Template:Cite press release

872:{{cite press release | last1 = | first1 = | author-link1 = | last2 = | first2 = | author-link2 = | last3 = | first3 = | author-link3 = | last4 = | first4 = | author-link4 = | last5 = | first5 = | author-link5 = | display-authors = | author-mask = | name-list-style = | date = | year = | editor1-last = | editor1-first = | editor1-link = | editor2-last = | editor2-first = | editor2-link = | editor3-last = | editor3-first = | editor3-link = | editor4-last = | editor4-first = | editor4-link = | editor5-last = | editor5-first = | editor5-link = | display-editors = | title = | trans-title = | url = | url-status = | format = | type = | language = | others = | location = | publisher = | agency = | page = | pages = | at = | id = | archive-url = | archive-date = | access-date = | via = | quote = | postscript = | ref = }} 882: or use |last= or use |first= or use |author-link= or use |editor-last= or use |editor-first= or use |editor-link= |url-status=live if pre-archiving a url; |url-status=dead if url is dead For non-HTML formats e.g. PDF, XLS, DOC, PPT etc. Omit this parameter - "Press release" displays automatically Spanish, Chinese, Russian, Portuguese, etc. Illustrator or other contributor type and name Location named at the beginning of a press release e.g. Omaha, Nebraska The organization that published the press release Page number of relevant information; if populated can not use |pages or |at Pages of relevant information; if populated can not use |page or |at Placement of relevant information; if populated can not use |page or |pages Date the main url was archived Used in HARV and SFN referencing styles 789:{{cite press release |last1= |first1= |author-link1= |last2= |first2= |author-link2= |last3= |first3= |author-link3= |last4= |first4= |author-link4= |last5= |first5= |author-link5= |display-authors= |author-mask= |name-list-style= |date= |year= |editor1-last= |editor1-first= |editor1-link= |editor2-last= |editor2-first= |editor2-link= |editor3-last= |editor3-first= |editor3-link= |editor4-last= |editor4-first= |editor4-link= |editor5-last= |editor5-first= |editor5-link= |display-editors= |title= |trans-title= |url= |url-status= |format= |type=Press release |language= |others= |location= |publisher= |agency= |page= |pages= |at= |id= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |via= |quote= |postscript= |ref=}} 877: last1 last1 last2 last2 last3 last3 last4 last4 last5 editor1-last editor2-last editor2-last editor3-last editor3-last editor4-last editor4-last editor5-last title archive-url url archive-date archive-url url 979:{{cite press release |author= |title=Burberry Uses iPhone 5s To Capture Spring / Summer 2014 Runway Show |url=http://www.burberryplc.com/media_centre/press_releases/2013/burberry-uses-iphone-5s-to-capture-spring--summer-2014-runway-show |url-status=live |location=Cupertino, California and London |publisher=Burberry Group |date=September 13, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022112607/http://www.burberryplc.com/media_centre/press_releases/2013/burberry-uses-iphone-5s-to-capture-spring--summer-2014-runway-show |archive-date=October 22, 2013 |access-date=November 15, 2013}} 1013:{{cite press release |author= |title=General Motors de México Refuerza Su Compromiso con el Medio Ambiente y Realiza un Año Más Actividades de Reforestación |trans-title=General Motors of Mexico Marks Its Commitment to the Environment and Marks One Year of Reforestation Activities |url=http://media.gm.com/content/media/mk/en/chevrolet/news.detail.html/content/Pages/news/mx/es/2013/Aug/0820-reforestacion.html |language=Spanish |location=Mexico City, Mexico |publisher=General Motors Company |date=August 20, 2013 |access-date=October 16, 2013}} 1043:{{cite press release |last1=Thompson |first1=Walter |last2=Mittlebrun |first2=Angela |date=June 15, 1990 |title=Das Internet ist selbstverständlich nicht auf Fang |trans-title=The Internet Will Not Catch On |url=http://forschungsinstitut.de/internet.html |format=PDF |language=German |location=Bonn, Germany |publisher=Forschungs Institut Stiftung |access-date=August 17, 2012 |via=] |url-access=subscription |quote=Internet-Nutzung wird erwartet, dass für den Rest des Jahrzehnts zurückgehen.}}{{dead link|date=May 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} 21: 5483: 5339: 2847:(e.g. a website, book, encyclopedia, newspaper, magazine, journal, etc.). If the name of the publisher changed over time, use the name as stated in the publication or used at the time of the source's publication. Corporate designations such as "Ltd", "Inc.", or "GmbH" are not usually included. Not normally used for periodicals. Omit where the publisher's name is substantially the same as the name of the work (for example, The New York Times Co. publishes 97: 5474: 5328: 59: 5492: 5350: 2865:, the location where the story was written. If the name of the location changed over time, use the name as stated in the publication or used at the time of the source's publication. In earlier versions of the template this was the publication place, and for compatibility, will be treated as the publication place if the publication-place parameter is absent; see that parameter for further information. Alias: 2449:: Provides additional information about the media type of the source. May alternatively be used to identify the type of manuscript linked to in the title, if this is not the final version of a manuscript (e.g. if a preprint of a manuscript is freely available, but the version of record is behind a paywall). Format in sentence case. Displays in parentheses following the title. The reserved keyword 5290:. As a courtesy to readers and other editors, editors should signal restrictions on access to material provided via the external links included in a citation. These levels describe requirements or constraints related to accessing and viewing the cited material; they are not intended to indicate the ability to reuse, or the copyright status, of the material, since that status is not relevant to 5696: 5309: 949:{{cite press release |author= |title=Sprint 4G LTE Lights Up in 11 New Cities and Counties in Indiana, Kansas, Maryland, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Virginia and West Virginia |url=http://newsroom.sprint.com/article_display.cfm?article_id=2468 |location=Overland Park, Kansas |publisher=Sprint Nextel |date=November 26, 2012 |access-date=November 28, 2012}} 847:{{cite press release | last1 = | first1 = | last2 = | first2 = | date = | title = | trans-title = | url = | url-status = | format = | language = | location = | publisher = | agency = | archive-url = | archive-date = | access-date = | via = | quote = }} 127: 2524:: Date of referenced source. Can be full date (day, month, and year) or partial date (month and year, season and year, or year). Use same format as other publication dates in the citations. Do not wikilink. Displays after the authors and is enclosed in parentheses. If there is no author, then displays after the website and publisher. 3434:: Archive-service snapshot-date; preceded in display by default text "archived from the original on". Use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations. This does not necessarily have to be the same format that was used for citing publication dates. Do not wikilink; templated dates are discouraged. See 5426:

are presumed to be free-to-read. When they are not free-to-read, editors should mark those sources with the matching access-indicator parameter so that an appropriate icon is included in the rendered citation. Because the sources linked by these URL-holding parameters are presumed to be free-to-read,

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Note: This table of metadata is displayed in the documentation of all Citation Style 1 templates. Not all of these parameters are supported by every CS1 template. Some of these parameters are mutually exclusive, some are aliases of another parameter, and some require other parameters to be present. A

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fields; volume numbers should be entered just as a numeral (e.g. 37). Volume values that are wholly digits, wholly uppercase Roman numerals, or fewer than five characters will appear in bold. Any alphanumeric value of five or more characters will not appear in bold. In rare cases, publications carry

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Hyphens in the ISBN are optional, but preferred. Use the ISBN actually printed on or in the book. Use the 13-digit ISBN – beginning with 978 or 979 – when it is available. If only a 10-digit ISBN is printed on or in the book, use it. ISBNs can be found on the page with the publisher's information –

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Links inserted by named identifiers are presumed to lie behind a paywall or registration barrier – exceptions listed below. When they are free-to-read, editors should mark those sources with the matching access-indicator parameter so that an appropriate icon is included in the rendered citation.

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ID for anchor, overrides the default anchor. A nonempty value |ref=ID generates an anchor with the given ID; such a linkable reference can be made the target of wikilinks to full references, especially useful in short citations like shortened notes and parenthetical referencing. See anchors for

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In very rare cases, identifiers are published which do not follow their defined standard format or use non-conforming checksums. These would typically cause an error message to be shown. Do not alter them to match a different checksum. In order to suppress the error message, some identifiers

2491:. Do not use templates or wikilinks. Displays in parentheses with "in" before the language name or names. When the only source language is English, no language is displayed in the citation. The use of languages recognized by the citation module adds the page to the appropriate subcategory of 6384:

Full date when original URL was accessed; use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations; do not wikilink. Not required for web pages or linked documents that do not change; mainly of use for web pages that change frequently or have no publication date.

