98:" which are otherwise substantial departures from early Standard American methods. Most tournament pairs now assemble their own system from a variety of new treatments and conventions that have evolved. The nearest thing to a common system in tournament play is the "Standard American Yellow Card" (SAYC) promulgated by the
90:
and his contemporaries in the 1940s. This system employed the 1915 point-count method to evaluate the strength of a bridge hand. Most bids had fairly specific requirements regarding hand strength and suit distribution. This point-count system became so popular that most bridge players, social and
73:
while concurrently contending with the opponents' attempts to do likewise. A bidding system is a set of agreements about the meanings of the different bids that the players use. Each bid provides information about the hand's high-card strength and suit distribution based on
208:(ACBL) to be used as the required bidding system in specified events or as a base for a casual or online partnerships. Some of the specific agreements in Standard American Yellow Card (SAYC) that elaborate on or depart from more current Standard American bidding are:
1458:
398:
155:
Limit Raises: A jump-raise of the opener's suit by responder, in the absence of opponent interference, is invitational to game. In Goren's system, this was a strong game-forcing raise.
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1983:
1579:
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2019:
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The purpose of bidding during the auction phase of each deal is to disclose information which one's partner may employ in order to arrive at an
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response to a 1NT is a relay to the minors when responder holds a long (at least six card length) minor suit and a weak hand; opener bids 3
136:: Two diamond, heart or spade openers are made with a sound six-card suit in a hand without enough overall strength to open 1 of the suit.
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91:
tournament players alike, used it. American bridge teams in the late 1930s and 1940s won world championships using
Standard American.
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2218:
2093:
352:
57:
and a strong notrump; players may add conventions and refine the meanings of bids through partnership agreements summarized in their
45:
in the 1940s and 1950s, its early versions were sometimes referred to simply as 'Goren'. With the addition and evolution of various
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61:. One standardised version, SAYC (Standard American Yellow Card), is widely used by casual partnerships and in online bridge.
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Modifications began to appear from the 1950s forward. Before the year 2000, new bidding systems evolved, including "
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121:(Ace = 4, King = 3, Queen = 2 and Jack = 1) with adjustments for the location of honors and suit distribution.
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Notrump openers show a balanced hand, with the following common high card point (HCP) ranges:
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53:, it is now more generally referred to as Standard American. It is a bidding system based on
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The
Standard American Yellow Card (SAYC) is a set of partnership agreements summarized in a
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102:. SAYC is widely used in internet bridge play, but only rarely in on-site tournament play.
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142:: All unbalanced hands too strong to open at the one-level are opened with an artificial 2
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193:"SAYC" redirects here. For Mitsubishi's S-AYC (Super Active Yaw Control) technology, see
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widely used in North
America and elsewhere. Owing to the popularization of the game by
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152:: Suit openings above the two level are pre-emptive, promising a long and strong suit.
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Conventions are specified as being "off" in response to a 1NT overcall, except that 2
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86:"Standard American" was the label given to the bridge bidding system developed by
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is used to show a game-forcing raise of a major suit with four-card support.
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response to a 1NT opening is specified as the "non-forcing" version of the
130:: opening a major suit promises at least a five-card holding in that suit.
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685:
260:
In response to a weak-two opening, RONF ("Raise Only Non-Force") is used.
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A hand-strength requirement of at least 12-13 points to open 1-of-a-suit.
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The essential common elements of modern
Standard American systems are:
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for contract bridge. For the "standard" American
English accent, see
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1839:
1430:
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607:
418:
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1641:
List of bridge people with
Knowledge (XXG) (English) articles
146:
call, as well as balanced hands stronger than 21 HCP.
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response is the "waiting" version of that response.
