Hyphen - Knowledge (XXG)

245: 1605:". Uses such as "applied and sociolinguistics" (instead of "applied linguistics and sociolinguistics") are frowned upon; the Indiana University style guide uses this example and says "Do not 'take a shortcut' when the first expression is ordinarily open" (i.e., ordinarily two separate words). This is different, however, from instances where prefixes that are normally closed up (styled solidly) are used suspensively. For example, 4831: 1765: 347: 1086:. Without the hyphen, there is potential confusion about whether the writer means a "player of American football" or an "American player of football" and whether the writer means paintings that are "little celebrated" or "celebrated paintings" that are little. Compound modifiers can extend to three or more words, as in 3386: ... 12. Adverbs: Adverbs do not need to be linked to participles or adjectives by hyphens in simple constructions . But if the adverb is one of two words together being used adjectivally, a hyphen may be needed . The hyphen is especially likely to be needed if the adverb is short and common, such as 2082:

looks identical to the regular hyphen, but word processors treat it as a letter so that the hyphenated word will not be divided at the hyphen should this fall at what would be the end of a line of text; instead, either the whole hyphenated word will remain in full at the end of the line or it will go

1924:

for hyphen-minus will not have the optimal width, thickness, or vertical position, whereas the minus character is typically designed so that it does. Nevertheless, in many spreadsheet and programming applications the hyphen-minus must be typed to indicate subtraction, as use of the Unicode minus sign

315:

shows that Gutenberg's movable type was set justified in a uniform style, 42 equal lines per page. The Gutenberg printing press required words made up of individual letters of type to be held in place by a surrounding nonprinting rigid frame. Gutenberg solved the problem of making each line the same

1126:

the term to which it applies, a hyphen is typically not used if the compound is a temporary compound. For example, "that gentleman is well respected", not "that gentleman is well-respected"; or "a patient-centered approach was used" but "the approach was patient centered." But permanent compounds,

1111:. Although the expression is technically ambiguous ("students of a high school"/"school students who are high"), it would normally be formulated differently if other than the first meaning were intended. Noun–noun compound modifiers may also be written without a hyphen when no confusion is likely: 411:

provide detailed usage recommendations and have a significant amount of overlap in what they advise. Hyphens are mostly used to break single words into parts or to join ordinarily separate words into single words. Spaces are not placed between a hyphen and either of the elements it connects except

3709:

In typescript, a double hyphen (--) is often used for a long dash. Double hyphens in a typeset document are a sure sign that the type was set by a typist, not a typographer. A typographer will use an em dash, three-quarter em, or en dash, depending on context or personal style. The em dash is the

1257:

Hyphens are usually used to connect numbers and words in modifying phrases. Such is the case when used to describe dimensional measurements of weight, size, and time, under the rationale that, like other compound modifiers, they take hyphens in attributive position (before the modified noun),

3671:

Some ASCII characters have multiple uses, either through ambiguity in the original standards or through accumulated reinterpretations of a limited codeset. For example, 27 hex is defined in ANSI X3.4 as apostrophe (closing single quotation mark; acute accent), and 2D hex as hyphen

172:, and an unambiguous form known familiarly as the "Unicode hyphen", shown at the top of the infobox on this page. The character most often used to represent a hyphen (and the one produced by the key on a keyboard) is called the "hyphen-minus" by Unicode, deriving from the original 1127:

found as headwords in dictionaries, are treated as invariable, so if they are hyphenated in the cited dictionary, the hyphenation will be used in both attributive and predicative positions. For example, "A cost-effective method was used" and "The method was cost-effective" (

2055:, is used. A soft hyphen can be used to change the previous letter to a round s in the middle of a word. For example, 'prinſeſſen' can be corrected by inserting a soft hyphen between the 'ſ 's: 'prinſeſ-ſen' becomes 'prinſesſen' (which is correct in Norwegian). 1504:) for their new family by combining their two surnames with a hyphen. Jane Doe and John Smith might become Jane and John Smith-Doe, or Doe-Smith, for instance. In some countries only the woman hyphenates her birth surname, appending her husband's surname. 3710:

nineteenth-century standard, still prescribed in many editorial style books, but the em dash is too long for use with the best text faces. Like the oversized space between sentences, it belongs to the padded and corseted aesthetic of Victorian typography.

285:, the hyphen, still written beneath the text, reversed its meaning. Scribes used the mark to connect two words that had been incorrectly separated by a space. This era also saw the introduction of the marginal hyphen, for words broken across lines. 2250:

systems slashes in a filename introduce subdirectories which may not be desirable. Besides encouraging use of dashes, the Y-M-D order and zero-padding of numbers less than 10 are also copied from ISO 8601 to make the filenames sort by date order.

2009:) can often automatically make decisions on when to hyphenate a word at a line break, it is also sometimes useful for the user to be able to insert cues for those decisions (which are dynamic in the online medium, given that text can be 2214:

5008 in Germany). Now all official European Union (and many member state) documents use this style. This is also the typical date format used in large parts of Europe and Asia, although sometimes with other separators than the hyphen.

427:

nouns and verbs has, in general, been steadily declining. Compounds that might once have been hyphenated are increasingly left with spaces or are combined into one word. Reflecting this changing usage, in 2007, the sixth edition of the

516:

When flowing text, it is sometimes preferable to break a word into two so that it continues on another line rather than moving the entire word to the next line. The word may be divided at the nearest break point between syllables

1016:

In nineteenth-century American literature, hyphens were also used irregularly to divide syllables in words from indigenous North American languages, without regard for etymology or pronunciation, such as "Shuh-shuh-gah" (from

316:

length to fit the frame by inserting a hyphen as the last element at the right-side margin. This interrupted the letters in the last word, requiring the remaining letters be carried over to the start of the line below. His

420:). Style conventions that apply to hyphens (and dashes) have evolved to support ease of reading in complex constructions; editors often accept deviations if they aid rather than hinder easy comprehension. 2688:

With numbers, where a plural noun would normally be used in an unhyphenated predicative position, the singular form of the noun is generally used in the hyphenated form used attributively. Thus

1601:

This usage is now common and specifically recommended in some style guides. Suspended hyphens are also used, though less commonly, when the base word comes first, such as in "investor-owned and

521:) and a hyphen inserted to indicate that the letters form a word fragment, rather than a full word. This allows more efficient use of paper, allows flush appearance of right-side margins ( 249: 1971:. The character is usually followed by one or more letters that indicate specific actions. Typically it is called a dash or switch in this context. Various implementations of the 458:). The increasing prevalence of computer technology and the advent of the Internet have given rise to a subset of common nouns that might have been hyphenated in the past (e.g., 2152:

mark on keyboards is ambiguous (it can be interpreted – sometimes unexpectedly – as a hyphen or a minus, depending on context), in addition the

931:). This use of the diaeresis peaked in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, but it was never applied extensively across the language: only a handful of diaereses, including 6013: 4416: 2032:

occur. It can be a tedious task to insert the soft hyphens by hand, and tools using hyphenation algorithms are available that do this automatically. Current modules of the

622: 1176:

However, if an adverb can also function as an adjective, then a hyphen may be or should be used for clarity, depending on the style guide. For example, the phrase

3473: 2058:

In contrast, a hyphen that is always displayed and printed is called a "hard hyphen". This can be a Unicode hyphen, a hyphen-minus, or a nonbreaking hyphen (see

4790: 1979:, to specify long option names that are more descriptive than their single-letter equivalents. Another use of hyphens is that employed by programs written with 4867: 2098:

and a valid point at which to break a line when flowing text. However, this is not always desirable behavior, especially as it could lead to ambiguity (e.g.

361:. Almost nothing in this section is tied to reliable sources, and there's a great deal of prescriptivist punditry about "codification" of various "rules". 3289: 2725:

is preferred should one be needed. This avoids forcing a line break in an inconvenient place, should the text be reflowed. It becomes visible only if

1451:

clarifies that they stood near a group of people who loved aliens, as "alien" can be either an adjective or a noun. On the other hand, in the phrase

1593:) may be used when a single base word is used with separate, consecutive, hyphenated words that are connected by "and", "or", or "to". For example, 1386:, sometimes replaces the hyphen in hyphenated compounds if either of its constituent parts is already hyphenated or contains a space (for example, 479:

Despite decreased use, hyphenation remains the norm in certain compound-modifier constructions and, among some authors, with certain prefixes (see

5328: 2210:. This standard has been transposed as European Standard EN 28601 and has been incorporated into various national typographic style guides (e.g., 3320: 1901:

at U+2010 is generally inconvenient to enter on most keyboards and the glyphs for this hyphen and the hyphen-minus are identical in most fonts (

1432:(a tool that beats eggs), the result is sometimes hyphenated. Some authors do this consistently, others only for disambiguation; in this case, 3695: 3527: 3500: 3465: 3438: 3081: 3007: 2934: 2907: 529:. This kind of hyphenation is most useful when the width of the column (called the "line length" in typography) is very narrow. For example: 636:

for integral hyphens and a single hyphen for line-breaks, whereas Kromhout's Afrikaans–English dictionary uses the opposite convention. The

3860: 3234: 3829: 1258:

although not in predicative position (after the modified noun). This is applied whether numerals or words are used for the numbers. Thus

1230:", might reasonably be judged superfluous (the syntax is unlikely to be misinterpreted), yet plenty of style guides call for it. Because 1161:, are less likely to need hyphens." In the 19th century, it was common to hyphenate adverb–adjective modifiers with the adverb ending in 232:

sign written below two adjacent letters to indicate that they belong to the same word when it was necessary to avoid ambiguity, before

3796: 3640: 3486: 3115: 3041: 1455:, the hyphen will often be omitted (a hungry pizza lover), as "pizza" cannot be an adjective and the phrase is therefore unambiguous. 1804: 430: 390: 1928:

The hyphen-minus is often used instead of dashes or minus signs in situations where the latter characters are unavailable (such as

357: 2017:(discretionary hyphen, optional hyphen) was introduced, allowing such manual specification of a place where a hyphenated break is 1100:). However, if the compound is a familiar one, it is usually unhyphenated. For example, some style guides prefer the construction 5744: 4860: 2981: 2856: 6089: 3544: 1675:

Due to their similar appearances, hyphens are sometimes mistakenly used where an en dash or em dash would be more appropriate.