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Single apostrophes do not need to be encoded; however, unencoded multiples will be parsed as italic or bold markup. Single curly closing braces also do not need to be encoded; however, an unencoded pair will be parsed as the double closing braces for the template transclusion.

918:{{cite press release |last=Roithmayr |first=Mark |date=February 5, 2007 |title=Autism Speaks and Cure Autism Now Complete Merger |url=http://autismspeaks.org/press/autism_speaks_can_complete.php |location=New York |publisher=Autism Speaks |access-date=November 19, 2007}} 819: 3991:

The following identifiers create links and are designed to accept a single value. Using multiple values or other text will break the link and/or invalidate the identifier. In general, the parameters should include only the variable part of the identifier, e.g.

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will be used as (linked) text. In either case, you must still include the values for all names for metadata purposes. Primarily intended for use with bibliographies or bibliography styles where multiple works by a single author are listed sequentially such as

706:, which are acceptable for use). Use the "|" (pipe) character between each parameter. Unused parameters may be deleted to avoid clutter in the edit window. Some samples on this documentation page may include the current date. If the date is not current, then 5077:); terminal punctuation is omitted; where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are not capitalized ('retrieved...'). These styles correspond to Citation Style 1 and Citation Style 2 respectively. To override default terminal punctuation use 831:{{cite press release | last = | first = | title = | url = | url-status = | location = | publisher = | agency = | date = | archive-url = | archive-date = | access-date = }} 4335:. Do not convert a 10-digit ISBN to 13-digit by just adding the 978 prefix; the last digit is a calculated check digit and just making changes to the numbers will make the ISBN invalid. This parameter should hold only the ISBN without 5942:

This Citation Style 1 template is used to create citations to press releases. N.B. Parameters have been provided for up to 3 authors; however, additional parameters up to 'last9', 'first9' and 'author-link9' can be added manually as

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Examples: page (p.) or pages (pp.); section (sec.), column (col.), paragraph (para.); track; hours, minutes and seconds; act, scene, canto, book, part, folio, stanza, back cover, liner notes, indicia, colophon, dust jacket,

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Controls the number of author (or other kind of contributor) names that are displayed. By default, all authors are displayed. To change the displayed number of names, set the parameter to the desired number. For example,

839:{{cite press release | last = | first = | date = | title = | trans-title = | url = | language = | location = | agency = | publisher = | access-date = }} 4339:

additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens, with "X" permitted as the last character in a 10-digit ISBN – and the proper check digit. Aliases:

2982:) presents the source in a format different from the original, when the URL provided does not make clear the identity of the deliverer, where no URL or DOI is available (EBSCO), or if the deliverer requests attribution. 770:{{cite press release |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date= |title= |trans-title= |url= |url-status= |format= |language= |via= |location= |publisher= |agency= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |via= |quote=}} 6008:

Full date of source being referenced in the same format as other publication dates in the citations. Do not wikilink. Displays after the authors and enclosed in parentheses. If there is no author, then displays after

1023:[General Motors of Mexico Marks Its Commitment to the Environment and Marks One Year of Reforestation Activities] (Press release) (in Spanish). Mexico City, Mexico: General Motors Company. August 20, 2013 2750:: date format; sets rendered dates to the specified format; does not support date ranges or seasonal dates; overrides the automatic date formatting described above. Accepts one value which may be one of these: 823:{{cite press release | author =  | title = | url = | format = | location = | publisher = | agency = | date = | access-date = }} 5788:

Some named-identifiers are always free-to-read. For those named identifiers there are no access-indicator parameters; the access level is automatically indicated by the template. These named identifiers are:

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usually the back of the title page – or beneath the barcode as a number beginning with 978 or 979 (barcodes beginning with any other numbers are not ISBNs). For sources with the older 9-digit SBN system, use

4894:: Relevant text quoted from the source. Displays enclosed in quotes. When supplied, the citation terminator (a period by default) is suppressed, so the quote must include terminating punctuation. If 990: 1194:

Use of templates within the citation template is discouraged because many of these templates will add extraneous HTML or CSS that will be included raw in the metadata. Also, HTML entities, for example

4916:: Original quotation for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc.); not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined in 6147:

Relevant text quoted from the source. Displays enclosed in quotes. When supplied, the citation terminator (a period by default) is suppressed, so the quote needs to include terminating punctuation.

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When the sources linked by these named-identifier parameters are not presumed to carry a free-to-read full text (for instance because they're just abstracting services), they may not be marked as

2332:: Original title for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc.); not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined in 3631:; for example: DOC or XLS; displayed in parentheses after the archive link. HTML is implied and should not be specified. PDF is auto-detected and should not be specified. Does not change the 6408:

When the URL is still live, but preemptively archived, then set |url-status=live. This changes the display order with the title retaining the original link and the archive linked at the end.

2882:. Displays after the title. If the name of the publication place changed over time, use the name as stated in the publication or used at the time of the source's publication. If only one of 665: 3613:– Editors may encounter this value which is left behind by a bot that has visited the reference and wasn't able to determine the status of the url. The page will be automatically placed in 812:{{cite press release | last = | first = | date = | title = | url = | location = | publisher = | agency = | access-date = }} 5269:

empty is the same as omitting it, but is ambiguous. Additional text, or templates that render more than a single terminating punctuation character, will generate a maintenance message.

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A two author press release that you quote and archive, is written in a foreign language and has been re-published as a PDF on an information aggregation service requiring a subscription

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Date when the original URL was archived. Use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations; do not wikilink. Displays preceded by 'archived from the original on'.

7612: 7567: 7345: 7340: 1765:: this parameter is used to hold the name of an organizational author (e.g. a committee) or the complete name (first and last) of a single person; for the latter, prefer the use of 3139:, but not both. Separate using an en dash (–); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,); do not use to indicate the total number of pages in the source. Displays preceded by 2495:. Because cs1|2 templates are often copied from en.wiki to other wikis, the use of language codes is preferred so that language names render in the correct language and form, e.g. 2671: 7552: 3614: 7173: 3687:; thus, they do not add file format information for the visually impaired. (This is not a concern with PDF, because the auto-detection will add "(PDF)" as descriptive text.) 3639:; thus, they do not add file format information for the visually impaired. (This is not a concern with PDF, because the auto-detection will add "(PDF)" as descriptive text.) 7540: 7335: 7066: 640: 36: 6194:

If not English, the language the source is written in. Displays in parentheses with 'in' before the language name. Use the full language name; do not use icons or templates.

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is defined. Hyphens are automatically converted to en dashes; if hyphens are appropriate because individual page numbers contain hyphens, for example: pp. 3-1–3-15, use

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no longer serves its original intent, particularly when the domain has been (mis)appropriated by other entities, such as vice, reseller and advertising sites; links to

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English translation of the title if the source cited is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets after title. Use of the language parameter is recommended.

5334:: a free registration with the provider is required to access the source, even if a limited preview, abstract or review may still be available without registration 5148:

to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, "with". The numeric value 0 is a special case to be used in conjunction with

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when this value is present, and per the instructions in that category, editors manually evaluate the state of the URL and change the parameter value appropriately.

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Name of publisher. Not normally included for periodicals. Corporate designations such as 'Ltd', 'Inc' or 'GmbH' are not usually included. Displays after title.

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additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens – and the proper check digit. Aliases:

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Publication dates in references within an article should all have the same format. This may be a different format from that used for archive and access dates.

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To cite and quote an archived, two-author, foreign language press release re-published as a PDF on an information aggregation service requiring a subscription

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To cite and quote an archived, two-author, foreign language press release re-published as a PDF on an information aggregation service requiring a subscription

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Hyphens are automatically converted to en dashes; if hyphens are appropriate because individual page numbers contain hyphens, for example: pp. 3-1–3-15, use

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or similar as there is no control of the order in which references are displayed. Mask parameters can take an enumerator in the name of the parameter (e.g.