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172:Common notrump follow-up conventions include
8:
231:and responder either passes or corrects to 3
1984:World Transnational Open Teams Championship
2297:
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2020:European Universities Bridge Championships
1884:Bridge at the 2012 World Mind Sports Games
1879:Bridge at the 2008 World Mind Sports Games
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1836:
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980:
615:
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2239:United States Bridge Championships - Open
2015:Commonwealth Nations Bridge Championships
1799:List of contract bridge governing bodies
371:Standard American Yellow Convention Card
16:Bidding system for the bridge card game
1858:List of bridge competitions and awards
1459:List of nationality transfers in sport
373:by the American Contract Bridge League
367:by the American Contract Bridge League
2348:25 Bridge Conventions You Should Know
2229:Sternberg Women's Board-a-Match Teams
1794:International Mind Sports Association
37:is a bidding system for the game of
7:
2032:North American bridge Championships:
2383:The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge
2179:North American Bridge Championships
2390:Planning the Play of a Bridge Hand
2094:Keohane North American Swiss Teams
27:. For standard American diet, see
14:
2421:List of contract bridge magazines
726:Optimum contract and par contract
522:Glossary of contract bridge terms
343:by Ned Downey & Ellen Pomer,
311:Glossary of contract bridge terms
235:which opener is expected to pass.
254:
232:
2219:Smith Life Master Women's Pairs
1974:World Senior Teams Championship
1969:World Senior Pairs Championship
1944:World Junior Teams Championship
1939:World Junior Pairs Championship
1814:United States Bridge Federation
1809:South African Bridge Federation
1744:American Contract Bridge League
1280:Non-simultaneous double squeeze
273:are used through the level of 2
206:American Contract Bridge League
100:American Contract Bridge League
2249:Von Zedtwitz Life Master Pairs
2114:Manfield Non-Life Master Pairs
2104:Leventritt Silver Ribbon Pairs
2044:Edgar Kaplan Blue Ribbon Pairs
1989:World Women Pairs Championship
1959:World Mixed Teams Championship
1954:World Mixed Pairs Championship
1454:List of contract bridge people
1062:Principle of restricted choice
274:
224:
1:
2369:Contract Bridge for Beginners
2308:List of contract bridge books
1964:World Open Pairs Championship
1646:List of bridge administrators
365:Standard American Yellow Card
297:
250:
228:
213:
143:
2254:Wagar Women's Knockout Teams
2139:Mitchell Board-a-Match Teams
2039:ACBL King or Queen of Bridge
1934:World IMP Pairs Championship
2234:Truscott Senior Swiss Teams
2169:Non-Life Master Swiss Teams
2149:Nail Life Master Open Pairs
2109:Machlin Women's Swiss Teams
2054:Chicago Mixed Board-a-Match
1804:Norwegian Bridge Federation
1789:Hungarian Bridge Federation
1754:Brazilian Bridge Federation
1739:American Bridge Association
1305:Simultaneous double squeeze
963:List of bidding conventions
2526:
2335:Terence Reese bibliography
2291:Publications and resources
1929:World Bridge Championships
1769:Canadian Bridge Federation
1759:Bridge Federation of India
1749:Austrian Bridge Federation
532:History of contract bridge
507:Duplicate bridge movements
341:Standard Bidding with SAYC
192:
18:
2325:Edwin Kantar bibliography
2296:
2285:
2174:Norman Kay Platinum Pairs
1846:
1835:
1449:ACBL Youngest Life Master
1437:
1426:
990:
979:
756:Quantitative notrump bids
746:Principle of fast arrival
614:
603:
425:
414:
330:by John Sheridan Thomas,
2355:Bridge Squeezes Complete
2330:Hugh Kelsey bibliography
2059:Fall National Open Pairs
1432:People and organizations
537:Laws of Duplicate Bridge
244:Roman Key Card Blackwood
150:Pre-emptive opening bids
19:This article is about a
2264:Whitehead Women's Pairs
2089:Jacoby Open Swiss Teams
1949:World Mind Sports Games
1819:World Bridge Federation
1774:Dutch Bridge Federation
1708:Galatasaray Bridge Team
1002:List of play techniques
837:List of bidding systems
497:Contract bridge diagram
65:Role of bidding systems
2397:Right Through the Pack
2129:Mini-Blue Ribbon Pairs
1914:Triple crown of bridge
1889:Cavendish Invitational
1784:European Bridge League
1718:Portland Club (London)
1651:List of bridge writers
1320:Stepping-stone squeeze
1265:Entry-shifting squeeze
902:Kaplan–Sheinwold
806:Useful space principle
29:Standard American diet
2209:Senior Knockout Teams
2204:Roth Open Swiss Teams
1764:British Bridge League
897:Highly unusual method
872:Bridge World Standard
117:based on the 4-3-2-1
2404:Tickets to the Devil
2199:Rockwell Mixed Pairs
2184:North American Pairs
2154:National 199er Pairs
2084:Hilliard Mixed Pairs
2079:Grand National Teams
1909:Senior Bowl (bridge)
1779:English Bridge Union
1713:Melville Bridge Club
741:Prepared opening bid
328:Standard American 21
316:List of bridge books
242:is used and not the
106:Most common elements
2465:Grand Slam (BBC TV)
2269:Young LM–1500 Pairs
2164:National 99er Pairs
2159:National 49er Pairs
2049:Bruce LM–5000 Pairs
1979:World Team Olympiad
1464:Bridge Headquarters
1310:Single-suit squeeze
1285:Progressive squeeze
1250:Criss-cross squeeze
706:Law of total tricks
577:Traveling scoreslip
281:Fourth suit forcing
246:or other variation.
