165:(2020) modifies his position by suggesting that a few coincidences are so extremely improbable that they warrant more serious scientific attention. Subjective anomalous experiences defy scientific explanation precisely because they are so improbable (e.g. a coincidence with an estimated probability of one in 10 to the minus 18) and they never can be consciously controlled. Traditional statistical hypothesis testing using the .05 level obviously cannot be applied suggesting a double standard.
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164:
Marks coined the term "Koestler's
Fallacy" as the assumption that odd matches of random events cannot arise by chance. Marks illustrates the fact that such odd matches do regularly occur with examples from his own experience. In "Psychology and the Paranormal: Exploring Anomalous Experience" Marks
146:
In the book
Koestler argues that science needs to take the possibility of the occurrence of phenomena that are outside our common sense view of the world more seriously and study them. He concludes that paranormal events are rare, unpredictable and capricious and need a paradoxical combination of
27:
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226:, to explain the cause of apparent coincidences. The cover of the Picador paperback edition, with dominoes in the foreground representing star coordinates, is integral to furthering the plot of this episode.
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gave the book a mixed review, describing it as "a typical
Koestlerian performance" but noting that some of his claims about psychical research were inaccurate.
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195:. Koestler is referenced several times in the work, and in the movie novelization by Steve Moore. Koestler's ideas had previously made their way into the
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158:. Marks noted that Koestler uncritically accepted ESP experiments and ignored evidence that did not fit his hypothesis. In
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Gridgeman, N. T. (1975-01-01). "THE ROOTS OF COINCIDENCE: AN EXCURSION INTO PARAPSYCHOLOGY, Arthur
Koestler".
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skillful scientific experiment with a childlike excitement to be seen and recorded.
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119:. Koestler postulates links between modern physics, their interaction with
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Mays, Wolfe (1973-01-01). "The Roots of
Coincidence. By Arthur Koestler".
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858:
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256:"The Roots of Coincidence" is also the name of an instrumental by
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120:
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483:
1040:
Association for the
Scientific Study of Anomalous Phenomena
726:
Living with
Koestler: Mamaine Koestler's Letters 1945–51
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initially was critical of
Koestler's book for endorsing
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1252:Old Souls: The Scientific Evidence for Past Lives
212:It also played a significant role in Episode 4 ("
1060:International Association for Near-Death Studies
402:Journal of the British Society for Phenomenology
383:(2nd Edition). Prometheus Books. pp. 227- 246.
1121:International Institute for Psychical Research
1151:Society for the Study of Supernormal Pictures
760:
495:
8:
1259:Parapsychology: Frontier Science of the Mind
370:
368:
247:. He had named The Police's previous album,
233:was an avid reader of Koestler. Sting named
19:
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753:
745:
733:Arthur Koestler: The Story of a Friendship
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488:
480:
473:. New Scientist. 10 February. pp. 344-245.
25:
18:
1136:National Laboratory of Psychical Research
1273:Twenty Cases Suggestive of Reincarnation
1035:American Society for Psychical Research
364:
107:. It is an introduction to theories of
621:The Heel of Achilles: Essays 1968–1973
253:, after another of Koestler's books.
7:
1306:
1050:Institut MĂ©tapsychique International
572:The Encyclopœdia of Sexual Knowledge
286:(1972), US, Random House hardcover:
1111:British College of Psychic Science
299:(1972), UK, Hutchinson hardcover:
191:, Inspector Finch is seen reading
14:
1280:Varieties of Anomalous Experience
1224:Journal of Scientific Exploration
1305:
1294:
1293:
264:, featured on their 1997 album
127:phenomena. It is influenced by
1141:Oxford Phasmatological Society
1131:Metropolitan Psychical Society
1085:Society for Psychical Research
909:Parapsychology research at SRI
414:10.1080/00071773.1973.11006323
173:Appearances in popular culture
1:
1210:Journal of Near-Death Studies
1070:Parapsychological Association
919:Plant perception (paranormal)
449:10.1080/02604027.1975.9971867
380:The Psychology of the Psychic
161:The Psychology of the Psychic
1354:Hutchinson (publisher) books
1106:American Psychical Institute
1065:Koestler Parapsychology Unit
1055:Institute of Noetic Sciences
471:"Koestler on the Paranormal"
274:(see there for references).
844:Electronic voice phenomenon
16:1972 book on parapsychology
1380:
1339:Books about the paranormal
1172:Skeptics of parapsychology
1126:London Dialectical Society
1045:College of Psychic Studies
579:The Yogi and the Commissar
1289:
1217:Journal of Parapsychology
1167:List of parapsychologists
1075:Parapsychology Foundation
782:
270:. The track won the 1999
24:
20:The Roots of Coincidence
1344:Books by Arthur Koestler
1266:The Roots of Coincidence
829:Dermo-optical perception
614:The Roots of Coincidence
607:The Ghost in the Machine
309:1973 Vintage paperback:
297:The Roots of Coincidence
284:The Roots of Coincidence
245:The Roots of Coincidence
193:The Roots of Coincidence
100:The Roots of Coincidence
31:First UK edition (1972,
1196:Extrasensory Perception
1189:An Experiment with Time
1116:Cambridge Ghost Society
849:Extrasensory perception
799:Apparitional experience
593:The Lotus and the Robot
113:extrasensory perception
1349:English-language books
1334:1972 non-fiction books
894:Out-of-body experience
695:Stranger on the Square
469:Beloff, John. (1972).
