1909:
1607:
44:
1619:
1942:
1613:
1086:
2035:
1091:
2100:
1994:
2076:
2095:
351:
1908:
221:. The third specimen is only represented by ribs. These bones are larger than comparable parts of the largest skeletons of
43:
2069:
1618:
1606:
430:
2105:
457:
344:
2062:
1962:
1810:
1612:
1085:
2007:
1717:
1691:
272:
Olson, E.C.; Beerbower, J.R. (1953). "The San Angelo
Formation, Permian of Texas, and its vertebrates".
300:
181:
and James
Beerbower described the genus in 1953 based on three specimens that were uncovered from the
1775:
1743:
182:
125:
1090:
185:. It was named for Neil Tappen, who found the type specimen in 1951 as a member of the field party.
1833:
227:, a closely related and much better known sail-backed synapsid. Olson and Beerbower designated the
1945:
1492:
1351:
1304:
337:
38:
2012:
1432:
1405:
214:
1462:
1201:
1061:
704:
281:
178:
101:
1528:
1371:
1311:
1171:
1127:
415:
218:
206:
301:"Parallelism in the evolution of the Permian reptilian faunas of the Old and New Worlds"
2046:
1856:
1787:
1485:
1414:
1334:
1297:
1255:
1246:
998:
902:
847:
836:
793:
759:
669:
544:
442:
202:
175:
171:
30:
2089:
1930:
1799:
1558:
1471:
1421:
1391:
1381:
1318:
1178:
1136:
933:
918:
891:
870:
732:
725:
641:
245:
1935:
1925:
1889:
1749:
1706:
1680:
1542:
1478:
1283:
1269:
1262:
1185:
1157:
884:
800:
739:
683:
676:
634:
627:
620:
569:
228:
133:
1985:
1764:
1732:
1535:
1514:
1290:
1150:
1143:
1108:
1051:
1041:
969:
877:
772:
600:
578:
559:
2034:
1879:
1869:
1822:
1649:
1636:
1570:
1500:
1448:
1232:
1164:
1011:
926:
911:
821:
814:
786:
711:
697:
223:
2042:
1666:
1521:
1222:
947:
807:
718:
662:
655:
593:
523:
510:
469:
360:
88:
55:
1979:
1507:
1361:
1276:
1031:
1021:
954:
940:
863:
856:
611:
586:
390:
384:
249:
244:
to be 18 feet (5.5 m), comparing it in size with the largest of the
198:
194:
167:
75:
1999:
690:
399:
201:
including parts of the back of the skull, pieces of teeth and ribs, an
236:
in reference to its large size, and also placed it in its own family,
1839:
829:
378:
210:
65:
1956:
285:
648:
163:
1960:
1634:
1106:
508:
371:
333:
329:
2050:
1885:
1875:
1865:
1796:
1761:
1729:
1703:
1677:
1662:
1459:
1444:
1402:
1387:
1377:
1367:
1357:
1347:
1243:
1228:
1218:
1124:
1057:
1047:
1037:
1027:
1017:
1007:
769:
556:
540:
140:
1969:
1854:
1821:
1795:
1786:
1760:
1728:
1702:
1676:
1647:
1569:
1458:
1431:
1401:
1332:
1242:
1199:
1123:
996:
968:
901:
846:
768:
757:
610:
568:
555:
521:
468:
441:
414:
213:and a partial hip. The second specimen includes
2070:
345:
8:
240:. Olson later estimated the total length of
2077:
2063:
1957:
1792:
1655:
1644:
1631:
1437:
1340:
1211:
1207:
1120:
1116:
1103:
993:
778:
765:
565:
533:
529:
518:
505:
447:
420:
411:
368:
352:
338:
330:
20:
209:, three neural spines, the ends of both
261:
2101:Guadalupian synapsids of North America
267:
265:
7:
2031:
2029:
162:("Tappen's lizard") is an extinct
14:
252:that lived later in the Permian.
