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184:, Oct/Nov 1987, P. 45, wrote that in 1965, Limbo, a boutique in the New York East Village, was "the first retailer to wash a new pair of jeans to get a used, worn effect, and the idea became a hit." He continued, " hired East Village artists to embellish the jeans with patches, decals, and other touches, and sold them for $ 200." In the early 1980s the denim industry introduced the
450:
as main sales channels and maintain an active social media presence. Digital space is now a key place for brands to showcase collections, and to develop personalities and relationships with customers. The history of trickle-up fashion and the influence of the digital world brought an evolution to the
81:
of their own, leaving only the upper social classes to influence the fashion trend. Lower social classes are therefore left to imitate the fashion trend of the rich. In contrast to this, the trickle-up effect describes an upward diffusion in which fashion styles from lower classes are adopted by the
134:
helped shift the perception of the T-shirt, thanks to their appearance with the garment in popular movies. Brando and Dean helped redefine the T-shirt as legitimate outerwear and a deliberately rebellious fashion statement. The T-shirt appears in collections of both low and high-end brands, due to
85:
In opposition to the downward diffusion of fashion in earlier years, we now encounter a phenomenon in which trends are more likely to be defined by the lower social strata. It was first described by Paul
Blumberg during the 1970s in the United States: " there has been in the last decade more
76:
of the trickle-up effect. Although the trickle-down effect itself has only first appeared in the 1950s, the concept can be traced back to sociologist Georg Simmel and economist
Thorstein Veblen. Trickle-down theory describes the inability of the lower social classes to develop fashion
404:
meanwhile play an important role in agencies' and brands' marketing strategies. Social media fashion icons can be seen as an example of the trickle-up effect in fashion, as they are able to form trends and influence fashion by presenting their own fashion taste on free platforms like
192:
pioneered the method, which helped to bring denim to a larger and more versatile market. Acceptance of jeans continued through the 1980s and 1990s. Originally an esoteric fashion choice, in the 2010s jeans may be seen being worn by men and women of all ages.
429:, but after digitalization people interested in fashion can participate through social media platforms. Social media has carried diversity to the industry, as anyone can present themselves and follow those who relate to them in body or lifestyle.
86:
percolating up from the bottom than trickling down from the top". Blumberg elaborates on this by stating that a variety of standards in fashion have been set by the déclassé and anti-class youth by using new styles, like long hair or a
445:
by imitating the style of the rich. The advent and spread of social media made it possible for people not on the top of the social scale to be noticed and gave them the ability to express their style from anywhere. Designers now have
216:
was the first designer who used this concept in her collections, which gave her the title "The Mother of Punk". She opened a popular shop in London, which was loved by the celebrities and music stars of the time, including punk band
241:
style shifted from being just worn by the lower and middle-class alternative youth to a widespread trend. From 2012 it had a huge comeback with looks made of flow-y-tops and skirts paired with knit shrugs. An example is
1240:
Wo, David X. H.; Schminke, Marshall; Ambrose, Maureen L. (2018-11-21). "Trickle-Down, Trickle-Out, Trickle-Up, Trickle-In, and
Trickle-Around Effects: An Integrative Perspective on Indirect Social Influence Phenomena".
177:, wearing jeans became a symbol of youth rebellion during the 1950s. During the 1960s the wearing of jeans became more acceptable, and by the 1970s it had become general fashion in the United States for casual wear.
212:
appeared for the first time in the UK in the 1970s. Punk style started as a youth movement, in which the concept of "anti-fashion" was a main feature, due to its origin in the lower classes.
45:, is an innovative fashion theory first described by Paul Blumberg in the 1970s. This effect describes when new trends are found on the streets, showing how innovation flows from
451:
fashion industry. As particular styles began to draw attention on the streets and digital space trends, top designers incorporated them into their collections: an example is
564:
Slobin, Mark; Bekhrad, Joobin; Volm, Florian; Pourgiv, Farideh; Fox, Paul; Kuta, Weronika; Reinel, Birgit (2015-01-01). "Reports: Publications, Films, Conferences".