750:{{cite press release |last= |first= |date= |title= |url= |url-status= |location= |publisher= |agency= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2024-09-17}} 7185: 5431:. If the registration/limited/subscription access to the source goes dead and is no longer available, then remove the access-indicator parameter and add 7391: 7259: 6641: 7163: 2298:

may be used to add an external link, but not both. Displays in quotation marks. For titles containing quotation marks, convert regular quotation marks (

4811:). If the problem is down to a mere typographical error in a third-party source, correct the identifier value instead of overriding the error message. 651: 40: 7350: 5366:

As there are often multiple external links with different access levels in the same citation, each value is attributed to a specific external link.

3036:: When the publication has more than one edition; for example: "2nd", "Revised", and so forth. Appends the string " ed." after the field, so 5862: 3112:), otherwise several editors and semi-automated tools will assume this was a misuse of the parameter to indicate a page range and will convert 7495: 7123: 3908: 3396: 2054:

Free-form list of author names; use of this parameter is discouraged because it does not contribute to a citation's metadata; not an alias of

7562: 7085: 4037: 2492: 957:"Sprint 4G LTE Lights Up in 11 New Cities and Counties in Indiana, Kansas, Maryland, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Virginia and West Virginia" 75: 7477: 7396: 4407: 4254: 2874:: Geographical place of publication; generally not wikilinked; omit when the name of the work includes the publication place, for example, 760:{{cite press release |last= |first= |date= |title= |trans-title= |url= |language= |location= |publisher= |agency= |access-date=2024-09-17}} 3844:

Access-date and archive-date in references should all have the same format – either the format used for publication dates, or YYYY-MM-DD.

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Where aliases are listed, only one of the parameters may be defined; if multiple aliased parameters are defined, then only one will show.

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The date of a Web page, PDF, etc. with no visible date can sometimes be established by searching the page source or document code for a

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or spaces in the ISMN are optional. Use the ISMN actually printed on or in the work. This parameter should hold only the ISMN without

4311: 633: 5896: 5877: 5846: 4361: – if you are unsure of how any particular ISBN should be hyphenated, as the pattern varies by country and publisher. 7158: 7116: 740:{{cite press release |author= |title= |url= |location= |publisher= |agency= |date= |access-date=2024-09-17}} 7401: 4847:

are not used to specify a different link target. This behaviour can be overridden by one out of a number of special keywords for

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target full citations using the year specified in this parameter. A lowercase letter may be suffixed to the year to disambiguate

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is wikilinked. If applicable, the link may point to the specific page(s) referenced. Remove tracking parameters from URLs, e.g.

7575: 7530: 7355: 5925: 4937:: English translation of the quotation if the source quoted is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets. Alias: none. 4711: 572: 28: 7269: 3741: 7330: 7317: 6634: 3322:

to provide neutral search links for books. Invalid URLs, including those containing spaces, will result in an error message.

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links to multiple works by the same author in the same year, unless the date is formatted as YYYY-MM-DD. In the latter case,

48: 7307: 7211: 112: 7254: 5286:

Citations of online sources that require registration or a subscription are acceptable in Knowledge (XXG) as documented in

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URL of an online location where the text of the publication can be found. Use of the access-date parameter is recommended.

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The URL of an archived copy of a web page, if or in case the url becomes unavailable. Requires parameter 'archive-date'.

4048:. Because this link favours one specific distributor, include it only if standard identifiers are not available. Example 2195:: Title of existing Knowledge (XXG) article about the translator—not the translator's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: 1021:"General Motors de México Refuerza Su Compromiso con el Medio Ambiente y Realiza un Año Más Actividades de Reforestación" 7009: 5061:: Sets element separator, default terminal punctuation, and certain capitalization according to the value provided. For 203: 7297: 7284: 7216: 7201: 5241:

will display only the first two authors in a citation (and not affect the display of the other kinds of contributors).

3679:.) HTML is implied and should not be specified. PDF is auto-detected and should not be specified. Does not change the 144: 7231: 7180: 4879: 3904: 2269: 104: 698:

Copy a blank version to use. Almost all parameter names are supported only in lower case (some initialisms, such as

7099: 6767: 6711: 3052:: When the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal, where the issue numbering has restarted. 2353:: English translation of the title if the source cited is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets after 385: 305: 7153: 7139: 730:{{cite press release |last= |first= |date= |title= |url= |location= |publisher= |agency= |access-date=2024-09-17}} 6879: 6627: 4209: 2272:

styles with templates, do not use multiple names in one field, or else the anchor will not match the inline link.

1929:: Title of existing Knowledge (XXG) article about the author—not the author's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: 583: 5921: 5913: 4257:

for the electronic media of a serial publication; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a

108: 7302: 6683: 5166: 3680: 3632: 3407: 2666: 2536: 2265: 273: 6532:

Title of existing Knowledge (XXG) article about the second author—not the author's website; do not wikilink.

3015:. Do not use for sources published on the agency's own website; e.g. apnews.com or reuters.com; instead, use 2368:

Titles containing certain characters will not display and link correctly unless those characters are encoded.

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Title of existing Knowledge (XXG) article about the third author—not the author's website; do not wikilink.

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Title of existing Knowledge (XXG) article about the first author—not the author's website; do not wikilink.

452: 337: 254: 79: 6998: 6753: 6697: 5917: 5900: 3449: 3441: 3367: 3359: 2732: 2724: 2638: 2630: 2467:: The language (or a comma-separated list of the languages) in which the source is written, as either the 369: 289: 187: 3576: 3305: 1215:

full list of this template's supported parameters, their aliases, and their dependencies is shown in the

7371: 7244: 7239: 7031: 7020: 6965: 6943: 6739: 6650: 5888:. If there are multiple journals with the same DOI prefix, they can be grouped together with the format 5027: 4921: 4833: 4815: 4796: 3946: 3690: 3642: 3150: 3069:

both an ongoing volume and a year-related value; if so, provide them both, for example |volume=IV / #10.

2604: 2600: 2527: 2337: 2283: 2086: 2018: 1774: 679: 468: 417: 353: 321: 219: 157: 5375: 3744:

contain certain characters, then they will not display and link correctly. Those characters need to be

3572: 5018:. Separate using an en dash (–); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,). Displays preceded by 2669:

target multiple citations with same last name and year of publication. (This situation necessitates a

7042: 6893: 6865: 6837: 4680: 4662: 4512: 4351: 3348:. Access dates are not required for links to published research papers or published books. Note that 3012: 599: 548: 516: 500: 5393: 5287: 3345: 3344:

is required for online sources, such as personal websites, that do not have a publication date; see

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listing one or more primary authors; follows author name-list; appends "et al." to author name-list.

7376: 6932: 4199: 2255:: To record other contributors to the work, including illustrators. For the parameter value, write 1175:

As a general rule, only one data item per parameter. Do not include explanatory or alternate text:

168: 140: 4026:(since January 2015). Do not include extraneous file extensions like ".pdf" or ".html". Aliases: 3605: 3580: 7425: 7386: 6976: 6851: 6795: 6669: 3984: 3489: 2685:

format is YYYY-MM-DD. (This format prevents the addition of a disambiguating letter to the year.)

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The template is also able to recognize known free-to-read journals, assuming they have a clear

4489:. When present, alphabetic prefix characters are to be lower case and without a space; example 2607:

templates, including this template, automatically render dates in all date parameters (such as

926: 7526: 7458: 7206: 6907: 6781: 5866: 4839:, some identifiers (specifying free resources) will automatically be linked to the title when 4749: 3964: 1731:

instead. For corporate authors or authors for whom only one name is listed by the source, use

1069: 615: 401: 5069:); where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are capitalized ('Retrieved...'). For 4321: 3939:

be used and may be removed from existing cs1|2 templates. To inhibit anchor ID creation, set

2756:– set publication dates to day month year format; access- and archive-dates are not modified; 683: 7447: 7381: 7274: 5482: 5338: 5172: 4729: 3980: 3391: 3311: 3004: 2514: 2408: 6361:

For use when a work has up to nine authors. To link to author article, use 'author-link3'.

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For use when a work has up to nine authors. To link to author article, use 'author-link2'.

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For use when a work has up to nine authors. To link to author article, use 'author-link3'.

6292:

For use when a work has up to nine authors. To link to author article, use 'author-link2'.

