35:
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Etruscan hydraulic engineers managed to confine the wide Po river at Spina to its bed, by the means of constructing many canals to direct its flow. As a result the disastrous spring floods were mitigated. Much other evidence of
Etruscan hydraulic engineering works remains in the area. They have
99:. Aside from the white reflective surfaces of the modern drainage channels there appeared in the photographs a ghostly network of dark lines and light rectangles, the former indicating richer vegetation on the sites of
352:
V. Izzet, 2008, Questions of
Mediterranean migration: the case of Spina. International Congress of Classical Archaeology – XVII. Meetings Between Cultures in the Ancient Mediterranean, 22-26 September 2008, Rome
88:
The fishermen of
Comacchio, it soon turned out, had been the source of "Etruscan" vases (actually ancient imports from Greece) and other artifacts that had appeared for years on the archeological
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103:. Thus the layout of the ancient trading port was revealed, now miles from the sea, due to the sedimentation of the Po delta.
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520:
294:. In the index, p. 1390, Spina is labelled "Hell.?", where "Hell." stands for Hellenised indigenous community.
718:
698:
540:
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144:
Many of the goods imported through Spina were destined for the bigger
Etruscan city of Felsina (ancient name of
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159:, whose cities were to the north. They also traded in horses, for which the Veneti were famous.
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Discovery of a section of the
Etruscan road that linked Spina with Lucca on the Tyrrhenian sea
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229:
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115:
Ancient Greek pottery from the
Etruscan tombs in Spina. Museo archeologico nazionale (Ferrara)
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131:
127:, it had a predominantly Etruscan population, but also a significant Greek presence.
19:
This article is about the
Etruscan city. For the middle strip in a Roman circus, see
95:
The archaeological finds from the burials of Spina were discovered with the help of
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920:
900:
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530:
346:
Alfieri, N. (1979) Spina: Museo
Archaeologico, Officine Grafiche Calderini, Bologna
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364:"Etruscan Engineering and Agricultural Achievements: The Ancient City of Spina"
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The site of Spina was lost until modern times, when drainage schemes in the
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201:(Special ed.). Manchester: Manchester University Press. p. 6.
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port city, established by the end of the 6th century BCE, on the
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349:
V. Izzet, 2007, The
Archaeology of Etruscan Society, Cambridge.
168:
drained the marshes and provided irrigation for dry lands.
81:
of
Etruscan Spina about four miles west of the commune of
282:
Mogens Herman Hansen and Thomas Heine Nielsen (2004).
155:
from the Baltic Sea. This trade was done through the
331:
ETRUSCAN ENGINEERING & AGRICULTURAL ACHIEVEMENTS
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861:
785:
717:
558:
446:
123:. Despite the Greek foundation story mentioned by
151:The city was at the southern end of the ancient
23:. For the ghost town in the United States, see
424:
130:The population of Spina became significantly
8:
526:Arruns Tarquinius (son of Tarquin the Proud)
284:An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis
119:Spina was founded around 525 BC, soon after
16:Ancient Etruscan city at the mouth of the Po
431:
417:
409:
178:National Archaeological Museum of Ferrara
310:. Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 172.
255:A Companion to the Classical Greek World
228:. Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 172.
199:Colony and mother city in ancient Greece
33:
189:
1139:Archaeological sites in Emilia-Romagna
7:
77:in 1922 first officially revealed a
14:
1134:Former populated places in Italy
1104:
853:English words of Etruscan origin
727:Battle of Alalia (540 BC–535 BC)
549:
252:Konrad H. Kinzl (January 2010).
806:Corpus Inscriptionum Etruscarum
607:Etruscan names for Greek heroes
392:44.6930555556°N 12.1011111111°E
197:Graham, Alexander John (1999).
