540:'Strategies are defined as evolved solutions to adaptive problems'. Men and women differ in the adaptive problems that they face, and therefore deploy different strategies. Women strongly desire the resources and commitment that comes with paternal parental investment and therefore impose a longer period of time for courtship and use of seduction prior to engaging in a long-term sexual relationship. Women also spend time seeking and seducing men that are willing to invest and commit in the long run. It is likely that exploitative strategies will not be used when seducing a long-term partner. The traits associated within the dark triad (Machiavellianism, psychopathy and narcissism) are not useful for long term mating strategies because they are negatively correlated with
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if she were to give birth to a child whose father has better genes than her husband. Females use these short-term matings to hone their mating and seduction skills and increase their protection. This is because males often provide increased protection against other males exploitation or from non-humans for the females they mate with and their offspring. However, this willingness to make the first move towards seduction and engage in a sexual relationship may be subtle. For example, females may simply stand close to their target.
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fertility. Therefore, our ancestors would have deployed this tactic (for enticing a suitable mate), which remains in our psychology. Some evolved poaching behaviours may not be suitable for current environmental problems. Leftover by-products from human evolution, such as preferences for fat and sugar, are not adaptive in western cultures at present, and thus similar poaching behaviours could still remain.
532:. This can be achieved by a female partaking in a short-term affair, incorporating the use of seduction, with another male as a revenge tactic for her husband's previous affair, which aims to increase commitment of her intended long-term mate. These hypotheses indicate the benefits for females of developing and expanding on their seduction skills within sexual relationships.
1923:
357:, which may require this strategy of seduction used to access the female for intercourse. However, this finding has been contradicted by non-verbal seduction results which indicate that females have more control within this area. Other potential strategies individuals employ to gain access to a mate include
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defined the crime of seduction as a felony committed "when a male person induced an unmarried female of previously chaste character to engage in an act of sexual intercourse on a promise of marriage." A father had the right to maintain an action for the seduction of his daughter (or the enticement of
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are a salient cue, expressing attraction. Leading on from this, eye contact is a very notable sign of attraction. Although there are cross cultural differences in whether eye contact is used or not, in
Western cultures, the duration of eye contact and the exchange between two individuals is important
519:
when females have sexual intercourse with males other than their husband. There are potential benefits for females to engage in these matings, including the ability to acquire more resources. For example, females are better able to access meats, goods or services in exchange for sexual intercourse or
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and ultimately reproduce. This behaviour is also aimed at persuading someone to develop a short-term or long-term sexual relationship with them. Males declare that they adopt the strategy of seduction statistically more frequently than females. From an evolutionary perspective this is due to females'
267:
specifies that the seducer must marry his victim or pay her father to compensate him for his loss of the marriage price: "And if a man entice a maid that is not betrothed, and lie with her, he shall surely endow her to be his wife. If her father utterly refuse to give her unto him, he shall pay money
612:
is considered another prominent feature in seduction, as it signifies willingness to engage in a social interaction, and in the case of seduction, to participate in creating an intimate bond. These non-verbal behaviours become synchronised between the two individuals which can then lead to the last
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The dark triad traits are seen more in males where the parental investment is lower. Having numerous copulations with many women increases the likelihood their genes will be passed on. Comparatively, a woman has to invest time and a lot of energy in carrying an infant and looking after him/her for
523:
Improving attraction and seduction skills can also help a female with acquiring a better or more desirable male according to the 'Mate
Switching Hypothesis'. This is because, females are able to assess their potential mate before committing to a long-term relationship. Alternatively, according to
422:
Evolutionarily speaking, we are descended from our reproductively-successful ancestors who managed to solve the adaptive problem of finding a mate with the required characteristics needed at that time in their lives, e.g., plenty of resources, physical attractiveness, and showing signs of honest
401:
among both sexes. Moreover, there are associated costs and benefits to poaching. Schmitt and Buss (2001) investigated the potential costs and benefits across sexes in relation to human mate poaching. Costs for engaging in poaching behaviours include unwanted pregnancy, transmitted infection and
514:
Additionally, there are other potential considerations of the implication of short-term strategies. Males cannot employ such strategies without there being willing females to engage in sexual intercourse within a short-term relationship with them. Therefore, benefits from engaging in multiple
475:, useful in the seduction process. Typically these three traits are deemed maladaptive for the individual and society. Nevertheless, these traits have been found to be adaptive in an exploitative strategy in short term mating. Dark triad traits are adaptive for an unrestricted
524:
this hypothesis females are also able to get rid of an unwanted husband through mate expulsion using short-term strategies, such as by seducing another man into a short-term sexual relationship. Females may also be more equipped at deterring male partners from future
640:
in the first meeting. However, whilst seducing, the paralanguage will alter gradually. His voice will eventually become softer with lower pitch and modulated voice. These characteristics of the voice are akin to those adults use when speaking to children, in
636:. These features of verbal communication change in different stages of the seduction process. Studies have shown that when initiating an interaction with a female, the seductive characteristics of the voice will begin with slightly higher pitch and increased
386:. Human mate poaching refers to when either a male or female purposefully entices another individual who is already in an established relationship into sexual relations with them. This is akin to the definition of seduction in the introduction. This is a
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was charged in New Jersey in 1938 with seduction, having enticed a woman "of good repute to engage in sexual intercourse with him upon his promise of marriage. The charges were dropped when it was discovered that the woman was already married."