5356:: the source is only accessible via a paid subscription with the provider of the source (" 5038: 4981: 4595: 3745: 3352:

is the date that the URL was found to be working and to support the text being cited. See

3161: 3102: 2894:

is defined, it will be treated as the publication place and will show after the title; if

2014: 1994: 7292: 5842: 4878:) can then be used for providing a direct deep link to the corresponding document or a 4591: 1989:, inserts the conjunction 'and' between the last two names of a name list; when set to 989:(Press release). Cupertino, California and London: Burberry Group. September 13, 2013. 5291: 7606: 4537: 4293: 4169: 3925: 3847: 3571:

are suppressed in the rendering. If an entire domain is unsuitable, consider instead

3402: 3387: 2803: 2414: 687: 5572:

For example, this cites a web page that requires registration but not subscription:

3967:, used where none of the specialized identifiers are applicable; wikilink or use an 3867:: the citation's HTML anchor identifier, when different from its default. When set, 2589:

date=2021-12-25|orig-date=Original date 2011-01-01

7325: 4555: 3975:

will append "NCJ 122967" at the end of the citation. You can use templates such as

3915: 2713:

does not support automatic date formatting, use the same date format as defined by

2675: 2542: 3424:) the archived link is displayed first, with the original link at the end. Alias: 3229:: For sources where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient. Overridden by 3082:: The number of a single page in the source that supports the content. Use either 2978:, but provides additional detail. It may be used when the content deliverer (e.g. 5345:: free access is subject to limited trial and a subscription is normally required 3733:

may require a plug-in or an external application and should normally be avoided.

7487: 4530: 3332:

was last verified to support the text in the article; do not wikilink; requires

3000: 2453:

can be used to disable the display of a type. Defaults to Press release. Alias:

1773:. This parameter should never hold the names of more than one author. Supports 2294:: Title of source. Can be wikilinked to an existing Knowledge (XXG) article or 6269:

First name of the first author. To link to author article, use 'author-link1'.

5853:

part of the DOI associated with the registrant can be added to the list under

5245:

is a special case suppressing the display of all authors including the et al.

3698: 2420: 1985:, inserts an ampersand between the last two names in a name list; when set to 66: 6243:

Last name of the first author. To link to author article, use 'author-link1'.

1074:

Internet-Nutzung wird erwartet, dass für den Rest des Jahrzehnts zurückgehen.

1052: 4296:

identifier for digital objects and other resources on the Internet; example

4191: 4181: 3549:

is still 'live' but no-longer supports the text in a Knowledge (XXG) article

2924:: Date of publication when different from the date the work was written. If 2824: 2655:

parameter also handles a year by itself. Do not use in combination with the

262: 3299:?utm_source=google&utm_medium=...&utm_term=...&utm_campaign=... 2693:: Original publication date or year; displays in square brackets after the 2501:

at a French-language wiki instead of the English word "Spanish". Aliases:

15: 4062:: ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US; valid values: 4011: 3336:; use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations. 3040:

produces "2nd ed." Does not display if a periodical field is defined.

1777:. Do not use italics in this field, as doing so produces corrupt metadata. 5257:: Controls the closing punctuation for a citation; defaults to a period ( 4928:... |quote=Tōkyō tawā |script-quote=ja:東京タワー |trans-quote=Tokyo Tower ... 4534: 2979: 2862: 2344:... |title=Tōkyō tawā |script-title=ja:東京タワー |trans-title=Tokyo Tower ... 2307: 1820: 7108: 3563:

links to vice (gambling, pornography), advertising, or other unsuitable

2936:

displays preceded by "published" and enclosed in parentheses, following

2851:

newspaper, so there is no reason to name the publisher). Displays after

1060:(Press release) (in German). Bonn, Germany: Forschungs Institut Stiftung 959:(Press release). Overland Park, Kansas: Sprint Nextel. November 26, 2012 5357: 4389: 4161: 4147: 3284:: URL of an online location where the text of the publication named by 3131:: A range of pages in the source that supports the content. Use either 3060:: For one publication published in several volumes. Displays after the 3008: 2774:– set publication, access-, and archive-dates to day month year format; 2468: 2140:

is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of translators (each

1824: 1819:

is empty. Use generational and regnal suffixes only in accordance with

425: 227: 3947:

Template:Citation/doc § Anchors for Harvard referencing templates

2513:"Knowledge (XXG):Undated" redirects here. For undated signatures, see 2435:: Title of existing Knowledge (XXG) article about the source named in 1913:. For an individual author plus an institutional author, you can use 1206:, should not be used in parameters that contribute to the metadata. 5634: 4637: 4411: 4258: 3216: 2956:. Use the same format as other dates in the article; do not wikilink. 987:"Burberry Uses iPhone 5s To Capture Spring / Summer 2014 Runway Show" 4245:. Use the same format as other dates in the article. Aliases: none. 3390:

snapshot of a web page. Typically used to refer to services such as

6619: 1856:

is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of authors (each

7509: 5249:

displays all authors in the list followed by et al. Aliases: none.

4468: 4008: 1160: 176: 70:

and changes may be widely noticed. Test changes in the template's

5876:

DOI pattern. Once that pattern is identified, it can be added to

5320: 4173: 3656: 5121: 4882:

to a resource that would not otherwise be obviously accessible.

4415: 4410:; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a 4325: 4262: 4200:

https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.176.341

3734: 7112: 6623: 4957:, but not both. Should be a subset of the page(s) specified in 4194:

id, a string of digits and dots found in a CiteSeerX URL (e.g.

2471:

language code (preferred) or the full language name. Examples:

4920:(if available). Alias: none. Must be prefixed with one of the 4150:; used by a number of astronomical data systems; for example: 2835:

or other legal entity that publishes the work being cited. Do

121: 91: 53: 5010:, but not both. Should be a subset of the pages specified in 1188:|date=27 September 2007 (print version 25 September) 1151:

By default, sets of fields are terminated with a period (.).

6101:

Geographical place of publication. Displays after the title.

5046:|quote-pages=((3{{hyphen}}1{{ndash}}3{{hyphen}}15)) 3752:. To encode the URL, replace the following characters with: 5301: 4357:

template within the parameter – in the form

4241:: Date a valid DOI was found to be non-working/inactive at 3683:(except for PDF). Note: External link icons do not include 3635:(except for PDF). Note: External link icons do not include 1973:: accepts a limited list of keywords as value; when set to 6217:

Name of the content deliverer, if different from publisher

5895:

If you add a free registrant/free journal to the lists in

5065:, element separator and terminal punctuation is a period ( 3931:

templates. Since April 2020, the parameter / keyword pair

3671:; for example: DOC or XLS; displayed in parentheses after 3604:

are suppressed in the rendering. Bot help is available at

3304:

For linking to pages in PDF files or in Google Books, see

3209:

notations where this is inappropriate; for example, where

2643:

template. See those templates' documentation for details.

2095:: Given or first names of translator. Do not wikilink—use 5044:

to indicate to editors that a hyphen is really intended:

3167:

to indicate to editors that a hyphen is really intended:

2914:

is shown before the title prefixed with "written at" and

2823:: Name of publisher; may be wikilinked if relevant. The 2237:: Name of a group of authors or collaborators; requires 7556: 5383: 4799:

which can be applied to disable the error-checking (as

3935:

has no special meaning; this deprecated setting should

894:

column, it is a prerequisite for the field to the left.

708: 4649:

parameter, above; these are two different identifiers.

4558:

identifier; do not include "OL" in the value; example

3169:|pages=((3{{hyphen}}1{{ndash}}3{{hyphen}}15)) 2701:). For clarity, please supply specifics. For example: 1050:

Thompson, Walter; Mittlebrun, Angela (June 15, 1990).

827:

To cite an online press release that you have archived

745:

To cite an online press release that has been archived

5841:

The template is able to recognize known free-to-read

4608:

parameter, below; these are two different identifiers

3338:

Not required for linked documents that do not change.

2786:– as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD 2768:– as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD 2025:|vauthors=Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corp.)), etal 2017:; enclose corporate or institutional author names in 835:

To cite a press release written in a foreign language

755:

To cite a press release written in a foreign language

4814:

For some identifiers, it is possible to specify the

3615:

Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown

3003:(wire service) that provided the content; examples: 1878:

parameters to change how many authors are displayed.