767:Battle of Lake Vadimo (310 BC)
742:Battle of the Cremera (477 BC)
1:
137:The city built a treasury in
772:Battle of Populonia (282 BC)
597:Corpus Speculorum Etruscorum
397:44.6930555556; 12.1011111111
57:at the ancient mouth of the
757:Capture of Fidenae (435 BC)
1155:
762:Battle of Veii (c. 396 BC)
752:Battle of Fidenae (437 BC)
678:Sarcophagus of the Spouses
521:Lucius Tarquinius Superbus
18:
1102:
699:Tomb of the Roaring Lions
547:
541:Titus Vestricius Spurinna
506:Lucius Tarquinius Priscus
896:National Etruscan Museum
747:Battle of Cumae (474 BC)
916:Tumulus of Montefortini
333:mysteriousetruscans.com
304:Grant, Michael (1987).
222:Grant, Michael (1987).
737:Siege of Rome (508 BC)
732:Siege of Rome (509 BC)
307:The Rise of the Greeks
225:The Rise of the Greeks
116:
43:
29:Spina (disambiguation)
27:. For other uses, see
647:Monterozzi necropolis
440:Etruscan civilization
163:Hydraulic engineering
114:
37:
979:Civita di Bagnoregio
652:Mythological figures
21:Spina (Roman circus)
848:Tyrsenian languages
777:Roman-Etruscan Wars
689:Terracotta warriors
388: /
891:Monteleone Chariot
842:Tabula Cortonensis
622:Haruspex/Extispicy
461:Villanovan culture
117:
97:aerial photography
44:
1116:
1115:
886:Impasto (pottery)
637:Liver of Piacenza
587:Chimera of Arezzo
317:978-0-684-18536-1
235:978-0-684-18536-1
1146:
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829:Lemnian language
800:Cippus Perusinus
719:Military history
553:
471:Founding of Rome
466:Padanian Etruria
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612:Tiburtine Sibyl
602:Etruscan League
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496:Caelius Vibenna
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1029:Poggio Colla
921:Vicus Tuscus
901:Negau helmet
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577:Architecture
531:Lars Porsena
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90:black market
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906:Portonaccio
881:Etruscology
481:Tyrrhenians
395: /
42:from Spina.
1123:Categories
939:Acquarossa
863:Archeology
383:12°06′04″E
380:44°41′35″N
341:Literature
208:0719057396
184:References
153:Amber Road
132:Hellenised
79:necropolis
1074:Vetulonia
1059:Tarquinia
1034:Populonia
1004:Fescennia
974:Cerveteri
931:Key sites
642:Mezentius
476:Tyrrhenus
83:Comacchio
65:Discovery
1089:Volterra
1084:Volsinii
1079:Vie Cave
1064:Tuscania
1044:Rusellae
876:Cuniculi
871:Bucchero
795:Alphabet
787:Language
672:Religion
662:Poppilia
511:Tanaquil
172:See also
75:Po River
55:Adriatic
51:Etruscan
1024:Perusia
1019:Orvieto
1014:Norchia
1009:Fidenae
999:Falerii
994:Etruria
984:Clusium
959:Bologna
954:Baratti
657:Persius
627:Jewelry
564:society
560:Culture
486:Tarchon
456:Origins
448:History
146:Bologna
73:of the
49:was an
1110:Portal
949:Aleria
704:Vegoia
632:Lausus
314:
290:
266:
232:
205:
157:Veneti
139:Delphi
1094:Vulci
1054:Spina
1039:Pyrgi
989:Cumae
964:Caere
944:Adria
709:Vulca
684:Tages
667:Raeti
592:Coins
501:Capys
121:Adria
71:delta
47:Spina
40:kylix
1069:Veii
969:Ceri
562:and
353:c.s.
312:ISBN
288:ISBN
264:ISBN
230:ISBN
203:ISBN
582:Art
148:).
134:.
1125::
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258:.
244:^
141:.
92:.
85:.
61:.
59:Po
38:A
432:e
425:t
418:v
320:.
272:.
238:.
211:.
31:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
