2237:
2074:
2275:, the number of hospitalizations grew to its peak in 1981 with 171 admissions per 1,000 Americans and 6,933 hospitals. This trend subsequently reversed, with the rate of hospitalization falling by more than 10% and the number of US hospitals shrinking from 6,933 in 1981 to 5,534 in 2016. Occupancy rates also dropped from 77% in 1980 to 60% in 2013. Among the reasons for this are the increasing availability of more complex care elsewhere such as at home or the physicians' offices and also the less therapeutic and more life-threatening image of the hospitals in the eyes of the public. In the US, a patient may sleep in a hospital bed, but be considered outpatient and "under observation" if not formally admitted.
2283:(CMS) introduced a "two-midnight" rule for inpatient admissions, intended to reduce an increasing number of long-term "observation" stays being used for reimbursement. This rule was later dropped in 2018. In 2016 and 2017, healthcare reform and a continued decline in admissions resulted in US hospital-based healthcare systems performing poorly financially. Microhospitals, with bed capacities of between eight and fifty, are expanding in the United States. Similarly, freestanding emergency rooms, which transfer patients that require inpatient care to hospitals, were popularised in the 1970s and have since expanded rapidly across the United States.
2584:
1731:
1670:
2519:
1894:
2553:
2539:
2500:
1505:
2484:
1914:
1205:
1481:
1238:
2222:
2618:
1493:
2603:
1650:
2341:, the National Health Service delivers health care to legal residents funded by the state "free at the point of delivery", and emergency care free to anyone regardless of nationality or status. Due to the need for hospitals to prioritise their limited resources, there is a tendency in countries with such systems for 'waiting lists' for non-crucial treatment, so those who can afford it may take out private health care to access treatment more quickly.
74:
4872:
818:
2168:
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860 medical practitioners he examined, 160 failed. From that time on, licensing examinations were required and administered in various places. Licensing boards were set up under a government official called
Muhtasib, or inspector general. The chief physician gave oral and practical examinations, and if the young physician was successful, the Muhtasib administered the Hippocratic Oath and issued a license to practice medicine.
47:
5978:
807:
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1882:
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1224:
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distance from a local community. Twenty-eight of
California's rural hospitals and 20 of its critical-access hospitals are district hospitals. They are formed by local municipalities, have boards that are individually elected by their local communities, and exist to serve local needs. They are a particularly important provider of healthcare to uninsured patients and patients with
1817:
4860:
3309:
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inner ring served as a place where the monastic community could care for the sick, the poor and the infirm. Monks were frequently familiar with the medicine available at that time, growing medicinal plants on the monastery grounds and applying remedies as indicated. As such, many of the practicing physicians of the Middle Ages were also clergy.
1770:. It typically treated the poor, as the rich would have been treated in their own homes. Hospitals in this era were the first to require medical licenses for doctors, and compensation for negligence could be made. Hospitals were forbidden by law to turn away patients who were unable to pay. These hospitals were financially supported by
2095:
2236:
3374:
Another lasting advancement made during this time period was that of physician licensure. In 931 AD Caliph Al-Muqtadir learned that a patient had died in
Baghdad as a result of a physician's error. Consequently, he ordered Sinan ibn Thabit to examine all those who practiced the art of healing. Of the
2477:
medical staff, but is considered to be more stressful for patients and detrimental to their privacy. A major constraint on providing all patients with their own rooms is however found in the higher cost of building and operating such a hospital; this causes some hospitals to charge for private rooms.
2464:
Some newer hospitals now try to re-establish design that takes the patient's psychological needs into account, such as providing more fresh air, better views and more pleasant colour schemes. These ideas harken back to the late eighteenth century, when the concept of providing fresh air and access to
2455:
However, many hospitals, even those considered "modern", are the product of continual and often badly managed growth over decades or even centuries, with utilitarian new sections added on as needs and finances dictate. As a result, Dutch architectural historian Cor
Wagenaar has called many hospitals:
2451:
Modern hospital buildings are designed to minimise the effort of medical personnel and the possibility of contamination while maximising the efficiency of the whole system. Travel time for personnel within the hospital and the transportation of patients between units is facilitated and minimised. The
1175:
to address a shortage of hospital beds in many local communities. Even today, district hospitals are the sole public hospitals in 19 of
California's counties, and are the sole locally accessible hospital within nine additional counties in which one or more other hospitals are present at a substantial
2113:
when she set an example of compassion, commitment to patient care and diligent and thoughtful hospital administration. The first official nurses' training programme, the
Nightingale School for Nurses, was opened in 1860, with the mission of training nurses to work in hospitals, to work with the poor
1450:
Many units have both a nursing and a medical director that serve as administrators for their respective disciplines within that unit. For example, within an intensive care nursery, a medical director is responsible for physicians and medical care, while the nursing manager is responsible for all the
2833:
innovation rooted in the monastic virtue and practise of hospitality. Arranged around the monastery were concentric rings of buildings in which the life and work of the monastic community was ordered. The outer ring of buildings served as a hostel in which travellers were received and boarded. The
2129:
By the late 19th century, the modern hospital was beginning to take shape with a proliferation of a variety of public and private hospital systems. By the 1870s, hospitals had more than trebled their original average intake of 3,000 patients. In continental Europe the new hospitals generally were
2476:
Another ongoing major development is the change from a ward-based system (where patients are accommodated in communal rooms, separated by movable partitions) to one in which they are accommodated in individual rooms. The ward-based system has been described as very efficient, especially for the
1317:
specialises in cardiac surgery and allows for a significantly greater number of patients. It has 3,000 beds and performs 3,000 paediatric cardiac operations annually, the largest number in the world for such a facility. Surgeons are paid on a fixed salary instead of per operation, thus when the
981:
that still focus on hospital ministry in the late 1990s, as well as several other
Christian denominations, including the Methodists and Lutherans, which run hospitals. In accordance with the original meaning of the word, hospitals were original "places of hospitality", and this meaning is still
2472:
is showing that good hospital design can reduce patient's recovery time. Exposure to daylight is effective in reducing depression. Single-sex accommodation help ensure that patients are treated in privacy and with dignity. Exposure to nature and hospital gardens is also important – looking out
1963:
and training of prospective practitioners. Some of the era's greatest surgeons and doctors worked and passed on their knowledge at the hospitals. They also changed from being mere homes of refuge to being complex institutions for the provision and advancement of medicine and care for sick. The
1642:
did exist stationed in military barracks and would serve the soldiers and slaves within the fort. Evidence exists that some civilian hospitals, while unavailable to the Roman population, were occasionally privately built in extremely wealthy Roman households located in the countryside for that
2473:
windows improves patients' moods and reduces blood pressure and stress level. Open windows in patient rooms have also demonstrated some evidence of beneficial outcomes by improving airflow and increased microbial diversity. Eliminating long corridors can reduce nurses' fatigue and stress.
2364:. Legislation requires hospitals to provide care to patients in life-threatening emergency situations regardless of the patient's ability to pay. Privately funded hospitals which admit uninsured patients in emergency situations incur direct financial losses, such as in the aftermath of
2052:
visited in 1785, and commented "I never saw anything of the kind so complete; every part is so convenient, and so admirably neat. But there is nothing superfluous, and nothing purely ornamented, either within or without." This revolutionary design was made more widely known by
2460:"... built catastrophes, anonymous institutional complexes run by vast bureaucracies, and totally unfit for the purpose they have been designed for ... They are hardly ever functional, and instead of making patients feel at home, they produce stress and anxiety."
2376:
As the quality of health care has increasingly become an issue around the world, hospitals have increasingly had to pay serious attention to this matter. Independent external assessment of quality is one of the most powerful ways to assess this aspect of health care, and
2434:
reported in 2011 that being admitted to a hospital was far riskier than flying. Globally, the chance of a patient being subject to a treatment error in a hospital was about 10%, and the chance of death resulting from an error was about one in 300. according to
1543:
started a COVID Oximetry@Home service in April 2020. This enables them to monitor more than 5000 patients a day in their own homes. The technology allows nurses, carers, or patients to record and monitor vital signs such as blood oxygen levels.
1140:
The best-known type of hospital is the general hospital, also known as an acute-care hospital. These facilities handle many kinds of disease and injury, and normally have an emergency department (sometimes known as "accident & emergency") or
2099:(1803) that set the standard for many textbooks. In the mid-19th century, hospitals and the medical profession became more professionalised, with a reorganisation of hospital management along more bureaucratic and administrative lines. The
2278:
In the U.S., inpatient stays are covered under
Medicare Part A, but a hospital might keep a patient under observation which is only covered under Medicare Part B, and subjects the patient to additional coinsurance costs. In 2013, the
1958:
These hospitals represented a turning point in the function of the institution; they began to evolve from being basic places of care for the sick to becoming centers of medical innovation and discovery and the principal place for the
1954:
Other hospitals sprang up in London and other
British cities over the century, many paid for by private subscriptions. St Bartholomew's in London was rebuilt from 1730 to 1759, and the London Hospital, Whitechapel, opened in 1752.
1726:
in modern-day Turkey. By the twelfth century, Constantinople had two well-organised hospitals, staffed by doctors who were both male and female. Facilities included systematic treatment procedures and specialised wards for various
2499:
1669:
2263:
Modern hospitals measure various efficiency metrics such as occupancy rates, the average length of stay, time to service, patient satisfaction, physician performance, patient readmission rate, inpatient mortality rate, and
1145:
to deal with immediate and urgent threats to health. Larger cities may have several hospitals of varying sizes and facilities. Some hospitals, especially in the United States and Canada, have their own ambulance service.
1504:
2443:. In the U.S., 1.7 million infections are acquired in hospital each year, leading to 100,000 deaths, figures much worse than in Europe where there were 4.5 million infections and 37,000 deaths.
2241:
2294:
in the world. It has around 18,000 clinics, 16,000 homes for the elderly and those with special needs, and 5,500 hospitals, with 65 percent of them located in developing countries. In 2010, the Church's
2134:, the principal provider of health care in the United Kingdom, was founded in 1948. During the nineteenth century, the Second Viennese Medical School emerged with the contributions of physicians such as
2296:
2483:
2240:
During peacetime, hospitals are often marked by symbols. A white 'H' on a blue background is often used in the United States. During military conflicts, a hospital may be marked with the emblem of the
4221:
2452:
building also should be built to accommodate heavy departments such as radiology and operating rooms while space for special wiring, plumbing, and waste disposal must be allowed for in the design.
