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Calcutta on 24 December 1937. When the Hooper
Commission published its findings the local British government repealed the ban on labour unions in 1938, created a framework for collective bargaining, and setup the Mauritian Department of Labour whilst also creating institutions to help arbitrate grievances between employers and labourers. The legalising of labour unions in addition to the other reforms also greatly enhanced labour conditions. The incident also led to the democratisation of agricultural extension and research services to small scale sugarcane farmers. Thereby increasing their access to technology and improving their long term economic standing.
470:
strong political position within the local government of
Mauritius. Both due to their economic power and because the British colonial government was concerned about aggravating pro-French sentiment amongst Franco-Mauritians during the 1800s. Fearing that they would agitate either for independence or to become a French colony again as advocated by the Retrocessionist Movement or Retrocession Movement which was active at that time. This further prevent labour reform on the island and aggravated the difficult working conditions of the sugar can labourers.
540:
more. Sookdeo Gobin, Dawood
Lallmahomed and Anadoh Gowree died at the scene after being shot at the sacrum and legs. Seriously wounded labourers included Mamode Aniff Ramjan, Arjoon Narain, Abdool Azize Jeanath, Brizlall Beeharry, Sookdeo Koonjbeeharry, Pyandee Veerin and Lutchmun Sungkur. The protesters dispersed whilst setting fire to surrounding sugar cane fields. Word spread and protests lasted for an additional two weeks across the island.
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they overturned tramways. Armed staff at the refinery met the demonstrators who then attempted to storm the facility where
Deoranarain Gujadhur and Ramnarain Gujadhur were on duty. Fearing for their personal safety the Gujadhurs fired on the demonstrators, killing 3 labourers and wounding at least 7
510:
at the time the
British government in Mauritius initially sought a conciliatory approach whilst the Labour Party held rallies calling for political and economic reform. By mid-August the strikes had spread to other sugar estates across the island. The government sought to negotiate with the sugar
548:
Following the 1937 Uba riots the Hooper
Commission of Enquiry was immediately instigated by the Government of Mauritius. During the commission's hearing Rajcoomar Gujadhur, as well as Ramnarain Gujadhur and Deonarain Gujadhur, left Mauritius onboard the British India ship SS Quiloa for Colombo and
497:
content than traditional varieties of sugarcane meaning that the mills would produce less refined sugar from it. Since the growers of sugarcane were paid by weight the sugar refineries experienced lower profits whilst the growers were paid more per harvest. In July 1937, at the beginning of that
469:
elite that owned the large Sugar Cane estates. This created a distance between labourers and the land owning elite who ran the Sugar Mills resulting in a lack of any mechanism for the cane labourers to raise grievances with their employers. The owners of the large sugar plantations held a very
501:
Following the announcement of the fifteen percent reduction in the Uba cane price labourers on the Rich Fund estate asked the
Sirdars or managers to intervene to raise the price. After getting no satisfaction the labourers went on strike and caused a number of minor disturbances. Due to
498:
year's sugarcane harvest, the sugar refineries announced that they would only accept Uba cane for fifteen percent less than regular sugarcane. This combined with the depressed state of the sugar market internationally put great economic strain on growers.
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exile and the house arrest of
Sahadeo and Curé the profile of the Labour Party was greatly enhanced helping to create the conditions for it to join forces with the IFB and CAM to form the first governing alliance
580:
to declare a state of emergency. Labour Party leaders
Sahadeo, Curé and Anquetil also became targets of the British colonial administration. Dr Curé was placed under house arrest, Anquetil was deported to
444:
commonly cultivated by small hold owning cane growers and labourers at the time who initiated the riots due to an unexpected reduction in the price sugar mills were prepared to pay for the cane.
519:, became the target of arson attacks and property damage. This along with a suggestion by the police to deal with their own security lead to the stockpiling of weapons on the estate.
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also went on strike in
September 1938, thus crippling the island's only port and its economy. The Moody Commission of Enquiry of 1943 which was instigated following the
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Many small scale farmers planted the hardier but less productive Uba variety of sugarcane. Although Uba produced more cane by weight it also had a lower
465:. The Sirdars used family labour to make their sugar plots profitable. The Sirdars also acted as middlemen between sharecropping rural workers and the
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refineries to increase the price of Uba cane but a few estates refused. One of the estates that refused to increase the price, the
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refers to an outbreak of riots and civil disturbances that broke out amongst small scale sugar cane growers on the island of
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Storey, William Kelleher (1995). "Small-Scale Sugar Cane Farmers and Biotechnology in Mauritius: The "Uba" Riots of 1937".
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also highlighted the inadequate remuneration and conditions of those working in the Mauritian sugar industry.
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in August 1937. The riots led to the death of 4 people with an additional 6 people being injured.
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The martyrs of the Uba Riots and massacre of 13 August 1937 were commemorated by Mauritian singer
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On the 13 August 1937 around 200 small planters and labourers marched towards the refinery at
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To help address this issue and improve overall working conditions for rural labourers the
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from the 1870s onward forming a class of small land owners who came to be known as
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734:"Mauritius 1937: The Origins of a Milestone in Colonial Trade Union Legislation"
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which had been formed a year earlier. The dockers' strike of September 1938 in
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and Pandit Sahadeo was placed under house arrest for almost 2 weeks. Despite
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strikes, rioting, clashes with the police, looting, protests, rallies, arson
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The Union Flacq Estate sugar refinery where the 1937 riot started.