1053:"Das Internet ist selbstverständlich nicht auf Fang" 7486: 7470: 7415: 7364: 7316: 7283: 7230: 7194: 7146: 7075: 7054: 6988: 6922: 6657: 5019: 4970: 4694:Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate 4429:Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate 4364:Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate 4276:Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate 4227:Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate 4217: 3903:, especially useful with short-form citations like 3310:Do not link to any commercial booksellers, such as 3206: 3202: 3140: 3091: 2678:, usually a lowercase letter suffixed to the year.) 1095:Nested parameters rely on their parent parameters: 927:"Autism Speaks and Cure Autism Now Complete Merger" 718:Most commonly used parameters in horizontal format 627: 611: 595: 579: 560: 544: 528: 512: 496: 480: 464: 448: 432: 413: 397: 381: 365: 349: 333: 317: 301: 285: 269: 250: 234: 215: 199: 183: 164: 5633: 5491: 5473: 5349: 5327: 4242: 4170:http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/10/01/078733 1727:: Surname of a single author. Do not wikilink—use 1051: 5855:local function build_free_doi_registrants_table() 5665:Named-identifier and access-indicator parameters 3911:. The default anchor ID is suitable for use with 1219:section near the top of this documentation page. 801:Most commonly used parameters in vertical format 4866:It is not necessary to specify a URL to a link 4624:goes live; if this date is in the future, then 3899:identifies the template as a target and allows 2336:(if present). Must be prefixed with one of the 1783:: Given or first names of author; for example: 817:To cite a press release with no credited author 735:To cite a press release with no credited author 7613:Templates based on the Citation/CS1 Lua module 5828:that will become available in the future, see 4924:to help browsers properly display the script: 4870:to a link also produced by an identifier. The 4859:) for auto-linking or to disable the feature ( 4628:is not linked until that date. Aliases: none. 4574:Office of Scientific and Technical Information 2340:to help browsers properly display the script: 1210:COinS metadata is created for these parameters 808:To cite a press release with a credited author 725:To cite a press release with a credited author 7124: 6635: 5120:Replaces the name of the (first) author with 5030:to tell the template to display the value of 4453:; do not include "JFM" in the value; example 4449:Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik 3153:to tell the template to display the value of 2555:is required to disambiguate the link targets. 2065:: Surname of translator. Do not wikilink—use 1007:A press release written in a foreign language 659: 8: 5939: 5849:. Once a free registrant is identified, the 5443:URL-holding and access-indicator parameters 5370:Access indicators for url-holding parameters 5321:access indicators for url-holding parameters 4747: 4446: 3709:will be supported by all browsers; however, 3657:Access indicators for url-holding parameters 2496: 2439:– do not use a web address; do not wikilink. 2310:for guidance in more complex situations. If 156: 5932:in articles based on its TemplateData. 5261:); for no terminating punctuation, specify 3748:. For example, a space must be replaced by 3435: 3353: 3328:: Full date when the content pointed to by 2284:Help:Citation Style 1 § Titles and chapters 1823:and use honorifics only in accordance with 7595:pipe trick does not work inside references 7546:Editors can experiment in this template's 7131: 7117: 7109: 7067:Citation Style 1 specific-source templates 6642: 6628: 6620: 5946: 5663: 5441: 4216:. It is checked to ensure it begins with ( 2990:parameters to display access restrictions. 2154:, but not the other way around). Aliases: 2013:: comma-separated list of author names in 666: 652: 6552: 6526: 6500: 6497: 6263: 6237: 5695: 5308: 4182:https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.24.220400 3667:: File format of the work referred to by 3627:: File format of the work referred to by 3438:above for details about interaction with 3397:Knowledge (XXG):Using the Wayback Machine 3356:above for details about interaction with 2932:) is also defined and is different, then 2651:: Year of publication. The more flexible 2489:See the list of supported codes and names 1056:[The Internet Will Not Catch On] 4945:: The number of a single page quoted in 4280:eISSNs using a non-standard format, see 3754: 3737:host-names are currently not supported. 2703:|orig-date=First published 1859 2627:in the style specified by the article's 2371: 2038:may be used for the individual names in 1650: 1623: 929:(Press release). New York: Autism Speaks 905:Full parameter set in horizontal format 903: 853: 799: 782:Full parameter set in horizontal format 780: 716: 7597:, so be sure to insert a full wikilink. 7586: 5315:: the source is free to read for anyone 4433:ISSNs using a non-standard format, see 4368:ISBNs using a non-standard format, see 3834: 3464:: A control parameter to select one of 2985: 2793: 943:A press release with no credited author 709: 5863:Category:CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI 5861:is not set, it will place the page in 5858: 5818: 5813: 5808: 5803: 5798: 5793: 5780: 5775: 5768: 5763: 5756: 5751: 5744: 5739: 5732: 5727: 5720: 5715: 5708: 5703: 5686: 5681: 5644:Access indicator for named identifiers 5564: 5559: 5552: 5547: 5540: 5535: 5528: 5523: 5516: 5511: 5504: 5499: 5464: 5459: 5436: 5432: 5423: 5419: 5415: 5411: 5407: 5403: 5399: 5302:access indicator for named identifiers 5270: 5266: 5262: 5246: 5242: 5238: 5182: 5070: 5062: 5045: 5031: 5023: 5015: 5011: 5007: 5003: 4999: 4988: 4987:to indicate this is intentional (e.g. 4974: 4966: 4962: 4958: 4954: 4950: 4946: 4875: 4871: 4860: 4856: 4852: 4851:to manually select a specific source ( 4848: 4844: 4840: 4819: 4800: 4792: 4788: 4784: 4780: 4776: 4698:SBNs using a non-standard format, see 4231:DOIs using a non-standard format, see 3976: 3972: 3940: 3932: 3893: 3868: 3840: 3838: 3601: 3597: 3589: 3568: 3560: 3556: 3546: 3542: 3533: 3529: 3525: 3516: 3512: 3499: 3495: 3473: 3469: 3465: 3421: 3319: 3315: 3264: 3260: 3256: 3246: 3242: 3238: 3234: 3230: 3214: 3210: 3176: 3172: 3168: 3154: 3144: 3136: 3132: 3117: 3113: 3109: 3108:to indicate this is intentional (e.g. 3095: 3087: 3083: 3037: 2738: 2718: 2714: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2682: 2656: 2652: 2624: 2620: 2616: 2612: 2608: 2574: 2563: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2039: 2024: 1920: 1917: 1914: 1770: 1766: 1736: 1700: 1692: 1684: 1676: 1671: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1520: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1392: 1388: 1383: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1344: 1340: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1187: 1181: 1163:metadata in the HTML output, allowing 973:A press release that has been archived 912:A press release with a credited author 855:Full parameter set in vertical format 703: 699: 155: 7392:Converting between references formats 6705:short, stand-alone, offline documents 5282:Subscription or registration required 4998:: A list or range of pages quoted in 4602:. Do not include "PMC" in the value. 