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and relationships amongst humans. Individuals employing such strategies often do so subconsciously and will merely report the feelings and thoughts that they subjectively experienced and are colloquially comparable to 'attraction' or 'love'.
599:
Within the interactive seduction game, non-verbal communication is a prominent feature in accessing the desirable potential mate. The purpose of this communication is to reduce the interpersonal distance between the desired individuals.
854:
Kenrick, D. T.; Groth, G. E.; Trost, M. R. & Sadalla, E. K. (1993). "Integrating evolutionary and social exchange perspectives on relationships: Effects of gender, self-appraisal, and involvement level on mate selection criteria".
491:. These personality traits would be useful in seducing a partner for a short term encounter. From an evolutionary perspective, these would have been particularly beneficial to our ancestral males who wanted to increase their
406:
behaviours (behaviours used to protect their mate from other potential males or females). However, the associated benefits include emotional support that may not be received from a current partner, and access to 'good
196:
Seduction is a popular motif in history and fiction, both as a warning of the social consequences of engaging in the behaviour or becoming its victim, and as a salute to a powerful skill. In the Bible,
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and the lack of guarantee of male parental investment. Females therefore need to be seduced more prior to engaging in sexual intercourse. Men more commonly wish to engage in more frequent short-term
146:
of seduction depends on the long-term impacts on the individuals concerned, rather than the act itself, and may not necessarily carry the negative connotations expressed in dictionary definitions.
1518:
Jonason, P. K.; Valentine, K. A.; Li, N. P. & Harbeson, C. L. (2011). "Mate-selection and the Dark Triad: Facilitating a short-term mating strategy and creating a volatile environment".
552:
Kenrick and Trost (1987) have formulated a
Biosocial theory of heterosexual relationships which encompasses several stages of seduction. This includes five stages of natural progression:
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short-term mating must also exist for females. These matings enable females to practice and enhance their skills, specifically within attraction and seduction. This often occurs during
1933:
495:, through seducing many women and therefore increasing their chance of passing on their genes. These particular traits may be used as a tactic for increasing success in mating.
402:
diseases, and insecurity about provisions (shelter, food, and financial security) and/or resource depletion, violence and aggression from the current partner, who takes part in
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Within these stages, both individuals are interacting in a game which is never explicit, this is because if either individual were to be rejected this would damage their
580:. Therefore, when seducing, the overarching aims and goals are never vocalised to the other desired individual. This is sometimes referred to as paradoxical exhibition.
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mechanisms is to impress the desired partner and display positive characteristics that are likely to be attractive, and to repress undesirable characteristics.
134:. Seen positively, seduction is synonymous for the act of charming someone—male or female—by an appeal to the senses, often with the goal of reducing unfounded
1946:
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Eaton, S. B.; Strassman, B. I.; Nesse, R. M.; Neel, J. V.; Ewald, P. W.; Williams, G. C., ... & Mysterud, I. (2002). "Evolutionary health promotion".
814:
Littleton, H. L. & Axsom, D. (2003). "Rape and seduction scripts of university students: Implications for rape attributions and unacknowledged rape".