1117:"). Hospitals are usually distinguished from other types of medical facilities by their ability to admit and care for inpatients whilst the others, which are smaller, are often described as
873:
to treat urgent health problems ranging from fire and accident victims to a sudden illness. A district hospital typically is the major health care facility in its region, with many beds for
654:
4369:
2021:
era charitable innovation was the dispensary; these would issue the poor with medicines free of charge. The London
Dispensary opened its doors in 1696 as the first such clinic in the
2712:"Although Philadelphia General Hospital (1732) and Bellevue Hospital in New York (1736) are older, the Philadelphia General was founded as an almshouse, and Bellevue as a workhouse."
6014:
2118:
standards and changing the image of the hospital from a place the sick would go to die, to an institution devoted to recuperation and healing. She also emphasised the importance of
2518:
2073:
2583:
1924:). Founded in 1751, it is the earliest established public hospital in the United States. It is also home to America's first surgical amphitheatre and its first medical library.
3557:
2150:. Basic medical science expanded and specialisation advanced. Furthermore, the first dermatology, eye, as well as ear, nose, and throat clinics in the world were founded in
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A Record of Buddhistic Kingdoms: Being an Account by the Chinese Monk Fâ-Hien of his Travels in India and Ceylon (AD 399–414) in Search of the Buddhist Books of Discipline
1241:
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in the 17th century established hospitals in large cities at government expense with records showing salaries and grants for medicine being paid for by the government.
848:
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1400:, as well as a range of medical specialty departments. A well-equipped hospital may be classified as a trauma center. They may also have other services such as a
1649:
5937:
4425:
3634:
3172:
Ziegler, Tiffany A., Tiffany A. Ziegler, and Troyanos. Medieval Healthcare and the Rise of Charitable Institutions. Springer International Publishing, 2018, 33.
4295:
3784:
Dispensaries, Their Management and Development: A Book for Administrators, Public Health Workers, and All Interested in Better Medical Service for the People
2014:
opened in 1784 as the world's largest hospital, physicians acquired a new facility that gradually developed into one of the most important research centers.
3734:"Books: The Dispensaries: Healthcare for the Poor Before the NHS: Britain's Forgotten Health-care System: Dispensaries: An Alternative to General Practice?"
5236:
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4403:
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3304:
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managed around 1200 patients at home between March and June 2020 and planned to continue the system after COVID-19, initially for respiratory patients.
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4193:
1921:
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2602:
2509:
919:
students. A health science facility smaller than a hospital is generally called a clinic. Hospitals have a range of departments (e.g. surgery and
5577:
2623:
3426:
4166:
3805:
2382:
1701:
1536:
1535:. Patients are managed at home, monitoring their own oxygen levels using an oxygen saturation probe if necessary and supported by telephone.
6000:
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5803:
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4751:
4734:
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is one means by which this is achieved. In many parts of the world such accreditation is sourced from other countries, a phenomenon known as
2065:, who had visited most of the hospitals in Europe. They were impressed and the "pavilion" design was copied in France and throughout Europe.
6623:
4116:
1839:, the church abruptly ceased to be the supporter of hospitals, and only by direct petition from the citizens of London, were the hospitals
1480:
1425:
841:
3693:
908:
compared to general hospitals. Hospitals are classified as general, specialty, or government depending on the sources of income received.
6259:
5486:
5478:
1697:
1021:
came to signify hospitality, that is the relation between guest and shelterer, hospitality, friendliness, and hospitable reception. By
5765:
1227:
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and auxiliary healthcare staff and medical equipment. The best-known type of hospital is the general hospital, which typically has an
6553:
5074:
3012:
2928:
2208:
1576:
1459:
1134:
673:
4065:
1800:, the state began to take on social welfare functions previously provided by Buddhist monasteries and instituted public hospitals,
1372:
services, but some may have a few inpatient beds and a limited range of services that may otherwise be found in typical hospitals.
3928:
6444:
5944:
4612:
4488:
2041:
1540:
677:
3279:
1851:(Bedlam) endowed directly by the crown; this was the first instance of secular support being provided for medical institutions.
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6204:
5964:
5932:
4897:
4348:
2291:
1898:
834:
708:
280:
265:
6294:
4399:
2892:
350:
5673:
2026:
2000:
1832:
4673:
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and sterile techniques that could make surgery less risky, and the availability of more advanced diagnostic devices such as
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1730:
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5482:
5358:
5241:
1268:
1208:
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51:
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companies, or charities, including direct charitable donations. Historically, hospitals were often founded and funded by
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2427:
linked to pre-packaged sandwiches and salads in 2019, saying "Nutrition and hydration is part of a patient's recovery."
2135:
1996:
1840:
728:
664:
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528:
55:
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6608:
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made it compulsory for medical students to practise for at least half a year at a hospital as part of their training.
2058:
1113:") without staying overnight; while others are "admitted" and stay overnight or for several days or weeks or months ("
788:
3638:
2096:
Medical Ethics; or, a Code of Institutes and Precepts, Adapted to the Professional Conduct of Physicians and Surgeons
1322:
and reduce its cost per procedure. Each specialist may also become more efficient by working on one procedure like a
1893:
5470:
5292:
5154:
4890:
4850:
4296:"Catholic hospitals comprise one quarter of world's healthcare, council reports :: Catholic News Agency (CNA)"
3196:
3192:
2398:
2225:
2143:
1875:
1827:
In Europe the medieval concept of Christian care evolved during the 16th and 17th centuries into a secular one. In
1455:
1196:, and pregnant women). In 2012, district hospitals provided $ 54 million in uncompensated care in California.
947:
4318:
4001:
2568:
1714:
in AD 325 construction of a hospital in every cathedral town was begun, including among the earliest hospitals by
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285:
31:
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2147:
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1280:
1171:
In California, "district hospital" refers specifically to a class of healthcare facility created shortly after
768:
753:
659:
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1160:
A district hospital typically is the major health care facility in its region, with large numbers of beds for
4635:
3037:
2025:. The idea was slow to catch on until the 1770s, when many such organisations began to appear, including the
1758:
alone had 50 major hospitals, many exclusively for the military, by the end of the 15th century. The Islamic
6538:
6284:
6063:
5853:
5348:
5221:
2627:
2529:
2506:
2439:. 7% of hospitalised patients in developed countries, and 10% in developing countries, acquire at least one
2420:
2131:
2011:
1844:
1711:
1615:
1256:
885:
810:
693:
639:
634:
619:
365:
335:
122:
3483:"Reacting to Epidemics: The Innovative Imperial Public Health System during the Late Northern Song Dynasty"
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1204:
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2386:
2378:
1969:
1859:
1848:
1715:
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1295:
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1212:
1165:
983:
969:. In the past, however, this work was usually performed by the members of founding religious orders or by
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698:
669:
586:
581:
132:
1932:
movement began in the early 18th century, with hospitals being founded in London by the 1720s, including
6304:
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the 'healing powers of nature' were first employed by hospital architects in improving their buildings.
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2100:
1988:
1917:
1909:, recognized by UNESCO for being the oldest hospital built in the Americas. Built between 1514 and 1541.
1855:
1607:
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During the Middle Ages, hospitals served different functions from modern institutions in that they were
683:
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330:
227:
4040:
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1755:
1710:
as an accepted religion in the Roman Empire drove an expansion of the provision of care. Following the
1913:
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5343:
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Reinarz, Jonathan (2007). "Corpus Curricula: Medical Education and the Voluntary Hospital Movement".
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Modern hospitals derive funding from a variety of sources. They may be funded by private payment and
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2082:
2018:
1933:
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897:
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571:
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325:
242:
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6339:
6244:
6199:
5857:
5267:
5262:
5257:
4997:
4370:"Battling the Chargemaster: A Simple Remedy to Balance Billing for Unavoidable Out-of-Network Care"
4222:"When the tiny hospital can't survive: Free-standing EDs with primary care seen as new rural model"
4141:
2651:
2559:
2331:
2221:
2030:
1397:
1237:
978:
951:
413:
270:
2423:. In 2020, they turned their attention to hospital food standards after seven patient deaths from
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6449:
6419:
6359:
6219:
6078:
5843:
5618:
5582:
5338:
5287:
5164:
5149:
5128:
5109:
4957:
4931:
4876:
4696:
Gorsky, Martin. "The British National Health Service 1948–2008: A Review of the Historiography",
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and to teach. Nightingale was instrumental in reforming the nature of the hospital, by improving
1929:
1906:
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1863:
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and are distinguished from multispecialty hospitals which are composed of several specialties.
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5027:
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3365:
3347:
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2048:, was a pioneer of hospital design in having "pavilions" to minimize the spread of infection.
1980:
1960:
1944:
1886:
1805:
1723:
1528:
1463:
1417:
1401:
1393:
1341:
1335:
1306:
1283:, certain disease categories such as cardiac, oncology, or orthopedic problems, and so forth.
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916:
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905:
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functioned as centers of medical advice, prognosis, and healing. The Asclepeia spread to the
290:
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6512:
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3875:
The Greatest Benefit to Mankind: A Medical History of Humanity from Antiquity to the Present
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1976:
1940:
1471:
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3527:
Greenwich: an architectural history of the Royal Hospital for Seamen and the Queen's House
2287:
2090:
1786:
1778:
1747:
1735:
1638:. While public healthcare was non-existent in the Roman Empire, military hospitals called
1514:
1443:. This department is responsible for the administration of professional nursing practice,
1323:
1310:
1185:
1082:
866:
644:
538:
533:
498:
458:
418:
320:
142:
4368:
Richmond, Barak D.; Kitzman, Nick; Milstein, Arnold; Schulman, Kevin A. (28 April 2017).
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1077:, which letter was eventually removed from the word, the loss of which is signified by a
17:
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4681:
The Evolution of the Grand Tour: Anglo-Italian Cultural Relations since the Renaissance
4468:
4167:"How U.S. Hospitals and Health Systems Can Reverse Their Sliding Financial Performance"
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treatment and other disease-specific categories. Specialized hospitals can help reduce
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360:
355:
310:
237:
202:
187:
65:
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Crawford, D.S. Bibliography of Histories of Canadian hospitals and schools of nursing.