1131:

is a permanent compound that is hyphenated as a headword in various dictionaries). When one of the parts of the modifier is a

3242: 1786: 1547:. Use is often dictated by convention rather than fixed rules, and hyphenation styles may vary between authors; for example, 1507:

With already-hyphenated names, some parts are typically dropped. For example, Aaron Johnson and Samantha Taylor-Wood became

244: 2797: 1146:(e.g., "a poorly written novel"), various style guides advise no hyphen. However, some do allow for this use. For example, 577:

Rules (or guidelines) for correct hyphenation vary between languages, and may be complex, and they can interact with other

4785: 6036: 4670: 4632: 1623:) when suspended. Some editors prefer to avoid suspending such pairs, choosing instead to write out both words in full. 1060:

are groups of two or more words that jointly modify the meaning of another word. When a compound modifier other than an

2814: 593: 335: 5759: 4853: 4816: 3885: 2838: 2122:

th" could be used), and it is inappropriate in some languages other than English (e.g., a line break at the hyphen in

2095: 1905:

is one of the few exceptions). Consequently, use of the hyphen-minus as the hyphen character is very common. Even the

1234:

has both adverbial and adjectival senses, its hyphenation can attract attention; some editors, due to comparison with

372: 4396: 2809: 1375:. However, at least one major style guide hyphenates spelled-out fractions invariably (whether adjective or noun). 1775: 368: 4042: 1940:), or when the writer is unaware of the distinction. Consequently, some writers use two or three hyphen-minuses ( 638: 4800: 4617: 4288: 4225: 3930: 3853: 3454: 2959: There is no firm rule to help you decide which words are run together, hyphenated or left separate. 2484:(compatibility character for a wide katakana middle dot, has the Unicode property of "Hyphen" despite its name) 1227: 1031: 719: 3297: 1353:, hyphens are usually used when the fraction is used as an adjective but not when it is used as a noun: thus 1210:

reason" is not necessary, because the syntax cannot be misinterpreted.) A few short and common words—such as

3430: 2726: 2722: 1782: 31: 1527:

Connecting hyphens are used in a large number of miscellaneous compounds, other than modifiers, such as in

4245: 3968: 2200: 2186: 2033: 1487: 1350: 1153:

advises: "Adverbs do not need to be linked to participles or adjectives by hyphens in simple constructions

3562:

It is customary to insert a dash in G-d's name when written or printed on a medium that could be defaced.

3145: 2721:

The soft hyphen serves as an invisible marker that is used to specify a place in text where a hyphenated

698:) are sometimes hyphenated, especially when the unhyphenated spelling resembles another word or when the 6031: 5145: 4720: 4220: 4215: 4128: 4115: 3948: 2006: 1683:

Some stark examples of semantic changes caused by the placement of hyphens to mark attributive phrases:

1501: 914: 742: 707: 586: 522: 488: 271: 157: 1173:

are unambiguous, because the adverbs clearly modify the adjectives: "quickly" cannot modify "vehicle".

991:. This allows the hyphen to be reserved only for places where a hard hyphen is intended (for example, 6084: 6058: 6041: 5927: 5502: 4845: 4512: 4153: 4007: 3324: 3107:

The History of Lexicography: Papers from the Dictionary Research Centre Seminar at Exeter, March 1986

1508: 1026: 1009:). Similarly, hyphens may be used to indicate how a word is being or should be spelled. For example, 703: 702:

is deemed misinterpretable, ambiguous, or somehow "odd-looking" (for example, having two consecutive

5562: 3823: 2781: 2025:. That is, it does not force a line break in an inconvenient place when the text is later reflowed. 785:. When there are tripled letters, the hyphenated variant of these words is often more common (as in 6048: 5774: 5672: 5517: 5085: 4930: 4900: 4834: 4795: 4708: 4602: 4457: 4435: 4425: 4293: 3900: 3890: 3846: 3603: 2623: 2192: 2010: 1968: 1902: 1516: 628: 492: 326:, appears throughout the Bible as a short, double line inclined to the right at a 60-degree angle. 312: 3769: 3685: 3184: 1975:

function to parse command-line options additionally allow the use of two hyphen-minus characters,

6063: 6053: 4758: 4685: 4665: 4655: 4627: 4597: 4557: 4184: 4047: 4032: 3973: 3963: 2647: 2153: 1658: 1512: 952: 609: 526: 289: 260:. At the time hyphenation was joining two words that would otherwise be read separately by a low 149: 722:

has been relatively familiarized or popularized through extensive use in various contexts. As a

589:, when employed in concert with dictionaries, are sufficient for all but the most formal texts. 1650:

It can also be used to indicate a range of values, although many styles prefer an en dash (see

592:

It may be necessary to distinguish an incidental line-break hyphen from one integral to a word

5400: 5343: 4703: 4622: 4577: 4507: 3978: 3691: 3636: 3523: 3517: 3496: 3461: 3434: 3238: 3111: 3077: 3073: 3037: 3003: 2930: 2924: 2903: 2897: 2243: 2132: 2091: 2084: 1937: 1057: 1048: 554:

We, therefore, the

3746: 3031: 2997: 5789: 5710: 5634: 5294: 4589: 4542: 4381: 4328: 4189: 3999: 3105: 2853: 2174: 1988: 1906: 1640: 1136: 1052: 927: 601: 424: 404: 261: 3656: 2043:) fonts will change the character at the end of a word. An example is a font that places a 307:

hyphen, and he thus moved it to the middle of the line. Examination of an original copy on

6020: 5962: 5577: 4725: 4612: 4607: 4527: 4495: 4386: 4123: 3925: 2819: 2782:"American National Standard X3.4-1977: American Standard Code for Information Interchange" 1980: 1491: 1428: 1072:

a term, the compound modifier is often hyphenated to prevent misunderstanding, such as in

1018: 976: 710:

of English, like e+a, e+e, or e+i). However, the unhyphenated style, which is also called

518: 484: 300: 257: 4680: 2492:. The characters below do not have the Unicode property of "Hyphen" despite their names: 1447:, which without a hyphen implies that they stood near a group of lovers who were aliens; 2926:

Shady Characters: The Secret Life of Punctuation, Symbols, and Other Typographical Marks

2899:

Shady Characters: The Secret Life of Punctuation, Symbols, and Other Typographical Marks

5824: 5002: 4730: 4675: 4552: 4355: 4179: 4133: 4067: 4037: 3905: 3579: 3424: 2759: 2635: 2123: 893: 278: 2787:. National Institute of Standards and Technology. p. 10 (4.2 Graphic characters). 917:

may also be used in a like fashion, either to separate and mark off monographs (as in

6078: 5912: 5532: 5460: 5279: 5256: 4522: 4490: 4480: 4360: 3806: 3230: 3222: 3166: 3066: 2860: 2805: 2700:. There are occasional exceptions to this general rule, for instance with fractions ( 2641: 2566: 1669: 1632: 1226:—attract special attention in this category. The hyphen in "well- noun", such as in " 1148: 723: 633: 412:

when using a suspended or "hanging" hyphen that stands in for a repeated word (e.g.,

317: 134:, which is also wider and usually drawn a little higher to match the crossbar in the 1948:) to represent an em dash. In the TeX typesetting languages, a single hyphen-minus ( 1165:(e.g., "a craftily-constructed chair"). However, this has become rare. For example, 5997: 5657: 5415: 5214: 4780: 4660: 4547: 4532: 4502: 4462: 4445: 4199: 4169: 4143: 4052: 3895: 3877: 3801: 3381:(11th ed.). London / New York: Profile Books / PublicAffairs. pp. 77–78. 3203: 2659: 2272: 2207: 1823: 1644: 233: 161: 2971: 987:, sometimes called a "middle dot" or "hyphenation point", for this purpose, as in 3255: 2454:(compatibility character for a small hyphen-minus, used in East Asian typography) 1912:

The hyphen-minus has limited use in indicating subtraction; for example, compare

1466:; the first refers to a shark that eats people, and the second to a man who eats 5445: 5381: 5366: 5309: 4877: 4775: 4770: 4763: 4753: 4567: 4517: 4472: 4412: 4376: 4347: 4335: 4315: 4138: 4090: 3958: 2999:

Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged

2750: 2469:(compatibility character for a wide hyphen-minus, used in East Asian typography) 2421: 2286: 2219: 2014: 2000: 1929: 1764: 1132: 847: 843: 582: 578: 496: 408: 282: 165: 145: 91: 17: 3545:"Why Don't Jews Say G‑d's Name? - On the use of the word "Hashem" - Chabad.org" 3456:

Le Système international d'unités (SI) / The International System of Units (SI)

2954:(11th ed.). London / New York: Profile Books / PublicAffairs. p. 74. 2218:

This method has gained influence within North America, as most common computer

773:, and so on. Words often lose their hyphen as they become more common, such as 5885: 5687: 5615: 4979: 4881: 4748: 4562: 4452: 4305: 4298: 4275: 4230: 4194: 4148: 4105: 4100: 4095: 4080: 3920: 3915: 3910: 3869: 3817:

word breaking, line breaks, and special characters (including hyphens) in HTML

3574: 3549: 3349: 3218: 2653: 2619: 2489: 2196: 1933: 1467: 984: 804: 597: 304: 128: 3619:

Many people confuse hyphens and dashes because they look similar in printing.

