52:
469:. Such a system will determine the equipment's health, and act only when maintenance is actually necessary. Developments in recent years have allowed extensive instrumentation of equipment, and together with better tools for analyzing condition data, the maintenance personnel of today is more than ever able to decide what is the right time to perform maintenance on some piece of equipment. Ideally, condition-based maintenance will allow the maintenance personnel to do only the right things, minimizing spare parts cost, system downtime and time spent on maintenance.
64:
450:. Albeit chronologically much older, It is considered one section or practice inside the broader and newer predictive maintenance field, where new AI technologies and connectivity abilities are put to action and where the acronym CBM is more often used to describe 'condition Based Monitoring' rather than the maintenance itself. CBM maintenance is performed after one or more indicators show that equipment is going to fail or that equipment performance is deteriorating.
420:, and to prevent unexpected equipment failures. This maintenance strategy uses sensors to monitor key parameters within a machine or system, and uses this data in conjunction with analysed historical trends to continuously evaluate the system health and predict a breakdown before it happens. This strategy allows maintenance to be performed more efficiently, since more up-to-date data is obtained about how close the product is to failure.
249:
908:
presented based on States' roles and responsibilities, thus as State of
Registry, State of the Operator, State of Design and State of Manufacture. It also describes the interface between different States and their related responsibilities. It has been updated to incorporate changes to Annex 8 to the Chicago Convention — Airworthiness of Aircraft, and to Annex 6 — Operation of Aircraft
274:
and
Condition Based Maintenance help to achieve by replacing worn components before they actually fail. Maintenance activities include partial or complete overhauls at specified periods, oil changes, lubrication, minor adjustments, and so on. In addition, workers can record equipment deterioration so they know to replace or repair worn parts before they cause system failure.
181:
1473:
564:
Corrective maintenance is a type of maintenance used for equipment after equipment break down or malfunction is often most expensive – not only can worn equipment damage other parts and cause multiple damage, but consequential repair and replacement costs and loss of revenues due to down time during
489:
Also, the technical side of it is not always as simple. Even if some types of equipment can easily be observed by measuring simple values such as vibration (displacement, velocity or acceleration), temperature or pressure, it is not trivial to turn this measured data into actionable knowledge about
477:
Despite its usefulness of equipment, there are several challenges to the use of CBM. First and most important of all, the initial cost of CBM can be high. It requires improved instrumentation of the equipment. Often the cost of sufficient instruments can be quite large, especially on equipment that
273:
The main goal behind PM is for the equipment to make it from one planned service to the next planned service without any failures caused by fatigue, extreme fluctuation in temperature(such as heat waves) during seasonal changes, neglect, or normal wear (preventable items), which
Planned Maintenance
907:
The
Airworthiness Manual (Doc 9760) contains a consolidation of airworthiness-related information previously found in other ICAO documents ... provides guidance to States on how to meet their airworthiness responsibilities under the Convention on International Civil Aviation. This third edition is
79:, building infrastructure, and supporting utilities in industrial, business, and residential installations. Over time, this has come to include multiple wordings that describe various cost-effective practices to keep equipment operational; these activities occur either before or after a failure.
498:
As systems get more costly, and instrumentation and information systems tend to become cheaper and more reliable, CBM becomes an important tool for running a plant or factory in an optimal manner. Better operations will lead to lower production cost and lower use of resources. And lower use of
565:
overhaul can be significant. Rebuilding and resurfacing of equipment and infrastructure damaged by erosion and corrosion as part of corrective or preventive maintenance programmes involves conventional processes such as welding and metal flame spraying, as well as engineered solutions with
277:
The New York Times gave an example of "machinery that is not lubricated on schedule" that functions "until a bearing burns out." Preventive maintenance contracts are generally a fixed cost, whereas improper maintenance introduces a variable cost: replacement of major equipment.
376:
to an object or item of equipment. Specifically, planned maintenance is a scheduled service visit carried out by a competent and suitable agent, to ensure that an item of equipment is operating correctly and to therefore avoid any unscheduled breakdown and downtime.