396:
While influencing the fashion industry was out of reach for an ordinary consumer, social media started to change this former two-dimensional, one-sided industry.
180:
Examples of intentional denim distressing strictly to make them more fashionable can be seen as early as 1935 in Vogue's June issue. Michael
Belluomo, editor of
1645:
135:
its versatility and the ease of imposing messages on it. A significant example of the t-shirt as messenger is the "anti-nuclear" T-shirt worn by designer
246:'s spring collection (2011), which presented skirts with higher waist with the flow-y details towards the bottom. Hippie fashion, today also known as
1324:"How Social Media is Transforming the Fashion Consumers: The Effects of "Social" Consumer Attributes on Brand Engagement in Social Networking Sites"
328:. The idea of wearing clothes that seemed inexpensive and already worn was re-proposed in the 1993 Spring collections by avant-garde designers like
255:
1191:
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shirts, ripped jeans, combat boots, choker necklaces, and dark colored sheer tights, would be mainstreamed as a consequence of the huge success of
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225:, tattoos, chains and ripped jeans were the main features of the punk aesthetic. In 1977, this style started to be widely appreciated thanks to
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274:, pastel colors, white commuter sneakers, power shoulder and high waisted pants with skinny belts by major fashion houses like Ralph Lauren,
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Military-inspired clothing first appeared after World War II when lower and middle-class young people started to buy pea jackets and
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are some of the fashion houses that from 2010 proposed military-inspired collections. Combat boots, leather studded bracelets, and
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600:
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Blumberg, Paul (1974). "The
Decline and Fall of the Status Symbol: Some Thoughts on Status in a Post-Industrial Society".
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115:, from the Middle Age to the early 19th century, had traditionally been considered as a piece of undergarment worn by
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Fashion is currently a two-way route due to web digital space. Before the digital era people had to go physically to
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The
Classic Ten:poella grande y gruesa The True Story of the Little Black Dress and Nine Other Fashion Favorites
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Rosati, Eleonora (2019-07-10). "General Court finds 'CHIARA FERRAGNI' not confusingly similar to 'CHIARA'".
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1182:"FASHION : Grunge-a-Go-Go : Anything Old, Full of Holes, Even Downright Grubby Fits New Look"
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like #winterscarves, #millennials, or #winterfashion allow users to easily find virtually any trend.
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networks formed platforms which gave new possibilities to people with a special interest in fashion;
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Veblen's trickle-down theory was related to 19th and 20th century society's desire to climb the
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jackets with rows of buttons are pieces that can be easily found both in luxury runaways and in
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Another example of trickling-up in fashion is given by the revival of some iconic 1980s
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technique developed by GWG also known as "Great
Western Garment Co." Donald Freeland of
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This article is about the effect in fashion. For the fountain effect in economics, see
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53:. It is in contrast with classical theories of fashion consumption, such as those of
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2012:
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1215:"Grunge Pioneers: It Wasn't Just Marc Jacobs Who Looked to Seattle for Inspiration"
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54:
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Yeomans, Matthew (2018-04-25), "How social media made sustainability mainstream",
827:(2001). Blue Jeans. Vom Leben in Stoffen und Bildern. Frankfurt/ New York: Campus.
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61:, who theorize that the upper classes are the ones who dictate the fashion flow.
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pants as a sign of independence and protest against war. The trend survived, as
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989:"Westwood, Dame Vivienne (Isabel), (born 8 April 1941), fashion designer",
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167:, miners, farmers, and cattlemen throughout the North American West. After
229:' designs, that added punk elements on elegant gowns: punk chic was born.
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455:'s collaboration with a famous graffiti artist, or retailers such as
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799:"James Dean: an enduring influence on modern fashion | Fashion"
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of higher classes but also spreading their styles into the fashion
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200:
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25:
2030:
1944:
1428:"'Chiara Ferragni: Unposted' Is a Millennial Story of Making It"
773:"A History Of Blue Jeans: From Miners' Wear to American Classic"
144:
1512:
1367:"How Social Media Has Changed the Game in the Fashion Industry"
669:"A new exhibition will chart the history of the slogan T-shirt"
626:
Stride, Christopher; Catley, Nick; Headland, Joe (2019-02-20).