1867:. Unicode has, in addition, other encodings for minus and hyphen characters: 726:, affixes are not hyphenated unless the lack of a hyphen would hurt clarity. 6025: 5843: 5430: 5100: 5040: 5017: 4945: 4240: 4235: 4012: 3940: 3469: 2247: 2223: 2157: 1519:

is a descendant of Louis Lemlé Dreyfus whose son was Léopold Louis-Dreyfus.

1199: 1065: 1030:. This usage is now rare and proscribed, except in some place names such as 799: 605: 500: 466: 135: 2206:. Thus, for example, 1789-07-14 is the standard way of writing the date of 2028:

Soft hyphens are inserted into the text at the positions where hyphenation

1330:. When the unit names are spelled out, this recommendation does not apply: 643:

suggested repeating an integral hyphen at the start of the following line.

256:

The first known documentation of the hyphen is in the grammatical works of

2833: 1984: 5943: 5729: 5475: 5130: 5115: 4713: 4572: 4391: 4264: 4250: 4075: 4027: 2976: 2203: 2191:

Use of hyphens to delineate the parts of a written date (rather than the

2040: 1322: 1306: 956: 472: 266: 225: 99: 3723: 2160:

for an unambiguous minus and an unambiguous hyphen. The Unicode hyphen (

1852:) is also assigned to this character in Unicode, where it is denoted as 5981: 5870: 5055: 4537: 4323: 4174: 4085: 4017: 3953: 2665: 2235: 1837: 1789: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1497: 1379: 951:, etc. are seldom encountered. In borrowings from Modern French, whose 910:) is a common variant, particularly among oncologists and geneticists. 863: 825: 460: 153: 121: 114: 2656: – Naming dispute over the name for post-Communist Czechoslovakia 2062:). Confusingly, the term is sometimes limited to nonbreaking hyphens. 1515:. Not all hyphenated surnames are the result of marriage. For example 5191: 4057: 3824:

Unicode interpretation of SOFT HYPHEN breaks ISO 8859-1 compatibility

3816: 3131: 2662: – Form of hyphen used in ancient Greek ("Papyrological hyphen") 2044: 1972: 1061: 671: 651: 308: 219: 207: 195: 3495:(6th ed.), Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 1840:

is identical to ASCII (the 1967 version) for all encodings up to 127

959:, various English dictionaries list the dieresis as optional (as in 375:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. 3321:"Using Hyphens in Compound Adjectives (and Exceptions to the Rule)" 2140:

would be undesirable). The nonbreaking hyphen addresses this need.

2036:(CSS) standard provide language-specific hyphenation dictionaries. 1987:

of a filename, with the hyphen then serving as an indicator that a

5592: 5547: 5070: 4915: 4283: 4022: 3990: 3130:

A fairly comprehensive list, although not exhaustive, is given at

1921: 1829: 1736:

are an indeterminate number of trees that are each 300 years old.

1316: 1300: 939:, are encountered with any appreciable frequency in English; thus 922: 775: 699: 617: 243: 173: 620:) but also to differentiate appearance (with a different glyph). 5237: 4639: 4485: 4430: 3492:

The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association

2231: 1651: 1412: 1326:)—the numerical value is always separated from it with a space: 525:) without oddly large word spaces, and decreases the problem of 110: 95: 30:

This article is about the punctuation mark. For other uses, see

4849: 3842: 3812: 3690:(third ed.). Hartley & Marks, Publishers. p. 80. 1909:

regularly uses the hyphen-minus rather than the U+2010 hyphen.

1402:). A commonly used alternative style is the hyphenated string ( 2668: – South Korean boy band, whose name refers to the hyphen 2227: 2211: 1967:

The hyphen-minus character is also often used when specifying

1758: 1662: 1631:

A hyphen may be used to connect groups of numbers, such as in

835: 340: 3838: 3826:. Unicode Technical Committee document L2/03-155R, June 2003. 3470:"Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI)" 2798: 1142:

When the first modifier in a compound is an adverb ending in

745:. Some words have both hyphenated and unhyphenated variants: 213: 201: 189: 3344: 3342: 1295: 407:

does not have definitive hyphenation rules, though various

3830:

United States Government Printing Office Style Manual 2000

1932:

or ASCII-only text), where they take effort to enter (via

1183:("reasons that are more important") is distinguished from 264:

between the two words. In Greek these marks were known as

1832:

character encoding, the hyphen (or minus) is character 45

1426:

When an object is compounded with a verbal noun, such as

983:. Various British and North American dictionaries use an 600:) or present in an original text being quoted (when in a 252:

from the University of Texas copy. The page has 40 lines.

3797:

Wiktionary list of English phrases spelled with a hyphen

3575:"Like vs. Like-Like: A Look at Reduplication in English" 1952:) renders a hyphen, a single hyphen-minus in math mode ( 1410:). (For other aspects of en dash–versus–hyphen use, see 1254:

clarifies that one is not speaking of little paintings.

334:

For Knowledge (XXG)'s own standards for hyphen use, see

3490: 2650: – Spelling and punctuation of the French language 2439:(has the Unicode property of "Hyphen" despite its name) 1139:, there is no hyphen (e.g., "a South American actor"). 364: 1478:

is a government program that monitors something else.

1157:... Less common adverbs, including all those that end 434:

removed the hyphens from 16,000 entries, such as

2094:

rules of most text systems consider a hyphen to be a

1053:

English compound § Hyphenated compound modifiers

3418: 3416: 3414: 3402:. Less common adverbs, including all those that end 1665:", although an en dash can be used as well ("G–d"). 729:

The hyphen may be used between vowel letters (e.g.,

4809: 4741: 4694: 4648: 4588: 4471: 4411: 4369: 4346: 4314: 4274: 4263: 4208: 4162: 4114: 4066: 3998: 3989: 3939: 3876: 3807:

