 5696: 5691: 5686: 5681: 5676: 5671: 5666: 5664:Chronic stress 5661: 5656: 5651: 5649:Cardiovascular 5646: 5641: 5636: 5631: 5626: 5621: 5616: 5611: 5605: 5603: 5590: 5589: 5584: 5582: 5581: 5574: 5567: 5559: 5550: 5549: 5547: 5546: 5541: 5536: 5531: 5526: 5521: 5516: 5507: 5504: 5503: 5501: 5500: 5495: 5490: 5485: 5480: 5475: 5470: 5465: 5463:Rehabilitation 5460: 5455: 5450: 5445: 5440: 5435: 5430: 5425: 5420: 5415: 5410: 5405: 5400: 5395: 5390: 5384: 5381: 5380: 5377: 5375: 5374: 5367: 5360: 5352: 5346: 5345: 5338: 5337:External links 5335: 5321: 5320: 5298: 5260: 5227: 5201: 5158: 5131:(2): 216–227. 5111: 5096: 5081: 5066: 5051: 5024:(4): 285–292. 5004: 4945: 4901: 4886: 4863: 4828:(2): 224–245. 4812: 4763: 4738: 4728: 4713: 4670: 4655: 4636:(9): 601–616. 4620: 4605: 4596: 4587: 4578: 4569: 4528: 4519: 4510: 4475: 4440: 4405: 4362: 4335: 4296: 4287: 4277: 4242: 4233: 4218: 4203: 4185: 4170: 4141: 4130:(4): 172–175. 4114: 4079:(6): 661–676. 4059: 4020: 3969: 3911: 3853: 3812: 3800: 3754:(4): 215–223. 3734: 3719: 3673: 3648: 3621: 3594: 3559: 3534: 3508: 3481: 3454: 3432: 3405: 3387: 3361: 3342: 3333: 3314: 3295: 3270: 3243: 3228: 3209:(6): 370–377. 3193: 3156: 3105: 3085: 3076:, 71(4), 1-7. 3065: 3045: 3022: 3005: 2972: 2953: 2912: 2886: 2855: 2824: 2794: 2767:(3): 196–207. 2751: 2729: 2707: 2670: 2655: 2640: 2613: 2584: 2567: 2502: 2448: 2413: 2402:(2): 143–144. 2385: 2350: 2348:, 56, 609–639. 2337: 2328: 2321: 2290: 2263: 2233: 2203: 2174: 2145: 2125:"RCOT history" 2116: 2075: 2046: 2039: 2014: 1948: 1910:(3): 256–262. 1890: 1876:. 2016-05-23. 1865: 1838:(7): 292–300. 1818: 1779: 1738: 1729: 1688: 1656: 1627: 1596: 1570: 1568: 1565: 1564: 1563: 1558: 1553: 1548: 1543: 1536: 1533: 1511: 1508: 1507: 1506: 1505: 1504: 1492: 1489: 1486: 1483: 1482: 1481: 1471: 1468: 1465: 1462: 1461: 1460: 1447: 1444: 1443: 1442: 1441: 1440: 1436: 1421: 1410: 1404: 1403: 1402: 1390: 1389: 1386: 1385: 1384: 1373: 1370: 1363: 1362: 1352: 1351:Generic models 1349: 1340: 1337: 1300:reductionistic 1288: 1287: 1284: 1281: 1278: 1241: 1238: 1213: 1210: 1188: 1185: 1179: 1176: 1171: 1170: 1167: 1157: 1156: 1146: 1145: 1135: 1134: 1131: 1121: 1120: 1117: 1114: 1099: 1096: 1091: 1090: 1086: 1083: 1080: 1068: 1065: 1059: 1056: 1039: 1036: 1035: 1034: 1031: 1024: 1021: 1018: 1015: 1012: 993: 990: 980: 977: 971: 968: 944:aging in place 935: 932: 922: 919: 905: 902: 892: 889: 868: 865: 859: 856: 851: 850: 847: 843: 840: 828: 825: 819: 816: 803: 800: 784: 781: 772: 771: 768: 765: 762: 759: 744: 743: 736: 733: 726: 719: 711: 700: 697: 657: 654: 652: 649: 636: 633: 627: 624: 607: 604: 598: 595: 589: 586: 580: 577: 533: 530: 521: 518: 504:England by Dr 475:rehabilitation 450: 447: 372: 369: 367:in Baltimore. 