478:
is already installed. Wireless systems have reduced the initial cost. Therefore, it is important for the installer to decide the importance of the investment before adding CBM to all equipment. A result of this cost is that the first generation of CBM in the
416:, because tasks are performed only when warranted. Thus, it is regarded as condition-based maintenance carried out as suggested by estimations of the degradation state of an item. The main promise of predictive maintenance is to allow convenient scheduling of
144:
must be included. In this scenario, maintainability is considered as the ability of an item, under stated conditions of use, to be retained in or restored to a state in which it can perform its required functions, using prescribed procedures and resources.
502:
Another scenario where value can be created is by monitoring the health of a car motor. Rather than changing parts at predefined intervals, the car itself can tell you when something needs to be changed based on cheap and simple instrumentation.
426:
is the replacement of an item that is still functioning properly. Usually it is a tax-benefit based replacement policy whereby expensive equipment or batches of individually inexpensive supply items are removed and donated on a predicted/fixed
770:
All actions which have the objective of retaining or restoring an item in or to a state in which it can perform its required function. These include the combination of all technical and corresponding administrative, managerial, and supervision
239:
employs MRO to preserve, rehabilitate, restore, or reconstruct historical structures with stone, brick, glass, metal, and wood which match the original constituent materials where possible, or with suitable polymer technologies when not.
464:
Condition-based maintenance was introduced to try to maintain the correct equipment at the right time. CBM is based on using real-time data to prioritize and optimize maintenance resources. Observing the state of the system is known as
549:
Today, due to its costs, CBM is not used for less important parts of machinery despite obvious advantages. However it can be found everywhere where increased safety is required, and in future will be applied even more widely.
168:
The performance of tasks required to ensure the continuing airworthiness of an aircraft, including any one or combination of overhaul, inspection, replacement, defect rectification, and the embodiment of a modification or a
1477:
380:
The key factor as to when and why this work is being done is timing, and involves a service, resource or facility being unavailable. By contrast, condition-based maintenance is not directly based on equipment age.
950:
ISO 12944-9:2018 – Paints and
Varnishes – Corrosion Protection of Steel Structures by Protective Paint Systems – Part 9: Protective Paint Systems and Laboratory Performance Test Methods for Offshore and Related
835:
614:
485:
Secondly, introducing CBM will invoke a major change in how maintenance is performed, and potentially to the whole maintenance organization in a company. Organizational changes are in general difficult.
1251:
Garcia, Mari Cruz; Sanz-Bobi, Miguel A.; Del Pico, Javier (August 2006), "SIMAP: Intelligent System for
Predictive Maintenance: Application to the health condition monitoring of a windturbine gearbox",
319:
The work carried out on equipment in order to avoid its breakdown or malfunction. It is a regular and routine action taken on equipment in order to prevent its breakdown.
1090:
Complaints about preventative go back to the late 18th century ... ("Oxford
English Dictionary dates preventive to 1626 and preventative to 1655) ..preventive has won"
270:) is "a routine for periodically inspecting" with the goal of "noticing small problems and fixing them before major ones develop." Ideally, "nothing breaks down."
408:
techniques are designed to help determine the condition of in-service equipment in order to estimate when maintenance should be performed. This approach promises
136:, or other real property) in such condition that it may be continuously used, at its original or designed capacity and efficiency for its intended purpose.
312:
The care and servicing by personnel for the purpose of maintaining equipment in satisfactory operating condition by providing for systematic inspection,
881:
1034:
322:
Maintenance, including tests, measurements, adjustments, parts replacement, and cleaning, performed specifically to prevent faults from occurring.
508:"implemented to improve maintenance agility and responsiveness, increase operational availability, and reduce life cycle total ownership costs".
875:
1627:
1358:
1229:
993:
929:
889:
252:
156:
also include inspection, rebuilding, alteration and the supply of spare parts, accessories, raw materials, adhesives, sealants, coatings and
51:
100:
1520:
1457:
447:
1414:
Jardine, A.K.S.; Lin, Banjevic (2006). "A review on machinery diagnostics and prognostics implementing condition-based maintenance".
1054:
344:: fixing things only when they break. This is also known as "a reactive maintenance strategy" and may involve "consequential damage."
499:
resources may be one of the most important differentiators in a future where environmental issues become more important by the day.
1178:
1632:
1535:
684:
1612:
1488:
787:
1482:
1278:
Kaiser, Kevin A.; Gebraeel, Nagi Z. (12 May 2009), "Predictive
Maintenance Management Using Sensor-Based Degradation Models",
865:
United States Code of
Federal Regulations Title 14, Part 43 – Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, Rebuilding, and Alteration
629:
313:
1587:
1013:
966:
704:
45:
140:
Maintenance is strictly connected to the utilization stage of the product or technical system, in which the concept of
589:
384:
Planned maintenance is preplanned, and can be date-based, based on equipment running hours, or on distance travelled.