2033:
1941:
1940:
1907:
1617:
1611:
1605:
1089:
1084:
42:
1:
2049:. You can help Knowledge by
2096:Prehistoric synapsid genera
248:, a more advanced group of
2122:
2028:
16:Extinct genus of synapsids
1920:
1905:
1658:
1643:
1630:
1603:
1440:
1343:
1214:
1210:
1119:
1115:
1102:
1082:
992:
781:
536:
532:
517:
504:
450:
423:
410:
367:
150:Olson and Beerbower, 1953
139:
132:
39:Scientific classification
37:
23:
193:The first specimen (the
2045:-related article is a
274:The Journal of Geology
2008:Paleobiology Database
124:Olson and Beerbower,
1971:Tappenosaurus magnus
299:Olson, E.C. (1955).
233:Tappenosaurus magnus
183:San Angelo Formation
145:Tappenosaurus magnus
197:) is a fragmentary
174:of Texas. American
215:cervical vertebrae
2058:
2057:
2023:
2022:
1963:Taxon identifiers
1954:
1953:
1916:
1915:
1903:
1902:
1899:
1898:
1850:
1849:
1626:
1625:
1601:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1433:Sphenacodontoidea
1406:Palaeohatteriidae
1328:
1327:
1195:
1194:
1098:
1097:
1080:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1072:
1071:
988:
987:
964:
963:
753:
752:
749:
748:
500:
499:
496:
495:
492:
491:
488:
487:
155:
154:
128:
2113:
2079:
2072:
2065:
2037:
2030:
2016:
2015:
2003:
2002:
1990:
1989:
1988:
1958:
1944:
1943:
1911:
1887:
1877:
1867:
1798:
1793:
1763:
1731:
1705:
1679:
1664:
1656:
1645:
1632:
1621:
1615:
1609:
1463:Sphenacodontidae
1461:
1446:
1438:
1404:
1389:
1379:
1369:
1359:
1349:
1341:
1245:
1230:
1220:
1212:
1208:
1202:Haptodontiformes
1126:
1121:
1117:
1104:
1093:
1088:
1062:Protoclepsydrops
1059:
1049:
1039:
1029:
1019:
1009:
994:
779:
771:
766:
705:Lalieudorhynchus
566:
558:
542:
534:
530:
519:
506:
448:
421:
412:
405:
404:
369:
354:
347:
340:
331:
324:
323:
321:
319:
296:
290:
289:
269:
179:Everett C. Olson
142:
123:
116:
105:
102:Sphenacodontidae
100:
47:
46:
29:Temporal range:
21:
2121:
2120:
2116:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2111:
2110:
2086:
2085:
2084:
2083:
2026:
2024:
2019:
2011:
2006:
1998:
1993:
1984:
1983:
1978:
1965:
1955:
1950:
1912:
1895:
1846:
1817:
1782:
1756:
1724:
1698:
1672:
1652:
1639:
1622:
1585:
1565:
1529:Secodontosaurus
1454:
1427:
1397:
1372:Hypselohaptodus
1337:
1324:
1312:Remigiomontanus
1238:
1204:
1191:
1172:Stereophallodon
1128:Ophiacodontidae
1111:
1094:
1068:
984:
960:
897:
842:
762:
745:
606:
551:
526:
513:
484:
464:
437:
431:Tetrapodomorpha
416:Tetrapodomorpha
406:
374:
373:
363:
358:
328:
327:
317:
315:
298:
297:
293:
271:
270:
263:
258:
238:Tappenosauridae
219:scapulocoracoid
217:, a rib, and a
207:dorsal vertebra
191:
176:paleontologists
151:
148:
122:
114:
103:
98:
41:
33:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2119:
2117:
2109:
2108:
2106:Synapsid stubs
2103:
2098:
2088:
2087:
2082:
2081:
2074:
2067:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2038:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2017:
2004:
1991:
1975:
1973:
1967:
1966:
1961:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1948:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1921:
1918:
1917:
1914:
1913:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1893:
1883:
1873:
1862:
1860:
1857:Incertae sedis
1852:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1844:
1843:
1842:
1836:
1827:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1815:
1814:
1813:
1804:
1802:
1790:
1788:Eutheriodontia
1784:
1783:
1781:
1780:
1779:
1778:
1769:
1767:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1754:
1753:
1752:
1746:
1737:
1735:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1722:
1721:
1720:
1711:
1709:
1700:
1699:
1697:
1696:
1695:
1694:
1685:
1683:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1670:
1659:
1653:
1648:
1641:
1640:
1635:
1628:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1595:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1583:
1582:
1581:
1575:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1563:
1555:
1547:
1539:
1532:
1525:
1518:
1511:
1504:
1497:
1489:
1486:Ctenospondylus
1482:
1475:
1467:
1465:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1452:
1441:
1435:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1425:
1418:
1415:Palaeohatteria
1410:
1408:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1395:
1385:
1375:
1365:
1355:
1344:
1338:
1335:Sphenacodontia
1333:
1330:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1322:
1315:
1308:
1301:
1298:Melanedaphodon
1294:
1287:
1280:
1273:
1266:
1259:
1256:Bohemiclavulus
1251:
1249:
1247:Edaphosauridae
1240:
1239:
1237:
1236:
1226:
1215:
1205:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1189:
1182:
1175:
1168:
1161:
1154:
1147:
1140:
1132:
1130:
1113:
1112:
1107:
1100:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1067:
1066:
1055:
1045:
1035:
1025:
1015:
1004:
1002:
999:Incertae sedis
990:
989:
986:
985:
983:
982:
981:
980:
974:
972:
966:
965:
962:
961:
959:
958:
951:
944:
937:
930:
923:
915:
907:
905:
903:Varanodontinae
899:
898:
896:
895:
888:
881:
874:
867:
860:
852:
850:
848:Mesenosaurinae
844:
843:
841:
840:
837:Thrausmosaurus
833:
826:
818:
811:
804:
797:
794:Archaeovenator
790:
782:
776:
763:
760:Eupelycosauria
758:
755:
754:
751:
750:
747:
746:
744:
743:
736:
729:
722:
715:
708:
701:
694:
687:
680:
673:
670:Cotylorhynchus
666:
659:
652:
645:
638:
631:
624:
616:
614:
608:
607:
605:
604:
597:
590:
583:
574:
572:
563:
553:
552:
550:
549:
545:Diadectomorpha
537:
527:
522:
515:
514:
509:
502:
501:
498:
497:
494:
493:
490:
489:
486:
485:
483:
482:
481:
480:
474:
472:
466:
465:
463:
462:
461:
460:
458:Reptiliomorpha
451:
445:
443:Reptiliomorpha
439:
438:
436:
435:
434:
433:
424:
418:
408:
407:
403:
402:
393:
387:
381:
372:
365:
364:
359:
357:
356:
349:
342:
334:
326:
325:
291:
286:10.1086/626109
280:(5): 389–423.
260:
259:
257:
254:
246:dinocephalians
190:
187:
172:Middle Permian
153:
152:
149:
137:
136:
130:
129:
112:
108:
107:
96:
92:
91:
86:
79:
78:
73:
69:
68:
63:
59:
58:
53:
49:
48:
35:
34:
31:Middle Permian
28:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2118:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2080:
2075:
2073:
2068:
2066:
2061:
2060:
2054:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2039:
2036:
2032:
2027:
2014:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1996:
1992:
1987:
1981:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1959:
1947:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1931:Phthinosuchia
1929:
1927:
1923:
1922:
1919:
1910:
1892:
1891:
1884:
1882:
1881:
1874:
1872:
1871:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1858:
1853:
1841:
1837:
1835:
1831:
1830:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1820:
1812:
1811:Therocephalia
1808:
1807:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1800:Therocephalia
1794:
1791:
1789:
1785:
1777:
1773:
1772:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1759:
1751:
1747:
1745:
1741:
1740:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1727:
1719:
1715:
1714:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1701:
1693:
1689:
1688:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1675:
1669:
1668:
1661:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1633:
1629:
1620:
1616:
1614:
1608:
1579:
1578:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1568:
1561:
1560:
1559:Tetraceratops
1556:
1553:
1552:
1551:Tappenosaurus
1548:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1538:
1537:
1533:
1531:
1530:
1526:
1524:
1523:
1519:
1517:
1516:
1512:
1510:
1509:
1505:
1503:
1502:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1481:
1480:
1476:
1474:
1473:
1472:Cryptovenator
1469:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1457:
1451:
1450:
1443:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1422:Pantelosaurus
1419:
1417:
1416:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1400:
1394:
1393:
1392:Tetraceratops
1386:
1384:
1383:
1382:Kenomagnathus
1376:
1374:
1373:
1366:
1364:
1363:
1356:
1354:
1353:
1346:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1331:
1321:
1320:
1319:Xyrospondylus
1316:
1314:
1313:
1309:
1307:
1306:
1302:
1300:
1299:
1295:
1293:
1292:
1288:
1286:
1285:
1281:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1265:
1264:
1260:
1258:
1257:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1227:
1225:
1224:
1217:
1216:
1213:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1198:
1188:
1187:
1183:
1181:
1180:
1179:Stereorhachis
1176:
1174:
1173:
1169:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1160:
1159:
1155:
1153:
1152:
1148:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1139:
1138:
1137:Archaeothyris
1134:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1105:
1101:
1092:
1087:
1064:
1063:
1056:
1054:
1053:
1046:
1044:
1043:
1036:
1034:
1033:
1026:
1024:
1023:
1016:
1014:
1013:
1006:
1005:
1003:
1001:
1000:
995:
991:
978:
977:
976:
975:
973:
971:
967:
957:
956:
952:
950:
949:
945:
943:
942:
938:
936:
935:
934:Tambacarnifex
931:
929:
928:
924:
921:
920:
919:Mycterosaurus
916:
914:
913:
909:
908:
906:
904:
900:
894:
893:
892:Microvaranops
889:
887:
886:
882:
880:
879:
875:
873:
872:
871:Elliotsmithia
868:
866:
865:
861:
859:
858:
854:
853:
851:
849:
845:
839:
838:
834:
832:
831:
827:
824:
823:
819:
817:
816:
812:
810:
809:
805:
803:
802:
798:
796:
795:
791:
789:
788:
784:
783:
780:
777:
774:
767:
764:
761:
756:
742:
741:
737:
735:
734:
733:Ruthenosaurus
730:
728:
727:
726:Phreatophasma
723:
721:
720:
716:
714:
713:
709:
707:
706:
702:
700:
699:
695:
693:
692:
688:
686:
685:
681:
679:
678:
674:
672:
671:
667:
665:
664:
660:
658:
657:
653:
651:
650:
646:
644:
643:
642:Callibrachion
639:
637:
636:
632:
630:
629:
625:
623:
622:
618:
617:
615:
613:
609:
603:
602:
598:
596:
595:
591:
589:
588:
584:
581:
580:
576:
575:
573:
571:
567:
564:
561:
554:
547:
546:
539:
538:
535:
531:
528:
525:
520:
516:
512:
507:
503:
478:
477:
476:
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473:
471:
467:
459:
455:
454:
453:
452:
449:
446:
444:
440:
432:
428:
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409:
401:
397:
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388:
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355:
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336:
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332:
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310:
306:
302:
295:
292:
287:
283:
279:
275:
268:
266:
262:
255:
253:
251:
247:
243:
242:Tappenosaurus
239:
235:
234:
230:
226:
225:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
203:axis vertebra
200:
196:
188:
186:
184:
180:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
160:
159:Tappenosaurus
147:
146:
138:
135:
131:
127:
121:
120:
119:Tappenosaurus