2172:
605:
1146:"5 'Yuppie' Fashion Trends That Are Totally Back in Style"
628:"Shirt tales: how adults adopted the replica football kit"
698:(1. publ. as a Norton paperback ed.). New York, NY:
143:
or the piece "We all should be feminists" presented at
1486:"How social media took streetwear into the mainstream"
1080:"Bohemian Style: The Ultimate 2023 Guide and History"
696:
Reinventing the Bazaar: A Natural
History of Markets
533:
Consumer culture : history, theory and politics
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2011:
2002:
1965:
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725:"To die for? The health and safety of fast fashion"
304:In the early 1990s, what would come to be known as
1361:
1359:
535:(1st ed.). Los Angeles: SAGE Publications.
1046:Lindgren, Mats (2012), "Jazzing Up The Data",
1524:
8:
1646:Timeline of clothing and textiles technology
1014:Lau, Thomas (1992), "7. Anarchy in the UK",
526:
524:
340:, causing disarray in the fashion industry.
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41:effect in the fashion field, also known as
2008:
1883:
1531:
1517:
1509:
1105:"Fashion trends always come back in style"
480:
478:
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1050:, Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 73–89,
740:
643:
256:Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival
1317:
1315:
993:, Oxford University Press, 2007-12-01,
472:
1286:"Fashion's Military Invasion Rolls On"
1213:Borrelli-Persson, Laird (2015-08-31).
1009:
1007:
1180:Robinson, Gaile (December 25, 1992).
902:. Worldflow Knowledge. Archived from
7:
1789:Social media in the fashion industry
1194:from the original on August 24, 2024
163:were simply sturdy trousers worn by
1016:Die heiligen Narren: Punk 1976-1986
797:Lauren Cochrane and Helen Seamons.
601:"The T-shirt: A rebel with a cause"
413:. An example is Italian influencer
308:, characterized by oversized plaid
999:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.39435
270:-inspired pieces of clothing like
14:
927:"Jean genie: The denim evolution"
437:From streetwear to the mainstream
182:Sportswear International Magazine
2466:
1631:History of clothing and textiles
1612:
1564:Environmental impact of fashion
1328:Fashion, Industry and Education
1158:from the original on 2022-08-12
925:Katya Foreman (April 1, 2015).
900:"Levi's By the Numbers (Men's)"
837:Smith, Nancy MacDonell (2003).
566:Anthropology of the Middle East
1018:, De Gruyter, pp. 51–58,
943:Courtney, Oscar (2010-05-04).
599:Bekhrad, Joobin (2018-02-02).
171:popularized them in the movie
1:
1457:, Routledge, pp. 21–33,
1284:Ferla, Ruth La (2010-02-20).
1144:Hepworth, Abby (2018-02-15).
645:10.1080/17460263.2019.1578255
531:Sassatelli, Roberta. (2007).
254:, and themed events like the
1322:Park, Hyejune (2017-06-30).
667:De Klerk, Amy (2018-02-07).
463:is sold at high-end prices.
1426:Yotka, Steff (2019-11-14).
1078:Jonas, Carla (2023-04-18).
723:Hobson, J. (July 1, 2013).
421:Key factors of social media
2510:
1636:History of Western fashion
344:Military-inspired clothing
290:1990s and grunge influence
18:
2461:
1641:History of fashion design
1610:
1550:Index of fashion articles
1547:
1341:10.7741/fie.2017.15.1.001
1122:10.14195/2182-8830_2-1_10
961:10.1108/09504121011045845
262:1980s and yuppies fashion
205:Punks on brick wall c1984
2021:British country clothing
1579:Fashion design copyright
1255:10.1177/0149206318812951
1103:Namora, Ricardo (2014).
1024:10.1515/9783110870404.51
233:1970s and hippie fashion
90:, to not only tease the
2380:Anti-sweatshop movement
1463:10.4324/9781351111638-3
1056:10.1057/9780230343290_4
1048:21st Century Management
843:. Penguin. p. 42.
694:McMillan, John (2003).