349: 346: 296:Philippe Pinel 291: 288: 275: 272: 270: 267: 226: 225: 222: 219: 216: 210: 207: 204: 201: 198: 158: 157: 150: 147: 146: 139: 133: 132: 127: 121: 120: 117: 109: 108: 100: 99: 60:of the subject 58:worldwide view 49: 47: 40: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6474: 6463: 6460: 6459: 6457: 6442: 6441: 6432: 6428: 6427:Organizations 6425: 6423: 6420: 6418: 6415: 6414: 6413: 6412: 6403: 6402: 6399: 6393: 6390: 6388: 6385: 6383: 6380: 6378: 6375: 6373: 6370: 6368: 6365: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6353: 6350: 6348: 6347:Public health 6345: 6343: 6340: 6338: 6335: 6333: 6330: 6328: 6325: 6323: 6320: 6318: 6315: 6313: 6310: 6308: 6305: 6303: 6300: 6298: 6295: 6293: 6290: 6288: 6285: 6283: 6280: 6278: 6275: 6273: 6270: 6268: 6265: 6263: 6260: 6259: 6257: 6253: 6247: 6244: 6241: 6240:United States 6237: 6234: 6231: 6230:United States 6227: 6224: 6222: 6219: 6217: 6214: 6213: 6211: 6207: 6201: 6198: 6196: 6193: 6191: 6188: 6186: 6183: 6181: 6178: 6176: 6173: 6171: 6168: 6166: 6163: 6161: 6158: 6154: 6151: 6149: 6146: 6144: 6141: 6139: 6136: 6134: 6131: 6130: 6129: 6126: 6124: 6121: 6119: 6116: 6114: 6111: 6109: 6108:Diving safety 6106: 6104: 6101: 6099: 6096: 6094: 6091: 6090: 6088: 6084: 6078: 6075: 6072: 6069: 6067: 6064: 6062: 6059: 6057: 6054: 6053: 6051: 6047: 6036: 6033: 6031: 6028: 6025: 6022: 6019: 6016: 6013: 6010: 6007: 6004: 6003: 6001: 5997: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5981: 5978: 5977: 5975: 5973:International 5971: 5968: 5966:organizations 5963: 5959: 5953: 5950: 5948: 5945: 5943: 5940: 5938: 5935: 5933: 5930: 5928: 5925: 5923: 5920: 5919: 5917: 5913: 5907: 5904: 5902: 5899: 5897: 5894: 5892: 5889: 5887: 5884: 5882: 5879: 5877: 5874: 5870: 5867: 5865: 5862: 5860: 5857: 5855: 5852: 5851: 5850: 5847: 5846: 5844: 5842: 5839:Occupational 5836: 5830: 5827: 5825: 5822: 5820: 5817: 5815: 5812: 5810: 5809:Sports injury 5807: 5805: 5802: 5800: 5797: 5795: 5792: 5790: 5787: 5785: 5782: 5780: 5777: 5775: 5772: 5770: 5767: 5765: 5762: 5760: 5757: 5755: 5754:Low back pain 5752: 5750: 5747: 5745: 5742: 5740: 5737: 5735: 5732: 5730: 5727: 5725: 5722: 5720: 5717: 5715: 5712: 5710: 5707: 5705: 5704:Farmer's lung 5702: 5700: 5697: 5695: 5692: 5690: 5687: 5685: 5682: 5680: 5677: 5675: 5672: 5670: 5667: 5665: 5662: 5660: 5657: 5655: 5652: 5650: 5647: 5645: 5642: 5640: 5637: 5635: 5632: 5630: 5627: 5625: 5622: 5620: 5617: 5615: 5612: 5610: 5607: 5606: 5604: 5602: 5597: 5594:Occupational 5591: 5587: 5580: 5575: 5573: 5568: 5566: 5561: 5560: 5557: 5545: 5542: 5540: 5537: 5535: 5532: 5530: 5527: 5525: 5522: 5520: 5517: 5509: 5508: 5505: 5499: 5496: 5494: 5491: 5489: 5486: 5484: 5481: 5479: 5476: 5474: 5471: 5469: 5466: 5464: 5461: 5459: 5456: 5454: 5451: 5449: 5446: 5444: 5441: 5439: 5436: 5434: 5431: 5429: 5426: 5424: 5421: 5419: 5416: 5414: 5411: 5409: 5406: 5404: 5401: 5399: 5396: 5394: 5391: 5389: 5386: 5385: 5382: 5373: 5368: 5366: 5361: 5359: 5354: 5353: 5350: 5344: 5341: 5340: 5336: 5334: 5331: 5327: 5309: 5302: 5299: 5293: 5288: 5284: 5280: 5276: 5269: 5267: 5265: 5261: 5248: 5244: 5240: 5234: 5232: 5228: 5215: 5211: 5205: 5202: 5197: 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