354:
1322:
236:
107:
Any activity—such as tests, measurements, replacements, adjustments, and repairs—intended to retain or restore a
1195:
63:
709:
654:
114:
All action taken to retain material in a serviceable condition or to restore it to serviceability. It includes
38:
223:, where equipment is checked and serviced in a planned manner (in a scheduled points in time or continuously)
689:
659:
827:
664:
559:
417:
413:
400:
373:
316:, and correction of incipient failures either before they occur or before they develop into major defects.
801:
566:
213:
applied to steel in environments subject to attack from erosion, corrosion and environmental pollution.
1079:
1607:
1423:
1380:
1371:
Liu, Jie; Wang, Golnaraghi (2010). "An enhanced diagnostic scheme for bearing condition monitoring".
584:
466:
177:
require issuance of a maintenance release document (aircraft certificate of return to service – CRS).
174:
149:
129:
1622:
895:
599:
198:
461:. It is also applicable to non-mission critical systems that lack redundancy and fault reporting.
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1396:
1327:
1305:
1084:
1039:
1018:
649:
479:
161:
353:"Routine maintenance" redirects here. For the album by Aaron West and the Roaring Twenties, see
255:
preventive cleaning at
Keesler Air Force Base, Mississippi after a period of operation over the
75:
involves functional checks, servicing, repairing or replacing of necessary devices, equipment,
1617:
1516:
1453:
1225:
989:
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885:
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619:
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High installation costs, for minor equipment items often more than the value of the equipment
1571:
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1388:
1295:
1287:
1261:
639:
594:
387:
Parts that have scheduled maintenance at fixed intervals, usually due to wearout or a fixed
194:
545:
Increased number of parts (the CBM installation itself) that need maintenance and checking.
699:
694:
644:
624:
458:
248:
141:
108:
99:. Over time, the terminology of maintenance and MRO has begun to become standardized. The
1172:"The development of a cost benefit analysis method for monitoring the condition of batch"
125:
All supply and repair action taken to keep a force in condition to carry out its mission.
1427:
1384:
1171:
1637:
1539:
256:
17:
1601:
1583:
1536:"Walter Reed Building 18 – It Could Happen Anywhere – So Don't Let It Happen To You"
1147:
128:
The routine recurring work required to keep a facility (plant, building, structure,
1492:
1400:
1309:
333:
planned maintenance, which may include scheduled downtime for equipment replacement
1349:
such as universities and local schools, which write government-acceptable receipts
1265:
1219:
1498:
1435:
1132:... out of service from 6:00–7:00am Eastern for regularly scheduled maintenance.
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674:
528:
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157:
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in or to a specified state in which the unit can perform its required functions.
31:
1291:
1280:
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans
229:, where equipment is repaired or replaced after wear, malfunction or break down
1556:
604:
428:
388:
119:
115:
56:
1392:
506:
It is Department of Defense policy that condition-based maintenance (CBM) be
1575:
967:"What's Different in the M.T.A.'s New Plan for Repairing the L Train Tunnel"
482:
and gas industry has only focused on vibration in heavy rotating equipment.
180:
76:
259:(salt and moisture which lead to active corrosion require regular cleaning)
1102:
O. A. Bamiro; D. Nzediegwu; K. A. Oladejo; A. Rahaman; A. Adebayo (2011).
948:
360:
Planned preventive maintenance (PPM), more commonly referred to as simply
210:
986:
Materials for Conservation: Organic Consolidants, Adhesives and Coatings
453:
This concept is applicable to mission-critical systems that incorporate
609:
1300:
542:
Unpredictable maintenance periods cause costs to be divided unequally.
1120:
634:
133:
118:, testing, servicing, classification as to serviceability, repair,
1450:
Industrial Polymer Applications: Essential Chemistry and Technology
1452:(1st ed.). United Kingdom: Royal Society of Chemistry. 2016.
247:
206:
179:
62:
50:
1035:"Personal computers preventive maintenance for an aging computer"
836:
Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms
615:
Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms
527:
Decreased number of maintenance operations causes a reduction of
852:
679:
1104:
Mastery of Technology for Junior School Certificate Examination
391:, are sometimes known as time-change interval, or TCI items.