Using hyphens in English; rules and recommendations

2239: 2106:would be indistinguishable with a line break after 1976: 1945: 1941: 1474:is a program that monitors the government, whereas 955:utilizes the diaeresis as a means to differentiate 798:Closed-up style is avoided in some cases: possible 53: 46: 41: 3065: 2488:Unicode distinguishes the hyphen from the general 3283: 3281: 3279: 3277: 3262:. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health 3132:Prefix > List of English derivational prefixes 2420:(used in ancient Near-Eastern linguistics and in 483:). Hyphenation is also routinely used as part of 3036:. Allied Publishers. p. xxxviii, § 8. 1960:) renders an en dash, and three hyphen-minuses ( 491:texts to avoid unsightly spacing (especially in 288:The modern format of the hyphen originated with 3372: 3370: 3160: 3158: 3068:Afrikaans–English, English–Afrikaans Dictionary 2684: 2682: 2083:in full to the beginning of the next line. The 1898: 1657:It is sometimes used to hide letters in words ( 102:of a single word. The use of hyphens is called 3770:"L2/21-036 Proposal to add the OBLIQUE HYPHEN" 3474:National Institute of Standards and Technology 3002:. Merriam-Webster. p. 14a, § 1.6.1. 2135: 1093:, and can be adverbial as well as adjectival ( 718:, is usually preferred, particularly when the 336:Knowledge (XXG):Manual of Style § Hyphens 4861: 4791:Intellectual property protection of typefaces 3854: 1443:An example of an ambiguous phrase appears in 906:, the solid (that is, unhyphenated) styling ( 152:for use with computers, it is represented in 8: 4333: 2644: – Historic punctuation mark (⹀) 2177:uses U+002D instead of U+2010 in its text. 1956:) renders a minus sign, two hyphen-minuses ( 1742:are three trees that are each 100 years old. 1652:Dash § En dash §§ Ranges of values 623:Webster's Third New International Dictionary 3741: 3739: 3737: 3453:Bureau international des poids et mesures, 2878: 2872: 2126: 1991:, instead of a file, is to be worked with. 1983:in mind: a single hyphen may be recognized 566:We, therefore, the represen- 148:concept, the hyphen is a single entity. In 4868: 4854: 4846: 4271: 3995: 3861: 3847: 3839: 3519:The Writer's Digest grammar desk reference 2929:. W.W. Norton & Company. p. 132. 2902:. W.W. Norton & Company. p. 121. 2638: – Concept in international relations 2110:), it does not split off an ending as in " 613: 480: 127:and others), which are wider, or with the 4817:Punctuation and other typographic symbols 1805:Learn how and when to remove this message 1636: 1488:Spanish naming customs § Hyphenation 391:Learn how and when to remove this message 6014:Version of this table as a sortable list 3487:American Psychological Association (APA) 3110:. John Benjamins Publishing. p. 9. 2259:Unicode has multiple hyphen characters: 2059: 1920:(hyphen-minus) — in most typefaces, the 1696:is a disease that causes poor nutrition. 1187:("additional important reasons"), where 975:Hyphens are occasionally used to denote 967:) despite the juxtaposition of a and i. 212:), "in one" (literally "under one"). An 169: 2742: 2678: 2051:at the end of a word, where a round s, 1748:are 300 trees that are each a year old. 1690:is poor nutrition that causes disease. 1449:they stood near a group of alien-lovers 1445:they stood near a group of alien lovers 188:The word is derived from Ancient Greek 3664:Unicode Version 1.0 · Character Blocks 3522:. Writer's Digest Books. p. 296. 3429:(10th ed.). Oxford, Oxfordshire: 2242:to introduce and separate switches to 2013:). For this purpose, the concept of a 1400:public-school–private-school rivalries 1373:I kept three quarters of it for myself 741:) to indicate that they do not form a 109:The hyphen is sometimes confused with 38: 3631:Haralambous, Yannis (2007). "ASCII". 3602:Gunner, Jennifer (22 February 2010). 3543:Davidson, Baruch (23 February 2011). 2405:(used only as a line-breaking hyphen) 176:standard, where it was called "hyphen 7: 5866: ⟨ ⟩ 3768:Everson, Michael (12 January 2021). 3604:"When and How To Use a Hyphen ( - )" 3296:. Indiana University. Archived from 2972:"Small object of grammatical desire" 1787:adding citations to reliable sources 1659:filleting for redaction or censoring 299:with the publication of his 42-line 248:First page of the first volume: the 3722:Korpela, Jukka K. (December 2020). 3516:Gary Lutz; Diane Stevenson (2005). 3406:, are less likely to need hyphens . 1496:Some married couples compose a new 27:Punctuation mark used to join words 3323:(Grammar tip). UHV. Archived from 2246:commands, and on both Windows and 1728:is a man who is eating shark meat. 1492:Portuguese name § Hyphenation 568:tatives of the United States 25: 3813:Soft hyphen (SHY)—a hard problem? 3687:The elements of typographic style 3423:Iverson, Cheryl (2007). "8.3.1". 3227:The Elements of Technical Writing 2863:". 2005. Accessed 7 October 2014. 2854:Greek Unicode Issues: Punctuation 1206:. (In contrast, the hyphen in "a 431:Shorter Oxford English Dictionary 4830: 4829: 3747:"Unicode 16.0 UCD: PropList.txt" 3472:, NIST Special Publication 811, 3319:Davis, John (30 November 2004). 2982:British Broadcasting Corporation 2874:Ελληνικός Οργανισμός Τυποποίησης 1897:, respectively. The unambiguous 1763: 1369:I drank two thirds of the bottle 345: 303:. His tools did not allow for a 250:epistle of St Jerome to Paulinus 2583:KATAKANA-HIRAGANA DOUBLE HYPHEN 2199:countries) is specified in the 1774:needs additional citations for 1476:a government monitoring program 1472:A government-monitoring program 1404:hormone-receptor-positive cells 1392:hormone receptor–positive cells 512:Justification and line-wrapping 55: 3635:. O'Reilly Media. p. 29. 2277:, a character of multiple uses 1712:is a working man who is tough. 1694:Disease causing poor nutrition 1688:Disease-causing poor nutrition 1608:preoperative and postoperative 1595:short-term and long-term plans 1: 4786:History of Western typography 3802:Economist Style Guide—Hyphens 3260:Bloomberg School Style Manual 3202:Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth. 3144:"Hyphenated Words: A Guide", 2996:Gove, Philip Babcock (1993). 2482:HALFWIDTH KATAKANA MIDDLE DOT 1721:is a shark that eats humans. 814:(the act of creating again), 556:representatives of the United 293: 160:. These include the dual-use 4633:traditional point-size names 3669:Loose vs. Precise Semantics. 3294:The IU editorial style guide 3104:Hartmann, R. Rf. K. (1986). 3072:. Hippocrene Books. p. 2729:occurs at the end of a line. 2648:French orthography § Hyphens 2626:for more round characters.) 2087:exists for similar reasons. 1746:Three hundred year-old trees 1740:Three hundred-year-old trees 1734:Three-hundred-year-old trees 1500:(sometimes referred to as a 1420:Object–verbal-noun compounds 1388:San Francisco–area residents 1294:. However, with symbols for 1191:is an adjective. Similarly, 971:Syllabification and spelling 898:is still hyphenated by both 220: 208: 196: 3886:Canons of page construction 3684:Bringhurst, Robert (2004). 3350:"Hyphenated Compound Words" 2839:Online Etymology Dictionary 2690:a woman who is 28 years old 2222:make the use of slashes in 2173:) is seldom used. Even the 1599:short- and long-term plans. 1252:little-celebrated paintings 1250:. Similarly, the hyphen in 604:), not only to control its 371:the claims made and adding 6106: 5329:inverted ! and ? 