109:
247:, leg cramps, rhinitis, nasal congestion, and sleeping position. Women at the third trimester report progressively reduced Total Sleep Time, and similarly to the second trimester, being uncomfortable, feeling fetal movements, heartburn, frequent urination, cramps and respiratory difficulties. The last weeks before delivery influence sleep quality reportedly most markedly. It is, however, curious that in spite of virtually all women experiencing poor sleep, only one third consider themselves to have current sleep problems.
274:, affective disorders, stress and perceived health, urinary problems, obesity, gastrointestinal problems, endocrine problems, and cardiovascular problems contributing factors to menopause' associated sleeping problems and insomnia. Sleep during the menopausal transition is furthermore influenced by pain disorders and specifically by comorbid physical and psychiatric conditions. Other proposed causes for sleep problems during menopause are increased incidences of obstructive
270:
architecture in pre‐, peri‐, and postmenopausal women. Nonetheless, quantitative and qualitative studies report elevated beta activity, resulting objectively and subjectively in a consistent coupling of sleep disturbances such as sleep fragmentation, increased waking after sleep onset and poor sleep efficiency with vasomotor symptoms such as hot flashes. Besides vasomotor symptoms are changes in hormone levels such as
24:
269:
Poor sleep quality, sleep fragmentation and increased awakenings are common complaints during the menopausal transition. Reportedly, 31% to 42% of women suffer from chronic insomnia during their menopausal transition. However, some objective PSG studies have not shown significant differences in sleep
260:
sleep remained relatively stable while first time mothers experienced a decline in sleep efficiency. Furthermore, mothers of bottle-fed babies experienced less night-time awakening than breast feeding mothers. Parents general physical and psychological health should be considered as well; however, by
255:
Total sleep time is objectively the lowest during the 1 month postpartum though it steadily increases toward normal. Main contributing factors influencing sleep during the postpartum period are infant behaviours such as infant sleep and feeding patterns, bed-sharing and infant temperament. It appears
197:
and musculoskeletal discomfort account for the physiological factors impacting sleep during the first trimester. Subjectively, women report an increase in night-time awakening and an increase in total sleep time. Pregnant women's main physiological complaints during the first trimester which disrupt
175:
An estimated 46% of women experience subjectively poor sleep during pregnancy and this percentage increases progressively up to approximately 78% in the late stages of pregnancy. Reasons vary according to the trimester, relating to hormonal changes and physical discomfort: anatomic changes, sleep
152:
study reports a modest decline in total sleep time of 25 min in late-reproductive woman during the premenstrual week. The measurement of subjectively reported sleep during the menstrual cycle differs. Seventy percent of women report a negative impact on their sleep. Furthermore, they report a
153:
decrease in sleep quality on 2.5 days each month. Poor sleep quality, connected with poor mood and menstrual pain, especially during the premenstrual week, are most likely to be reported. Psychological factors influencing sleep quality in women, related to hormonal fluctuations, such as
256:
that slow-wave sleep is preserved during the first weeks postpartum in spite and because of chronic sleep deprivation. Frequent napping occurs. Recent studies suggest additionally a myriad of further contributing factors influencing postpartum sleep. It has been found that
206:, urinary frequency, backaches, and feeling uncomfortable and fatigued; as well as tender breasts, headache, vaginal discharge, flatulence, constipation, shortness of breath, and heartburn. Other contributing factors for sleep quality are age, parity, mood disorders,
192:
Laboratory-based studies show that most women experience more disruption during night-time sleep and become sleepier. They sleep on average more during this time compared to pre-pregnancy sleep time. Total sleep time, however, decreases as the pregnancy progresses.
184:, increase in overnight sodium excretion, changes in the musculoskeletal system, nocturnal uterine contractions, changes in iron and folate metabolism, and changes in the circadian and homeostatic regulation of sleep.
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and nasal congestion account for the physiological factors which influence sleep. Self-reported total sleep time and quality decreases during the second trimester. Reported contributing factors are fetal movements,
100:
transition. The relationship between sleep and women's psychological well-being suggests that the underlying causes of sleep disturbances are often multi-factorial throughout a woman's lifespan.
239:
Objectively, slow-wave sleep and total sleep time as well as general sleep quality decreases further progressively during the third trimester. More night-time awakenings are common.
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problems and napping becomes more frequent. Physiological factors impacting sleep at this stage during the pregnancy are nocturia, fetal movement, uterine contractions, heartburn,
128:
measures of young healthy women do not confirm irregular sleep patterns, neither in sleep duration nor sleep quality across the menstrual cycle. One exception is the reduction of
278:, increased sleep disordered breathing, and inadequate sleep hygiene. Another important factor contributing to changed sleep patterns in ageing women in general is the
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and sleep quality. No changes in REM sleep have been observed. Fetal movements, uterine contractions, musculoskeletal discomfort and
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three months postpartum, mothers' and infants' sleep tend to stabilise and mothers' sleep becomes more regular.