645:. This is vocal exhibition, which has been found mostly in males. The aim of modulating the voice is to attract the desired female and become intimate.
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1976:
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The triad of traits ancestrally would not have been adaptive for women, because females were and still are less likely or less willing to engage in
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who was given great strength by God, but ultimately lost his strength when she allowed the
Philistines to shave his hair off during his slumber.
1816:
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440:, however predominantly in males. Short-term strategies are those used by an individual to obtain a mate for a short term sexual encounter.
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Jonason, P. K.; Li, N. P.; Webster, G. D. & Schmitt, D. P. (2009). "The dark triad: Facilitating a short-term mating strategy in men".
707:
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Marston, P. J.; Hecht, M. L. & Robers, T. (1987). "True love ways': The subjective experience and communication of romantic love".
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reasons. Ultimately, both males and females have reported preferring seduction above all other strategies, such as the use of power or
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242:
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Conley, Terri D. (2021). "Perceived proposer personality characteristics and gender differences in acceptance of casual sex offers".
1898:
1877:
528:, demonstrated by the 'Mate Manipulation Hypothesis'. This hypothesis suggests that females are able to use revenge to deter future
1012:
Deighton, J. & Grayson, K. (1995). "Marketing and seduction: Building exchange relationships by managing social consensus".
130:, often sexual in nature, to coerce someone into a behavioural choice they would not have made if they were not in a state of
1285:
Schmitt, D. P. & Buss, D. M. (2001). "Human Mate
Poaching: Tactics and temptations for infiltrating existing mateships".
49:
1426:
Paulhus, D. L. & Williams, K. M. (2002). "The Dark Triad of personality: Narcissism, Machiavellianism and
Psychopathy".
55:
1969:
464:
1563:
Herold, E. & Mewhinney, D. (1993). "Gender
Differences in Casual Sex and AIDS Prevention: A Survey of Dating Bars".
985:
Abbey, A. (1982). "Sex differences in attributions for friendly behavior: Do males misperceive females' friendliness?".
1122:
McCormick, N. B. & Jesser, C. J. (1983). "The courtship game: Power in the sexual encounter. Changing boundaries".
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in the first stages of the biosocial model. Another non-verbal cue in the process of seduction are facial expressions.
765:
237:
was the Greek god of seduction and wine. Famous male seducers, their names synonymous with sexual allure, range from
2206:
1890:
698:. They often use attractive women from their gang in order to bribe, get money from, or damage the careers of male
189:
38:
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Buss, D. M. & Schmitt, D. P. (1993). "Sexual strategies theory: an evolutionary perspective on human mating".
1834:
317:
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Buss, D.M. & Schmitt, D.P. (1993). "Sexual
Strategies Theory: an evolutionary perspective on human mating".
1161:"Subjective attributes of attraction: How people characterize their liking, their love, and their being in love"
1962:
1632:
Greiling, H. & Buss, D. M. (2000). "Women's sexual strategies: The hidden dimension of extra-pair mating".
637:
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is universal'. These phrases help to demonstrate the extensively pervasive and ubiquitous strategy use within
108:
324:, normally physical, as well as attraction towards them. Popular phrases often used include; 'the language of
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suggests that this form of sexual enticement can be used in order to cajole desired individuals to engage in
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which had unconscious and conscious manifestations, that in relation to evolutionary psychology has been
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1322:"Facial attractiveness, symmetry and cues of good genes. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B"
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Individuals identify a potential partner based on desired characteristics such as physical attraction
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Research has indicated that seduction could substitute or equate to a form of collapsed or condensed
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161:. The emergence of the internet and technology has supported the availability and the existence of a
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1998:
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stems from Latin and means, literally, 'leading astray'. As a result, the term may have a negative
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Other traits of the individual that are not necessarily explicit are analysed to determine fitness
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Givens, D. B. (1978). "The nonverbal basis of attraction: Flirtation, courtship, and seduction".
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Human sperm competition. In R. L. Smith, Sperm competition and the evolution of mating systems
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Conference on
Evolution and the Social Sciences, London School of Economics, London, England
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Males and females both implement the strategy of seduction as a method of negotiating their
154:
1694:
Grammer, K. (1989). "Human courtship behavior: Biological basis and cognitive processing".