578:10.3167/ame.2015.100209
392:Role of digital culture
237:Born in the 1970s, the
2431:Chinoiserie in fashion
334:Christian Francis Roth
301:
206:
147:Fashion show in 2016.
139:during a meeting with
34:
1767:Fashion merchandising
1243:Journal of Management
742:10.1093/occmed/kqt079
729:Occupational Medicine
297:
204:
174:Rebel Without a Cause
29:
2342:South Korean fashion
1804:Trickle-down fashion
1742:Fashion illustration
1727:Fashion entrepreneur
1604:Semiotics of fashion
1405:10.1093/jiplp/jpz090
70:Trickle-down fashion
21:Trickle-up economics
2390:Sustainable fashion
2357:Vietnamese clothing
1888:Western dress codes
1762:Fashion photography
1737:Fashion forecasting
1371:The Fashion Network
121:blue-collar workers
72:can be seen as the
2473:Fashion portal
2421:Ballet and fashion
2405:Zero-waste fashion
2121:Sportswear fashion
1799:Trickle-up fashion
1784:Red carpet fashion
1752:Fashion journalism
1747:Fashion influencer
1291:The New York Times
302:
207:
35:
2481:
2480:
2448:Music and fashion
2258:
2257:
2208:Thrift store chic
2036:Cruise collection
1998:
1997:
1923:Black lounge suit
1707:Designer clothing
1702:Clothing industry
1569:Fashion accessory
1472:978-1-351-11163-8
1187:Los Angeles Times
1065:978-1-349-33428-5
1033:978-3-11-087040-4
949:Reference Reviews
850:978-0-14-200356-5
777:Mother Earth News
709:978-0-393-32371-9
542:978-1-84860-727-9
214:Vivienne Westwood
190:Edmonton, Alberta
141:Margaret Thatcher
137:Katharine Hamnett
43:bubble-up pattern
2501:
2471:
2470:
2469:
2426:Capsule wardrobe
2385:Circular fashion
2367:Fashion activism
2332:Nigerian fashion
2327:Japanese fashion
2285:Filipino fashion
2275:Canadian fashion
2270:American fashion
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1249:(6): 2263–2292.
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2310:Israeli fashion
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2280:Chinese fashion
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2149:
2145:Vintage fashion
2133:Ghetto fabulous
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2026:Business casual
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1712:Digital fashion
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415:Chiara Ferragni
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382:double-breasted
360:, Marc Jacobs,
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252:Vanessa Hudgens
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210:Punk subculture
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165:factory workers
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82:upper classes.
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47:the lower class
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1584:Fashion matrix
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1574:Fashion design
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461:street fashion
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316:bands such as
306:grunge fashion
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102:Example cases
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2395:Slow fashion
2375:Anti-fashion
2352:Thai fashion
2013:Smart casual
1933:Evening gown
1798:
1772:Fast fashion
1717:Fashion blog
1679:Fashion week
1674:Fashion show
1656:21st century
1651:19th century
1496:. Retrieved
1494:. 2016-05-06
1489:
1480:
1454:
1448:
1437:. Retrieved
1431:
1421:
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1375:. Retrieved
1373:. 2018-07-11
1370:
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1327:
1303:. Retrieved
1289:
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1224:. Retrieved
1218:
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1196:. Retrieved
1185:
1175:
1165:– via
1160:. Retrieved
1149:
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1098:
1087:. Retrieved
1083:
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984:
972:. Retrieved
955:(4): 46–47.
952:
948:
920:
910:December 31,
908:. Retrieved
904:the original
894:
882:. Retrieved
880:. 2013-03-11
875:
866:
854:. Retrieved
839:
832:
820:
808:. Retrieved
804:The Guardian
802:
792:
780:. Retrieved
776:
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689:
678:. Retrieved
672:
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635:
631:
621:
610:. Retrieved
604:
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532:
490:
486:
440:
424:
398:Social media
395:
386:fast fashion
347:
303:
272:kitten heels
265:
244:Ralph Lauren
236:
208:
181:
179:
172:
157:Levi Strauss
154:
125:
110:
84:
68:
55:Georg Simmel
42:
38:
36:
2233:Heavy metal
2155:Alternative
2138:Bling-bling
2068:Young fogey
1918:Semi-formal
1813:Traditional
1757:Fashion law
1334:(1): 1–11.