2376:Design for Bidding
2313:Master Point Press
2259:Wernher Open Pairs
2214:Silodor Open Pairs
1998:National and Zonal
1693:Bridge Base Online
1473:Players by country
1352:Suit combinations:
1201:Morton's fork coup
947:Strong club system
766:Sacrifice (bridge)
711:Losing-Trick Count
631:Balancing (bridge)
567:Singaporean bridge
477:Cheating in bridge
457:Bridge Murder case
249:In response to a 2
218:Stayman convention
195:Active yaw control
119:point count system
2497:
2496:
2493:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2481:Bridge Base Basic
2281:
2280:
2277:
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2244:Vanderbilt Trophy
2144:Mott-Smith Trophy
2124:Master Individual
2025:Gold Cup (bridge)
1894:Computer Olympiad
1831:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1422:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1295:Saturated squeeze
1181:Deschapelles coup
975:
974:
971:
970:
942:Standard American
867:Bridge Base Basic
771:Shooting (bridge)
696:Honor point count
651:Bridge convention
599:
598:
595:
594:
527:High card by suit
300:is still Stayman.
35:Standard American
2517:
2448:The Bridge World
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2429:
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2189:Red Ribbon Pairs
2099:Lebhar IMP Pairs
2034:
2033:
1848:
1837:
1732:Governing bodies
1439:
1428:
1380:Journalist leads
1359:Suit combination
1354:
1353:
1275:Knockout squeeze
1245:Compound squeeze
1235:Cannibal squeeze
1230:Backwash squeeze
1225:
1224:
1146:
1145:
1127:
1126:
1042:Grosvenor gambit
992:
981:
842:2/1 game forcing
761:Reverse (bridge)
671:Five-card majors
616:
605:
512:Five-suit bridge
502:Duplicate bridge
427:
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299:
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271:Negative doubles
256:
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178:Jacoby transfers
145:
140:Strong two clubs
128:Five-card majors
96:2/1 Game Forcing
71:optimal contract
55:five-card majors
25:General American
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2441:Bridge Magazine
2434:Bridge d'Italia
2427:
2426:
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2340:
2320:Bibliographies:
2319:
2318:
2292:
2273:
2069:Fishbein Trophy
2064:Fast Open Pairs
2031:
2030:
1993:
1924:WBF Youth Award
1862:
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1375:Forcing defense
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1171:Coup en passant
1161:Belladonna coup
1143:
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1123:
1111:
1097:Trump promotion
1052:Percentage play
986:
967:
951:
877:Canapé (bridge)
825:
701:Inverted minors
691:Hand evaluation
661:Convention card
610:
591:
552:Neuberg formula
492:Contract bridge
487:Computer bridge
421:
410:
408:Contract bridge
405:
361:
324:
307:
291:Unusual notrump
287:Michaels cuebid
204:created by the
202:convention card
198:
191:
167:3NT = 25-27 HCP
164:2NT = 20-21 HCP
161:1NT = 15-17 HCP
115:Hand evaluation
108:
84:
76:hand evaluation
67:
59:convention card
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2510:Bridge systems
2502:
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2474:External links
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2010:Camrose Trophy
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1347:
1345:Winkle squeeze
1342:
1337:
1332:
1330:Triple squeeze
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1300:Simple squeeze
1297:
1292:
1290:Pseudo-squeeze
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1255:Double squeeze