4496:
4041:"As admissions have slumped and outpatient care booms, hospitals closing or shrinking"
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5333:
5180:
5103:
5032:
4268:
3562:
3412:
3313:
2676:
2402:
2345:
2272:
2190:
2057:, the philanthropist. In 1787 the French government sent two scholar administrators,
1984:
1902:
1510:
1142:
1015:, signifying a stranger or foreigner, hence a guest. Another noun derived from this,
881:
596:
370:
3456:
Ikram, Sheikh Mohamad (1964). "Economic and Social Developments under the Mughals".
2078:
1675:
Ruins of a two thousand-year-old hospital were discovered in the historical city of
1602:, the ancient chronicle of Sinhalese royalty, written in the sixth century AD, King
1251:
A specialty hospital is primarily and exclusively dedicated to one or a few related
6613:
6492:
6459:
6434:
6369:
6309:
6269:
6158:
6138:
6123:
5900:
5833:
5828:
5734:
5709:
5664:
5328:
5144:
5007:
4952:
2896:
2830:
2829:, the institution of a hospital dedicated to the care of the sick was a distinctly
2357:
2034:
1992:
1937:
1797:
1763:
1707:
1676:
1635:
1381:
1189:
1172:
970:
743:
566:
518:
508:
443:
390:
345:
197:
192:
1881:
965:
Hospitals are currently staffed by professional physicians, surgeons, nurses, and
4247:
Agnew, John (12 February 2010). "Deus Vult: The Geopolitics of Catholic Church".
4066:"Estimating Health Care-Associated Infections and Deaths in U.S. Hospitals, 2002"
3499:
3482:
1356:. It may be linked to a medical school or nursing school, and may be involved in
6409:
6384:
6254:
6229:
6168:
6031:
5526:
5086:
3669:
2641:
2307:
2110:
2054:
2049:
1611:
1193:
1110:
1045:
920:
478:
453:
315:
275:
89:
3343:
1223:
6628:
6583:
6439:
6429:
6299:
6234:
6183:
6098:
5744:
5704:
5059:
5053:
5002:
4665:
Brockliss, Lawrence, and Colin Jones. "The Hospital in the Enlightenment", in
4260:
3960:
3870:
3838:
3062:
2693:
2253:
2119:
2115:
1965:
1948:
1836:
1759:
1631:
1369:
1272:
1114:
1078:
1064:
995:
928:
924:
901:
763:
703:
513:
503:
375:
305:
162:
4677:'Philanthropy in Italy': English Observations on Italian Hospitals 1545–1789"
4531:
4349:
Hospitals in New Orleans see surge in uninsured patients but not public funds
3404:
3351:
3214:
3181:(Guenter Risse, Mending Bodies, Saving Souls: A History of Hospitals, 47–48).
2767:
986:, established in 1681 as a retirement and nursing home for veteran soldiers.
6414:
6053:
5739:
5623:
5048:
4354:
3389:"From Jami'ah to University: Multiculturalism and Christian–Muslim Dialogue"
1867:
1816:
1679:
1627:
1598:
1421:
1409:
1405:
1385:
1314:
1264:
940:
936:
893:
793:
488:
107:
4882:
4579:
3767:
3369:
2816:
915:
combines assistance to people with teaching to health science students and
3856:
3749:
1318:
number of procedures increases, the hospital is able to take advantage of
6543:
6474:
6379:
5613:
5603:
5022:
4554:"Open hospital windows to stem spread of infections, says microbiologist"
2424:
2349:
2045:
1889:
in London, one of the first voluntary hospitals to be established in 1724
1790:
1751:
1619:
1216:
1181:
1177:
1022:
1003:
974:
865:
is a healthcare institution providing patient treatment with specialized
629:
548:
448:
395:
217:
5992:
3063:"The "virtual wards" supporting patients with covid-19 in the community"
2512:
in the UK, showing the utilitarian architecture of many modern hospitals
2299:
said that the Church manages 26% of the world's health care facilities.
2252:
By the late 19th and early 20th centuries, medical advancements such as
2122:
for determining the success rate of a given intervention and pushed for
1999:, now Weill Cornell Medical Center in New York City opened in 1771, and
1606:(r. 437–367 BC) had lying-in-homes and hospitals (Sivikasotthi-Sala). A
1517:
intervention, showing the highly technical equipment of modern hospitals
1025:, the Latin word then came to mean a guest-chamber, guest's lodging, an
6319:
6043:
5823:
5719:
5608:
5080:
5017:
4781:
American Catholic Hospitals: A Century of Changing Markets and Missions
2656:
2593:
2416:
2029:(1776), the Metropolitan Dispensary and Charitable Fund (1779) and the
1828:
1801:
1743:
1742:
The earliest general hospital in the Islamic world was built in 805 in
1586:
1353:
1287:
1118:
1051:
380:
97:
4705:
From Western Medicine to Global Medicine: The Hospital Beyond the West
2990:
2260:, continued to make hospitals a more attractive option for treatment.
931:
and some have chronic treatment units. Common support units include a
6153:
6048:
5654:
4833:
3539:
3328:"Jundi-Shapur, bimaristans, and the rise of academic medical centres"
3128:
Arjuna Aluvihare, "Rohal Kramaya Lovata Dhayadha Kale Sri Lankikayo"
2826:
2412:
2390:
2360:; however, these prices may be lower for health care obtained within
2315:
2151:
2004:
1821:
999:
438:
222:
102:
37:"General hospital" redirects here. For the US daytime TV series, see
4804:
4774:
Hospitals and Institutional Care in Medieval and Early Modern Europe
4473:
Medicine by Design: The Architect and the Modern Hospital, 1893–1943
2821:
Although physicians were available in varying capacities in ancient
2733:
1129:"General hospital" redirects here. For the American soap opera, see
973:. However, there are various Catholic religious orders, such as the
4811:"Global and Multilanguage Database of public and private hospitals"
4686:
Connor, J.T.H. "Hospital History in Canada and the United States",
3662:
Brain, Mind and Medicine: Essays in Eighteenth-Century Neuroscience
1987:
opened in 1736, first as a workhouse and then later as a hospital;
1344:
delivers healthcare to patients as well as training to prospective
6093:
6058:
3607:"NPGallery Digital Asset Management System: Pennsylvania Hospital"
3388:
2306:
2257:
2235:
2220:
2072:
1912:
1892:
1880:
1815:
1729:
1582:
1245:
1236:
1222:
1203:
733:
157:
112:
45:
4426:"CQC to inspect hospitals on food standards after patient deaths"
3933:. Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations.
3803:
http://www.histansoc.org.uk/uploads/9/5/5/2/9552670/volume_19.pdf
3312:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
6148:
6113:
6108:
4816:
4002:"Hospital Industry's 10 Most Critical Metrics – Guiding Metrics"
2822:
1771:
1271:, and hospitals for dealing with specific medical needs such as
247:
207:
177:
167:
5996:
5499:
4886:
4826:"Directory and Ranking of more than 17.000 Hospitals worldwide"
2348:, hospitals typically operate privately and in some cases on a
2297:
Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Health Care Workers
1531:
stimulated the development of virtual wards across the British
1298:(thoracic surgery). In India, specialty hospitals are known as
1068:
6314:
6068:
5495:
4800:
3581:
America's First Hospital: The Pennsylvania Hospital, 1751–1841
2161:
1750:. By the 10th century, Baghdad had five more hospitals, while
1660:
1596:, recorded examples of healing institutions. According to the
1532:
1026:
773:
127:
4712:
Hospitals and Healing From Antiquity to the Later Middle Ages
4109:"Two-Midnight and Observation Rule – Chicago Medical Society"
3823:"The Development of Medical Ethics – A Sociological Analysis"
3540:"Colonial City of Santo Domingo. Outstanding Universal Value"
3146:
The Gundeshapur School: Its History, Structure, and Functions
2493:
shows the growing trend for modern architecture in hospitals.
2177:
deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a
2093:(1740–1804) wrote a comprehensive system of medical conduct,
1643:
family, although this practice seems to have ended in 80 AD.
896:
hospitals, and hospitals for specific medical needs, such as
4767:
The Care of Strangers: The Rise of America's Hospital System
4669:(Oxford UP, 1997), pp. 671–729; covers France 1650–1800
4636:"Health administrators go shopping for new hospital designs"
2356:. The list of procedures and their prices are billed with a
4283:
Earthly Mission - The Catholic Church and World Development
2873:, revised by J. Marchant & J. Charles, 260th. thousand.
1866:, an instance of the use of the word "hospital" to mean an
1360:. Students may also observe clinical work in the hospital.
1738:
in Cairo, Egypt, which housed the notable Mansuri hospital
1006:, or hospital schools. The word "hospital" comes from the
877:
and additional beds for patients who need long-term care.
2154:, being considered as the birth of specialised medicine.
27:
Health care facility with specialized staff and equipment
3877:. New York: W.W. Norton & Company. pp. 316–17.
2791:"Altar and Table: A phenomenology of the surgeon-priest"
2033:(1780). Dispensaries were also opened in New York 1771,
1947:(1724) funded from the bequest of the wealthy merchant,
982:
preserved in the names of some institutions such as the
2186:
58:, Spain, with entrance and parking area for ambulances.
4400:"Emergency Medical Treatment & Labor Act (EMTALA)"
4142:"CMS drops two-midnight rule's inpatient payment cuts"
3930:
Florence Nightingale: Measuring Hospital Care Outcomes
2109:
pioneered the modern profession of nursing during the
4848:
3161:
Mending bodies, saving souls: a history of hospitals.
1589:, a Chinese Buddhist monk who travelled across India
1416:. Some hospitals have outpatient departments such as
4760:
Mending Bodies, Saving Souls: A History of Hospitals
4194:"5 common questions about micro-hospitals, answered"
3142:
The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 22:2
2895:. District Hospital Leadership Forum. Archived from
2085:
worked and helped to restructure the modern hospital
1063:. The latter modern word derives from Latin via the
6531:
6483:
6328:
6192:
6030:
5926:
5842:
5789:
5753:
5697:
5642:
5596:
5367:
5301:
5250:
5209:
5173:
5137:
5096:
5041:
4938:
4448:"Going into hospital far riskier than flying: WHO"
3899:
3781:Michael Marks Davis; Andrew Robert Warner (1918).
