487:
France had acquired a sort of monopoly on culture, style, and luxury living, a position that it has occupied ever since. Beginning in the late seventeenth century, travelers were saying what novelists and filmmakers are still repeating: travel to Paris was guaranteed to add a touch of magic to every life. rom this moment on, that touch of magic became widely desired: elegance, luxury, and sophistication became factors to be reckoned with.
153:
98:
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circles in the country's biggest cities. The transformation of the
American class dynamic from a single-minded striving for economic abundance to a multi-dimensional striving for sophistication in addition to abundance – a mixture of status pursuits more typical of Europe – was seeded in the 1960s. = adam markovich
660:
By the second half of the seventeenth century the experience of the Grand Tour marked the socially successful gentleman. In 1678 Gailhard noted that many travelled
Englishmen regarded their home-bred compatriots as their social inferiors and affected foreign accents, fashions and mannerisms in order
486:
In the sixteenth century, the French were not thought of as the most elegant or the most sophisticated
European nation. By the early eighteenth century, however, people all over Europe declared that 'the French are stylish' or 'the French know good food,' just as they said, 'the Dutch are clean.'
544:
The pursuit of cultural sophistication (Bourdieu's cultural capital) was until recently a niche phenomenon in
America. It existed mainly in 'old-money' families, which dominated elite breeding grounds (prep schools, Ivy league universities, elite liberal arts colleges), and in the small Bohemian
424:
So here are the stories of the shoemaker, the hairdresser, the cosmetologist, the cookbook writers, the chef, the diamond merchant, the couturieres, and the fashion queens, the inventors of the folding umbrella ... and of champagne. Together they created a style that still shapes our ideas of
128:
In social terms, the connotations of sophistication depends on whether one is an insider or an outsider of the sophisticated class. Sophistication can be seen as "a form of snobbery," or as "among the most desirable of human qualities."
140:, covering the art of " the shoemaker, the hairdresser, the cosmetologist, the cookbook writers, the chef, the diamond merchant, the couturieres, and the fashion queens, the inventors of the folding umbrella ... and of champagne."
739:
This centralization led to a hierarchical ordering of territory and populations that located sophistication, civilization, and power in the center. Distance from
Rangoon was associated with political insignificance and social
703:
1913 Miss Ela
Hockaday opens a finishing school in Dallas and single-handedly creates the Texas ideal of what a lady should be. aughters from remote West Texas ranches gained a measure of sophistication.
776:
And by showing the sophistication of Aztec civilization, the editor challenges the premise upon which the conquest was justified and legitimated.
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In every culture ideas develop among the different social classes as to what signifies status, sophistication, privilege, and superiority.
24:
835:
715:
Callahan, Mary P. (2004), "Making
Myanmars: Language, Territory and Belonging in Post-Socialist Burma", in Migdal, Joel S. (ed.),
755:
Figural conquistadors: rewriting the New World's discovery and conquest in
Mexican and River Plate novels of the 1980s and 1990s
812:
218:
The system of modern
Western sophistication has its roots in France, arguably helped along its way by the policies of King
78:
585:
But the mutakallim's universe of discourse now included the whole range of
Falsafah with its intellectual sophistication.
132:
A study of style conveys an idea of the range of possible elements through which one can demonstrate sophistication in
500:
466:
The essence of style: how the French invented high fashion, fine food, chic cafes, style, sophistication, and glamour
404:
The essence of style: how the French invented high fashion, fine food, chic cafes, style, sophistication, and glamour
864:
264:
distinguishes "two types of sophistication: limited access or allusive knowledge, and complex processing".
505:
20:
388:
sophistication is a form of snobbery – it's based above all on knowing something another person does not.
758:. The Bucknell studies in Latin American literature and theory. Bucknell University Press. p. 39.
718:
Boundaries and belonging: states and societies in the struggle to shape identities and local practices
33:
refers to the qualities of refinement, good taste, and wisdom. By contrast, its original use was as a
215:
to win arguments gave sophistication a derogatory quality. Sophistry was then the art of misleading.
82:
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The English regarded sophistication as decadent and deceptive until the aristocratic
74:
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On a societal level commentators can associate various forms of sophistication with
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642:. Brill's studies in intellectual history. Vol. 58. Brill. p. 242.
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62:
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Cultural Strategy: Using Innovative Ideologies to Build Breakthrough Brands
331:. Routledge interpretive marketing research series. Routledge. p. 52.
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Methods of acquiring the appearance of personal sophistication include:
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192:
137:
42:
38:
58:
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The venture of Islam: conscience and history in a world civilization
329:
Consuming people: from political economy to theaters of consumption
257:
230:
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606:. Humor research. Vol. 1. Walter de Gruyter. p. 216.
147:
92:
639:
Images of the educational traveller in early modern England
276:
educational travel – note the function of the traditional
567:. Vol. 3. University of Chicago Press. p. 323.