4598:full-text of a journal article, e.g. 4038:Amazon Standard Identification Number 3090:, but not both. Displays preceded by 2780:– as above for month day, year format 2762:– as above for month day, year format 2717:(or, if it exists in the article, by 2663:of the following conditions are met: 2493:Category:CS1 foreign language sources 2485:|language=French, Portuguese 993:from the original on October 22, 2013 297:short, stand-alone, offline documents 82:. Consider discussing changes on the 7: 6055:Page number of relevant information. 5985:Title of source. Displays in quotes. 5953:This template has custom formatting. 5926:See a monthly parameter usage report 5169:. Do not use in a list generated by 4408:International Standard Serial Number 4255:International Standard Serial Number 2962:: Name of the content deliverer (if 2587:date; a comment for editors such as 2558:For approximate year, precede with " 2421:Help:Table § Rendering the pipe 1652:Recently removed CS1/CS2 parameters 1167:to retrieve bibliographic metadata. 925:Roithmayr, Mark (February 5, 2007). 623:web sources not covered by the above 103:This template can only be edited by 7407:Guidance on source reviewing at FAC 7346:Referencing without using templates 7341:Referencing with citation templates 6468:English translation of source title 5935:TemplateData for Cite press release 5591:https://example.com/nifty_data.php 5178: 4533:for looking up publications in the 4382:International Standard Music Number 4359:|isbn={{Format ISBN|9780812695939}} 3885: 3874:generates an anchor with the given 3177:|at=pp. 3-1–3-15 6581:Placement of relevant information. 5529:|contribution-url-access= 5189:) to apply the mask to a specific 5156:—in this case, the value of 4989:|quote-page=3{{hyphen}}12 4487:Library of Congress Control Number 4312:International Standard Book Number 2528:Help:Citation Style 1 § Dates 2206:OR: for multiple translators, use 2114:OR: for multiple translators, use 1873: 641:Citation Style 1 wrapper templates 14: 5897:Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration 5878:Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration 5847:Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration 5288:Verifiability § Access to sources 4640:; use unique identifier; example 3697:URLs must begin with a supported 2707:|orig-date=Composed 1904 2526:For acceptable date formats, see 1870:, but not the other way around). 1815:; first name will not display if 890:If a field name is listed in the 5882:local extended_registrants_t = { 5865:, which is routinely cleared by 5694: 5490: 5481: 5472: 5348: 5337: 5326: 5307: 5297:Four access levels can be used: 5073:, element separator is a comma ( 4022:(April 2007 – December 2014) or 3288:can be found. Cannot be used if 3268: 3023:. May be wikilinked if relevant. 2021:. End with etal if appropriate: 1182:|date=27 September 2007 125: 95: 57: 19: 7531:Template:Cite press release/doc 7397:Reference display customization 5034:without processing it, and use 4758:For zbMATH search results like 4712:Social Science Research Network 4471:reference number; for example: 4164:id, as in the entire DOI (e.g. 3157:without processing it, and use 2844: 2573:For no date, or "undated", use 2322:(if available) of the title in 67:approximately 73,000 pages 6171:Harvard referencing templates. 6078:Pages of relevant information. 5247:|display-authors=etal 4906:(if available) of the text in 4174:https://doi.org/10.1101/078733 3901:wikilinking to full references 3532:is preemptively archived with 3376:by registered editors. Alias: 1944:OR: for multiple authors, use 1830:OR: for multiple authors, use 1625:Deprecated CS1/CS2 parameters 1273:|script-contribution= 49:Template:Cleanup press release 47:For the cleanup template, see 1: 7164:Biographies of living persons 5565:|section-url-access= 5517:|chapter-url-access= 5505:|article-url-access= 4797:accept-this-as-written markup 2737:template), or as used in the 2302:) to single quotation marks ( 2087:accept-this-as-written markup 1775:accept-this-as-written markup 1165:reference management software 702:have upper-case aliases like 7100:Citation Style 1 noticeboard 7086:Citation Style documentation 5292:verifying claims in articles 5179:<references /> 3971:as applicable. For example, 3884:attribute in the citation's 3742:citation template parameters 3420:. By default (overridden by 3118:|pages=3{{ndash}}12 3110:|page=3{{hyphen}}12 2843:parameter for the name of a 1735:or one of its aliases (e.g. 1315:|publication-place= 7516:for background information. 7402:References and page numbers 7336:Introduction to referencing 7140:Knowledge (XXG) referencing 6306:First name of second author 5930:Template:Cite press release 5541:|entry-url-access= 5524:|contribution-url= 5412:|contribution-url= 5243:|display-authors=0 5239:|display-authors=2 4644: 4603: 4319: 3977:|id={{NCJ|122967}} 3944: 3845: 3688: 3654: 3640: 3579:. Bot help is available at 3505:Accepts multiple keywords: 3436:"Automatic date formatting" 3405: 3394: 3354:"Automatic date formatting" 3303: 2983: 2801: 2613:|publication-date= 2525: 2418: 2281: 1871: 1406:|contribution-url= 1336:|publication-date= 1168: 866:Brief instructions / notes 682:template is used to create 7639: 7623:Citation Style 1 templates 7618:Templates generating COinS 7520: 7351:Referencing dos and don'ts 7062:Citation Style 1 templates 6352:First name of third author 6283:Last name of second author 5916:for this template used by 5903:so the bot knows about it. 5890:= {'YYYY', 'ZZZZ', '...'}, 5391: 5373: 4699: 4434: 4369: 4281: 4232: 3515:omitted or empty) selects 3511:– (default condition when 3211:|page=Front cover 2861:: For news stories with a 2512: 1641:none deprecated at present 1435:|author#-surname= 1431:|author-surname#= 1216: 46: 7580:Subpages of this template 7496:Parenthetical referencing 7331:Citations quick reference 7298:Punctuation and footnotes 7097: 6329:Last name of third author 5959: 5859:|doi-access=free 5774: 5762: 5750: 5738: 5726: 5714: 5702: 5690: 5687:|bibcode-access= 5680: 5675: 5672: 5669: 5558: 5553:|map-url-access= 5546: 5534: 5522: 5510: 5498: 5468: 5458: 5453: 5450: 5447: 5398:Online sources linked by 5263:|postscript=none 4861:|title-link=none 4748: 4594:; use article number for 4210:Digital object identifier 4178:10.1101/2020.07.24.220400 3909:parenthetical referencing 3792: 3787: 3784: 3781: 3778: 3775: 3772: 3769: 3766: 3763: 3760: 3757: 3675:. (For media format, use 3422:|url-status=live 3263:used in conjunction with 2974:is not a replacement for 2918:is shown after the title. 