3578:
2989:. fastcompany.com. 7 February 2012. Archived from
1242:All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
4700:, December 2008, Vol. 21 Issue 3, pp. 437–60
3984:"Opinion | Are Hospitals Becoming Obsolete?"
3427:"Islamic Culture and the Medical Arts: Hospitals"
1762:served as a center of medical treatment, as well
1380:A hospital contains one or more wards that house
4605:"The psychological and social needs of patients"
4027:"Fast Facts on U.S. Hospitals, 2018 | AHA"
3301:Islamic Culture and the Medical Arts: Hospitals
3093:"Modern technology reduces hospital admissions"
2458:
1862:as a retirement home for old soldiers known as
1663:, the best preserved instance of an Asklepieion
3977:
3975:
3973:
3193:"Christianity: Curing and caring for the sick"
1043:was dropped for convenience of pronunciation)
6008:
5511:
4898:
4727:Encyclopedia of the History of Arabic Science
3965:The Vienna Medical School of the 19th Century
3635:"Painted window in St Bartholomew's Hospital"
3274:
3272:
3095:. Building Better Healthcare. 2 December 2020
2981:
2979:
2175:The examples and perspective in this section
1474:, dining services, and security departments.
1388:. It may also have acute services such as an
842:
8:
4520:"Better Healing from Better Hospital Design"
4404:Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
3516:(Norwich: Jarrold Publishing, 2002), pp. 3–4
2766:. bbcnews.com. 1 August 2010. Archived from
1309:compared to general hospitals. For example,
1092:
1086:
962:, or by charitable individuals and leaders.
4343:
4341:
1754:had six hospitals by the 15th century, and
1030:
1016:
1010:
6015:
6001:
5993:
5518:
5504:
5496:
4905:
4891:
4883:
4428:. Health Service Journal. 17 November 2020
4074:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
3460:. Columbia University Press. p. 223.
3305:United States National Library of Medicine
3280:"The Islamic Roots of the Modern Hospital"
2931:. Payers &–° Providers. Archived from
2922:
2920:
2918:
2916:
2914:
2887:
2885:
2883:
2881:
2879:
2764:"India's 'production line' heart hospital"
2290:is the largest non-government provider of
2193:, or create a new section, as appropriate.
1184:program, serving low-income persons, some
849:
835:
61:
3846:
3757:
3694:"General Acute Care Hospital in New York"
3558:"Ruinas del Hospital San Nicolás de BarĂ"
3498:
3359:
2806:
2281:Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services
2209:Learn how and when to remove this message
1109:, treatment, or therapy and then leave ("
4746:, with Lindsay Patricia Granshaw (1989)
4667:The Medical World of Early Modern France
4298:. Catholic News Agency. 10 February 2010
3982:Emanuel, Ezekiel J. (25 February 2018).
3332:Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine
3191:Jan Pelikan, Jaroslav (13 August 2022).
1972:as a response to an outbreak of plague.
1922:University of Pennsylvania Health System
1105:Some patients go to a hospital just for
4855:
4725:Morelon, RĂ©gis; Rashed, Roshdi (1996),
4690:, 1990, Vol. 7 Issue 1, pp. 93–104
4319:"Surgery worries create insurance boom"
2929:"District Hospitals' Important Mission"
2848:A Portrait of Norwegian Americans Today
2725:
2705:
2609:All India Institute of Medical Sciences
2510:Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital
2479:
1645:
1476:
1035:is thus the root for the English words
617:
564:
411:
263:
95:
64:
4646:from the original on 26 December 2008.
4634:Rosenberg, Julian (15 November 2004).
4483:
4481:
3967:(Johns Hopkins University Press, 1976)
3529:(Yale University Press, 2001), pp. 4–7
2758:
2756:
2754:
2383:international healthcare accreditation
2242:red cross, red crescent or red crystal
1968:was founded in Berlin in 1710 by King
1702:Medicine in the medieval Islamic world
1626:, temples dedicated to the healer-god
1537:West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust
1305:Specialised hospitals can help reduce
5863:Artificial intelligence in healthcare
4580:"Closed windows 'increase infection'"
4216:
4214:
4136:
4134:
4119:from the original on 25 November 2018
4103:
4101:
4099:
3927:Nightingale, Florence (August 1999).
3902:Fundamentals of Mental Health Nursing
2850:. U of Minnesota Press. p. 192.
2130:built and run from public funds. The
1812:Early modern and Enlightenment Europe
7:
4688:Canadian Bulletin of Medical History
4374:The American Journal of Managed Care
4317:Johnston, Martin (21 January 2008).
3906:. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Company.
3611:National Register of Historic Places
3544:UNESCO World Heritage Centre website
3118:. Dev Publishers & Distributors.
2795:Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine
1876:Royal Hospital for Seamen, Greenwich
1781:existed at least since the reign of
1608:hospital and medical training center
6260:Maintenance, repair, and operations
4518:Yamaguchi, Yuhgo (5 October 2015).
3256:A Short History of the Arab Peoples
1975:Voluntary hospitals also spread to
1698:Medieval medicine of Western Europe
1614:, a major city in southwest of the
1290:, specialised hospitals are called
5938:reform debate in the United States
4783:(Rutgers University Press, 2011).
4683:, 2nd ed. London, Routledge, 2000.
4495:. July–August 2006. Archived from
4285:; TJ International Ltd; 2013; p.40
3525:J. Bold, P. Guillery, D. Kendall,
2624:Lehigh Valley Hospital–Cedar Crest
1486:Hospital beds per 1000 people 2013
1228:McMaster University Medical Centre
946:Hospitals are typically funded by
25:
6564:Controlled-access highway systems
5965:(Category Health care by country)
4805:https://www.who.int/hospitals/en/
3801:Surgeon Vice Admiral A Revell in
2545:Hinduja National Hospital, Mumbai
2419:, hospitals are monitored by the
1577:Medical community of ancient Rome
1460:release of information department
1135:General hospital (disambiguation)
6624:San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge
6445:Sustainable urban infrastructure
5977:
5976:
4870:
4858:
4611:. 7 January 2011. Archived from
4552:Sample, Ian (20 February 2012).
3577:Williams, William Henry (1976).
3307:
3038:"Hospital beds per 1,000 people"
2987:"Narayana Hrudayalaya Hospitals"
2616:
2601:
2582:
2567:
2551:
2537:
2517:
2498:
2482:
2441:health care-associated infection
2166:
2042:Royal Naval Hospital, Stonehouse
1668:
1648:
1541:Mersey Care NHS Foundation Trust
1503:
1491:
1479:
816:
806:
805:
72:
6579:Hong Kong International Airport
6205:Infrastructure asset management
4719:Encyclopedia of Medical History
4578:Bowdler, Neil (26 April 2013).
3720:Encyclopedia of Medical History
1820:A hospital ward in 6th century
1447:, and policy for the hospital.
1368:Clinics generally provide only
1269:long-term acute care facilities
1244:, a large teaching hospital in
923:) and specialist units such as
779:Spanish autovias and autopistas
5674:Academic health science centre
2789:Hall, Daniel (December 2008).
2027:Public Dispensary of Edinburgh
2001:Massachusetts General Hospital
1833:dissolution of the monasteries
880:Specialized hospitals include
1:
5911:Health information management
5896:health information technology
5634:Health information management
4198:www.beckershospitalreview.com
3013:"What's a Teaching Hospital?"
1590:
1498:Hospital beds per inhabitants
789:Power transmission in the USA
640:Brazilian energy independence
301:European green infrastructure
52:Bellvitge University Hospital
6594:Kansai International Airport
6455:Transit-oriented development
5886:Translational bioinformatics
4772:Scheutz, Martin et al. eds.
3500:10.1097/MC9.0000000000000041
3487:Chinese Medicine and Culture
3458:Muslim Civilization in India
2136:Carl Freiherr von Rokitansky
1899:Hospital San Nicolás de Bari
1454:Support units may include a
529:Transit-oriented development
6569:Electric power transmission
5916:Consumer health informatics
5237:Veterans medical facilities
4978:Hospital information system
4703:Harrison, Mar, et al. eds.
4640:National Review of Medicine
4609:British Medical Association
3670:10.1007/978-0-387-70967-3_4
3387:Alatas, Syed Farid (2006).
3217:(2009) Accessed April 2011.
2955:"Specialty Hospital Update"
2672:Hospital information system
2590:Tampere University Hospital
2470:British Medical Association
2189:, discuss the issue on the
1431:A hospital may also have a
1073:, which developed a silent
967:allied health practitioners
689:British offshore wind-power
6686:
6649:Transcontinental railroads
6295:Public–private partnership
5155:Tertiary referral hospital
4830:hospitals.webometrics.info
4729:, vol. 3, Routledge,
4698:Social History of Medicine
3514:The Royal Hospital Chelsea
3481:Goldschmidt, Asaf (2023).
3344:10.1177/014107680609901208
3130:Vidhusara Science Magazine
2871:Cassell's Latin Dictionary
2489:The medical center at the
2399:Trent Accreditation Scheme
2226:Cabell Huntington Hospital
2144:Ferdinand Ritter von Hebra
2077:A ward of the hospital at
1774:, as well as state funds.
1691:
1562:
1551:
1456:medical records department
1333:
1209:Starship Children's Health
1153:
1128:
351:Public–private partnership
36:
29:
6554:Bus rapid transit systems
5972:
5906:Public health informatics
5819:Electronic health records
5689:Supervised injection site
5629:Allied health professions
5533:
5463:
5210:Limited class of patients
4921:
4358:, Wednesday 26 April 2006
4261:10.1080/14650040903420388
3839:10.1017/s002572730001992x
3722:(Macmillan 1985), p. 139.
3326:Miller, Andrew C (2006).
3073:(369): m2119. 5 June 2020
2738:World Health Organization
2526:Fawcett Memorial Hospital
2432:World Health Organization
2312:Clinical Hospital Dubrava
2230:Huntington, West Virginia
1878:, with the same purpose.