199:issues of Moore's and
1099:Defunct organizations
1080:Rhine Research Center
884:Near-death experience
688:The Invisible Writing
540:Arrival and Departure
1028:Active organizations
914:Past life regression
628:The Thirteenth Tribe
547:Thieves in the Night
250:Ghost in the Machine
864:Kirlian photography
854:Ganzfeld experiment
674:The God that Failed
667:Dialogue with Death
635:Janus: A Summing Up
600:The Act of Creation
338:Robert Anton Wilson
237:final studio album
21:
824:Deathbed phenomena
243:as a reference to
103:is a 1972 book by
1321:
1320:
939:Psychic detective
899:Pam Reynolds case
804:Astral projection
742:
741:
681:Arrow in the Blue
660:Scum of the Earth
653:Spanish Testament
262:Pat Metheny Group
150:The psychologist
96:
95:
1371:
1309:
1308:
1297:
1296:
1238:Life Before Life
1203:Irreducible Mind
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762:
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746:
705:Related articles
586:The Sleepwalkers
533:Darkness at Noon
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348:Synchromysticism
278:Publication data
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1231:Life After Life
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984:Sensory leakage
949:Psychic surgery
944:Psychic reading
874:Materialization
834:Dream telepathy
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773:
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713:Arthur Koestler
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511:Arthur Koestler
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336:, 1988 book by
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177:In Volume 7 of
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105:Arthur Koestler
77:Media type
45:Arthur Koestler
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1090:The Ghost Club
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1009:Thoughtography
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994:Superconscious
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974:Retrocognition
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969:Remote viewing
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776:Parapsychology
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554:The Call-Girls
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526:The Gladiators
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443:(3): 307–312.
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188:V for Vendetta
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109:parapsychology
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63:Parapsychology
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1359:Synchronicity
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989:Spoon bending
987:
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964:Reincarnation
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720:Koestler Arts
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645:Autobiography
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437:World Futures
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396:
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389:1-57392-798-8
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353:Synchronicity
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315:0-394-71934-4
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305:0-09-110280-4
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292:0-394-48038-4
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273:
269:
268:
267:Imaginary Day
263:
259:
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251:
246:
242:
241:
240:Synchronicity
236:
232:
229:The musician
227:
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202:
198:
197:Dr. Manhattan
194:
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168:
163:
162:
157:
156:pseudoscience
153:
148:
144:
142:
141:Paul Kammerer
138:
134:
133:synchronicity
130:
126:
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118:
117:psychokinesis
114:
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39:
34:
28:
23:
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1250:
1245:Mental Radio
1243:
1236:
1229:
1222:
1215:
1208:
1201:
1194:
1187:
1181:Publications
979:Second sight
929:Precognition
819:Clairvoyance
731:
724:
712:
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672:
665:
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375:Marks, David
331:
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235:The Police's
228:
221:
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204:
201:Dave Gibbons
192:
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159:
149:
145:
111:, including
99:
98:
97:
1364:Coincidence
1019:Zener cards
999:Telekinesis
959:Pyrokinesis
954:Psychometry
924:Poltergeist
333:Coincidance
258:fusion jazz
183:David Lloyd
167:John Beloff
152:David Marks
131:concept of
129:Carl Jung's
1328:Categories
1014:Xenoglossy
904:Paranormal
879:Mediumship
869:Levitation
814:Bilocation
564:Nonfiction
377:. (2000).
359:References
343:Pareidolia
179:Alan Moore
125:paranormal
91:0091102804
33:Hutchinson
1004:Telepathy
839:Ectoplasm
457:0260-4027
422:0007-1773
327:Apophenia
260:ensemble
223:Red Dwarf
214:Entangled
137:seriality
69:Published
1300:Category
321:See also
218:Series X
206:Watchmen
135:and the
51:Language
1312:Commons
934:Psychic
785:Outline
59:Subject
54:English
1160:People
859:Ghosts
792:Topics
715:(book)
518:Novels
455:
420:
387:
313:
303:
290:
216:") of
41:Author
809:Auras
231:Sting
80:Print
453:ISSN
418:ISSN
385:ISBN
311:ISBN
301:ISBN
288:ISBN
181:and
123:and
121:time
115:and
86:ISBN
72:1972
889:Orb
445:doi
410:doi
220:of
185:'s
139:of
1330::
451:.
441:14
439:.
416:.
404:.
367:^
209:.
203:'
143:.
768:e
761:t
754:v
503:e
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489:v
459:.
447::
424:.
412::
406:4
35:)
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