3608:grammar.yourdictionary.com 2799: 2389:MONGOLIAN TODO SOFT HYPHEN 2347:And in non-Latin scripts: 2184: 1998: 1821: 1563:may be hyphenated or not. 1485: 1462:is nearly the opposite of 1408:cell-cycle-related factors 1396:cell cycle–related factors 1242:, like the parallelism of 1046: 551: 533: 333: 214: 202: 190: 29: 6009: 5897: 5801: 5745:sound recording copyright 5699: 5604: 5487: 5355: 5268: 5203: 5029: 4889: 4825: 4043:Subscript and superscript 3815:(See also his article on 3379:The Economist Style Guide 3185:"American Indian Hyphens" 3030:Chambers, Allied (2006). 2952:The Economist Style Guide 2879: 2873: 2704:) and irregular plurals ( 2506:CANADIAN SYLLABICS HYPHEN 2226:difficult or impossible. 2148:Because the conventional 2047:, 'ſ ', everywhere 1705:is a man who works hard. 1288:the woman is 28 years old 1228:well-differentiated cells 1122:When a compound modifier 925:terminal e (for example, 904:Merriam-Webster's Medical 639:Concise Oxford Dictionary 423:The use of the hyphen in 313:U. S. Library of Congress 311:(Hubay index #35) in the 277:With the introduction of 4801:Vox-ATypI classification 3931:Intentionally blank page 2375:HEBREW PUNCTUATION MAQAF 2312:&dash;, &hyphen; 1925:will not be recognised. 1637:§ Usage in date notation 1314:of these units (such as 1117:department store manager 3431:Oxford University Press 3377:Wroe, Ann, ed. (2015). 3033:The Chambers Dictionary 2950:Wroe, Ann, ed. (2015). 2883:. ELOT (Athens), 2001. 2815:A Greek–English Lexicon 2599:YEZIDI HYPHENATION MARK 2195:used conventionally in 1899:§ "Unicode hyphen" 1620:pre- and post-operative 1434:egg-beater, egg beater, 1167:wholly owned subsidiary 32:Hyphen (disambiguation) 6090:Punctuation of English 5862: { } 5854: ( ) 5839: « » 5835: ‹ › 5820: " " 5816: ' ' 5812: “ ” 5808: ‘ ’ 4334: 3147:The Grammar Curmudgeon 3064:Kromhout, Jan (2001). 2923:Keith Houston (2013). 2896:Keith Houston (2013). 2467:FULLWIDTH HYPHEN-MINUS 2201:international standard 2187:Date format by country 2136: 2127: 2066:Nonbreaking hyphens 2034:Cascading Style Sheets 2007:hyphenation algorithms 1964:) renders an em dash. 1614:pre- and postoperative 1236:advanced-stage disease 1204:more beautiful scenery 1185:more important reasons 1171:quickly moving vehicle 808:(fun or sport) versus 587:Hyphenation algorithms 558:States of America ... 253: 3832:6. Compounding Rules] 3657:"3.1 General scripts" 3633:Fonts & Encodings 3468:, sub§5.4.3, p. 149; 2806:Liddell, Henry George 2706:a two-criteria review 2702:a two-thirds majority 2553:HYPHEN WITH DIAERESIS 2418:DOUBLE OBLIQUE HYPHEN 2185:Further information: 1999:Further information: 1995:Soft and hard hyphens 1585:, or less commonly a 1502:double-barrelled name 1310:)—in contrast to the 1292:a wingspan of 32 feet 1268:twenty-eight-year-old 1047:Further information: 1011:W-O-R-D spells "word" 850:nouns or adjectives ( 846:); combinations with 647:Prefixes and suffixes 614:hard and soft hyphens 247: 6059:Japanese punctuation 5760:registered trademark 5645: | 5503:plus and minus signs 4896: 4671:Typographic features 3728:IT and Communication 3724:"Dashes and hyphens" 3235:Macmillan Publishers 3205:The Song of Hiawatha 2984:. 20 September 2007. 2181:Use in date notation 2114:‑th" (though 1969:command-line options 1783:improve this article 1668:It is often used in 1509:Aaron Taylor-Johnson 1453:a hungry pizza-lover 1102:high school students 1068:combination appears 1027:The Song of Hiawatha 989:syl·la·bi·fi·ca·tion 981:syl-la-bi-fi-ca-tion 921:) or to signalize a 887:pre-1492 cartography 499:, as when used with 70:Non-breaking hyphen 6049:Chinese punctuation 5775:service mark symbol 5518:multiplication sign 5036: & 4796:Technical lettering 4695:Typography in other 4436:Hanging punctuation 3583:. 26 September 2013 3426:AMA Manual of Style 2880:ΕΛΟΤ 743, 2η Έκδοση 2624:bullet (typography) 2437:KATAKANA MIDDLE DOT 2327:NON-BREAKING HYPHEN 2072:non-breaking hyphen 2005:Although software ( 1903:Lucida Sans Unicode 1551:is also written as 1517:Julia Louis-Dreyfus 1328:a 25 kg sphere 1248:early-onset disease 1244:early-stage disease 1240:adult-onset disease 1202:) is distinct from 1113:grade point average 1024:, "blue heron") in 818:(turn back) versus 706:that look like the 629:Chambers Dictionary 596:(as when used in a 538:without hyphenation 292:of Mainz, Germany, 200:), contracted from 6064:Korean punctuation 6054:Hebrew punctuation 4759:Handwriting script 4686:Desktop publishing 4656:Character encoding 4649:Digital typography 4163:Horizontal aspects 4116:Visual distinction 3974:Widows and orphans 2710:a two-teeth bridge 2452:SMALL HYPHEN-MINUS 2343:for medieval texts 2154:Unicode consortium 2076:nonbreaking hyphen 1938:keyboard shortcuts 1597:may be written as 1561:lily-of-the-valley 1529:lily-of-the-valley 1513:Sam Taylor-Johnson 1464:a man eating shark 1460:a man-eating shark 1089:ice-cream-flavored 1058:Compound modifiers 1043:Compound modifiers 1000:un·self-con·scious 881:pre-1949 diplomacy 356:possibly contains 290:Johannes Gutenberg 254: 170:nonbreaking hyphen 156:by any of several 150:character encoding 94:mark used to join 6072: 6071: 5401:ordinal indicator 5344:irony punctuation 4843: 4842: 4590:Typographic units 4508:For position only 4407: 4406: 4259: 4258: 3697:978-0-88179-206-5 3529:978-1-58297-335-7 3502:978-1-4338-0562-2 3466:978-92-822-2272-0 3440:978-0-19-517633-9 3327:on 9 January 2010 3083:978-0-7818-0846-0 3009:978-0-87779-201-7 2936:978-0-393-06442-1 2909:978-0-393-06442-1 2859:6 August 2012 at 2832:Harper, Douglas. 2520:HYPHENATION POINT 2403:BALINESE PAMENENG 2144:"Unicode hyphen" 2092:word segmentation 2085:nonbreaking space 1815: 1814: 1807: 1641:telephone numbers 1579:suspensive hyphen 1567:Suspended hyphens 1082:little-celebrated 1075:American-football 1049:Compound modifier 869:anti-TNF antibody 575: 574: 416:twentieth-century 401: 400: 393: 358:original research 79: 78: 74: 73: 16:(Redirected from 6097: 6021:Currency symbols 6001: 6000: 5994: 5986: 5985: 5984:(paragraph mark) 5978: 5974: 5966: 5965: 5959: 5955: 5947: 5946: 5940: 5932: 5931: 5924: 5916: 5915: 5909: 5905: 5889: 5888: 5882: 5874: 5873: 5867: 5863: 5859: 5855: 5847: 5846: 5840: 5836: 5828: 5827: 5821: 5817: 5813: 5809: 5793: 5792: 5790:trademark symbol 5786: 5778: 5777: 5771: 5763: 5762: 5756: 5748: 5747: 5741: 5733: 5732: 5726: 5724: 5714: 5713: 5711:copyright symbol 5707: 5691: 5690: 5684: 5676: 5675: 5669: 5661: 5660: 5654: 5650: 5646: 5638: 5637: 5631: 5629: 5619: 5618: 5612: 5596: 5595: 5589: 5581: 5580: 5574: 5566: 5565: 5559: 5551: 5550: 5544: 5536: 5535: 5529: 5521: 5520: 5514: 5506: 5505: 5499: 5495: 5479: 5478: 5472: 5464: 5463: 5457: 5449: 5448: 5442: 5434: 5433: 5427: 5419: 5418: 5412: 5404: 5403: 5397: 5393: 5385: 5384: 5378: 5370: 5369: 5363: 5347: 5346: 5340: 5332: 5331: 5325: 5321: 5313: 5312: 5306: 5298: 5297: 5295:exclamation mark 5291: 5283: 5282: 5276: 5260: 5259: 5253: 5249: 5241: 5240: 5234: 5230: 5226: 5218: 5217: 5211: 5195: 5194: 5188: 5186: 5183: 5180: 5176: 5173: 5169: 5166: 5162: 5159: 5149: 5148: 5142: 5134: 5133: 5127: 5119: 5118: 5112: 5104: 5103: 5097: 5089: 5088: 5082: 5074: 5073: 5067: 5059: 5058: 5052: 5044: 5043: 5037: 5021: 5020: 5014: 5006: 5005: 4999: 4995: 4991: 4983: 4982: 4976: 4972: 4964: 4963: 4957: 4949: 4948: 4942: 4934: 4933: 4927: 4919: 4918: 4912: 4904: 4903: 4897: 4870: 4863: 4856: 4847: 4833: 4832: 4810:Related template 4742:Related articles 4543:Phototypesetting 4397:reverse-contrast 4382:Display typeface 4339: 4316:Blackletter type 4272: 4209:Vertical aspects 4190:Sentence spacing 4000:Typeface anatomy 3996: 3863: 3856: 3849: 3840: 3784: 3783: 3781: 3779: 3774: 3765: 3759: 3758: 3756: 3754: 