673:
151:
525:
685:
114:
509:
537:
641:
569:
42:
657:
581:
605:
159:
713:
557:
593:
629:
617:
77:
467:, is celebrated in each village with a procession through the village to the high pastures. The cows are decorated with floral wreaths woven through the horns. The best milk-producing cow in the village leads the procession and wears the largest bell. The bells are made in various sizes, and are awarded to the cows according to their milk production that year.
684:
280:. Some people put bells on their livestock because they believe the foreign sound of the bell scares off predators, however, some studies have shown that the sound of the bell has the opposite effect and leads predators to livestock because predators develop a learned association between the sound of the bell and the presence of a prey animal.
49:
47:
44:
43:
48:
46:
448:
Modern-day manufacturing of cow bells continues today in Korea, Indonesia, and India, many created as village handicrafts. Despite a May 2012 fire that destroyed its factory, the Bevin
Brothers Manufacturing Company continues to make cow bell bells in East Hampton, CT, as it has since its founding in
102:
210:
such as the power to prevent or cure fever and other illnesses. Different bells can have specific sounds to identify important characteristics of the animals, such as age, sex, and species. Some cultures have even developed names to differentiate between bells and their tones; for example, in
496:
Cow bells can be as loud as 113 decibels, and it has been suggested that this may cause pain or deafness in animals wearing them. A study published in 2015 found that wearing a bell over three days caused cows to spend less time feeding, ruminating, and lying down. Animal rights campaigners,
328:. During this era, there is evidence of early forms of pottery cowbells, which were likely used to track goats, sheep, and cattle. The pottery bells were later replaced by metal bells. In West Asia, the first bells appeared in 1000 BC. The earliest metal bells, one found in the
137:
worn around the neck of free-roaming livestock so herders can keep track of an animal via the sound of the bell when the animal is grazing out of view in hilly landscapes or vast plains. Although they are typically referred to as "cow bells" due to their extensive use with
418:
such was the custom, to appear on the field wearing jingling garment, as the high priest wears when entering the sacristy; since the tournaments, that is, the contest of nobility, have been abolished, carters have taken the bells and hung them on their
672:
524:
977:
Ingleborough
Archaeology Group 2015. The Crummack Dale Project: Excavation of three early medieval steadings and a lime kiln. Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority Report Number SYD 14070: pp. 81-82. Retrieved July 24, 2020
86:
45:
907:
China produced the earliest bells anywhere in the world. The earliest metal bells may have been derived from pottery prototypes, which date back to the late stage of the Yang-Shao culture (early third millennium
444:
As opposed to regular cast-metal bells, 'trychlen' are made of hammered sheet metal. This results in a clanking, less crisp sound, but at the same time results in a bell that is lighter and thus easier to carry.
101:
347:
of the 7th to 9th centuries AD at Eassie, Angus and Fowlis Wester, Perthshire. Small iron bells of 8th or 9th century date, argued to be for cow or sheep, have been excavated from upland farm settlements at
441:
tells how a young cowherd strays inside a mountain, and is offered by a beautiful woman the choice between a treasure of gold coins, a golden
Trychel, or the fairy herself. He chooses the Trychel.
100:
298:
for students. Today that has led to 60,000 cowbells ringing around
Mississippi State Bulldog Athletics. Mississippi State now holds the world record for most cowbells ringing simultaneously.
400:, 1374. In 15th-century Germany, a cow bell was worn only by the best and leading piece of livestock. The wider distribution of the bell worn by livestock was a gradual process of the
1318:
1244:
206:
to have a surface which can be decorated or left plain. The ornaments on the cow bell and the collar are usually decorative although some cultures believe that certain ornaments
150:
1123:
87:
390:. The OED also attributes the phrase "to bear the bell" in the sense "to take the first place" as originally referring to the leading cow or sheep of a drove or flock to
792:
Loveridge, Andrew J.; Kuiper, Timothy; Parry, Roger H.; Sibanda, Lovemore; Hunt, Jane Hunt; Stapelkamp, Brent; Sebele, Lovelater; Macdonald, David W. (24 January 2017).
991:
1050:
1278:
64:
640:
536:
85:
580:
482:, "crown cow", after the ornamental headwear with which it is adorned) from each herd again lead the procession. The traditional festival is called
508:
194:
and wood fibers. The craftsmanship of cow bells varies by geographic location and culture. Most cow bells are made of thin, flat pieces of plated
309:
63:
968:'View of lower detail of reverse of Fowlis Wester Pictish cross slab', catalogue number SC 1458573, Canmore ID 26193, retrieved 24 July, 2020.