2597:Automatic date formatting 2407: 2361:parameter is recommended. 2270:parenthetical referencing 2257:Illustrated by John Smith 2147:requires a corresponding 2005:forms of name parameters. 1863:requires a corresponding 1427:|author-surname= 1297:|script-section= 1289:|script-article= 1265:|script-chapter= 647: 634:Specific-source templates 86:before implementing them. 78:subpages, or in your own 65:This template is used on 7514:COinS in Knowledge (XXG) 7250:Citation Style Vancouver 5574: 4922:supported language codes 4857:|title-link=doi 4853:|title-link=pmc 4818:using the corresponding 4040:; if first character of 3408:Help:Using archive.today 2477:|lang=fr, pt-br 2338:supported language codes 1500:|author#-given= 1496:|author-given#= 1488:|author#-first= 1484:|author-first#= 1252:|encyclopaedia= 1132:—may be used instead of 1108:—may be used instead of 7508:This template produces 7478:Knowledge (XXG) Library 7147:Policies and guidelines 6092:Location of publication 5781:|s2cid-access= 5733:|jstor-access= 5437:|archive-date= 5427:they are not marked as 4969:. Displays preceded by 4018:(before April 2007) or 3973:|id=NCJ 122967 3028:Edition, series, volume 2621:|archive-date= 1997:when the lists use the 1993:displays name lists in 1492:|author-given= 1480:|author-first= 1423:|author#-last= 1419:|author-last#= 1306:|script-title= 1281:|script-entry= 1269:|contribution= 1248:|encyclopedia= 7574:Add categories to the 7416:Template documentation 7356:Citing Knowledge (XXG) 5901:User talk:Citation bot 5769:|ssrn-access= 5757:|osti-access= 5560:|section-url= 5512:|chapter-url= 5500:|article-url= 5433:|archive-url= 5424:|section-url= 5408:|chapter-url= 5404:|article-url= 5032:|quote-pages= 5008:|quote-pages= 4955:|quote-pages= 4447: 4044:value is a digit, use 3969:external link template 3590:|archive-url= 3557:|archive-url= 3543:|archive-url= 3534:|archive-url= 3517:|archive-url= 3500:|archive-url= 3470:|archive-url= 3261:|quote-pages= 2617:|access-date= 2564:|date=c. 1900 2497: 2481:|lang=Russian 1415:|author-last= 1410:|section-url= 1402:|chapter-url= 1393:|institution= 1379:|quote-pages= 524:audio or video serials 377:magazines, periodicals 195:audio and visual media 24:Template documentation 5845:, based on a list in 5836:Tracking of free DOIs 5721:|hdl-access= 5709:|doi-access= 5465:|url-access= 5271:|postscript= 5267:|postscript= 5004:|quote-page= 4977:. If hyphenated, use 4951:|quote-page= 4876:|title-link= 4849:|title-link= 4845:|title-link= 4016:|arxiv=hep-th/9205027 3513:|url-status= 3257:|quote-page= 3171:. Alternatively, use 3098:. 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used when the 3591: 3587: 3570: 3562: 3558: 3554: 3548: 3544: 3540: 3535: 3531: 3527: 3523: 3518: 3514: 3510: 3501: 3497: 3493: 3475: 3474:|title= 3471: 3467: 3453: 3445: 3423: 3411: 3400: 3392:Internet Archive 3386:: The URL of an 3374:hidden or styled 3371: 3363: 3321: 3317: 3309: 3301: 3300: 3295: 3266: 3265:|quote= 3262: 3258: 3248: 3244: 3243:|pages= 3240: 3236: 3235:|pages= 3232: 3219: 3215:|pages= 3212: 3208: 3204: 3201:to suppress the 3178: 3174: 3170: 3166: 3160: 3156: 3155:|pages= 3146: 3142: 3138: 3137:|pages= 3134: 3119: 3115: 3111: 3107: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3089: 3088:|pages= 3085: 3039: 3005:Associated Press 2991: 2952:is displayed as 2950:publication-date 2934:publication-date 2922:publication-date 2876:The Boston Globe 2808: 2807: 2798: 2785: 2779: 2773: 2767: 2761: 2755: 2740: 2736: 2728: 2720: 2716: 2712: 2708: 2704: 2684: 2674: 2658: 2654: 2642: 2634: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2601:Citation Style 1 2598: 2590: 2586: 2582: 2576: 2565: 2561: 2546: 2531: 2515:Template:Undated 2500: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2466: 2452: 2423: 2409:{{bracket|text}} 2400: 2372: 2345: 2314:is defined, use 2287: 2219:translator1-link 2208:translator-link1 2201:translator1-link 2197:translator-link1 2156:translator1-last 2142:translator-first 2131:translator-first 2116:translator-last1 2101:translator-given 2093:translator-first 2083:translator-last1 2079:translator1-last 2050: 2041: 2026: 2004: 2000: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1922: 1919: 1916: 1879: 1793:Firstname M. 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see 7502: 7501: 7499: 7498: 7492: 7490: 7484: 7483: 7481: 7480: 7474: 7472: 7468: 7467: 7465: 7464: 7453: 7442: 7431: 7419: 7417: 7413: 7412: 7410: 7409: 7404: 7399: 7394: 7389: 7384: 7379: 7377:Citation tools 7374: 7368: 7366: 7362: 7361: 7359: 7358: 7353: 7348: 7343: 7338: 7333: 7328: 7326:Reference-tags 7322: 7320: 7314: 7313: 7311: 7310: 7305: 7300: 7295: 7289: 7287: 7281: 7280: 7278: 7277: 7272: 7267: 7262: 7257: 7252: 7247: 7242: 7236: 7234: 7232:Citing sources 7228: 7227: 7225: 7224: 7219: 7214: 7209: 7204: 7198: 7196: 7195:General advice 7192: 7191: 7189: 7188: 7183: 7181:Citing sources 7178: 7177: 7176: 7166: 7161: 7156: 7150: 7148: 7144: 7143: 7138: 7136: 7135: 7128: 7121: 7113: 7104: 7103: 7098: 7095: 7094: 7092: 7091: 7079: 7077: 7073: 7072: 7070: 7069: 7064: 7058: 7056: 7052: 7051: 7049: 7048: 7037: 7026: 7015: 7004: 6992: 6990: 6986: 6985: 6983: 6982: 6971: 6960: 6955:Cite CiteSeerX 6949: 6938: 6926: 6924: 6920: 6919: 6917: 6916: 6913: 6902: 6899: 6888: 6885: 6874: 6871: 6860: 6859:signs, plaques 6857: 6846: 6843: 6832: 6831:press releases 6829: 6818: 6815: 6810:Cite newsgroup 6804: 6801: 6790: 6787: 6776: 6773: 6762: 6759: 6748: 6745: 6734: 6731: 6726:Cite interview 6720: 6717: 6706: 6703: 6692: 6689: 6678: 6675: 6663: 6661: 6655: 6654: 6649: 6647: 6646: 6639: 6632: 6624: 6615: 6614: 6611: 6608: 6607: 6604:no description 6601: 6596: 6592: 6591: 6588: 6585: 6584: 6578: 6573: 6569: 6568: 6565: 6562: 6561: 6555: 6547: 6543: 6542: 6539: 6536: 6535: 6529: 6521: 6517: 6516: 6513: 6510: 6509: 6503: 6492: 6488: 6487: 6484: 6481: 6480: 6474: 6469: 6465: 6464: 6461: 6458: 6457: 6451: 6446: 6442: 6441: 6438: 6435: 6434: 6428: 6423: 6419: 6418: 6415: 6412: 6411: 6405: 6400: 6396: 6395: 6392: 6389: 6388: 6381: 6376: 6372: 6371: 6368: 6365: 6364: 6358: 6353: 6349: 6348: 6345: 6342: 6341: 6335: 6330: 6326: 6325: 6322: 6319: 6318: 6312: 6307: 6303: 6302: 6299: 6296: 6295: 6289: 6284: 6280: 6279: 6276: 6273: 6272: 6266: 6258: 6254: 6253: 6250: 6247: 6246: 6240: 6232: 6228: 6227: 6224: 6221: 6220: 6214: 6209: 6205: 6204: 6201: 6198: 6197: 6191: 6186: 6182: 6181: 6178: 6175: 6174: 6167: 6162: 6158: 6157: 6154: 6151: 6150: 6144: 6139: 6135: 6134: 6131: 6128: 6127: 6121: 6116: 6112: 6111: 6108: 6105: 6104: 6098: 6093: 6089: 6088: 6085: 6082: 6081: 6075: 6070: 6066: 6065: 6062: 6059: 6058: 6052: 6047: 6043: 6042: 6039: 6036: 6035: 6029: 6024: 6020: 6019: 6016: 6013: 6012: 6005: 6000: 5996: 5995: 5992: 5989: 5988: 5982: 5977: 5971: 5970: 5967: 5964: 5961: 5918:TemplateWizard 5911: 5909: 5906: 5905: 5904: 5893: 5870: 5837: 