93:. In one condition, there was no manipulation of the tape. In another condition, two brief, amusing "soundbites" by Reagan that got a very positive audience reaction were edited out. In a third condition, the soundbites were left in, but the audience reaction was edited out. In the unedited condition, the large majority of subjects thought Reagan's debate performance was superior to Mondale's. In the condition in which the soundbites were cut out, the preference for Reagan was completely eliminated, showing how strong an effect a couple of jokes were to influence overall perceptions of a 90-minute-long debate. But the results were even more dramatic for the third condition. Here, with the soundbites left in, but the audience reaction cut out, the subjects overwhelmingly thought Mondale's overall debate performance was superior to Reagan's. This demonstrated that it wasn't what Reagan actually said that made the difference, but rather the perceptions of the audience's reaction to what he said that had the biggest impact. Without the validation of the audience's laughter and applause, Reagan's one-liners flopped rather than soared, and viewers were affected significantly by that. This work was cited during the 2008 presidential debates between
77:. They found that participants whose self-image was reinforced were less likely to view a member of a stereotyped group as negative. On the other hand, when self-image was threatened, those participants tended to degrade the stereotyped member, which bolstered their self-image. Also, he has studied culture/ethnicity, media influences, interpersonal processes, self/identity, self-affirmation theory and
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Other publications by Fein include research on the role of arousal in stereotype threat, suspicion and the fundamental attribution error, and a study testing whether measuring the personalities of new medical students could predict what area of medicine they would specialize in several years later.
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Fein also conducted a series of experiments that demonstrated how people's perceptions of political candidates can be influenced dramatically by the reactions of others around them. For example, in one experiment, subjects watched a tape of a
Presidential debate between
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Maron, B. A., Fein, S., Maron, B. J., Hillel, A. T., El
Baghdadi, M. M., & Rodenhauser, P. (2007). Ability of prospective assessment of personality profiles to predict the practice specialty of medical students. Proceedings, Baylor University Medical Center, 20,
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Schechner, S. (2008, October 10). When your political opinion isn't yours alone; Broadcasts of political debates that include live audience feedback can influence what you're thinking--hecklers can too. Wall Street
Journal,
66:, mock jurors were exposed to PTP, after which they tended to vote “guilty.” However, when the PTP indicated that the defendant was African American, the jurors became suspicious of a racist motive within the publicity.
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when CNN showed a graph reflecting the reactions of a group of undecided voters live during the debates; Fein was quoted in numerous stories criticizing CNN for potentially influencing numerous voters in this way.
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Fein, S., Morgan, S. J., Norton, M. I., & Sommers, S. R. (1997). Hype and suspicion: Effects of pretrial publicity, race, and suspicion on jurors' verdicts. Journal of Social Issues, 53, 487-502.
161:" station on several occasions. One two of these occasions he has had the LA-based rock band, The Airborne Toxic Event, come on to the show for extensive interviews and live performances.
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1997 Vol. 73, No. 1,31-44 (cited 932 times according to Google
Scholar) and SJ Spencer, S Fein, CT Wolfe, C Fong "Automatic activation of stereotypes: The role of self-image threat" in
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Fein, S., & Spencer, S. J. (1997). Prejudice as self-image maintenance: Affirming the self through derogating others. Journal of
Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 31-44.
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Fein, S., Goethals, G. R., & Kugler, M. B. (2007). Social influence on political judgments: The case of presidential debates. Political
Psychology, 28, 165-192.
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Fein, S. (1996). Effects of suspicion on attributional thinking and the correspondence bias. Journal of
Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 1164-1184.
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His two most cited papers are Steven Fein and Steven J. Spencer "Prejudice as Self-image
Maintenance: Affirming the Self Through Derogating Others" in
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Ben-Zeev, T., Fein, S., & Inzlicht, M. (2005). Arousal and stereotype threat. Journal of
Experimental Social Psychology, 41, 174-181.
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Kassin, S. M., Fein, S., & Markus, H. R. (2008). Social psychology (7th ed.). Boston, MA: Houghton
Mifflin.
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Associated Press (August 13, 1988). Pitchers throw more beanballs in hot weather, study suggests."
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De La Mater, B. W. (2006, March 8). MTV: For better or worse. The Berkshire Eagle
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as well as the committee of the Society of Personality and Social Psychology.
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One of Fein’s experiments, Hype and suspicion, examined the effects of
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Another study by Fein and Spencer argued that self-image affects
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is a professor of psychology in the Department of Psychology at
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Readings in social psychology: The art and science of research
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November 1998 vol. 24 no. 11 1139-1152 (cited 308 times)
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