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Grammer, K (1989). "Human courtship behaviour: Biological basis and cognitive processing".
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2019:
1985:
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Human mate poaching is a form of seduction, and can be used as a short-term and long-term
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Mary Ann Mason: From Father's
Property to Children's Rights: A History of Child Custody
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2009:
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Tombs, S. & Silverman, I. (2004). "Pupillometry: A sexual selection approach".
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Parental investment and sexual selection. Sexual Selection & the Descent of Man
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and Williams (2002). The three traits are exploitative in nature and are used for
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to our ancestors in the past and has continued to be functional in modern society.
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209:. Eve herself was verbally seduced by the serpent, believed in Christianity to be
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544:, empathy and reciprocation, which are traits promoting a healthy relationship.
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2014:
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Andersen, P. A. (1985). "Nonverbal immediacy in interpersonal communication".
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Perper, T. & Fox, V. S. (1980). "Flirtation and pickup pattern in bars".
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415:. The associated benefits also include increased sexual variety, access to
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165:, which is based on discourse about seduction. This is predominantly by "
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a son who left home), since this deprived him of services or earnings.
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The relationship is either successful and progresses or discontinued
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Short-term strategies involved in seduction are associated with the
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213:; later, Chapter 7 of Proverbs warns of the pitfalls of seduction.
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1958:
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Greiling, H. (1993). Women's short-term sexual strategies. In
369:, for making a potential partner agree to sexual intercourse.
198:
142:". Some sides in contemporary academic debate state that the
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Scheib, J. E.; Gangestad, S. W. & Thornhill, R. (1999).
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In biblical times, because unmarried females who lost their
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lured sailors to their death by singing them to shipwreck;
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A Profane Wit: The Life of John Wilmot, Earl of Rochester
1711:
In Eastern Conference on Reproductive Behavior, New York
447:
The Dark Triad, proposed by Paulhus and Williams (2002)
1696:
The Sociobiology of Sexual and Reproductive Strategies
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The Sociobiology of Sexual and Reproductive Strategies
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features are those associated with the voice, such as
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The main goal of seduction whether it is active under
1124:
Changing Boundaries: Gender Roles and Sexual Behavior
2261:
2215:
1996:
1774:
The evolution of desire: Strategies of human mating
911:. New York: State Univ of New York Pr. p. 69.
909:
Males, Females and Sexuality. Theories and Research
48:"Seduced" redirects here. For the documentary, see
1041:The Villain-Hero in Pamela and Pride and Prejudice
483:behaviours. The three traits are associated with
320:of other individuals. This is primarily based on
1231:. New York: Aldine de Gruyter. pp. 136–179.
887:Multichannel Integrations of Nonverbal Behavior
149:Famous seducers from history or legend include
1851:. Jonhs.com. 2007-02-01. Retrieved 2012-05-22.
1832:"Hollywood Behind Bars – Frank Sinatra Mugshot
1060:. University of Rochester Press. p. 398.
1970:
1683:. New York: Academic Press. pp. 601–659.
8:
1592:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
1411:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1287:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
1194:Journal of Social and Personal Relationships
987:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
857:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
1043:. College English. pp. 23(2), 104–108.
974:. Clarendon Press. Oxford University Press.
1977:
1963:
1955:
2294:Sexual and reproductive health and rights
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111:, and short-term behavioural strategies.
455:is made up of three personality traits,
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173:to increase compliance and willingness.
1776:(Rev. ed.). New York: Basic Books.
806:
169:" (PUA). Seduction is also used within
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1634:Personality and Individual Differences
1520:Personality and Individual Differences
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1088:"Judges 16 – English Standard Version"
487:, manipulative behaviours and lack of
419:mates, and non-committal copulations.
122:. Seen negatively, seduction involves
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361:or having relatives select mates for
256:had also lost much of their value as
27:Enticing a person to sexual behaviour
7:
1668:. New York: Oxford University Press.
1159:Lamm, H. & Wiesmann, U. (1997).
930:
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268:according to the dowry of virgins."
41:. For the painting by Magritte, see
2108:Friends with benefits relationships
613:two stages of the biosocial model.