737:
1304:
893:
656:
1425:
604:
1127:
1311:
62:
859:
794:"Bells, bomas and beefsteak: complex patterns of human-predator conflict at the wildlife-agropastoral interface in Zimbabwe"
568:
343:
to Celtic, Carthaginian, Greek and Roman cultures. The earliest depictions of bells used for livestock in
Britain appear on
367:
In Europe, the earliest written evidence of bells used for livestock dates to the late 14th to early 15th century. Grimm's
1420:
295:
437:, which reflects a period when a great Trychel, or large cow bell, was a rare and much-coveted item. The legend of the
1405:
924:
113:
763:
844:
324:
Archaeological evidence of bells dates back to more than 5000 years ago, from the 3rd millennium BC in
Neolithic
712:
410:
35:
1400:
370:
1291:
592:
233:
for pregnant females and immature animals. Each of these bells possess unique sounds, shapes, and sizes.
647:
313:
979:
702:. The bell's body is made of aluminum, probably a broken kitchen utensil, while the clapper is a brass
1328:
1189:
703:
556:
396:
31:
1010:
401:
117:
The cowbells are different depending on the species, sex and age of animals. These are used in the
628:
616:
1410:
1096:
1031:
864:
257:
1349:
1225:
1207:
889:
883:
825:
695:
405:
361:
134:
1215:
1197:
815:
805:
340:
212:
1415:
1108:
1043:
1006:
690:
An improvised cowbell used for sheep or goats. The bell was found in 1988 in a field near
353:
187:
1193:
1359:
1220:
1177:
820:
793:
497:
including the German Animal
Welfare Society, have called for a ban on using cow bells.
434:
308:
158:
1394:
1150:
344:
284:
261:
360:, the leading sheep of a flock, on whose neck a bell is hung, is in the Carolingian
543:
476:, as the animals return from the high meadow. The best cows (each referred to as a
458:
349:
265:
530:
Ancient
Madoera festival. Madoera (Madura), Sawah Tengah, Java Oriental, Indonesia
294:
In the 1960s, Earl W. Terrell and Ralph L. Reeves welded handles onto cowbells at
1202:
1079:
663:
288:
203:
195:
69:
54:
1296:
387:
357:
107:
1211:
1178:"Do bells affect behaviour and heart rate variability in grazing dairy cows?"
30:
This article is about the agricultural tool. For the musical instrument, see
1379:
1374:
1354:
963:
699:
438:
379:
317:
92:
1229:
996:
948:
829:
291:
races. They are usually held in the hand rather than worn around the neck.
76:
1245:"German animal rights activists call for Bavarian cowbells to be silenced"
1344:
1151:"No More Cowbell! Bovines May Be Hurt By Heavy, Noisy Bells, Study Finds"
691:
241:
118:
17:
810:
515:
391:
333:
269:
199:
191:
1064:
1369:
273:
253:
207:
179:
171:
139:
678:
Plowing a rice field with oxen, about 1910-1920 in Sawa (Indonesia).
457:
In
Western Europe, when the snow has melted in the spring, villages
1339:
586:
Ancient Roman cowbell in a Bavarian museum, Weißenburg ( Bayern ).
547:
329:
325:
307:
245:
175:
157:
149:
112:
98:
83:
75:
60:
40:
488:
in Southern Germany, and has other names in the Alpine regions.
425:
375:
277:
237:
183:
167:
1300:
885:
Suspended Music: Chime Bells in the Culture of Bronze Age China
449:
1832; it is the only remaining U.S. company making just bells.
383:
249:
236:
Bells are used to keep track of grazing animal herds such as
919:
Huang, Houming. "Prehistoric Music Culture of China", in
845:"The art of noise in sport: How the cowbell came of age"
773:. United States Department of Agriculture. October 2002
764:"Wildlife Services: Helping Producers Manage Predation"
470:
In the fall, the event is repeated, but is called an
1176:
Johns, Julia; Patt, Antonia; Hillmann, Edna (2015).
610:
Another wood collar for cowbell with carved symbols.
264:, but are also used worldwide by those who practice
142:, the bells are used on a wide variety of animals.
433:The importance of the cow bell is highlighted in
190:used to hold the bell is traditionally made with
1124:"Alps: When the cows come home, it's party time"
923:, 2002, No. 3:18–27. ISSN 1003-1731. pp. 20–27.