1785:in the 14th century. The
1724:Basil, bishop of Caesarea
1604:Pandukabhaya of Sri Lanka
1565:Ancient Egyptian medicine
1470:, facilities management,
1451:nurses and nursing care.
1300:super-specialty hospitals
1230:, a teaching hospital in
784:Transcontinental Railroad
665:Curtiba rapid bus transit
56:L'Hospitalet de Llobregat
32:Hospital (disambiguation)
3821:Waddington Ivan (1975).
3405:10.1177/0011392106058837
3144:Mehmet Mahfuz Söylemez,
3017:www.brennerchildrens.org
2148:Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis
1573:Medicine in ancient Rome
1257:rehabilitation hospitals
950:, health organizations (
886:rehabilitation hospitals
754:San Francisco Bay Bridge
18:Super specialty hospital
6064:Critical infrastructure
5854:Medical image computing
5804:Artificial intelligence
5465:Lists of hospitals in:
5349:Rehabilitation hospital
5222:Combat support hospital
5097:Geographic service area
5083:lying in houses (India)
4973:Hospital administrators
4769:(1995); history to 1920
4744:The Hospital in History
4672:Chaney, Edward (2000),
4524:Harvard Business Review
4450:. Reuters. 21 July 2011
4171:Harvard Business Review
3808:6 November 2020 at the
3197:Encyclopædia Britannica
2628:Allentown, Pennsylvania
2562:(ICU) within a hospital
2530:Port Charlotte, Florida
2507:National Health Service
2421:Care Quality Commission
2408:Haute Autorité de santé
2244:in accordance with the
2158:20th century and beyond
2132:National Health Service
2120:statistical measurement
2037:1786, and Boston 1796.
2012:Vienna General Hospital
1936:(1719) promoted by the
1712:First Council of Nicaea
1616:Sassanid Persian Empire
1426:rehabilitation services
1180:(which is California's
1069:
769:Spanish high-speed rail
709:Hong Kong Int'l Airport
694:Nuclear power in France
660:China's high-speed rail
635:Bicycle parking station
123:Critical infrastructure
6508:Mechanical engineering
6503:Electrical engineering
6210:Build–operate–transfer
6074:Electricity generation
5891:Translational medicine
5174:Unique physical traits
5138:Complexity of services
4765:Rosenberg, Charles E.
4762:(1999); world coverage
4324:The New Zealand Herald
3787:. MacMillan. pp.
2491:University of Virginia
2462:
2379:hospital accreditation
2319:
2249:
2233:
2086:
1970:Frederick I of Prussia
1925:
1910:
1890:
1860:Royal Hospital Chelsea
1849:St Mary of Bethlehem's
1824:
1739:
1569:Ancient Greek medicine
1296:Fachkrankenhaus Coswig
1248:
1234:
1220:
1168:, and long-term care.
1133:. For other uses, see
1125:General and acute care
1097:shares similar roots.
1093:
1087:
1031:
1017:
1011:
984:Royal Hospital Chelsea
929:outpatient departments
927:. Some hospitals have
823:Engineering portal
699:Solar power in Germany
670:Cycling infrastructure
587:Mechanical engineering
281:Build–operate–transfer
59:
6644:Trans-Alaska pipeline
6250:Life-cycle assessment
6225:Engineering contracts
6104:Municipal solid waste
6024:Public infrastructure
5880:Computational biology
5781:Universal precautions
3750:10.3399/bjgp17X689281
3615:National Park Service
3251:Glubb, Sir John Bagot
3210:Catholic Encyclopedia
3114:Legge, James (1965).
2962:National Public Radio
2310:
2239:
2224:
2124:administrative reform
2101:Apothecaries Act 1815
2076:
1989:Pennsylvania Hospital
1918:Pennsylvania Hospital
1916:
1896:
1884:
1819:
1796:In China, during the
1733:
1618:founded in AD 271 by
1437:chief nursing officer
1433:department of nursing
1346:medical professionals
1240:
1226:
1207:
898:psychiatric hospitals
625:Trans-Alaska pipeline
381:Replacement (upgrade)
331:Life-cycle assessment
311:Engineering contracts
49:
6539:Akashi KaikyĹŤ Bridge
6405:Mobile data terminal
6179:Water supply network
6174:Wastewater treatment
5874:Behavior informatics
5359:Verterinary hospital
5344:Psychiatric hospital
5196:Underground hospital
4963:Emergency department
4924:History of hospitals
4717:McGrew, Roderick E.
4660:History of hospitals
4642:. Volume 1, no. 21.
3718:Roderick E. McGrew,
2846:Lovoll, Odd (1998).
2647:History of hospitals
2387:Accreditation Canada
2385:, by groups such as
2332:charitable donations
2187:improve this section
2107:Florence Nightingale
2083:Florence Nightingale
1934:Westminster Hospital
1554:History of hospitals
1468:clinical engineering
1414:medical laboratories
1390:emergency department
1376:Departments or wards
1277:psychiatric hospital
1261:children's hospitals
917:auxiliary healthcare
890:children's hospitals
871:emergency department
729:Kansai Int'l Airport
620:Akashi KaikyĹŤ Bridge
572:Chemical engineering
474:Mobile data terminal
326:Green infrastructure
30:For other uses, see
6609:Offshore wind farms
6420:Renewable resources
6340:Air traffic control
6245:Infrastructure bond
5858:imaging informatics
5766:Cultural competence
5368:Century established
5314:Children's hospital
5268:Non-profit hospital
5263:For-profit hospital
5258:Charitable hospital
5071:HĂ´tel-Dieu (France)
4998:Intensive care unit
4815:hospitalsworldguide
4779:Wall, Barbra Mann.
4710:Horden, Peregrine.
4489:"Healing by design"
4281:Calderisi, Robert.
3898:Kathy Neeb (2006).
3732:Freeman GK (2017).
3700:on 16 February 2023
3585:. Haverford House.
3237:Husain F. Nagamia,
2652:History of medicine
2560:intensive care unit
2524:Hospital chapel at
2362:healthcare networks
2292:health careservices
2031:Finsbury Dispensary
1870:. Ten years later,
1706:The declaration of
1441:director of nursing
1398:intensive care unit
1313:'s cardiac unit in
1255:. Subtypes include
1253:medical specialties
1213:children's hospital
979:Bon Secours Sisters
719:Interstate highways
549:Wireless technology
414:Air traffic control
6450:Traffic congestion
6360:Congestion pricing
6164:Telecommunications
6079:Energy development
5844:Health informatics
5619:Healthcare science
5339:Maternity hospital
5288:Voluntary hospital
5165:Specialty hospital
5150:Secondary hospital
5129:Municipal hospital
5110:Community hospital
4958:Coronary care unit
4932:Category:Hospitals
4499:on 17 October 2007
4228:. 7 September 2011
4084:on 15 October 2011
4006:guidingmetrics.com
3988:The New York Times
3664:. pp. 43–52.
3641:on 17 October 2021
3437:on 21 January 2024
3227:Byzantine medicine
2993:on 13 October 2013
2667:Lists of hospitals
2575:Uniklinikum Aachen
2372:Quality and safety
2328:public expenditure
2320:
2250:
2246:Geneva Conventions
2234:
2089:English physician
2087:
1930:voluntary hospital
1926:
1911:
1907:Dominican Republic
1891:
1885:1820 engraving of
1864:Chelsea Pensioners
1825:
1783:Firuz Shah Tughlaq
1740:
1694:Byzantine medicine
1320:economies of scale
1249:
1235:
1221:
1091:. The German word
739:Offshore wind port
655:Chicago wastewater
524:Traffic congestion
434:Congestion pricing
173:Pipeline transport
153:Irrigation schemes
118:Coastal management
60:
6657:
6656:
6574:High-speed trains
6498:Civil engineering
6400:Land-use planning
6350:Bus rapid transit
5990:
5989:
5754:Skills / training
5678:Teaching hospital
5493:
5492:
5302:Condition treated
5217:Military hospital
5160:Teaching hospital
5124:District hospital
5120:Regional hospital
5013:Operating theater
4983:Hospital medicine
4789:978-0-8135-4940-8
4757:Risse, Guenter B.