1801:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2004.05.001
1428:Journal of Research in Personality
1178:10.1111/j.1475-6811.1997.tb00145.x
674:Seduction is also associated with
559:Both individuals establish contact
243:John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester
95:. Strategies of seduction include
25:
1098:from the original on 18 July 2017
87:means enticing someone else into
1921:
1666:The evolution of human sexuality
724:
1470:European Journal of Personality
603:Physiological features such as
275:in the Old Testament describes
949:10.1080/00332747.1978.11023994
690:, and to a lesser extent, the
157:, and the fictional character
50:Seduced: Inside the NXIVM Cult
1:
1646:10.1016/s0191-8869(99)00151-8
1440:10.1016/s0092-6566(02)00505-6
298:
1789:Evolution and Human Behavior
1014:Journal of Consumer Research
710:, as well as members of the
473:sexually coercive behaviours
1751:10.1037/0033-295x.100.2.204
1565:The Journal of Sex Research
1259:10.1037/0033-295x.100.2.204
308:Use in sexual relationships
2371:
1891:Princeton University Press
1819:September 1, 2006, at the
1542:10.1016/j.paid.2011.06.025
1299:10.1037/0022-3514.80.6.894
999:10.1037/0022-3514.42.5.830
869:10.1037/0022-3514.64.6.951
652:
190:William-Adolphe Bouguereau
47:
39:Seduction (disambiguation)
36:
29:
1577:10.1080/00224499309551676
499:many years subsequently.
316:. This can often involve
1934:Bibliography of Don Juan
1206:10.1177/0265407587044001
766:Freud's seduction theory
678:, particularly with the
595:Non-verbal communication
382:Seduction is related to
109:non-verbal communication
30:Not to be confused with
2228:Physical attractiveness
1947:Encyclopædia Britannica
1039:Harmsel, H. T. (1961).
972:Oxford Latin dictionary
828:10.1023/A:1025824505185
388:psychological mechanism
342:Evolutionary psychology
2269:Human female sexuality
2202:Split attraction model
2083:Committed relationship
1950:(11th ed.). 1911.
1383:10.1006/pmed.2001.0876
1338:10.1098/rspb.1999.0866
1165:Personal Relationships
1054:Johnson, J.W. (2004).
732:Human sexuality portal
680:Italian-American Mafia
666:In more modern times,
643:infant directed speech
448:
304:
193:
76:
2319:Sex-positive movement
2314:Sex-positive feminism
2299:Sex Addicts Anonymous
2172:Queer heterosexuality
1679:Smith, R. L. (1984).
970:Glare, P. G. (1982).
446:
417:physically attractive
289:
184:
93:other sexual activity
58:
2274:Human male sexuality
2165:Romantic orientation
1930:at Wikimedia Commons
1905:The art of seduction
1772:Buss, D. M. (2003).
1739:Psychological Review
1247:Psychological Review
771:Homosexual seduction
617:Paralingual features
493:reproductive success
467:and was proposed by
314:sexual relationships
105:paralingual features
37:For other uses, see
2051:Casual relationship
1999:Sexual relationship
1903:Greene, R. (2010).
1887:The Seducer's Diary
1872:. London: Penguin.
1842:– Women's seduction
1664:Symons, D. (1979).
1371:Preventive Medicine
1332:(1431): 1913–1917.
1326:Biological Sciences
1227:Robert, T. (1972).
404:human mate guarding
384:human mate poaching
378:Human mate poaching
351:parental investment
163:seduction community
140:sexual emancipation
2334:Stanley v. Georgia
2279:Right to sexuality
2248:Sexual frustration
2187:Sexual orientation
1847:2016-08-13 at the
907:Kelley. K (1986).
660:English common law
449:
346:sexual intercourse
305:
194:
89:sexual intercourse
77:
2342:
2341:
2324:Sexual revolution
2233:Sexual attraction
2182:Sexual abstinence
2071:Celibacy syndrome
1941:"Seduction"
1926:Media related to
1067:978-1-58046-170-2
822:(9–10): 465–475.