30:"Repair" and "repairman" redirect here. For home repair, see
1323:"Spacewalking Astronauts Swap Out Space Station's Batteries"
431:
schedule. These items are given to tax-exempt institutions.
336:
planned preventive maintenance (PPM) is another name for PM
164:
stage. In international civil aviation maintenance means:
216:
The basic types of maintenance falling under MRO include:
1055:"6 Tips to Keep Your Machine Cool in Summer | Al Marwan"
193:
The marine and air transportation, offshore structures,
755:"European Federation of National Maintenance Societies"
754:
1106:. Ibadan: Evans Brothers (Nigeria Publishers) Limited.
1121:"CPOL: System Maintenance and Downtime Announcements"
729:
1373:
IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement
1513:
Maintenance Planning, Coordination & Scheduling
965:Singhvi, Anjali; Gröndahl, Mika (January 1, 2019).
943:
941:
293:
Minimize production loss due to equipment failures.
788:"Defining Preventive & Predictive Maintenance"
517:CBM has some advantages over planned maintenance:
326:Other terms and abbreviations related to PM are:
37:For the Knowledge (XXG) administrative page, see
173:This definition covers all activities for which
1115:
1113:
1007:
1005:
209:maintenance programmes to maintain and restore
1208:e.g. from leaks that could have been prevented
1142:
1140:
1557:"Linear and nonlinear preventive maintenance"
1515:, by Don Nyman & Joel Levitt Maintenance
847:"AAP-6 – Glossary of terms and definitions".
8:
1156:... will be down for approximately five days
1012:Micharl Decourcy Hinds (February 17, 1985).
781:
779:
226:
220:
67:Field repair of aircraft engine (1915–1916)
1166:
1164:
287:Enhance capital equipment productive life.
1299:
882:International Civil Aviation Organization
55:A tractor being mechanically repaired in
27:Maintaining a device in working condition
1416:Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing
1033:Erik Sandberg-Diment (August 14, 1984).
205:(MRO) including scheduled or preventive
87:Maintenance functions can be defined as
44:For other topics about maintenance, see
988:(2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann.
823:
821:
819:
817:
815:
721:
1152:weather.gov (National Weather Service)
1148:"Dodge City Radar Planned Maintenance"
1014:"Preventive Maintenance: A Checklist"
446:), shortly described, is maintenance
7:
1184:from the original on March 22, 2019.
290:Reduce critical equipment breakdown.
920:Berendsen, A. M.; Springer (2013).
101:United States Department of Defense
853:North Atlantic Treaty Organization
97:maintenance, repair and operations
25:
880:(3 ed.). Montreal (Canada):
1593:from the original on 2016-08-18.
1564:IEEE Transactions on Reliability
1476: This article incorporates
1471:
685:Reliability centered maintenance
203:maintenance, repair and overhaul
160:for aircraft maintenance at the
154:maintenance, repair and overhaul
103:uses the following definitions:
89:maintenance, repair and overhaul
1489:General Services Administration
630:Intelligent maintenance systems
877:Airworthiness Manual, Doc 9760
372:, is any variety of scheduled
308:) has the following meanings:
1:
1266:10.1016/j.compind.2006.02.011
1078:Ben Zimmer (April 18, 2010).
984:Charles Velson Horie (2010).
490:the health of the equipment.
1628:Product lifecycle management
705:Total productive maintenance
513:Advantages and disadvantages
95:), and MRO is also used for
46:Maintenance (disambiguation)
1436:10.1016/j.ymssp.2005.09.012
849:NATO Standardization Agency
590:Aircraft maintenance checks
524:Decreased maintenance costs
521:Improved system reliability
440:Condition-based maintenance
435:Condition-based maintenance
412:over routine or time-based
355:Routine Maintenance (album)
39:Knowledge (XXG):Maintenance
1654:
1555:Wu, S.; Zuo, M.J. (2010).
1292:10.1109/TSMCA.2009.2016429
1196:"What is PPM Maintenance?"