4752:978-0-415-00375-9
4736:978-0-415-12410-2
4226:Modern Healthcare
4146:Modern Healthcare
4045:Modern Healthcare
3940:978-0-86688-559-1
3913:978-0-8036-2034-6
3884:978-0-393-31980-4
3679:978-0-387-70966-6
3592:978-0-910702-02-7
3467:978-0-231-02580-5
3393:Current Sociology
3282:. aramcoworld.com
3042:Our World in Data
2857:978-0-8166-2832-2
2397:in the U.S., the
2366:Hurricane Katrina
2219:
2218:
2211:
1997:New York Hospital
1981:Bellevue Hospital
1941:C. Hoare & Co
1529:COVID-19 pandemic
1523:Remote monitoring
1513:room bed after a
1464:technical support
1418:behavioral health
1402:hospital pharmacy
1394:operating theatre
1342:teaching hospital
1336:Teaching hospital
1307:health care costs
1232:Hamilton, Ontario
1156:Regional hospital
913:teaching hospital
906:health care costs
859:
858:
724:Jamnagar Refinery
714:Intercity Express
684:Danish wind-power
484:Rapid bus transit
469:Land-use planning
233:Telecommunication
16:(Redirected from
6677:
6639:Three Gorges Dam
6619:Port of Shanghai
6513:Public economics
6365:Containerization
6355:Carbon footprint
6265:Natural monopoly
6134:Public utilities
6129:Public transport
6017:
6010:
6003:
5994:
5980:
5979:
5868:Neuroinformatics
5809:Connected health
5520:
5513:
5506:
5497:
5278:Private hospital
5242:Women's hospital
5201:Virtual Hospital
5115:General hospital
5066:Cottage hospital
4928:Hospital network
4907:
4900:
4893:
4884:
4875:
4874:
4863:
4862:
4861:
4854:
4845:
4843:
4841:
4836:on 21 April 2010
4832:. Archived from
4821:
4739:
4676:
4648:
4647:
4631:
4625:
4624:
4622:
4620:
4615:on 14 March 2011
4601:
4595:
4594:
4592:
4590:
4575:
4569:
4568:
4566:
4564:
4549:
4543:
4542:
4540:
4538:
4515:
4509:
4508:
4506:
4504:
4485:
4476:
4466:
4460:
4459:
4457:
4455:
4444:
4438:
4437:
4435:
4433:
4422:
4416:
4415:
4413:
4411:
4396:
4390:
4389:
4387:
4385:
4365:
4359:
4345:
4336:
4335:
4333:
4331:
4314:
4308:
4307:
4305:
4303:
4292:
4286:
4279:
4273:
4272:
4244:
4238:
4237:
4235:
4233:
4218:
4209:
4208:
4206:
4204:
4189:
4183:
4182:
4180:
4178:
4173:. 5 October 2017
4163:
4157:
4156:
4154:
4152:
4138:
4129:
4128:
4126:
4124:
4105:
4094:
4093:
4091:
4089:
4083:
4077:. Archived from
4070:
4062:
4056:
4055:
4053:
4051:
4037:
4031:
4030:
4023:
4017:
4016:
4014:
4012:
3998:
3992:
3991:
3979:
3968:
3958:
3952:
3951:
3949:
3947:
3924:
3918:
3917:
3905:
3895:
3889:
3888:
3867:
3861:
3860:
3850:
3818:
3812:
3799:
3793:
3792:
3778:
3772:
3771:
3761:
3729:
3723:
3716:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3705:
3696:. Archived from
3690:
3684:
3683:
3657:
3651:
3650:
3648:
3646:
3637:. Archived from
3631:
3625:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3603:
3597:
3596:
3584:
3574:
3568:
3567:
3554:
3548:
3547:
3536:
3530:
3523:
3517:
3511:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3478:
3472:
3471:
3453:
3447:
3446:
3444:
3442:
3433:. Archived from
3423:
3417:
3416:
3384:
3378:
3377:
3363:
3323:
3317:
3311:
3310:
3298:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3287:
3276:
3267:
3266:
3265:
3263:
3247:
3241:
3240:, (2003), p. 24.
3235:
3229:
3224:
3218:
3207:
3201:
3200:
3188:
3182:
3179:
3173:
3170:
3164:
3155:
3149:
3139:
3133:
3132:, November 1993.
3126:
3120:
3119:
3111:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3100:
3089:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3078:
3059:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3048:
3034:
3028:
3027:
3025:
3023:
3009:
3003:
3002:
3000:
2998:
2983:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2969:
2959:
2951:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2940:
2924:
2909:
2908:
2906:
2904:
2893:"Our Background"
2889:
2874:
2868:
2862:
2861:
2843:
2837:
2836:
2810:
2786:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2775:
2770:on 18 April 2017
2760:
2749:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2730:
2713:
2710:
2683:The Waiting Room
2662:Hospital network
2620:
2605:
2586:
2571:
2555:
2541:
2521:
2502:
2486:
2468:The research of
2395:Joint Commission
2324:health insurance
2214:
2207:
2203:
2200:
2194:
2170:
2169:
2162:
2007:opened in 1811.
1995:opened in 1752,
1977:Colonial America
1841:St Bartholomew's
1835:in 1540 by King
1779:public hospitals
1734:Entrance to the
1672:
1652:
1610:also existed at
1595:
1592:
1507:
1495:
1483:
1472:plant operations
1358:medical research
1350:medical students
1294:; an example is
1281:cancer treatment
1131:General Hospital
1096:
1090:
1072:
1034:
1020:
1014:
960:religious orders
956:health insurance
851:
844:
837:
821:
820:
809:
808:
759:Three Gorges Dam
749:Port of Shanghai
592:Public economics
429:Containerization
424:Carbon footprint
408:Issues and ideas
286:Design–bid–build
266:Asset management
213:Sewage treatment
79:Grand Coulee Dam
76:
62:
50:The exterior of
39:General Hospital
21:
6685:
6684:
6680:
6679:
6678:
6676:
6675:
6674:
6660:
6659:
6658:
6653:
6549:Brooklyn Bridge
6527:
6485:
6479:
6465:Waste-to-energy
6425:Reverse osmosis
6395:Hybrid vehicles
6390:High-speed rail
6375:Fuel efficiency
6345:Brownfield land
6332:
6330:
6324:
6240:Government debt
6188:
6084:Hazardous waste
6036:
6034:
6026:
6021:
5991:
5986:
5968:
5922:
5921:
5920:
5838:
5785:
5749:
5725:Overutilization
5693:
5684:Pharmacy school
5650:Assisted living
5638:
5592:
5529:
5524:
5494:
5489:
5459:
5363:
5297:
5283:Public hospital
5246:
5232:Prison hospital
5205:
5191:Mobile hospital
5169:
5133:
5092:
5037:
4988:Hospital museum
4968:Emergency codes
4940:
4939:Common hospital
4934:
4917:
4913:Articles about
4911:
4881:
4869:
4859:
4857:
4849:
4839:
4837:
4824:
4809:
4797:
4737:
4724:
4674:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4651:
4633:
4632:
4628:
4618:
4616:
4603:
4602:
4598:
4588:
4586:
4577:
4576:
4572:
4562:
4560:
4551:
4550:
4546:
4536:
4534:
4517:
4516:
4512:
4502:
4500:
4487:
4486:
4479:
4467:
4463:
4453:
4451:
4446:
4445:
4441:
4431:
4429:
4424:
4423:
4419:
4409:
4407:
4406:. 26 March 2012
4398:
4397:
4393:
4383:
4381:
4367:
4366:
4362:
4346:
4339:
4329:
4327:
4316:
4315:
4311:
4301:
4299:
4294:
4293:
4289:
4280:
4276:
4246:
4245:
4241:
4231:
4229:
4220:
4219:
4212:
4202:
4200:
4191:
4190:
4186:
4176:
4174:
4165:
4164:
4160:
4150:
4148:
4140:
4139:
4132:
4122:
4120:
4113:www.cmsdocs.org
4107:
4106:
4097:
4087:
4085:
4081:
4068:
4064:
4063:
4059:
4049:
4047:
4039:
4038:
4034:
4025:
4024:
4020:
4010:
4008:
4000:
3999:
3995:
3981:
3980:
3971:
3959:
3955:
3945:
3943:
3941:
3926:
3925:
3921:
3914:
3897:
3896:
3892:
3885:
3869:
3868:
3864:
3827:Medical History
3820:
3819:
3815:
3810:Wayback Machine
3800:
3796:
3780:
3779:
3775:
3731:
3730:
3726:
3717:
3713:
3703:
3701:
3692:
3691:
3687:
3680:
3659:
3658:
3654:
3644:
3642:
3633:
3632:
3628:
3619:
3617:
3605:
3604:
3600:
3593:
3576:
3575:
3571:
3556:
3555:
3551:
3538:
3537:
3533:
3524:
3520:
3512:
3508:
3480:
3479:
3475:
3468:
3455:
3454:
3450:
3440:
3438:
3431:www.nlm.nih.gov
3425:
3424:
3420:
3386:
3385:
3381:
3338:(12): 615–617.
3325:
3324:
3320:
3308:
3299:
3295:
3285:
3283:
3278:
3277:
3270:
3261:
3259:
3249:
3248:
3244:
3236:
3232:
3225:
3221:
3208:
3204:
3190:
3189:
3185:
3180:
3176:
3171:
3167:
3156:
3152:
3140:
3136:
3127:
3123:
3113:
3112:
3108:
3098:
3096:
3091:
3090:
3086:
3076:
3074:
3061:
3060:
3056:
3046:
3044:
3036:
3035:
3031:
3021:
3019:
3011:
3010:
3006:
2996:
2994:
2985:
2984:
2977:
2967:
2965:
2957:
2953:
2952:
2948:
2938:
2936:
2935:on 14 July 2014
2926:
2925:
2912:
2902:
2900:
2899:on 14 July 2014
2891:
2890:
2877:
2869:
2865:
2858:
2845:
2844:
2840:
2788:
2787:
2783:
2773:
2771:
2762:
2761:
2752:
2742:
2740:
2732:
2731:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2716:
2711:
2707:
2702:
2638:
2631:
2621:
2612:
2611:in Delhi, India
2606:
2597:
2587:
2578:
2572:
2563:
2556:
2547:
2542:
2533:
2522:
2513:
2503:
2494:
2487:
2449:
2374:
2352:basis, such as
2305:
2288:Catholic Church
2215:
2204:
2198:
2195:
2184:
2171:
2167:
2160:
2091:Thomas Percival
2071:
1814:
1748:Harun Al-Rashid
1736:Qalawun complex
1704:
1690:
1683:
1673:
1664:
1653:
1593:
1579:
1561:
1556:
1550:
1525:
1518:
1508:
1499:
1496:
1487:
1484:
1378:
1366:
1338:
1332:
1324:production line
1311:Narayana Health
1292:Fachkrankenhaus
1202:
1188:, persons with
1186:senior citizens
1158:
1152:
1138:
1127:
1103:
992:
954:or nonprofit),
855:
815:
798:
774:French TGV rail
645:Brooklyn Bridge
616:
615:
606:
563:
562:
561:Fields of study
553:
539:Waste-to-energy
534:Fuel efficiency
499:Reverse osmosis
464:Hybrid vehicles
459:High-speed rail
410:
409:
400:
321:Government debt
262:
261:
252:
143:Hazardous waste
94:
93:
81:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6683:
6681:
6673:
6672:
6662:
6661:
6655:
6654:
6652:
6651:
6646:
6641:
6636:
6631:
6626:
6621:
6616:
6611:
6606:
6601:
6599:Millau Viaduct
6596:
6591:
6586:
6581:
6576:
6571:
6566:
6561:
6559:Channel Tunnel
6556:
6551:
6546:
6541:
6535:
6533:
6529:
6528:
6526:
6525:
6523:Urban planning
6520:
6515:
6510:
6505:
6500:
6495:
6489:
6487:
6481:
6480:
6478:
6477:
6472:
6470:Weatherization
6467:
6462:
6457:
6452:
6447:
6442:
6437:
6432:
6427:
6422:
6417:
6412:
6407:
6402:
6397:
6392:
6387:
6382:
6377:
6372:
6367:
6362:
6357:
6352:
6347:
6342:
6336:
6334:
6326:
6325:
6323:
6322:
6317:
6312:
6307:
6302:
6297:
6292:
6287:
6282:
6280:Public finance
6277:
6275:Public capital
6272:
6267:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6247:
6242:
6237:
6232:
6227:
6222:
6217:
6212:
6207:
6202:
6196:
6194:
6190:
6189:
6187:
6186:
6181:
6176:
6171:
6166:
6161:
6156:
6151:
6146:
6144:Rail transport
6141:
6136:
6131:
6126:
6121:
6119:Public housing
6116:
6111:
6106:
6101:
6096:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6046:
6040:
6038:
6028:
6027:
6022:
6020:
6019:
6012:
6005:
5997:
5988:
5987:
5985:
5984:
5973:
5970:
5969:
5967:
5962:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5945:United Kingdom
5942:
5941:
5940:
5930:
5928:
5924:
5923:
5919:
5918:
5913:
5908:
5903:
5898:
5893:
5888:
5883:
5877:
5871:
5865:
5860:
5850:
5849:
5848:
5846:
5840:
5839:
5837:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5814:Digital health
5811:
5806:
5801:
5799:3D bioprinting
5795:
5793:
5787:
5786:
5784:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5761:Bedside manner
5757:
5755:
5751:
5750:
5748:
5747:
5742:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5701:
5699:
5695:
5694:
5692:
5691:
5686:
5681:
5670:Medical school
5667:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5646:
5644:
5640:
5639:
5637:
5636:
5631:
5626:
5621:
5616:
5611:
5606:
5600:
5598:
5594:
5593:
5591:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5534:
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5326:
5324:Fever hospital
5321:
5316:
5311:
5305:
5303:
5299:
5298:
5296:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5273:State hospital
5270:
5265:
5260:
5254:
5252:
5248:
5247:
5245:
5244:
5239:
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5227:Field hospital
5224:
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5186:Hospital train
5183:
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4867:
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4796:
4795:External links
4793:
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3738:Br J Gen Pract
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2437:Liam Donaldson
2373:
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2354:HCA Healthcare
2339:United Kingdom
2304:
2301:
2266:case mix index
2217:
2216:
2181:of the subject
2179:worldwide view
2174:
2172:
2165:
2159:
2156:
2126:at hospitals.