795:Sperm competition
708:government agents
517:extra-pair mating
16:(Redirected from
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2329:Sexual surrogate
2289:Sexual addiction
2088:Conventional sex
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465:Machiavellianism
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2020:Gray asexuality
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413:facial symmetry
399:mating strategy
380:
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219:Greek mythology
203:forbidden fruit
186:The Proposition
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2123:Hypersexuality
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2030:Fictosexuality
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1883:Kierkegaard, S
1880:
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1837:2012-09-04 at
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273:Book of Judges
265:Book of Exodus
225:beguiled both
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167:pickup artists
132:sexual arousal
101:sexual scripts
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2044:Pansexuality
2010:Aromanticism
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1571:(1): 36–42.
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1407:cite journal
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1100:. Retrieved
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1071:. Retrieved
1056:
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980:
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751:Femme fatale
673:
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638:articulation
620:
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567:relationship
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318:manipulation
311:
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185:
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115:
113:
97:conversation
84:
78:
69:Don Giovanni
67:
2309:Sexual norm
2148:Promiscuity
2039:Bisexuality
1864:Casanova, G
1476:(1): 5–18.
746:Eros (love)
700:politicians
622:Paralingual
589:unconscious
578:self-esteem
565:A physical
485:impulsivity
481:promiscuous
457:psychopathy
411:', such as
302: 1460
231:Marc Antony
201:offers the
192:(1825–1905)
120:connotation
74:Max Slevogt
43:The Seducer
2284:Sexecology
2056:Casual sex
2015:Asexuality
1907:(Vol. 1).
1698:: 147–169.
1148:: 147–169.
1073:2023-06-18
937:Psychiatry
802:References
696:Jewish mob
688:Polish mob
530:infidelity
526:infidelity
509:casual sex
503:In females
461:narcissism
453:dark triad
438:dark triad
427:Short term
373:Strategies
367:aggression
247:James Bond
128:enticement
124:temptation
32:Subduction
2355:Seduction
2223:Hypergamy
2143:Polyamory
2098:Free love
2002:phenomena
1928:Seduction
1528:CiteSeerX
1478:CiteSeerX
1214:145339458
836:146523271
816:Sex Roles
692:Irish mob
585:conscious
536:Long term
338:courtship
279:seducing
254:virginity
223:Cleopatra
171:marketing
116:seduction
114:The word
85:seduction
81:sexuality
2349:Category
2262:See also
2207:Swinging
2177:Sex life
2133:Marriage
2103:Foreplay
2093:Flirting
2061:Celibacy
1990:sexology
1845:Archived
1835:Archived
1817:Archived
1612:21171789
1550:12310143
1500:12854051
1399:18948871
1391:11817903
1356:10535106
1307:11414373
1102:24 April
1096:Archived
780:Succubus
761:Foreplay
756:Flirting
741:Charisma
718:See also
432:In males
392:adaptive
359:courting
258:marriage
235:Dionysus
188:(1872),
159:Don Juan
144:morality
64:Mozart's
60:Don Juan
1885:(1997)
1866:(1894)
1759:8483982
1448:6535576
1347:1690211
1267:8483982
889:: 1–36.
776:Incubus
610:Smiling
489:empathy
469:Paulhus
349:higher
295:'s hair
277:Delilah
177:History
2153:Female
1897:
1876:
1757:
1610:
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1530:
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1064:
957:715095
955:
915:
834:
634:rhythm
355:mating
322:desire
293:Samson
281:Samson
215:Sirens
151:Lilith
66:opera
18:Seduce
1546:S2CID
1496:S2CID
1444:S2CID
1395:S2CID
1210:S2CID
832:S2CID
706:, or
626:pitch
409:genes
239:Genji
211:Satan
136:fears
2128:LGBT
1988:and
1895:ISBN
1874:ISBN
1755:PMID
1608:PMID
1413:link
1387:PMID
1352:PMID
1303:PMID
1263:PMID
1104:2018
1062:ISBN
953:PMID
913:ISBN
778:and
694:and
632:and
630:tone
479:and
463:and
451:The
330:love
326:love
271:The
245:and
229:and
207:Adam
126:and
99:and
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1797:doi
1747:doi
1743:100
1642:doi
1600:doi
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1573:doi
1538:doi
1488:doi
1436:doi
1379:doi
1342:PMC
1334:doi
1330:266
1295:doi
1255:doi
1251:100
1202:doi
1173:doi
1022:doi
995:doi
945:doi
865:doi
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587:or
241:to
217:of
205:to
199:Eve
91:or
79:In
62:in
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