730:"Defense Logistics Agency"
557:
398:
352:
237:Architectural conservation
43:
36:
29:
1059:Al Marwan Heavy Machinery
282:Main objective of PM are:
71:The technical meaning of
1393:10.1109/tim.2009.2023814
710:Value-driven maintenance
655:Operational availability
302:preventative maintenance
1633:Reliability engineering
1576:10.1109/TR.2010.2041972
690:Reliability engineering
660:Operational maintenance
535:Its disadvantages are:
1613:Mechanical engineering
1484:Federal Standard 1037C
1478:public domain material
922:Marine Painting Manual
828:Federal Standard 1037C
665:Predictive maintenance
560:Corrective maintenance
554:Corrective maintenance
424:Predictive replacement
418:corrective maintenance
414:preventive maintenance
406:Predictive maintenance
401:Predictive maintenance
395:Predictive maintenance
298:Preventive maintenance
264:Preventive maintenance
260:
244:Preventive maintenance
227:Corrective maintenance
221:Preventive maintenance
185:
68:
60:
18:Repair and maintenance
1497: (in support of
1359:CBM Policy Memorandum
1254:Computers in Industry
884:. 2014. p. 375.
370:scheduled maintenance
341:breakdown maintenance
330:scheduled maintenance
251:
201:industries depend on
183:
148:In some domains like
66:
54:
1218:Wood, Brian (2003).
585:Aircraft maintenance
467:condition monitoring
175:aviation regulations
150:aircraft maintenance
1534:Smith, Maj. Ricky.
1428:2006MSSP...20.1483J
1385:2010ITIM...59..309L
1224:. Wiley-Blackwell.
600:Bicycle maintenance
567:thermoset polymeric
362:planned maintenance
349:Planned maintenance
199:facility management
1328:The New York Times
1085:The New York Times
1040:The New York Times
1019:The New York Times
971:The New York Times
802:"MRO – Definition"
650:Motive power depot
261:
186:
132:facility, utility
122:, and reclamation.
69:
61:
1542:on March 9, 2012.
1231:978-0-632-06049-8
995:978-0-75-066905-4
931:978-90-481-8244-2
891:978-92-9249-454-4
670:Product lifecycle
620:Design for repair
580:Active redundancy
455:active redundancy
16:(Redirected from
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1594:
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1543:
1538:. Archived from
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1491:. Archived from
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1422:(7): 1483–1510.
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894:. Archived from
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595:Auto maintenance
448:when need arises
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695:Remanufacturing
645:Maintainability
625:Fault reporting
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494:Value potential
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459:fault reporting
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253:C-130J Hercules
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142:maintainability
109:functional unit
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1570:(1): 242–249.
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1523:
1521:978-0831134181
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1495:on 2022-01-22.
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1459:978-1782628149
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1379:(2): 309–321.
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1540:the original
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1493:the original
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1333:. Retrieved
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1608:Maintenance
1499:MIL-STD-188
832:MIL-STD-188
675:Prognostics
569:materials.
529:human error
374:maintenance
184:Road repair
162:utilization
158:consumables
116:inspections
83:Definitions
73:maintenance
32:Home repair
1623:Prevention
1602:Categories
1301:1853/56106
1237:2011-04-22
1080:"Wellness"
1064:2024-06-20
951:Structures
902:2018-02-18
717:References
605:Bus garage
531:influences
473:Challenges
429:shelf life
389:shelf life
120:rebuilding
57:Werneuchen
1335:March 22,
1126:March 21,
830:and from
759:EFNMS.org
314:detection
77:machinery
1618:Planning
1588:Archived
1584:34832834
1179:Archived
771:actions.
764:5 August
739:5 August
573:See also
211:coatings
152:, terms
1527:Sources
1424:Bibcode
1401:1892843
1381:Bibcode
1310:5975976
734:DLA.mil
610:Darning
169:repair.
1582:
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1456:
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635:Kludge
134:system
130:ground
59:, 1966
1638:Reuse
1591:(PDF)
1580:S2CID
1560:(PDF)
1480:from
1397:S2CID
1306:S2CID
1182:(PDF)
1175:(PDF)
368:) or
207:paint
189:Types
1517:ISBN
1454:ISBN
1337:2019
1226:ISBN
1128:2019
990:ISBN
926:ISBN
886:ISBN
766:2016
741:2016
680:RAMS
457:and
197:and
1572:doi
1432:doi
1389:doi
1296:hdl
1288:doi
1262:doi
480:oil
444:CBM
300:or
93:MRO
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