100:. In a 2005 article, researchers Abbott and Chance state that "Although the importance of gain modulation and multiplicative interaction in general has been appreciated for many years, it has proven difficult to uncover a realistic biophysical mechanism by which it can occur. It is important to note that, despite comments in the literature to the contrary (see above), divisive inhibition of neuronal responses cannot arise from shunting inhibition. This has been shown theoretically as well as experimentally – inhibition has the same subtractive effect on firing rates whether it is of the shunting or hyperpolarizing variety." Thus, shunting inhibition does not provide a plausible mechanism for
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Alvarez-Leefmans F, Delpire E (2010-01-01). "Chapter 5 - Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Chloride Transport in Neurons: An Outline". In Javier Alvarez-Leefmans F, Delpire E (eds.).
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caused by concurrent excitation, whereas shunting inhibition can in some cases account for a divisive effect.
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Some evidence exists that shunting inhibition can have a divisive effect on neuronal responses, at least on
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Holt GR, Koch C (July 1997). "Shunting inhibition does not have a divisive effect on firing rates".
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Abbott LF, Chance FS (2005). "Drivers and modulators from push-pull and balanced synaptic input".
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by division, rather than linear subtraction. The term "shunting" is used because of the
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Physiology and
Pathology of Chloride Transporters and Channels in the Nervous System
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Blomfield S (March 1974). "Arithmetical operations performed by nerve cells".
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223:"The effect of inhibitory nerve impulses on a crustacean muscle fibre"
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Drivers and modulators from push-pull balanced synaptic input
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Shunting inhibition was discovered by Fatt and Katz in 1953.
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that can be represented mathematically as reducing the
45:. If a shunting inhibitory synapse is activated, the
77:Shunting inhibition is theorized to be a type of
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133:"Coding & Vision Lesson 4: Cell Types"
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277:. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
275:The Physiology of Synapses
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