437:
Mark Backman (1991), "The Roots of Our Sophistication",
805:
Strange gourmets: sophistication, theory, and the novel
164:
109:
73:, sophistication can be linked with concepts such as
53:, it is common as a measure of refinement—displaying
463:
401:
797:"Kiss Me, Stupid: Sophistication and Snobbery in
501:"Sophistication: A Literary and Cultural History"
245:Recognised varieties of sophistication include:
721:, Cambridge University Press, pp. 99–120,
314:Sophistication: A Literary and Cultural History
828:A view of the Nation: an anthology, 1955–1959
8:
327:Firat, A. Fuat; Dholakia, Nikhilesh (2003).
237:(1778–1840) became fashionable and admired.
526:. Oxford University Press. pp. 91–92.
249:cultural sophistication(or culturedness)
520:Holt, Douglas; Douglas Cameron (2010).
304:
673:Mackintosh, Prudence (January 1986).
425:elegance, sophistication, and luxury.
7:
661:to demonstrate their sophistication.
61:and subtlety rather than crudeness,
830:. Ayer Publishing. pp. 62–69.
203:. This then became the wisdom of
25:Sophistication (complexity theory)
14:
687:(1). Emmis Communications: 154.
499:Deborah Longworth (2 Sep 2010),
470:. New York: Free Press. p.
408:. New York: Free Press. p.
229:and refined elegance of Regency
151:
96:
1:
372:(7). Here Publishing: 38–80.
822:M. Christman, Henry (1970).
603:Linguistic theories of humor
824:"Sophistication in America"
252:intellectual sophistication
41:, and included the idea of
16:Word derived from sophistry
881:
752:Hernández, Mark A (2006).
49:. Today, as researched by
18:
807:. Duke University Press.
268:Acquiring sophistication
795:Litvak, Joseph (1997).
241:Types of sophistication
89:Scope of sophistication
69:. In the perception of
559:Hodgson, Marshall G. S
506:Times Higher Education
360:"Staying a Step Ahead"
312:Hammill, Faye (2010).
280:for European aesthetes
21:Sophistication (books)
462:DeJean, Joan (2003).
400:DeJean, Joan (2003).
222:(reigned 1643–1715).
211:. But their use of
19:For other uses, see
256:In the analysis of
598:Attardo, Salvatore
163:. You can help by
108:. You can help by
785:Alecia Watterson
765:978-0-8387-5645-4
728:978-0-521-83566-4
649:978-90-04-10126-5
613:978-3-11-014255-6
574:978-0-226-34684-7
533:978-0-19-958740-7
481:978-0-7432-6413-6
448:978-0-918024-91-6
419:978-0-7432-6413-6
338:978-0-415-31620-0
181:
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865:Pejorative terms
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358:(January 2001).
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286:Finishing school
191:was the special
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185:Ancient Greece
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31:Sophistication
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769:. Retrieved
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732:, retrieved
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696:. Retrieved
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653:. Retrieved
638:
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617:. Retrieved
602:
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578:. Retrieved
563:
556:For example:
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537:. Retrieved
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403:
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381:. Retrieved
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293:civilization
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255:
244:
224:
217:
205:philosophers
188:
182:
169:
165:adding to it
160:
131:
127:
114:
110:adding to it
105:
71:social class
51:Faye Hammill
47:adulteration
30:
29:
799:Vanity Fair
83:superiority
855:Aesthetics
849:Categories
814:0822320169
771:2011-03-13
734:2011-03-13
698:2011-02-24
655:2011-02-24
619:2011-02-21
580:2011-02-24
539:2011-02-24
383:2011-03-06
299:References
278:Grand Tour
172:March 2011
117:March 2011
55:good taste
35:pejorative
693:0148-7736
378:1062-7928
220:Louis XIV
79:privilege
67:vulgarity
63:stupidity
43:admixture
636:(1995).
600:(1994).
561:(1974).
233:such as
213:rhetoric
209:sophists
207:such as
201:prophets
134:elegance
860:Culture
231:dandies
193:insight
144:History
138:fashion
39:sophist
834:
811:
762:
725:
691:
646:
610:
571:
530:
478:
445:
416:
376:
335:
189:sophia
75:status
59:wisdom
258:humor
197:poets
832:ISBN
809:ISBN
760:ISBN
723:ISBN
689:ISSN
644:ISBN
608:ISBN
569:ISBN
528:ISBN
476:ISBN
443:ISBN
414:ISBN
374:ISSN
333:ISBN
199:and
136:and
81:and
65:and
23:and
410:193
365:Out
195:of
183:In
167:.
112:.
45:or
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737:,
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474:.
422:.
412:.
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368:.
362:.
341:.
295:.
260:,
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840:.
817:.
801:"
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174:)
170:(
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