856:January 13,
810:October 28,
402:influencers
330:Marc Jacobs
326:Soundgarden
280:Dr. Martens
219:Sex Pistols
155:Initially,
88:shabby chic
51:upper class
30:Women on a
2436:Dress code
2263:By country
2248:Rockabilly
2111:Athleisure
2106:Sportswear
2086:Streetwear
2063:Teddy Boys
2046:Ivy League
1832:Diplomatic
1822:Ceremonial
1498:2023-06-23
1439:2023-06-23
1377:2023-06-23
1305:2023-06-23
1226:2023-06-23
1198:August 24,
1167:Yahoo Life
1162:2023-06-23
1089:2023-06-23
872:"De Nimes"
680:2023-06-23
612:2023-06-23
467:References
276:Tory Burch
221:. Studded
197:Punk style
169:James Dean
132:James Dean
74:antithesis
39:trickle-up
2203:Steampunk
2163:Androgyny
1975:Christian
1967:Religious
1928:Black tie
1911:Ball gown
1906:White tie
1794:Sweatshop
1455:Trust Inc
1413:1747-1532
1350:2508-3023
1300:0362-4331
1271:202164238
1263:0149-2063
1131:2182-8830
991:Who's Who
974:March 12,
969:0950-4125
877:Vice News
782:March 17,
751:0962-7480
654:1746-0263
586:1746-0719
551:698103786
507:0037-7791
407:Instagram
322:Pearl Jam
248:boho-chic
2488:Category
2414:See also
2400:Trashion
2198:Skinhead
2168:Bohemian
2126:Surfwear
2116:Gorpcore
1955:Pantsuit
1940:Informal
1844:Military
1837:Academic
1815:clothing
1777:in China
1689:Industry
1542:articles
1192:Archived
1156:Archived
1084:TPS Blog
759:23837074
459:, where
431:Hashtags
411:Facebook
388:chains.
378:Burberry
338:Anna Sui
2494:Fashion
2441:Undress
2320:History
2218:Greaser
2101:Hipster
2091:Hip hop
1985:Islamic
1859:Service
1623:History
1557:General
1540:Fashion
1491:Digiday
1151:PureWow
884:May 30,
374:D&G
358:Balmain
318:Nirvana
314:Seattle
310:flannel
223:chokers
117:sailors
113:T-shirt
107:T-shirt
65:Origins
32:catwalk
2228:Grunge
2213:Rocker
2188:Lolita
2183:Gothic
2178:Fetish
2096:Hippie
2041:Preppy
2004:Casual
1980:Jewish
1896:Formal
1871:Combat
1864:Sailor
1697:Awards
1666:Events
1469:
1411:
1348:
1298:
1269:
1261:
1129:
1109:Matlit
1062:
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700:Norton
652:
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515:799987
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370:Lanvin
366:Hermes
362:Celine
354:Chanel
336:, and
324:, and
282:, and
268:yuppie
239:hippie
2243:Skate
2193:Queer
1827:Court
1433:Vogue
1267:S2CID
1220:Vogue
572:(2).
511:JSTOR
453:Gucci
350:khaki
161:jeans
151:Jeans
96:elite
79:style
2238:Punk
2223:Glam
2031:Chic
1945:Suit
1878:Folk
1854:Mess
1849:Full
1467:ISBN
1409:ISSN
1346:ISSN
1296:ISSN
1259:ISSN
1200:2024
1127:ISSN
1060:ISBN
1028:ISBN
976:2020
965:ISSN
912:2010
886:2017
858:2011
845:ISBN
812:2015
784:2017
755:PMID
747:ISSN
704:ISBN
650:ISSN
582:ISSN
547:OCLC
537:ISBN
503:ISSN
376:and
284:Tibi
145:Dior
130:and
119:and
111:The
57:and
37:The
2173:Emo
2053:Mod
1459:doi
1401:doi
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640:doi
606:BBC
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