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1191:Loser on loser
1188:
1183:
1178:
1176:Crocodile coup
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1119:
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1113:
1112:
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1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1007:Avoidance play
1004:
998:
996:
988:
987:
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972:
969:
968:
966:
965:
959:
957:
953:
952:
950:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
922:Precision Club
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
852:Bidding system
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831:
827:
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818:
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808:
803:
798:
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791:Takeout double
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447:Bridge-O-Rama
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442:Bridge ethics
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88:Charles Goren
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43:Charles Goren
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2074:Goren Trophy
2029:
1874:Bermuda Bowl
1410:Smith signal
1385:Opening lead
1349:
1340:Vice squeeze
1315:Squeeze play
1220:
1186:Devil's coup
1141:
1122:
1087:Smother play
1057:Pin (bridge)
1022:Card reading
941:
937:Säffle Spade
932:Romex system
907:Little Major
816:Weak two bid
811:Void (cards)
796:Three suiter
681:Forcing pass
542:Masterpoints
467:Bridge whist
340:
327:
199:
109:
93:
85:
78:techniques.
68:
34:
33:
2005:Buffett Cup
1703:Crockford's
1672:Dallas Aces
1634:Other lists
1615:Switzerland
1585:New Zealand
1520:Netherlands
1216:Vienna coup
1137:Safety play
956:Conventions
917:Polish Club
882:Carrot Club
862:Boring Club
786:Strong pass
751:Psychic bid
676:Forcing bid
636:Bidding box
51:conventions
2428:Magazines:
2119:Marcus Cup
1919:Venice Cup
1723:Savoy Club
1395:Rule of 11
1211:Trump coup
927:Roman Club
821:Zar Points
801:Two suiter
781:Stolen bid
721:Minor suit
716:Major suit
547:Minibridge
322:References
265:Jacoby 2NT
47:treatments
2414:Magazines
2194:Reisinger
1677:Four Aces
1667:Blue Team
1480:Australia
1223:Squeezes:
1156:Bath coup
1012:Beer card
985:Card play
857:Blue Club
472:Bridgette
293:are used.
240:Blackwood
238:Straight
2504:Category
2224:Spingold
1595:Pakistan
1500:Bulgaria
1102:Uppercut
1082:Shooting
892:Fantunes
731:Overcall
686:Game try
420:Overview
305:See also
283:is used.
1851:General
1560:Ireland
1550:Hungary
1545:Germany
1535:Fiction
1530:England
1515:Denmark
1495:Britain
1485:Austria
1442:General
1132:Finesse
1047:Hold up
1032:Endplay
995:General
912:Moscito
830:Systems
736:Preempt
666:Cue bid
619:General
609:Bidding
587:Vugraph
517:Goulash
482:Chicago
430:General
174:Stayman
82:History
2342:Books:
1620:Taiwan
1610:Sweden
1605:Russia
1600:Poland
1590:Norway
1580:Monaco
1575:Mexico
1565:Israel
1540:France
1505:Canada
1490:Brazil
1405:Signal
1144:Coups:
1125:Basic:
1072:Revoke
562:Screen
347:
334:
182:Gerber
39:bridge
2301:Books
1867:World
1686:Clubs
1660:Teams
1570:Italy
1555:India
1525:Egypt
1510:China
1092:Tempo
1037:Entry
1017:Caddy
582:Trump
1166:Coup
1077:Ruff
1027:Duck
887:EHAA
847:Acol
572:Suit
345:ISBN
332:ISBN
289:and
263:The
189:SAYC
180:and
49:and
223:A 2
212:A 2
2506::
351:,
176:,
400:e
393:t
386:v
298:♣
277:.
275:â™
255:♦
251:♣
233:♦
229:♣
225:â™
220:.
214:♣
197:.
184:.
144:♣
31:.
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