113:
110:
109:
106:
97:
94:
93:
90:
87:
84:
81:
80:
77:
74:
71:
70:
67:
64:
61:
60:
57:
54:
51:
50:
45:
40:
36:
32:
26:
25:Tappenosaurus
22:
19:
2051:expanding it
2040:
2025:
1970:
1936:Theriodontia
1926:Pelycosauria
1890:Niaftasuchus
1888:
1878:
1868:
1855:
1718:Dinocephalia
1707:Dinocephalia
1692:Biarmosuchia
1681:Biarmosuchia
1665:
1610:
1557:
1550:
1549:
1543:Steppesaurus
1541:
1534:
1527:
1520:
1513:
1506:
1499:
1491:
1484:
1479:Ctenorhachis
1477:
1470:
1447:
1420:
1413:
1390:
1380:
1370:
1360:
1350:
1317:
1310:
1303:
1296:
1289:
1284:Ianthasaurus
1282:
1275:
1270:Glaucosaurus
1268:
1263:Edaphosaurus
1261:
1254:
1231:
1221:
1186:Varanosaurus
1184:
1177:
1170:
1163:
1158:Echinerpeton
1156:
1149:
1142:
1135:
1060:
1050:
1040:
1030:
1020:
1010:
997:
953:
946:
939:
932:
925:
917:
910:
890:
885:Mesenosaurus
883:
876:
869:
862:
855:
835:
828:
820:
813:
806:
801:Ascendonanus
799:
792:
785:
740:Trichasaurus
738:
731:
724:
717:
710:
703:
696:
689:
684:Ennatosaurus
682:
677:Datheosaurus
675:
668:
661:
654:
647:
640:
635:Arisierpeton
633:
628:Angelosaurus
626:
621:Alierasaurus
619:
599:
592:
585:
577:
570:Eothyrididae
543:
395:
389:Superclass:
316:. Retrieved
312:
308:
304:
294:
277:
273:
241:
237:
232:
231:
229:type species
222:
192:
158:
157:
156:
144:
143:
134:Type species
118:
117:
82:
24:
18:
1776:Gorgonopsia
1765:Gorgonopsia
1750:dicynodonts
1744:Anomodontia
1733:Anomodontia
1536:Sphenacodon
1515:Macromerion
1305:Ramodendron
1291:Lupeosaurus
1151:Clepsydrops
1144:Baldwinonus
1109:Metopophora
1052:Mastersonia
1042:Knoxosaurus
970:Metopophora
878:Heleosaurus
773:Varanopidae
601:Vaughnictis
579:Asaphestera
560:Caseasauria
318:8 September
189:Description
2090:Categories
1924:See also:
1880:Kamagorgon
1870:Dinosaurus
1834:Cynodontia
1823:Cynodontia
1650:Therapsida
1637:Therapsida
1580:see below↓
1571:Therapsida
1501:Dimetrodon
1449:Shashajaia
1233:Milosaurus
1165:Ophiacodon
1012:Dimacrodon
979:see below↓
927:Ruthiromia
912:Aerosaurus
822:Nitosaurus
815:Dendromaia
787:Apsisaurus
712:Martensius
698:Euromycter
479:see below↓
256:References
224:Dimetrodon
2043:Synapsida
1986:Q16612235
1838:includes
1748:includes
1667:Raranimus
1522:Neosaurus
1223:Ianthodon
948:Varanodon
808:Eoscansor
719:Oromycter
663:Caseopsis
656:Caseoides
594:Oedaleops
524:Synapsida
511:Synapsida
470:Synapsida
391:Tetrapoda
377:Kingdom:
361:Synapsida
305:Fieldiana
250:synapsids
170:from the
168:synapsids
104: (?)
89:Synapsida
62:Kingdom:
56:Eukaryota
1980:Wikidata
1946:Category
1508:Eosyodon
1493:Cutleria
1362:Haptodus
1352:Cutleria
1277:Gordodon
1032:Gorgodon
1022:Driveria
955:Watongia
941:Varanops
864:Cabarzia
857:Anningia
612:Caseidae
587:Eothyris
385:Chordata
383:Phylum:
379:Animalia
199:skeleton
195:holotype
95:Family:
76:Chordata
72:Phylum:
66:Animalia
52:Domain:
2000:4975417
1840:mammals
691:Eocasea
400:Amniota
111:Genus:
2013:136987
830:Pyozia
311:(13):
211:humeri
2041:This
649:Casea
396:Clade
164:genus
83:Clade
2047:stub
1995:GBIF
1832:see
1809:see
1774:see
1742:see
1716:see
1690:see
456:see
429:see
320:2022
205:, a
126:1953
313:395
282:doi
166:of
2092::
2010::
1997::
1982::
398::
309:37
307:.
303:.
278:61
276:.
264:^
85::
2078:e
2071:t
2064:v
2053:.
1886:†
1876:†
1866:†
1797:†
1762:†
1730:†
1704:†
1678:†
1663:†
1562:?
1554:?
1546:?
1496:?
1460:†
1445:†
1403:†
1388:†
1378:†
1368:†
1358:†
1348:†
1244:†
1229:†
1219:†
1125:†
1065:?
1058:†
1048:†
1038:†
1028:†
1018:†
1008:†
922:?
825:?
775:?
770:†
582:?
562:?
557:†
548:?
541:†
353:e
346:t
339:v
322:.
288:.
284::
141:†
115:†
99:†
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