888:. University of California Press. p. 132.
416:
283:Cowbells are often rung by human spectators at
166:The bell and clapper are commonly crafted from
938:Falkenhausen (1994), 132, Appendix I 329, 342.
877:
875:
453:Examples of cow bells in ceremonial traditions
1312:
860:"10 Things You Need To Know About Cyclocross"
339:Bells for shepherding were expanded from the
287:events, and also, particularly in the US, at
228:
222:
216:
8:
953:, Canmore ID 32092, retrieved 24 July, 2020.
483:
477:
471:
462:
386:lists 1440 as the earliest attestation of a
368:
378:"Kuhschelle" points to a 1410 mention in a
1319:
1305:
1297:
1219:
1201:
819:
809:
312:Copper hawk bell, from the Pre-Columbian
738:"Calls for a cowbell ban in Switzerland"
459:send the cows to the high alpine meadows
1049:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
729:
504:
1104:
1094:
1065:"Bevin Brothers Manufacturing Company"
1039:
1029:
744:. Fox News Network, LLC. 24 March 2015
208:provide or enhance magical protections
27:Bell worn around the neck of livestock
404:. In France in the mid-16th century,
7:
408:makes this practice explicit in his
162:Cowbell made in wood from Indonesia.
1126:. Stars and Stripes. Archived from
106:Various types of cowbells from the
68:Bells on a herd of cows grazing on
1149:Sam Frizell (September 25, 2014).
843:Lukas, Oliver (19 December 2012).
336:site, are dated to about 2000 BC.
25:
1243:Justin Huggler (25 August 2015).
154:Ancient Southwest Asian cowbells.
1122:Larkin, Leah (August 25, 2005).
921:Cultural Relics of Central China
882:Lothar Von Falkenhausen (1993).
858:Merrett, Jim (20 October 2013).
711:
683:
671:
655:
639:
627:
615:
603:
591:
579:
567:
555:
535:
523:
507:
1081:Twelve Festivals of Switzerland
1078:Spicer, Dorothy Gladys (1958).
650:cow wearing a 'trychel' cowbell
352:and Gauber High Pasture in the
91:Various types of cowbells from
1292:Cowbells in Polish collections
1:
461:to graze. This event, called
227:to female goats or ewes, and
1275:Treicheln, Schellen, Glocken
1203:10.1371/journal.pone.0131632
1019:] (in German). Stuttgart
296:Mississippi State University
1426:Chinese musical instruments
1251:. Telegraph Media Group Ltd
1442:
1084:. The H. W. Wilson Company
356:. An early depiction of a
252:. They are mainly used in
57:cow grazing with a cowbell
29:
1335:
598:A wood collar for cowbell
718:Swiss souvenir cow bells
411:Gargantua and Pantagruel
146:Characteristics and uses
36:Cowbell (disambiguation)
928:(subscription required)
492:Animal welfare concerns
1012:Die güldene Kuhschelle
484:
478:
472:
463:
431:
369:
364:of the ninth century.
332:site, and four in the
321:
229:
223:
221:refers to stud males,
217:
163:
155:
122:
110:
96:
81:
73:
58:
34:. For other uses, see
1329:percussion idiophones
1017:The Golden Kuhschelle
771:/agrilifecdn.tamu.edu
648:Simmentaler Fleckvieh
345:Pictish carved stones
314:Mississippian culture
311:
161:
153:
116:
105:
90:
79:
67:
52:
1421:Bulgarian traditions
574:Italian animal bells
546:culture in Southern
542:Brass cowbells from
397:Troilus and Criseyde
371:Deutsches Wörterbuch
32:Cowbell (instrument)
1194:2015PLoSO..1031632J
666:fiesta (Cantabria).