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Large sugar estates sold off less productive land to better-off
865:"Gujadhurs of Mauritius: inheritance of the hindu joint family"
793:"Gujadhurs of Mauritius: inheritance of the hindu joint family"
681:"A Chronology of Key Events in Mauritius - Vintage Mauritius"
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About a year after the 1937 Union Flacq massacre dockers in
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of an independent Mauritius 30 years later in August 1967.
1009:"Chansons engagées : des combats encore d'actualité"
985:"Discography Siven Chinien Ratsitatane,Conscience Noire"
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The deadly 1937 protest had a significant impact on the
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Expanded political and economic rights for labourers
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52:
37:
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771:"The Sugar Industry and the Labour Unrest of 1937"
102:unexpected reduction in the price of Uba sugarcane
1031:"Révolte populaire et démocratisation du savoir"
477:(MLP) was founded on the 23 February 1936 by Dr
732:Croucher, Richard; Mcilroy, John (2013-07-01).
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936:"Report of the Truth and Justice Commission"
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27:Outbreak of riots and civil disturbances
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612:which was released in his 1970s album
1072:Riots and civil disorder in Mauritius
965:"1937 Lannée Memorable Siven Chinien"
839:"The Strike That Changed Our History"
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293:Excision of the Chagos Archipelago
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915:"The struggle of Pandit Sahadeo"
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870:. Serials Publications Pvt. Ltd
798:. Serials Publications Pvt. Ltd
592:Independence Party (Mauritius)
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614:Ratsitatane, Conscience Noire
283:1943 Belle Vue Harel Massacre
220:Dutch Expedition to Mauritius
1092:Indian diaspora in Mauritius
1082:Anti-Indian racism in Africa
750:10.1080/0023656X.2013.804268
298:Expulsion of the Chagossians
1087:Labor disputes in Mauritius
483:Emmanuel ‘Jacques’ Anquetil
437:Uba refers to a variety of
330:Modern History of Mauritius
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890:"Remembering August 1937"
818:"Remembering August 1937"
544:Impact on workers' rights
308:Independence of Mauritius
288:1965 Mauritius race riots
140:5. Sookdeo Koonjbeeharry
709:. lexpress.mu. L'Express
570:Labour Party (Mauritius)
558:Belle Vue Harel Massacre
136:3. Abdool Azize Jeanath
41:13 August 1937
428:Mauritian riots of 1937
204:Portuguese in Mauritius
132:1. Mamode Aniff Ramjan
100:Poor labour conditions
1011:. Kozé Zigzag Kiltirel
609:1937 L'année Memorable
576:prompted Governor Sir
475:Mauritian Labour Party
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188:Discovery of Mauritius
124:2. Dawood Lallmahomed
1029:Hookoomsing, Vinesh.
913:Peerthum, Satyendra.
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324:Mauritius (1968–1992)
138:4. Brizlall Beeharry
81:20.21278°S 57.69250°E
652:Agricultural History
338:1999 Mauritian riots
303:1968 Mauritian riots
268:Indentured labourers
144:7. Lutchmun Sungkur
57:Union Flacq Estate,
1062:Murder in Mauritius
316:Independence (1968)
273:1911 Curepipe riots
255:British (1810–1968)
86:-20.21278; 57.69250
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1077:August 1937 events
564:Impact on politics
517:Rajcoomar Gujadhur
513:Union-Flacq estate
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239:French (1710–1810)
142:6. Pyandee Veerin
1057:1937 in Mauritius
892:. Mauritius Times
820:. Mauritius Times
773:. Mauritius Times
685:Vintage Mauritius
459:Indian Mauritians
453:Labour conditions
439:Saccharum sinense
424:Uba riots of 1937
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278:Uba riots of 1937
263:British Mauritius
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134:2. Arjoon Narain
126:3. Anadoh Gowree
122:1. Sookdeo Gobin
33:Uba riots of 1937
18:Uba riots of 1937
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847:. Retrieved
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687:. 2014-07-18
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606:in his song
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917:. L'Express
529:Union-Flacq
227:(1638–1710)
167:History of
115:Resulted in
84: /
1067:1937 riots
1051:Categories
1036:2007-08-15
1015:2017-11-26
994:2020-09-04
970:2020-09-04
949:2011-11-15
921:2003-10-21
896:2018-09-03
874:2023-01-28
849:2018-08-19
824:2018-09-03
802:2023-01-28
777:2017-09-01
755:2018-08-18
713:2017-02-22
691:2018-08-18
620:References
587:Anquetil's
574:Port Louis
554:Port Louis
448:Background
196:Portuguese
72:57°41′33″E
69:20°12′46″S
45:1937-08-13
583:Rodrigues
537:Bel Etang
515:owned by
489:Uba price
442:sugarcane
432:Mauritius
370:Political
365:Economics
169:Mauritius
97:Caused by
59:Mauritius
943:usip.org
508:Trinidad
355:Timeline
158:a series
156:Part of
129:Injured:
53:Location
664:3744263
533:L’Unité
495:sucrose
463:Sirdars
231:Slavery
119:Deaths:
107:Methods
43: (
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160:on the
945:. TJC
939:(PDF)
868:(PDF)
796:(PDF)
660:JSTOR
535:. At
523:Riots
375:Years
212:Dutch
481:and
422:The
38:Date
746:doi
506:in
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