2070:
2067:
2023:British Empire
1945:Guy's Hospital
1887:Guy's Hospital
1813:
1810:
1768:lunatic asylum
1720:Constantinople
1689:
1686:
1685:
1684:
1674:
1667:
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1654:
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1624:ancient Greece
1560:
1559:Early examples
1557:
1552:Main article:
1549:
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1435:, headed by a
1377:
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1362:
1334:Main article:
1331:
1328:
1275:problems (see
1201:
1198:
1192:, children in
1162:intensive care
1154:Main article:
1151:
1148:
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1123:
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1099:
998:for the poor,
991:
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948:public funding
882:trauma centers
875:intensive care
867:health science
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650:Channel Tunnel
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602:Urban planning
599:
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544:Weatherization
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92:and facilities
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66:Infrastructure
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6604:Nuclear power
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6589:Humber Bridge
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6518:Public policy
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6200:Appropriation
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6185:
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6159:State schools
6157:
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6137:
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6124:Public spaces
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5909:
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5882:in healthcare
5881:
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5876:in healthcare
5875:
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5870:in healthcare
5869:
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5514:
5509:
5507:
5502:
5501:
5498:
5488:
5487:South America
5484:
5480:
5479:North America
5476:
5472:
5468:
5462:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
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5428:
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5423:
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5401:
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5396:
5393:
5391:
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5386:
5383:
5381:
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5376:
5373:
5372:
5370:
5366:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5354:Trauma center
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5334:Lock hospital
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5306:
5304:
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5294:
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5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
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5255:
5253:
5249:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
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5214:
5212:
5208:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5181:Hospital ship
5179:
5178:
5176:
5172:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
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5140:
5136:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5105:
5104:Base hospital
5102:
5101:
5099:
5095:
5089:(Middle Ages)
5088:
5085:
5082:
5079:
5076:
5075:Valetudinaria
5073:
5070:
5067:
5064:
5061:
5058:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5046:
5044:
5042:Archaic forms
5040:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4948:Accreditation
4946:
4945:
4943:
4937:
4933:
4929:
4925:
4920:
4916:
4908:
4903:
4901:
4896:
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4885:
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4806:
4802:
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4758:
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4753:
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4745:
4742:Porter, Roy.
4741:
4738:
4732:
4728:
4723:
4720:
4716:
4713:
4709:
4706:
4702:
4699:
4695:
4692:
4689:
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4682:
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4668:
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4659:
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4641:
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4630:
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4610:
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4325:
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4284:
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4270:
4266:
4262:
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4254:
4250:
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4240:
4227:
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4217:
4215:
4211:
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4067:
4061:
4058:
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4036:
4033:
4028:
4022:
4019:
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4003:
3997:
3994:
3989:
3985:
3978:
3976:
3974:
3970:
3966:
3962:
3957:
3954:
3942:
3936:
3932:
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3876:
3872:
3866:
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3858:
3854:
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3844:
3840:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3824:
3817:
3814:
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3807:
3804:
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3795:
3790:
3786:
3785:
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3774:
3769:
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3760:
3755:
3751:
3747:
3743:
3739:
3735:
3728:
3725:
3721:
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3712:
3699:
3695:
3689:
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3675:
3671:
3667:
3663:
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3640:
3636:
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3627:
3616:
3612:
3608:
3602:
3599:
3594:
3588:
3583:
3582:
3573:
3570:
3565:
3564:
3563:Lonely Planet
3559:
3553:
3550:
3545:
3541:
3535:
3532:
3528:
3522:
3519:
3515:
3510:
3507:
3501:
3496:
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3459:
3452:
3449:
3436:
3432:
3428:
3422:
3419:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3399:(1): 112–32.
3398:
3394:
3390:
3383:
3380:
3376:
3371:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3322:
3319:
3315:
3314:public domain
3306:
3302:
3297:
3294:
3281:
3275:
3273:
3269:
3258:
3257:
3252:
3246:
3243:
3239:
3234:
3231:
3228:
3223:
3220:
3216:
3215:
3211:
3206:
3203:
3198:
3194:
3187:
3184:
3178:
3175:
3169:
3166:
3162:
3159:
3154:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3138:
3135:
3131:
3125:
3122:
3117:
3110:
3107:
3094:
3088:
3085:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3058:
3055:
3043:
3039:
3033:
3030:
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3008:
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2992:
2988:
2982:
2980:
2976:
2963:
2956:
2950:
2947:
2934:
2930:
2923:
2921:
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2917:
2915:
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2898:
2894:
2888:
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2876:
2872:
2867:
2864:
2859:
2853:
2849:
2842:
2839:
2835:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2818:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2801:(4): 193–98.
2800:
2796:
2792:
2785:
2782:
2769:
2765:
2759:
2757:
2755:
2751:
2739:
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2709:
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2699:
2695:
2692:
2690:
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2685:
2684:
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2677:Trauma center
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
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2645:
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2433:
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2426:
2422:
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2403:Great Britain
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2380:
2371:
2369:
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2346:United States
2342:
2340:
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2317:
2313:
2309:
2302:
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2298:
2293:
2289:
2284:
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2273:United States
2269:
2267:
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2259:
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2247:
2243:
2238:
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2227:
2223:
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2202:
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2188:
2182:
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2173:
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2163:
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2155:
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2149:
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2102:
2098:
2097:
2092:
2084:
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2068:
2066:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2038:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2019:Enlightenment
2015:
2013:
2008:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1985:New York City
1982:
1978:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1962:
1956:
1952:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1923:
1920:(now part of
1919:
1915:
1908:
1904:
1903:Santo Domingo
1900:
1897:Ruins of the
1895:
1888:
1883:
1879:
1877:
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1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1852:
1850:
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1834:
1830:
1823:
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1809:
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1803:
1799:
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1773:
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1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1737:
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1728:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1716:Saint Sampson
1713:
1709:
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1695:
1687:
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1678:
1671:
1666:
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1658:
1651:
1646:
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1629:
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1613:
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1600:
1594: AD 400
1588:
1584:
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1566:
1558:
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1547:
1545:
1542:
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1534:
1530:
1522:
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1512:
1511:Resuscitation
1506:
1501:
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1477:
1475:
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1465:
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1415:
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1391:
1387:
1383:
1382:hospital beds
1375:
1373:
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1363:
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1359:
1355:
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1347:
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1327:
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1312:
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1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1284:
1282:
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1270:
1267:) hospitals,
1266:
1262:
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1219:, New Zealand
1218:
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1195:
1191:
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1183:
1179:
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1169:
1167:
1166:critical care
1163:
1157:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1143:trauma center
1136:
1132:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1089:
1084:
1083:modern French
1080:
1076:
1071:
1067:romance word
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1053:
1048:
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1033:
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1019:
1013:
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832:
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765:
762:
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742:
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712:
710:
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638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
610:
609:
603:
600:
598:
597:Public policy
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
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556:
550:
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512:
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415:
412:
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397:
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389:
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384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
371:Public sector
369:
367:
364:
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349:
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344:
342:
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334:
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284:
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279:
277:
274:
272:
271:Appropriation
269:
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231:
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226:
224:
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211:
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198:Public spaces
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193:State schools
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176:
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169:
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164:
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156:
154:
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149:
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139:
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126:
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119:
116:
114:
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75:
71:
70:
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48:
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40:
33:
19:
6614:Panama Canal
6493:Architecture
6460:Urban sprawl
6435:Smart growth
6370:Ethanol fuel
6310:Supply chain
6270:Property tax
6215:Design–build
6139:Public works
6088:
5901:Telemedicine
5834:Telemedicine
5829:Nanomedicine
5665:Nursing home
5659:
5329:Leper colony
5319:Eye hospital
5145:Day hospital
5008:On-call room
4914:
4838:. Retrieved
4834:the original
4829:
4814:
4780:
4773:
4766:
4759:
4743:
4726:
4718:
4711:
4704:
4697:
4687:
4680:
4666:
4655:Bibliography
4639:
4629:
4617:. Retrieved
4613:the original
4599:
4587:. Retrieved
4583:
4573:
4561:. Retrieved
4558:The Guardian
4557:
4547:
4535:. Retrieved
4523:
4513:
4501:. Retrieved
4497:the original
4492:
4472:
4464:
4452:. Retrieved
4442:
4430:. Retrieved
4420:
4408:. Retrieved
4394:
4382:. Retrieved
4377:
4373:
4363:
4353:
4347:
4328:. Retrieved
4322:
4312:
4300:. Retrieved
4290:
4282:
4277:
4255:(1): 39–61.