634:Iron cowbell view 2
622:Iron cowbell view 1
514:Bells for animals,
424:cited after Grimm,
402:Early Modern period
272:pastoral tribes in
258:Mediterranean areas
1406:Bells (percussion)
1273:Robert Schwaller,
811:10.7717/peerj.2898
562:Greek animal bells
322:
164:
156:
123:
111:
97:
82:
74:
59:
1388:
1387:
1130:on August 4, 2011
895:978-0-520-07378-4
406:Francois Rabelais
362:Stuttgart Psalter
103:
88:
80:Goat with cowbell
65:
50:
16:(Redirected from
1433:
1321:
1314:
1307:
1298:
1261:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1240:
1234:
1233:
1223:
1205:
1173:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1146:
1140:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1119:
1113:
1112:
1106:
1102:
1100:
1092:
1090:
1089:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1061:
1055:
1054:
1047:
1041:
1037:
1035:
1027:
1025:
1024:
1007:Lienert, Meinrad
1003:
997:
995:
988:
982:
980:Available as PDF
975:
969:
967:
960:
954:
952:
945:
939:
936:
930:
929:
917:
911:
910:
904:
902:
879:
870:
869:
855:
849:
848:
840:
834:
833:
823:
813:
789:
783:
782:
780:
778:
768:
760:
754:
753:
751:
749:
734:
715:
687:
675:
659:
643:
631:
619:
607:
595:
583:
571:
559:
539:
527:
511:
487:
481:
475:
466:
429:
374:
341:fertile crescent
232:
226:
220:
104:
89:
66:
51:
21:
1441:
1440:
1436:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1431:
1430:
1391:
1390:
1389:
1384:
1331:
1325:
1288:
1270:
1268:Further reading
1265:
1264:
1254:
1252:
1249:telegraph.co.uk
1242:
1241:
1237:
1188:(6): e0131632.
1175:
1174:
1170:
1160:
1158:
1157:. Time USA, LLC
1148:
1147:
1143:
1133:
1131:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1103:
1093:
1087:
1085:
1077:
1076:
1072:
1063:
1062:
1058:
1048:
1038:
1028:
1022:
1020:
1005:
1004:
1000:
990:
989:
985:
976:
972:
964:"Fowlis Wester"
962:
961:
957:
947:
946:
942:
937:
933:
927:
918:
914:
900:
898:
896:
881:
880:
873:
857:
856:
852:
842:
841:
837:
791:
790:
786:
776:
774:
766:
762:
761:
757:
747:
745:
736:
735:
731:
726:
719:
716:
707:
694:(Tekoa) in the
688:
679:
676:
667:
660:
651:
644:
635:
632:
623:
620:
611:
608:
599:
596:
587:
584:
575:
572:
563:
560:
551:
540:
531:
528:
519:
512:
503:
494:
455:
430:
423:
414:, stating that
354:Yorkshire Dales
306:
148:
99:
84:
61:
41:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1439:
1437:
1429:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1401:Swiss folklore
1393:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1383:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1360:Bock-a-da-bock
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1326:
1324:
1323:
1316:
1309:
1301:
1295:
1294:
1287:
1286:External links
1284:
1283:
1282:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1235:
1168:
1141:
1114:
1070:
1056:
998:
983:
970:
955:
940:
931:
912:
894:
871:
850:
835:
784:
755:
728:
727:
725:
722:
721:
720:
717:
710:
708:
689:
682:
680:
677:
670:
668:
662:Procession of
661:
654:
652:
645:
638:
636:
633:
626:
624:
621:
614:
612:
609:
602:
600:
597:
590:
588:
585:
578:
576:
573:
566:
564:
561:
554:
552:
541:
534:
532:
529:
522:
520:
513:
506:
502:
499:
493:
490:
454:
451:
435:Swiss folklore
421:
305:
302:
147:
144:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1438:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1334:
1330:
1322:
1317:
1315:
1310:
1308:
1303:
1302:
1299:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1285:
1280:
1279:2005 addendum
1276:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1250:
1246:
1239:
1236:
1231:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1172:
1169:
1156:
1152:
1145:
1142:
1129:
1125:
1118:
1115:
1110:
1098:
1083:
1082:
1074:
1071:
1066:
1060:
1057:
1052:
1045:
1033:
1018:
1014:
1013:
1008:
1002:
999:
993:
987:
984:
981:
974:
971:
965:
959:
956:
950:
944:
941:
935:
932:
926:
922:
916:
913:
909:
897:
891:
887:
886:
878:
876:
872:
867:
866:
861:
854:
851:
846:
839:
836:
831:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
803:
799:
795:
788:
785:
772:
765:
759:
756:
743:
739:
733:
730:
723:
714:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
686:
681:
674:
669:
665:
658:
653:
649:
642:
637:
630:
625:
618:
613:
606:
601:
594:
589:
582:
577:
570:
565:
558:
553:
549:
545:
538:
533:
526:
521:
517:
510:
505:
500:
498:
491:
489:
486:
480:
474:
468:
465:
460:
452:
450:
446:
442:
440:
436:
427:
420:
415:
413:
412:
407:
403:
399:
398:
393:
389:
388:'bell-wether'
385:
382:archive; the
381:
377:
373:
372:
365:
363:
359:
355:
351:
350:Crummack Dale
346:
342:
337:
335:
331:
327:
319:
315:
310:
303:
301:
299:
297:
292:
290:
286:
285:Alpine skiing
281:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
262:Latin America
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
234:
231:
225:
219:
214:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
160:
152:
145:
143:
141:
136:
132:
128:
120:
115:
109:
94:
78:
71:
56:
37:
33:
19:
1364:
1274:
1255:November 14,
1253:. Retrieved
1248:
1238:
1185:
1181:
1171:
1161:November 14,
1159:. Retrieved
1154:
1144:
1132:. Retrieved
1128:the original
1117:
1086:. Retrieved
1080:
1073:
1059:
1021:. Retrieved
1016:
1011:
1001:
992:"folio 164v"
986:
973:
958:
943:
934:
920:
915:
906:
899:. Retrieved
884:
863:
853:
838:
801:
797:
787:
775:. Retrieved
770:
758:
746:. Retrieved
741:
732:
696:Judean hills
495:
469:
456:
447:
443:
432:
417:
409:
395:
366:
338:
323:
300:
293:
282:
268:, including
266:transhumance
235:
165:
130:
126:
124:
1134:October 29,
1105:|work=
1040:|work=
901:February 8,
777:December 4,
748:December 4,
742:FoxNews.com
664:La Vijanera
289:cyclo-cross
230:"esquileta"
204:sheet metal
202:causes the
196:sheet metal
70:Monte Baldo
55:Brown Swiss
1395:Categories
1088:2014-03-06
1023:2014-03-06
724:References
485:Viehscheid
479:'Kranzkuh'
473:"Alpabzug"
358:bellwether
108:Swiss Alps
1411:Livestock
1380:Kulintang
1375:Gandingan
1355:Bell tree
1212:1932-6203
1107:ignored (
1097:cite book
1042:ignored (
1032:cite book
804:: e2898.
704:cartridge
700:West Bank
464:Alpaufzug
439:Simmental
428:"Schelle"
380:Frankfurt
318:Tennessee
224:"esquila"
93:Karnataka
1345:Babendil
1230:26110277
1182:PLOS ONE
1155:time.com
1009:(1915).
949:"Eassie"
830:28149682
422:—
242:reindeer
131:cow bell
119:Pyrenees
18:Trycheln
1365:Cowbell
1327:Vessel
1277:(1996;
1221:4482024
1190:Bibcode
865:Esquire
821:5267574
518:markets
516:Kashgar
501:Gallery
392:Chaucer
334:Erlitou
304:History
270:nomadic
218:"truco"
213:Spanish
200:Plating
192:leather
133:) is a
127:cowbell
95:, India
72:, Italy
1416:Cattle
1370:Cymbal
1228:
1218:
1210:
892:
847:. CNN.
828:
818:
698:, the
419:hacks.
274:Africa
254:Europe
188:collar
186:. The
180:copper
172:bronze
140:cattle
1340:Agung
1015:[
798:PeerJ
767:(PDF)
706:case.
692:Tuqu'
548:India
544:Tamil
330:Taosi
326:China
320:(US).
246:sheep
238:goats
182:, or
176:brass
121:area.
1350:Bell
1257:2020
1226:PMID
1208:ISSN
1163:2020
1136:2011
1109:help
1051:link
1044:help
925:Link
903:2013
890:ISBN
826:PMID
779:2019
750:2019
426:s.v.
376:s.v.
278:Asia
276:and
260:and
250:cows
248:and
184:wood
168:iron
135:bell
129:(or
1216:PMC
1198:doi
908:BC)
816:PMC
806:doi
394:'s
384:OED
316:in
1397::
1281:).
1247:.
1224:.
1214:.
1206:.
1196:.
1186:10
1184:.
1180:.
1153:.
1101::
1099:}}
1095:{{
1036::
1034:}}
1030:{{
905:.
874:^
862:.
824:.
814:.
800:.
796:.
769:.
740:.
646:A
256:,
244:,
240:,
215:,
198:.
178:,
174:,
170:,
125:A
53:A
1320:e
1313:t
1306:v
1259:.
1232:.
1200::
1192::
1165:.
1138:.
1111:)
1091:.
1067:.
1053:)
1046:)
1026:.
994:.
966:.
951:.
868:.
832:.
808::
802:5
781:.
752:.
550:.
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