3743: 3732: 3731: 3719: 3713: 3712: 3706: 3704: 3681: 3675: 3674: 3661: 3653: 3647: 3646: 3628: 3622: 3621: 3616: 3614: 3599: 3593: 3592: 3590: 3588: 3571: 3565: 3564: 3559: 3557: 3540: 3534: 3533: 3513: 3507: 3506: 3483: 3477: 3460:(Sèvres: 2019), 3451: 3445: 3444: 3420: 3409: 3408: 3374: 3365: 3364: 3362: 3360: 3346: 3337: 3336: 3334: 3332: 3316: 3310: 3309: 3307: 3305: 3285: 3272: 3271: 3269: 3267: 3251: 3245: 3216: 3210: 3209: 3199: 3193: 3192: 3183:Liberman, Mark. 3180: 3174: 3172: 3162: 3153: 3151: 3141: 3135: 3128: 3122: 3121: 3101: 3095: 3094: 3092: 3090: 3071: 3061: 3055: 3054: 3052: 3050: 3027: 3021: 3020: 3018: 3016: 2993: 2987: 2985: 2968: 2962: 2961: 2947: 2941: 2940: 2920: 2914: 2913: 2893: 2887: 2886: 2882: 2881: 2876: 2875: 2870: 2864: 2852:Nicolas, Nick. " 2850: 2844: 2843: 2829: 2823: 2802: 2801: 2795: 2789: 2788: 2786: 2778: 2772: 2771: 2769: 2767: 2747: 2730: 2719: 2713: 2697: 2686: 2614: 2611: 2608: 2606: 2600: 2597: 2596: 2592: 2590: 2584: 2581: 2578: 2576: 2569: 2565: 2562: 2560: 2554: 2551: 2548: 2546: 2539: 2535: 2532: 2529: 2527: 2521: 2518: 2515: 2513: 2507: 2504: 2501: 2499: 2483: 2480: 2477: 2475: 2468: 2465: 2462: 2460: 2453: 2450: 2447: 2445: 2438: 2435: 2432: 2430: 2419: 2416: 2413: 2411: 2404: 2401: 2398: 2396: 2390: 2387: 2384: 2382: 2376: 2373: 2370: 2368: 2362: 2359: 2356: 2354: 2342: 2339: 2336: 2334: 2328: 2325: 2322: 2320: 2313: 2309: 2306: 2303: 2301: 2294: 2289: 2285: 2283: 2275: 2271: 2268: 2266: 2241: 2175:Unicode Standard 2172: 2169: 2166: 2164: 2139: 2130: 2054: 1978: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1919: 1915: 1907:Unicode Standard 1896: 1895: 1892: 1889: 1887: 1881: 1880: 1877: 1874: 1872: 1866: 1865: 1862: 1859: 1857: 1810: 1803: 1799: 1796: 1790: 1767: 1759: 1755:Use in computing 1726:man eating shark 1719:man-eating shark 1710:hard working man 1703:hard-working man 1621: 1615: 1609: 1604: 1575:suspended hyphen 1440:are all common. 1385: 1378:In English, an 1364: 1357: 1343: 1335: 1283: 1276: 1269: 1262: 1209: 1195: 1180: 1156: 1137:proper adjective 1108: 1097: 1096:spine-tinglingly 1090: 1083: 1076: 1007: 1001: 995: 896: 888: 882: 876: 870: 860: 859:de-Stalinisation 854: 842:(organized into 832: 822: 812: 789: 783: 770: 763: 756: 749: 696: 690: 684: 678: 616:having the same 608:behavior (which 602:critical edition 547:with hyphenation 532: 531: 425:English compound 417: 414:nineteenth- and 405:English language 396: 389: 385: 382: 376: 373:inline citations 349: 348: 341: 324: 298: 295: 231: 223: 217: 216: 211: 205: 204: 199: 193: 192: 179: 140: 133: 126: 119: 98:and to separate 88: 56: 39: 21: 18:Suspended hyphen 6105: 6104: 6100: 6099: 6098: 6096: 6095: 6094: 6075: 6074: 6073: 6068: 6005: 5996: 5993: § 5992: 5990: 5980: 5977: ⸿ 5976: 5973: ¶ 5972: 5970: 5961: 5958: ⌑ 5957: 5954: ◊ 5953: 5951: 5942: 5939: ☞ 5938: 5936: 5930:(hedera, aldus) 5926: 5923: ❧ 5922: 5920: 5911: 5908: ‡ 5907: 5904: † 5903: 5901: 5893: 5884: 5881: ” 5880: 5878: 5869: 5865: 5861: 5857: 5853: 5851: 5842: 5838: 5834: 5832: 5823: 5819: 5815: 5811: 5807: 5805: 5797: 5788: 5784: 5782: 5773: 5769: 5767: 5758: 5755: ® 5754: 5752: 5743: 5740: ℗ 5739: 5737: 5728: 5722: 5720: 5718: 5709: 5706: © 5705: 5703: 5695: 5686: 5683: · 5682: 5680: 5671: 5668: • 5667: 5665: 5656: 5653: ‖ 5652: 5649: ¦ 5648: 5644: 5642: 5633: 5627: 5625: 5623: 5614: 5611: _ 5610: 5608: 5600: 5591: 5588: ^ 5587: 5585: 5578:minus-plus sign 5576: 5573: ∓ 5572: 5570: 5563:plus–minus sign 5561: 5558: ± 5557: 5555: 5546: 5543: ~ 5542: 5540: 5531: 5528: ÷ 5527: 5525: 5516: 5513: × 5512: 5510: 5501: 5498: − 5497: 5494: + 5493: 5491: 5483: 5474: 5471: ⌀ 5470: 5468: 5459: 5456: ° 5455: 5453: 5444: 5441: ‱ 5440: 5438: 5429: 5426: ‰ 5425: 5423: 5414: 5411: % 5410: 5408: 5399: 5396: ª 5395: 5392: º 5391: 5389: 5380: 5377: № 5376: 5374: 5365: 5362: # 5361: 5359: 5351: 5342: 5339: ⸮ 5338: 5336: 5327: 5324: ¿ 5323: 5320: ¡ 5319: 5317: 5308: 5305: ‽ 5304: 5302: 5293: 5290: ! 5289: 5287: 5278: 5275: ? 5274: 5272: 5264: 5255: 5252: ⸗ 5251: 5248: ⹀ 5247: 5245: 5236: 5233: — 5232: 5229: – 5228: 5225: ‒ 5224: 5222: 5213: 5210: - 5209: 5207: 5199: 5190: 5184: 5181: 5178: 5174: 5171: 5167: 5164: 5160: 5157: 5155: 5153: 5144: 5141: ⁂ 5140: 5138: 5129: 5126: * 5125: 5123: 5114: 5111: … 5110: 5108: 5099: 5096: \ 5095: 5093: 5084: 5081: / 5080: 5078: 5069: 5066: ^ 5065: 5063: 5054: 5051: @ 5050: 5048: 5039: 5035: 5033: 5025: 5016: 5013: . 5012: 5010: 5001: 4998: ‴ 4997: 4994: ″ 4993: 4990: ′ 4989: 4987: 4978: 4975: ' 4974: 4971: ’ 4970: 4968: 4959: 4956: ‐ 4955: 4953: 4944: 4941: ; 4940: 4938: 4929: 4926: : 4925: 4923: 4914: 4911: , 4910: 4908: 4899: 4895: 4893: 4885: 4874: 4844: 4839: 4821: 4805: 4737: 4697:writing systems 4696: 4690: 4644: 4584: 4528:Microtypography 4467: 4403: 4365: 4342: 4310: 4267:classifications 4266: 4255: 4204: 4158: 4124:Blackboard bold 4110: 4062: 3985: 3935: 3926:Recto and verso 3872: 3867: 3836: 3811:Jukka Korpela, 3793: 3788: 3787: 3777: 3775: 3772: 3767: 3766: 3762: 3752: 3750: 3745: 3744: 3735: 3721: 3720: 3716: 3702: 3700: 3698: 3683: 3682: 3678: 3659: 3655: 3654: 3650: 3643: 3630: 3629: 3625: 3612: 3610: 3601: 3600: 3596: 3586: 3584: 3573: 3572: 3568: 3555: 3553: 3542: 3541: 3537: 3530: 3515: 3514: 3510: 3503: 3485: 3484: 3480: 3452: 3448: 3441: 3422: 3421: 3412: 3376: 3375: 3368: 3358: 3356: 3354:englishplus.com 3348: 3347: 3340: 3330: 3328: 3318: 3317: 3313: 3303: 3301: 3300:on 14 June 2019 3288: 3286: 3275: 3265: 3263: 3254: 3252: 3248: 3217: 3213: 3201: 3200: 3196: 3182: 3181: 3177: 3164: 3163: 3156: 3143: 3142: 3138: 3129: 3125: 3118: 3103: 3102: 3098: 3088: 3086: 3084: 3063: 3062: 3058: 3048: 3046: 3044: 3029: 3028: 3024: 3014: 3012: 3010: 2995: 2994: 2990: 2970: 2969: 2965: 2949: 2948: 2944: 2937: 2922: 2921: 2917: 2910: 2895: 2894: 2890: 2884: 2871: 2867: 2851: 2847: 2831: 2830: 2826: 2820:Perseus Project 2796: 2792: 2784: 2780: 2779: 2775: 2765: 2763: 2749: 2748: 2744: 2739: 2734: 2733: 2720: 2716: 2695: 2687: 2680: 2675: 2632: 2612: 2609: 2604: 2603: 2598: 2594: 2593: 2588: 2587: 2582: 2579: 2574: 2573: 2567: 2563: 2558: 2557: 2552: 2549: 2544: 2543: 2537: 2533: 2530: 2525: 2524: 2519: 2516: 2511: 2510: 2505: 2502: 2497: 2496: 2481: 2478: 2473: 2472: 2466: 2463: 2458: 2457: 2451: 2448: 2443: 2442: 2436: 2433: 2428: 2427: 2417: 2414: 2409: 2408: 2402: 2399: 2394: 2393: 2388: 2385: 2380: 2379: 2374: 2371: 2366: 2365: 2361:ARMENIAN HYPHEN 2360: 2357: 2352: 2351: 2340: 2337: 2332: 2331: 2326: 2323: 2318: 2317: 2311: 2307: 2304: 2299: 2298: 2292: 2287: 2281: 2280: 2273: 2269: 2264: 2263: 2257: 2189: 2183: 2170: 2167: 2162: 2161: 2146: 2080:no-break hyphen 2068: 2052: 2003: 1997: 1989:standard stream 1961: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1917: 1913: 1893: 1890: 1885: 1884: 1883: 1878: 1875: 1870: 1869: 1868: 1863: 1860: 1855: 1854: 1853: 1851: 1847: 1844:, the number 45 1843: 1835: 1826: 1820: 1811: 1800: 1794: 1791: 1780: 1768: 1757: 1681: 1679:Varied meanings 1629: 1619: 1613: 1607: 1602: 1591:floating hyphen 1577:(also called a 1569: 1525: 1523:Other compounds 1494: 1484: 1422: 1383: 1362: 1355: 1349:In spelled-out 1341: 1333: 1298:units (such as 1282:thirty-two-foot 1281: 1274: 1267: 1260: 1207: 1193: 1178: 1154: 1106: 1095: 1088: 1081: 1074: 1055: 1045: 1040: 1005: 999: 994:self-con·scious 993: 977:syllabification 973: 892: 886: 880: 878:); or numbers ( 874: 868: 858: 852: 830: 820: 810: 787: 781: 768: 761: 754: 747: 694: 688: 682: 676: 649: 641:(fifth edition) 594:being mentioned 570:of America ... 