4252:
4248:
4242:
4230:. Retrieved
4225:
4201:. Retrieved
4197:
4187:
4175:. Retrieved
4170:
4161:
4149:. Retrieved
4145:
4121:. Retrieved
4112:
4086:. Retrieved
4079:the original
4072:
4060:
4048:. Retrieved
4044:
4035:
4021:
4009:. Retrieved
4005:
3996:
3987:
3964:
3956:
3944:. Retrieved
3929:
3922:
3901:
3893:
3874:
3865:
3833:(1): 36–51.
3830:
3826:
3816:
3797:
3783:
3776:
3741:
3737:
3727:
3719:
3714:
3702:. Retrieved
3698:the original
3688:
3661:
3655:
3643:. Retrieved
3639:the original
3629:
3618:, retrieved
3610:
3601:
3580:
3572:
3561:
3552:
3543:
3534:
3526:
3521:
3513:
3509:
3493:(1): 68–75.
3490:
3486:
3476:
3457:
3451:
3439:. Retrieved
3435:the original
3430:
3421:
3396:
3392:
3382:
3373:
3335:
3331:
3321:
3296:
3284:. Retrieved
3260:, retrieved
3255:
3245:
3238:
3233:
3222:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3186:
3177:
3168:
3160:
3153:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3129:
3124:
3115:
3109:
3097:. Retrieved
3087:
3075:. Retrieved
3070:
3066:
3057:
3045:. Retrieved
3041:
3032:
3020:. Retrieved
3016:
3007:
2995:. Retrieved
2991:the original
2966:. Retrieved
2961:
2949:
2937:. Retrieved
2933:the original
2901:. Retrieved
2897:the original
2870:
2866:
2847:
2841:
2820:
2798:
2794:
2784:
2772:. Retrieved
2768:the original
2741:. Retrieved
2737:
2728:
2708:
2681:
2475:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2454:
2450:
2447:Architecture
2429:
2406:
2375:
2358:chargemaster
2343:
2336:
2321:
2285:
2277:
2270:
2262:
2251:
2205:
2196:
2176:
2128:
2105:
2094:
2088:
2069:19th century
2039:
2035:Philadelphia
2016:
2009:
1993:Philadelphia
1974:
1957:
1953:
1938:private bank
1927:
1874:founded the
1858:founded the
1853:
1831:, after the
1826:
1806:dispensaries
1798:Song Dynasty
1795:
1776:
1764:nursing home
1741:
1708:Christianity
1705:
1677:Anuradhapura
1656:
1655:View of the
1639:
1636:Roman Empire
1597:
1580:
1526:
1453:
1449:
1430:
1379:
1367:
1352:and student
1339:
1304:
1299:
1291:
1285:
1263:, seniors' (
1250:
1190:disabilities
1173:World War II
1170:
1159:
1139:
1104:
1074:
1060:
1056:
1050:
1044:
1040:
1036:
993:
964:
945:
910:
879:
862:
860:
744:Panama Canal
567:Architecture
519:Urban sprawl
509:Smart growth
444:Ethanol fuel
391:Supply chain
346:Property tax
291:Design–build
243:Water supply
183:Mass transit
147:
43:
6634:Solar power
6410:Pork barrel
6385:Groundwater
6285:Public good
6255:Lindahl tax
6230:Externality
6169:Town square
6099:Lighthouses
5960:New Zealand
5715:End-of-life
5597:Professions
5527:Health care
5106:(Australia)
5087:Xenodochium
4993:Hospitalist
4877:Engineering
4503:10 February
4432:24 December
4249:Geopolitics
4203:25 November
4177:25 November
4151:25 November
4123:25 November
4088:9 September
4050:25 November
4011:25 November
3871:Porter, Roy
3744:(655): 81.
3163:1990. p. 56
3158:Risse, G.B.
3077:24 December
2734:"Hospitals"
2642:Burn center
2228:located in
2199:August 2020
2140:Josef Ĺ koda
2111:Crimean War
2055:John Howard
2050:John Wesley
1845:St Thomas's
1688:Middle Ages
1630:, known as
1612:Gundeshapur
1273:psychiatric
1200:Specialized
1194:foster care
1111:outpatients
1046:hospitality
1039:(where the
921:urgent care
902:psychiatric
479:Pork barrel
454:Groundwater
366:Public good
336:Maintenance
316:Externality
276:Lindahl tax
228:Solid waste
163:Lighthouses
133:Electricity
6629:Suez Canal
6584:Hoover Dam
6440:Stormwater
6430:Smart grid
6300:Renovation
6235:Fixed cost
6184:Wind power
6037:facilities
5927:By country
5791:Technology
5730:Palliative
5558:Philosophy
5548:Guidelines
5060:Bimaristan
5054:Asclepeion
5003:Nocturnist
4941:components
4840:7 November
4803:Hospitals
4454:27 January
3961:Erna Lesky
3441:21 January
3262:25 January
3099:27 January
2997:13 October
2774:13 October
2743:24 January
2720:References
2694:GP Liaison
2577:in Germany
2405:, and the
2350:for-profit
2254:anesthesia
2116:sanitation
1949:Thomas Guy
1856:Charles II
1837:Henry VIII
1777:In India,
1760:bimaristan
1692:See also:
1682:Sri Lanka.
1657:Askleipion
1632:Asclepeion
1563:See also:
1420:services,
1386:inpatients
1370:outpatient
1115:inpatients
1079:circumflex
1065:Old French
996:almshouses
971:volunteers
952:for-profit
925:cardiology
764:Shinkansen
704:Hoover Dam
582:Electrical
514:Stormwater
504:Smart grid
494:Renewables
419:Brownfield
376:Renovation
306:Fixed cost
6670:Hospitals
6415:Recycling
6305:Spillover
6089:Hospitals
6054:Broadband
5955:Australia
5776:Education
5771:Diagnosis
5624:Dentistry
5568:Providers
5543:Equipment
5538:Economics
5068:(England)
5062:(Islamic)
5049:Almshouse
4915:hospitals
4537:30 August
4532:0017-8012
4355:USA Today
4330:3 October
4302:17 August
4269:144793259
3873:(1999) .
3704:6 October
3413:144509355
3352:0141-0768
2831:Christian
2596:, Finland
2411:(HAS) in
2318:, Croatia
2191:talk page
2010:When the
1961:education
1868:almshouse
1854:In 1682,
1727:diseases.
1680:Mihintale
1628:Asclepius
1599:Mahavamsa
1581:In early
1422:dentistry
1410:pathology
1406:radiology
1315:Bangalore
1265:geriatric
1107:diagnosis
1018:hospitium
990:Etymology
941:radiology
937:pathology
894:geriatric
794:Wind farm
489:Recycling
386:Spillover
238:Utilities
148:Hospitals
108:Broadband
6664:Category
6544:Autobahn
6532:Examples
6486:of study
6475:Wireless
6380:Fuel tax
6315:Taxation
6193:Concepts
6044:Airports
5982:Category
5660:Hospital
5643:Settings
5614:Pharmacy
5604:Medicine
5553:Industry
5056:(Greece)
5028:Pharmacy
5023:Patients
4865:Medicine
4644:Archived
4619:14 March
4589:12 March
4584:BBC News
4563:12 March
4384:12 March
4117:Archived
3946:13 March
3806:Archived
3768:28126876
3370:17139063
3286:20 March
3253:(1969),
2817:19099050
2636:See also
2425:listeria
2185:You may
2081:, where
2046:Plymouth
2017:Another
1802:hospices
1791:Jahangir
1789:emperor
1752:Damascus
1620:Shapur I
1445:research
1348:such as
1330:Teaching
1217:Auckland
1182:Medicaid
1178:Medi-Cal
1150:District
1023:metonymy
1004:pilgrims
977:and the
975:Alexians
933:pharmacy
863:hospital
811:Category
630:Autobahn
614:Examples
449:Fuel tax
396:Taxation
341:Monopoly
260:Concepts
218:Sewerage
98:Airports
6320:Upgrade
6220:Earmark
6049:Bridges
5824:mHealth
5735:Primary
5720:Hospice
5710:Chronic
5609:Nursing
5578:Ranking
5483:Oceania
5293:Defunct
5251:Funding
5081:Vaishya
5077:(Roman)
5018:Orderly
4851:Portals
4192:Staff.
3857:1095851
3848:1081608
3759:5308110
3620:30 July
3361:1676324
3148:, p. 3.
3047:7 March
3022:13 June
2968:25 July
2939:10 July
2903:10 July
2808:2605310
2657:Hospice
2630:, U.S.
2594:Tampere
2417:England
2344:In the
2337:In the
2303:Funding
2271:In the
2079:Scutari
2059:Coulomb
1966:Charité
1872:Mary II
1829:England
1756:CĂłrdoba
1744:Baghdad
1722:and by
1587:Fa Xian
1548:History
1364:Clinics
1288:Germany
1119:clinics
1081:in the
1057:hostel,
1052:hospice
1000:hostels
674:history
296:Earmark
223:Sluices
103:Bridges
6484:Fields
6329:Issues
6154:Sewage
6094:Levees
6059:Canals
6032:Assets
5950:Canada
5655:Clinic
5588:System
5583:Reform
5573:Public
5563:Policy
5475:Europe
5467:Africa
5309:Cancer
4787:
4776:(2009)
4750:
4733:
4721:(1985)
4714:(2008)
4707:(2008)
4679:, in:
4530:
4475:(2009)
4410:17 May
4267:
4232:14 May
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