5834: 5824:For embargoed 5822: 5821: 5819:|rfc= 5816: 5814:|pmc= 5811: 5806: 5801: 5796: 5784: 5783: 5778: 5772: 5771: 5766: 5760: 5759: 5754: 5748: 5747: 5742: 5736: 5735: 5730: 5724: 5723: 5718: 5716:|hdl= 5712: 5711: 5706: 5704:|doi= 5700: 5699: 5689: 5684: 5678: 5677: 5674: 5671: 5645: 5642: 5641: 5640: 5575: 5568: 5567: 5562: 5556: 5555: 5550: 5544: 5543: 5538: 5532: 5531: 5526: 5520: 5519: 5514: 5508: 5507: 5502: 5496: 5495: 5467: 5462: 5460:|url= 5456: 5455: 5452: 5449: 5400:|url= 5388: 5387: 5379: 5374: 5371: 5368: 5364: 5363: 5362: 5361: 5346: 5335: 5318: 5317: 5316: 5283: 5280: 5279: 5278: 5273:is ignored if 5252: 5251: 5250: 5228: 5222: 5216: 5210: 5204: 5197: 5196: 5195: 5194: 5190: 5184: 5159: 5151: 5143: 5127: 5112: 5106: 5100: 5094: 5088: 5082: 5054: 5051: 5050: 5049: 5048:. Alias: none. 4992: 4940: 4939: 4938: 4932: 4931: 4930: 4887: 4884: 4874:parameter (or 4872:|url= 4841:|url= 4821: 4806: 4802: 4793:|sbn= 4777:|doi= 4772: 4771: 4760:JFM 35.0387.02 4741: 4723: 4705: 4704: 4703: 4674: 4656: 4642:|pmid=17322060 4631: 4630: 4629: 4592:PubMed Central 4585: 4567: 4549: 4524: 4506: 4491:|lccn=79-57364 4480: 4473:|jstor=3793107 4462: 4440: 4439: 4438: 4401: 4375: 4374: 4373: 4362: 4338: 4305: 4287: 4286: 4285: 4248: 4247: 4246: 4236: 4203: 4196:10.1.1.176.341 4185: 4166:10.1101/078733 4155: 4141: 4140: 4139: 4031: 3989: 3988: 3956: 3953: 3952: 3951: 3895: 3894:|ref= 3887: 3876: 3870: 3869:|ref= 3860: 3857: 3854: 3853: 3833: 3832: 3825: 3824: 3821: 3818: 3815: 3812: 3809: 3806: 3803: 3800: 3797: 3794: 3790: 3789: 3786: 3783: 3780: 3777: 3774: 3771: 3768: 3765: 3762: 3759: 3695: 3694: 3662: 3661: 3660: 3648: 3647: 3646: 3625:archive-format 3622: 3621: 3620: 3619: 3618: 3608: 3602:|url= 3598:|url= 3583: 3569:|url= 3561:|url= 3550: 3547:|url= 3536: 3530:|url= 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1708: 1706: 1703: 1694: 1686: 1678: 1674: 1668: 1667: 1664: 1661: 1658: 1647: 1646: 1644: 1642: 1638: 1637: 1634: 1631: 1621: 1618: 1617: 1616: 1614:|zbl= 1602:|rfc= 1594:|pmc= 1566:|jfm= 1554:|hdl= 1542:|doi= 1523: 1518: 1477: 1412: 1398:|url= 1395: 1386: 1381: 1360: 1347: 1338: 1325: 1312: 1299: 1258: 1211: 1208: 1192: 1191: 1156: 1153: 1149: 1148: 1144: 1143: 1142: 1141: 1126: 1102: 1092: 1089: 1087: 1084: 1080: 1079: 1078: 1077: 1046: 1045: 1034: 1033: 1016: 1015: 1004: 1003: 982: 981: 970: 969: 952: 951: 940: 939: 921: 920: 902: 900: 897: 896: 895: 885: 884: 881: 879: 876: 874: 871: 868: 867: 864: 861: 850: 849: 846: 845: 844: 838: 837: 836: 830: 829: 828: 822: 821: 820: 811: 810: 809: 793: 792: 777: 776: 767: 766: 757: 756: 747: 746: 737: 736: 727: 726: 695: 692: 688:press releases 674: 673: 671: 670: 663: 656: 648: 645: 644: 629: 625: 624: 621: 609: 608: 605: 593: 592: 589: 577: 576: 570: 558: 557: 554: 542: 541: 540:signs, plaques 538: 526: 525: 522: 510: 509: 506: 494: 493: 492:press releases 490: 478: 477: 474: 462: 461: 458: 453:Cite newsgroup 446: 445: 442: 430: 429: 423: 411: 410: 407: 395: 394: 391: 379: 378: 375: 363: 362: 359: 347: 346: 343: 338:Cite interview 331: 330: 327: 315: 314: 311: 299: 298: 295: 283: 282: 279: 267: 266: 260: 255:Cite CiteSeerX 248: 247: 244: 232: 231: 225: 213: 212: 209: 197: 196: 193: 181: 180: 174: 152: 151: 149: 148: 137: 130: 118: 117: 107:because it is 105:administrators 102: 100: 88: 87: 62: 17: 16: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7635: 7624: 7621: 7619: 7616: 7614: 7611: 7610: 7608: 7596: 7590: 7587: 7581: 7577: 7569: 7564: 7558: 7554: 7549: 7542: 7538: 7532: 7528: 7524: 7523:documentation 7518: 7517: 7515: 7511: 7497: 7494: 7493: 7491: 7489: 7485: 7479: 7476: 7475: 7473: 7469: 7460: 7454: 7449: 7443: 7438: 7432: 7427: 7421: 7420: 7418: 7414: 7408: 7405: 7403: 7400: 7398: 7395: 7393: 7390: 7388: 7387:Cite messages 7385: 7383: 7380: 7378: 7375: 7373: 7370: 7369: 7367: 7365:Advanced help 7363: 7357: 7354: 7352: 7349: 7347: 7344: 7342: 7339: 7337: 7334: 7332: 7329: 7327: 7324: 7323: 7321: 7319: 7315: 7309: 7306: 7304: 7301: 7299: 7296: 7294: 7291: 7290: 7288: 7286: 7282: 7276: 7273: 7271: 7268: 7266: 7263: 7261: 7258: 7256: 7253: 7251: 7248: 7246: 7243: 7241: 7238: 7237: 7235: 7233: 7229: 7223: 7220: 7218: 7215: 7213: 7210: 7208: 7205: 7203: 7200: 7199: 7197: 7193: 7187: 7184: 7182: 7179: 7175: 7172: 7171: 7170: 7167: 7165: 7162: 7160: 7157: 7155: 7154:Verifiability 7152: 7151: 7149: 7145: 7141: 7134: 7129: 7127: 7122: 7120: 7115: 7114: 7111: 7101: 7096: 7087: 7081: 7080: 7078: 7076:Documentation 7074: 7068: 7065: 7063: 7060: 7059: 7057: 7053: 7044: 7038: 7033: 7027: 7022: 7016: 7011: 7005: 7000: 6999:Cite AV media 6994: 6993: 6991: 6987: 6978: 6972: 6967: 6961: 6956: 6950: 6945: 6939: 6934: 6928: 6927: 6925: 6921: 6914: 6909: 6903: 6900: 6895: 6889: 6886: 6881: 6875: 6872: 6867: 6861: 6858: 6853: 6847: 6844: 6839: 6833: 6830: 6825: 6819: 6816: 6811: 6805: 6803:news articles 6802: 6797: 6791: 6788: 6783: 6777: 6774: 6769: 6763: 6760: 6755: 6754:Cite magazine 6749: 6746: 6741: 6735: 6732: 6727: 6721: 6718: 6713: 6707: 6704: 6699: 6698:Cite document 6693: 6690: 6685: 6679: 6676: 6671: 6665: 6664: 6662: 6656: 6652: 6645: 6640: 6638: 6633: 6631: 6626: 6625: 6622: 6612: 6609: 6606: 6605: 6602: 6597: 6594: 6593: 6589: 6586: 6583: 6582: 6579: 6574: 6571: 6570: 6566: 6563: 6560: 6559: 6556: 6548: 6545: 6544: 6540: 6537: 6534: 6533: 6530: 6522: 6519: 6518: 6514: 6511: 6508: 6507: 6504: 6493: 6490: 6489: 6485: 6482: 6479: 6478: 6475: 6470: 6467: 6466: 6462: 6459: 6456: 6455: 6452: 6447: 6444: 6443: 6439: 6436: 6433: 6432: 6429: 6424: 6421: 6420: 6416: 6413: 6410: 6409: 6406: 6401: 6398: 6397: 6393: 6390: 6387: 6386: 6382: 6377: 6374: 6373: 6369: 6366: 6363: 6362: 6359: 6354: 6351: 6350: 6346: 6343: 6340: 6339: 6336: 6331: 6328: 6327: 6323: 6320: 6317: 6316: 6313: 6308: 6305: 6304: 6300: 6297: 6294: 6293: 6290: 6285: 6282: 6281: 6277: 6274: 6271: 6270: 6267: 6259: 6256: 6255: 6251: 6248: 6245: 6244: 6241: 6233: 6230: 6229: 6225: 6222: 6219: 6218: 6215: 6210: 6207: 6206: 6202: 6199: 6196: 6195: 6192: 6187: 6184: 6183: 6179: 6176: 6173: 6172: 6168: 6163: 6160: 6159: 6155: 6152: 6149: 6148: 6145: 6140: 6137: 6136: 6132: 6129: 6126: 6125: 6122: 6117: 6114: 6113: 6109: 6106: 6103: 6102: 6099: 6094: 6091: 6090: 6086: 6083: 6080: 6079: 6076: 6071: 6068: 6067: 6063: 6060: 6057: 6056: 6053: 6048: 6045: 6044: 6040: 6037: 6034: 6033: 6030: 6025: 6022: 6021: 6017: 6014: 6011: 6010: 6006: 6001: 5998: 5997: 5993: 5990: 5987: 5986: 5983: 5978: 5975: 5974: 5968: 5965: 5962: 5958: 5955: 5950: 5944: 5937: 5936: 5931: 5927: 5923: 5919: 5915: 5907: 5902: 5898: 5894: 5883: 5879: 5871: 5868: 5864: 5856: 5848: 5844: 5840: 5839: 5835: 5833: 5831: 5827: 5817: 5812: 5807: 5802: 5797: 5792: 5791: 5790: 5779: 5773: 5767: 5761: 5755: 5749: 5743: 5740:|ol= 5737: 5731: 5725: 5719: 5713: 5707: 5701: 5685: 5679: 5668: 5662: 5643: 5638:. 2021-04-15. 5636: 5631: 5630: 5629: 5601:registration 5573: 5563: 5557: 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