569: 567: 557: 555: 546: 537: 519:syllabification 514: 509: 485:syllabification 415: 397: 386: 380: 377: 362: 350: 346: 339: 332: 325: 322: 296: 258:Dionysius Thrax 242: 236:was practiced. 229: 186: 177: 138: 131: 124: 117: 86: 75: 49: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6103: 6101: 6093: 6092: 6087: 6077: 6076: 6070: 6069: 6067: 6066: 6061: 6056: 6051: 6045: 6044: 6039: 6034: 6029: 6023: 6017: 6016: 6010: 6007: 6006: 6004: 6003: 5988: 5968: 5949: 5934: 5918: 5898: 5895: 5894: 5892: 5891: 5876: 5858: 5849: 5830: 5825:quotation mark 5802: 5799: 5798: 5796: 5795: 5785: 5780: 5770: 5765: 5750: 5735: 5716: 5700: 5697: 5696: 5694: 5693: 5678: 5663: 5640: 5621: 5605: 5602: 5601: 5599: 5598: 5583: 5568: 5553: 5538: 5523: 5508: 5488: 5485: 5484: 5482: 5481: 5466: 5451: 5436: 5421: 5406: 5387: 5372: 5356: 5353: 5352: 5350: 5349: 5334: 5315: 5300: 5285: 5269: 5266: 5265: 5263: 5262: 5243: 5220: 5204: 5201: 5200: 5198: 5197: 5151: 5136: 5121: 5106: 5091: 5076: 5061: 5046: 5030: 5027: 5026: 5024: 5023: 5008: 4985: 4966: 4951: 4936: 4921: 4906: 4890: 4887: 4886: 4875: 4873: 4872: 4865: 4858: 4850: 4841: 4840: 4838: 4837: 4826: 4823: 4822: 4820: 4819: 4813: 4811: 4807: 4806: 4804: 4803: 4798: 4793: 4788: 4783: 4778: 4773: 4768: 4767: 4766: 4761: 4756: 4745: 4743: 4739: 4738: 4736: 4735: 4734: 4733: 4731:National Fonts 4723: 4718: 4717: 4716: 4706: 4700: 4698: 4692: 4691: 4689: 4688: 4683: 4678: 4676:Web typography 4673: 4668: 4663: 4658: 4652: 4650: 4646: 4645: 4643: 4642: 4637: 4636: 4635: 4625: 4620: 4615: 4610: 4605: 4600: 4594: 4592: 4586: 4585: 4583: 4582: 4581: 4580: 4570: 4565: 4560: 4555: 4553:Reversing type 4550: 4545: 4540: 4535: 4530: 4525: 4520: 4515: 4510: 4505: 4500: 4499: 4498: 4493: 4483: 4477: 4475: 4469: 4468: 4466: 4465: 4460: 4455: 4450: 4449: 4448: 4438: 4433: 4428: 4422: 4420: 4409: 4408: 4405: 4404: 4402: 4401: 4400: 4399: 4394: 4389: 4379: 4373: 4371: 4367: 4366: 4364: 4363: 4358: 4352: 4350: 4344: 4343: 4341: 4340: 4331: 4326: 4320: 4318: 4312: 4311: 4309: 4308: 4303: 4302: 4301: 4296: 4291: 4280: 4278: 4269: 4261: 4260: 4257: 4256: 4254: 4253: 4248: 4243: 4238: 4233: 4228: 4223: 4218: 4212: 4210: 4206: 4205: 4203: 4202: 4197: 4192: 4187: 4182: 4180:Letter-spacing 4177: 4172: 4166: 4164: 4160: 4159: 4157: 4156: 4151: 4146: 4141: 4136: 4134:Color printing 4131: 4126: 4120: 4118: 4112: 4111: 4109: 4108: 4103: 4098: 4093: 4088: 4083: 4078: 4072: 4070: 4068:Capitalization 4064: 4063: 4061: 4060: 4055: 4050: 4045: 4040: 4035: 4030: 4025: 4020: 4015: 4010: 4004: 4002: 3993: 3987: 3986: 3984: 3983: 3982: 3981: 3971: 3966: 3961: 3956: 3951: 3945: 3943: 3937: 3936: 3934: 3933: 3928: 3923: 3918: 3913: 3908: 3906:Page numbering 3903: 3898: 3893: 3888: 3882: 3880: 3874: 3873: 3868: 3866: 3865: 3858: 3851: 3843: 3834: 3833: 3827: 3820: 3809: 3804: 3799: 3792: 3791:External links 3789: 3786: 3785: 3760: 3733: 3714: 3696: 3676: 3666:. p. 30. 3648: 3642:978-0596102425 3641: 3623: 3594: 3580:Dictionary.com 3566: 3535: 3528: 3508: 3501: 3478: 3446: 3439: 3410: 3366: 3338: 3311: 3273: 3246: 3211: 3194: 3175: 3171:, Grammar book 3154: 3136: 3123: 3117:978-9027245236 3116: 3096: 3082: 3056: 3043:978-8186062258 3042: 3022: 3008: 2988: 2963: 2942: 2935: 2915: 2908: 2888: 2865: 2845: 2824: 2790: 2773: 2760:dictionary.com 2741: 2740: 2738: 2735: 2732: 2731: 2714: 2677: 2676: 2674: 2671: 2670: 2669: 2663: 2657: 2651: 2645: 2639: 2636:De-hyphenation 2631: 2628: 2616: 2615: 2601: 2585: 2571: 2555: 2541: 2522: 2508: 2486: 2485: 2470: 2455: 2440: 2425: 2406: 2391: 2377: 2363: 2345: 2344: 2341:OBLIQUE HYPHEN 2329: 2315: 2296: 2278: 2256: 2253: 2182: 2179: 2145: 2142: 2067: 2064: 1996: 1993: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1833: 1822:Main article: 1819: 1818:Hyphen-minuses 1816: 1813: 1812: 1771: 1769: 1762: 1756: 1753: 1752: 1751: 1750: 1749: 1743: 1731: 1730: 1729: 1715: 1714: 1713: 1699: 1698: 1697: 1680: 1677: 1628: 1625: 1583:hanging hyphen 1568: 1565: 1524: 1521: 1483: 1482:Personal names 1480: 1421: 1418: 1413:Dash § En dash 1208:more-important 1194:more-beautiful 1179:more-important 1129:cost-effective 1044: 1041: 1039: 1036: 1006:long-stand·ing 972: 969: 894:proto-oncogene 648: 645: 573: 572: 563: 560: 550: 549: 545:Justified text 542: 540: 536:Justified text 513: 510: 508: 505: 399: 398: 353: 351: 344: 331: 330:Use in English 328: 321: 279:letter spacing 241: 238: 185: 182: 77: 76: 72: 71: 68: 64: 63: 60: 54: 51: 50: 47: 44: 43: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6102: 6091: 6088: 6086: 6083: 6082: 6080: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6047: 6046: 6043: 6040: 6038: 6035: 6033: 6032:Logic symbols 6030: 6027: 6024: 6022: 6019: 6018: 6015: 6012: 6011: 6008: 5999: 5995: 5989: 5983: 5979: 5969: 5964: 5960: 5950: 5945: 5941: 5935: 5929: 5925: 5919: 5914: 5910: 5900: 5899: 5896: 5887: 5883: 5877: 5872: 5868: 5850: 5845: 5841: 5831: 5826: 5822: 5804: 5803: 5800: 5791: 5787: 5781: 5776: 5772: 5766: 5761: 5757: 5751: 5746: 5742: 5736: 5731: 5727: 5717: 5712: 5708: 5702: 5701: 5698: 5689: 5685: 5679: 5674: 5670: 5664: 5659: 5655: 5641: 5636: 5632: 5622: 5617: 5613: 5607: 5606: 5603: 5594: 5590: 5584: 5579: 5575: 5569: 5564: 5560: 5554: 5549: 5545: 5539: 5534: 5533:division sign 5530: 5524: 5519: 5515: 5509: 5504: 5500: 5490: 5489: 5486: 5477: 5476:diameter sign 5473: 5467: 5462: 5461:degree symbol 5458: 5452: 5447: 5443: 5437: 5432: 5428: 5422: 5417: 5413: 5407: 5402: 5398: 5388: 5383: 5379: 5373: 5368: 5364: 5358: 5357: 5354: 5345: 5341: 5335: 5330: 5326: 5316: 5311: 5307: 5301: 5296: 5292: 5286: 5281: 5280:question mark 5277: 5271: 5270: 5267: 5258: 5257:double hyphen 5254: 5244: 5239: 5235: 5221: 5216: 5212: 5206: 5205: 5202: 5193: 5189: 5152: 5147: 5143: 5137: 5132: 5128: 5122: 5117: 5113: 5107: 5102: 5098: 5092: 5087: 5083: 5077: 5072: 5068: 5062: 5057: 5053: 5047: 5042: 5038: 5032: 5031: 5028: 5019: 5015: 5009: 5004: 5000: 4986: 4981: 4977: 4967: 4962: 4958: 4952: 4947: 4943: 4937: 4932: 4928: 4922: 4917: 4913: 4907: 4902: 4898: 4892: 4891: 4888: 4883: 4882:typographical 4879: 4871: 4866: 4864: 4859: 4857: 4852: 4851: 4848: 4836: 4828: 4827: 4824: 4818: 4815: 4814: 4812: 4808: 4802: 4799: 4797: 4794: 4792: 4789: 4787: 4784: 4782: 4779: 4777: 4774: 4772: 4769: 4765: 4762: 4760: 4757: 4755: 4752: 4751: 4750: 4747: 4746: 4744: 4740: 4732: 4729: 4728: 4727: 4724: 4722: 4719: 4715: 4712: 4711: 4710: 4707: 4705: 4702: 4701: 4699: 4693: 4687: 4684: 4682: 4681:Bézier curves 4679: 4677: 4674: 4672: 4669: 4667: 4666:Rasterization 4664: 4662: 4659: 4657: 4654: 4653: 4651: 4647: 4641: 4638: 4634: 4631: 4630: 4629: 4626: 4624: 4621: 4619: 4616: 4614: 4611: 4609: 4606: 4604: 4601: 4599: 4596: 4595: 4593: 4591: 4587: 4579: 4576: 4575: 4574: 4571: 4569: 4566: 4564: 4561: 4559: 4556: 4554: 4551: 4549: 4546: 4544: 4541: 4539: 4536: 4534: 4531: 4529: 4526: 4524: 4523:Microprinting 4521: 4519: 4516: 4514: 4511: 4509: 4506: 4504: 4501: 4497: 4494: 4492: 4489: 4488: 4487: 4484: 4482: 4481:Etaoin shrdlu 4479: 4478: 4476: 4474: 4470: 4464: 4461: 4459: 4456: 4454: 4451: 4447: 4444: 4443: 4442: 4439: 4437: 4434: 4432: 4429: 4427: 4424: 4423: 4421: 4418: 4414: 4410: 4398: 4395: 4393: 4390: 4388: 4385: 4384: 4383: 4380: 4378: 4375: 4374: 4372: 4368: 4362: 4359: 4357: 4354: 4353: 4351: 4349: 4345: 4338: 4337: 4332: 4330: 4327: 4325: 4322: 4321: 4319: 4317: 4313: 4307: 4304: 4300: 4297: 4295: 4292: 4290: 4287: 4286: 4285: 4282: 4281: 4279: 4277: 4273: 4270: 4268: 4262: 4252: 4249: 4247: 4244: 4242: 4239: 4237: 4234: 4232: 4229: 4227: 4224: 4222: 4219: 4217: 4214: 4213: 4211: 4207: 4201: 4198: 4196: 4193: 4191: 4188: 4186: 4183: 4181: 4178: 4176: 4173: 4171: 4168: 4167: 4165: 4161: 4155: 4152: 4150: 4147: 4145: 4142: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4125: 4122: 4121: 4119: 4117: 4113: 4107: 4104: 4102: 4099: 4097: 4094: 4092: 4089: 4087: 4084: 4082: 4079: 4077: 4074: 4073: 4071: 4069: 4065: 4059: 4056: 4054: 4051: 4049: 4046: 4044: 4041: 4039: 4036: 4034: 4031: 4029: 4026: 4024: 4021: 4019: 4016: 4014: 4011: 4009: 4006: 4005: 4003: 4001: 3997: 3994: 3992: 3988: 3980: 3977: 3976: 3975: 3972: 3970: 3967: 3965: 3962: 3960: 3957: 3955: 3952: 3950: 3947: 3946: 3944: 3942: 3938: 3932: 3929: 3927: 3924: 3922: 3919: 3917: 3914: 3912: 3909: 3907: 3904: 3902: 3899: 3897: 3894: 3892: 3889: 3887: 3884: 3883: 3881: 3879: 3875: 3871: 3864: 3859: 3857: 3852: 3850: 3845: 3844: 3841: 3837: 3831: 3828: 3825: 3822:Markus Kuhn, 3821: 3818: 3814: 3810: 3808: 3805: 3803: 3800: 3798: 3795: 3794: 3790: 3771: 3764: 3761: 3749:. 