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Initial variations of sleep in women begin with the menstrual cycle. In subjective studies, women who report
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fragmentation, fragmentation of breathing, metabolic changes which might increase sleep disorders such as
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can manifest at various stages of their life cycle. Both subjective and objective data indicate that
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Laboratory based measures during the second trimester show a further decrease in total sleep time,
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changes, aging, psycho-social aspects, physical and psychological conditions, and the presence of
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290:. These changes in chronotype compared to premenopausal women require a different sleep hygiene.
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686:"Cognition, Mood and Sleep in Menopausal Transition: The Role of Menopause Hormone Therapy"
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can disrupt women's sleep. Research supports the presence of disturbed sleep during the
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Moline M, Broch L, Zak R (July 2004). "Sleep
Problems Across the Life Cycle in Women".
282:, showing in disturbed regulation of body temperature at sleep onset and early morning
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Gava G, Orsili I, Alvisi S, Mancini I, Seracchioli R, Meriggiola MC (October 2019).
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report increases in poor sleep quality. However, most objective laboratory-based
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Ameratunga D, Goldin J, Hickey M (July 2012). "Sleep disturbance in menopause".
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Changes in estrogen and progesterone percentages throughout the menstrual cycle
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Bei B, Coo S, Baker FC, Trinder J (2015). "Sleep in Women: A Review".
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of the menstrual cycle. Several studies attribute this to increased
231:, cramps or tingling in the legs, breathing problems, and anxiety.
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and sleep disorders, are often higher in women after the onset
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are at an increased risk of experiencing different types of
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737:"Sleep, premenstrual mood disorder, and women's health"
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levels. Postmenopausal women tend to express a morning
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735:Meers, Jessica M.; Nowakowski, Sara (August 2020).
790:Mehta, Navina; Shafi, Fariha; Bhat, Abid (2015).
76:during different life stages. Factors such as
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558:Pengo MF, Won CH, Bourjeily G (July 2018).
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394:Current Treatment Options in Neurology
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560:"Sleep in Women Across the Life Span"
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132:and markedly more so the increase of
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46:move details into the article's body
792:"Unique Aspects of Sleep in Women"
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741:Current Opinion in Psychology
210:and primary sleep disorders.
753:10.1016/j.copsyc.2019.09.003
104:Sleep during menstrual cycle
840:"National Sleep Foundation"
576:10.1016/j.chest.2018.04.005
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844:National Sleep Foundation
622:Internal Medicine Journal
406:10.1007/s11940-004-0031-6
198:the quality of sleep are
703:10.3390/medicina55100668
500:Australian Psychologist
182:gastroesophageal reflux
66:Sleep problems in women
165:Sleep during pregnancy
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874:Women's mental health
265:Menopausal transition
178:restless leg syndrome
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280:circadian disruption
148:concentrations. One
241:Sleep onset latency
171:Pregnancy and sleep
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82:sleeping disorders
796:Missouri Medicine
94:postpartum period
74:sleeping problems
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42:length guidelines
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214:Second trimester
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40:Please read the
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220:slow-wave sleep
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188:First trimester
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86:menstrual cycle
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36:may be too long
31:This article's
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169:Main article:
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847:. Retrieved
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146:progesterone
138:luteal phase
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34:lead section
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696:(10): 668.
276:sleep apnea
136:during the
863:Categories
849:2022-10-03
311:References
288:chronotype
258:multiparas
251:Postpartum
150:actigraphy
98:menopausal
54:April 2020
808:0026-6620
777:204044995
761:2352-2518
747:: 43–49.
520:1742-9544
300:Menopause
245:orthopnea
229:heartburn
130:REM sleep
90:pregnancy
44:and help
826:26821442
769:31610482
722:31581598
690:Medicina
650:39014698
642:22288870
594:29679598
528:70400873
422:11011868
414:15157409
294:See also
284:cortisol
272:estrogen
224:rhinitis
204:vomiting
195:Nocturia
159:menarche
142:estrogen
78:hormonal
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208:anxiety
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200:nausea
96:, and
773:S2CID
646:S2CID
564:Chest
524:S2CID
418:S2CID
305:Sleep
70:women
822:PMID
804:ISSN
765:PMID
757:ISSN
718:PMID
638:PMID
590:PMID
516:ISSN
410:PMID
202:and
144:and
122:PMDD
812:PMC
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749:doi
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630:doi
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126:PSG
120:or
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