31 May 2024 3748: 3742: 3740: 3738: 3734: 3729: 3725: 3718: 3715: 3711: 3699: 3693: 3689: 3688: 3680: 3677: 3673: 3670: 3665: 3658: 3652: 3649: 3644: 3638: 3634: 3627: 3624: 3620: 3609: 3605: 3598: 3595: 3582: 3581: 3576: 3570: 3567: 3563: 3552: 3551: 3546: 3539: 3536: 3531: 3525: 3521: 3520: 3512: 3509: 3504: 3498: 3494: 3493: 3488: 3482: 3479: 3476:, March 2008. 3475: 3471: 3467: 3463: 3459: 3457: 3450: 3447: 3442: 3436: 3432: 3428: 3427: 3419: 3417: 3415: 3411: 3407: 3405: 3401: 3397: 3393: 3389: 3385: 3380: 3373: 3371: 3367: 3355: 3351: 3345: 3343: 3339: 3326: 3322: 3315: 3312: 3299: 3295: 3291: 3284: 3282: 3280: 3278: 3274: 3261: 3257: 3250: 3247: 3244: 3240: 3236: 3232: 3228: 3224: 3223:Robert W. Bly 3220: 3215: 3212: 3207: 3206: 3198: 3195: 3190: 3186: 3179: 3176: 3170: 3169: 3161: 3159: 3155: 3149: 3148: 3140: 3137: 3133: 3127: 3124: 3119: 3113: 3109: 3108: 3100: 3097: 3085: 3079: 3075: 3070: 3069: 3060: 3057: 3045: 3039: 3035: 3034: 3026: 3023: 3011: 3005: 3001: 3000: 2992: 2989: 2983: 2979: 2978: 2973: 2967: 2964: 2960: 2958: 2953: 2946: 2943: 2938: 2932: 2928: 2927: 2919: 2916: 2911: 2905: 2901: 2900: 2892: 2889: 2869: 2866: 2862: 2861:archive.today 2858: 2855: 2849: 2846: 2841: 2840: 2835: 2828: 2825: 2821: 2817: 2816: 2811: 2810:Scott, Robert 2807: 2803: 2794: 2791: 2783: 2777: 2774: 2762: 2761: 2756: 2754: 2746: 2743: 2736: 2728: 2727:word wrapping 2724: 2718: 2715: 2711: 2707: 2703: 2699: 2691: 2685: 2683: 2679: 2672: 2667: 2664: 2661: 2658: 2655: 2652: 2649: 2646: 2643: 2642:Double hyphen 2640: 2637: 2634: 2633: 2629: 2627: 2625: 2621: 2602: 2586: 2572: 2570: 2568:DOUBLE HYPHEN 2556: 2542: 2534:HYPHEN BULLET 2523: 2509: 2495: 2494: 2493: 2491: 2471: 2456: 2441: 2426: 2423: 2407: 2392: 2378: 2364: 2350: 2349: 2348: 2330: 2316: 2297: 2290: 2279: 2276: 2262: 2261: 2260: 2254: 2252: 2249: 2245: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2216: 2213: 2209: 2205: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2188: 2180: 2178: 2176: 2159: 2155: 2151: 2143: 2141: 2138: 2134: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2096:word boundary 2093: 2088: 2086: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2065: 2063: 2061: 2056: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2037: 2035: 2031: 2026: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2002: 1994: 1992: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1974: 1970: 1965: 1939: 1936:or multi-key 1935: 1931: 1926: 1923: 1910: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1839: 1831: 1825: 1817: 1809: 1806: 1798: 1795:November 2020 1788: 1784: 1778: 1777: 1772:This section 1770: 1766: 1761: 1760: 1754: 1747: 1744: 1741: 1738: 1737: 1735: 1732: 1727: 1723: 1722: 1720: 1716: 1711: 1707: 1706: 1704: 1700: 1695: 1692: 1691: 1689: 1686: 1685: 1684: 1678: 1676: 1673: 1671: 1670:reduplication 1666: 1664: 1660: 1655: 1653: 1648: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1626: 1624: 1622: 1616: 1610: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1571: 1566: 1564: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1541:tittle-tattle 1538: 1537:clever-clever 1534: 1530: 1522: 1520: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1505: 1503: 1499: 1493: 1489: 1481: 1479: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1456: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1441: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1430: 1424: 1419: 1417: 1415: 1414: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1381: 1376: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1359: 1352: 1347: 1345: 1342:35-millimetre 1337: 1329: 1325: 1324: 1319: 1318: 1313: 1309: 1308: 1303: 1302: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1278: 1271: 1264: 1255: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1174: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1152: 1150: 1149:The Economist 1145: 1140: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1125: 1120: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1103: 1099: 1092: 1085: 1078: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1054: 1050: 1042: 1037: 1035: 1033: 1032:Ah-gwah-ching 1029: 1028: 1023: 1020: 1014: 1012: 1008: 1002: 996: 990: 986: 982: 978: 970: 968: 966: 962: 958: 954: 950: 946: 942: 938: 934: 930: 929: 924: 920: 916: 911: 909: 908:protooncogene 905: 901: 897: 895: 889: 883: 877: 871: 865: 861: 855: 849: 845: 841: 838:form) versus 837: 833: 827: 823: 817: 813: 807: 806: 801: 796: 794: 790: 784: 778: 777: 772: 765: 758: 751: 744: 740: 736: 732: 727: 725: 724:rule of thumb 721: 717: 713: 709: 705: 701: 697: 691: 685: 679: 673: 669: 665: 661: 657: 653: 646: 644: 642: 640: 635: 634:double hyphen 631: 630: 625: 624: 619: 615: 612:handles with 611: 607: 603: 599: 595: 590: 588: 584: 580: 571: 564: 562: 561: 559: 552: 548: 543: 541: 539: 534: 530: 528: 524: 523:justification 520: 511: 506: 504: 502: 498: 494: 490: 486: 482: 477: 475: 474: 469: 468: 463: 462: 457: 453: 449: 445: 441: 437: 433: 432: 426: 421: 419: 410: 406: 395: 392: 384: 374: 370: 366: 360: 359: 354:This section 352: 343: 342: 337: 329: 327: 319: 318:double hyphen 314: 310: 306: 302: 291: 286: 284: 280: 275: 274:as a hyphen. 273: 270:, officially 269: 268: 263: 259: 251: 246: 239: 237: 235: 227: 222: 210: 198: 183: 181: 175: 171: 167: 163: 159: 155: 151: 147: 142: 137: 130: 123: 116: 112: 107: 105: 101: 97: 93: 89: 84: 69: 67:Hyphen-minus 66: 65: 61: 58: 57: 52: 45: 40: 37: 33: 19: 6037:Math symbols 5998:section mark 5658:vertical bar 5416:percent sign 5215:hyphen-minus 4960: 4781:Type foundry 4618:Metric units 4548:Punchcutting 4533:Movable type 4503:Font catalog 4463:Vertical bar 4440: 4200:Word spacing 4170:Figure space 4053:Text figures 3896:Even working 3835: 3778:19 September 3776:. Retrieved 3763: 3753:11 September 3751:. Retrieved 3727: 3717: 3708: 3701:. Retrieved 3686: 3679: 3668: 3667: 3663: 3651: 3632: 3626: 3618: 3611:. Retrieved 3607: 3597: 3585:. Retrieved 3578: 3569: 3561: 3554:. Retrieved 3548: 3538: 3518: 3511: 3491: 3481: 3455: 3449: 3425: 3403: 3399: 3395: 3391: 3387: 3383: 3382: 3378: 3357:. Retrieved 3353: 3329:. Retrieved 3325:the original 3314: 3302:. Retrieved 3298:the original 3293: 3264:. Retrieved 3259: 3249: 3226: 3214: 3204: 3197: 3189:Language Log 3188: 3178: 3167: 3150:, City slide 3146: 3139: 3126: 3106: 3099: 3087:. Retrieved 3076:, § 5. 3067: 3059: 3047:. Retrieved 3032: 3025: 3013:. Retrieved 2998: 2991: 2975: 2966: 2956: 2955: 2951: 2945: 2925: 2918: 2898: 2891: 2868: 2848: 2837: 2827: 2813: 2793: 2776: 2764:. 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