33:
272:
290:
46:
651:
226:
Two different types of polysaccharides are known to be the structural components, both a heteroglycan from the fungus and a glucan from the alga. U. esculenta lichens have a thallus attached to the substrate with a central holdfast. The thallus is also heteromerous (parts that are different in
271:
352:
Sun, Yanhong, et al. âThe
Polysaccharide Extracted from Umbilicaria Esculenta Inhibits Proliferation of Melanoma Cells through ROS-Activated Mitochondrial Apoptosis Pathway.â
731:
32:
692:
530:
319:
Sone, Y., Isoda-Johmura, M., & Misaki, A. (1996). Isolation and chemical characterization of polysaccharides from
Iwatake, Gyrophora esculenta Miyoshi.
227:
quality and number) and fully corticated (has a cortex and bark). Many of the
Umbilicaria species are characterized by a veined or rugose thalline surface.
610:
491:
289:
372:
Zhao, Y., Wang, M., & Xu, B. (2021). A comprehensive review on secondary metabolites and health-promoting effects of edible lichen.
726:
685:
736:
678:
45:
535:
430:
716:
357:
392:
721:
242:; it grows on rocks and is known widely as the "rock tripe". It is usually found on at high altitude in
140:
257:
is considered a delicacy in China, Korea, and Japan where it is eaten in dishes, soups, or in salads.
711:
602:
483:
452:
161:
170:
40:
584:
543:
439:
239:
548:
658:
107:
87:
662:
650:
597:
478:
157:
97:
705:
589:
575:
444:
281:
504:
424:
214:
415:
296:
117:
77:
465:
260:
It has been used as starvation food by Native
Americans and early settlers.
243:
57:
623:
569:
517:
409:
358:
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bpb/41/1/41_b17-00562/_html/-char/ja
615:
496:
509:
628:
522:
341:
Polyphenols in plants isolation, purification and extract preparation
206:
67:
386:
470:
210:
457:
390:
666:
356:, The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan, 1 Jan. 2018,
559:
399:
686:
8:
321:Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry
732:Fungi used in traditional Chinese medicine
693:
679:
387:
31:
20:
343:. Academic press, an imprint of Elsevier.
312:
267:
354:Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
7:
647:
645:
368:
366:
335:
333:
14:
280:gathering at Kumano in Kishū, by
649:
288:
270:
44:
1:
665:. You can help Knowledge by
374:Journal of Functional Foods
753:
644:
727:Lichens described in 1893
176:
169:
146:
139:
41:Scientific classification
39:
30:
23:
661:-related article is a
339:Watson, R. R. (n.d.).
737:Lecanoromycetes stubs
431:Umbilicaria esculenta
401:Umbilicaria esculenta
300:Umbilicaria esculenta
236:Umbilicaria esculenta
218:that grows on rocks.
194:Umbilicaria esculenta
150:Umbilicaria esculenta
25:Umbilicaria esculenta
561:Gyrophora esculenta
180:Gyrophora esculenta
674:
673:
639:
638:
544:Open Tree of Life
393:Taxon identifiers
240:saxicolous lichen
190:
189:
132:U. esculenta
16:Species of lichen
744:
695:
688:
681:
653:
646:
632:
631:
619:
618:
606:
605:
593:
592:
580:
579:
578:
552:
551:
539:
538:
526:
525:
513:
512:
500:
499:
487:
486:
474:
473:
461:
460:
448:
447:
435:
434:
433:
420:
419:
418:
388:
381:
370:
361:
350:
344:
337:
328:
317:
292:
274:
184:
152:
49:
48:
35:
21:
752:
751:
747:
746:
745:
743:
742:
741:
702:
701:
700:
699:
659:Lecanoromycetes
642:
640:
635:
627:
622:
614:
609:
601:
596:
588:
583:
574:
573:
568:
555:
547:
542:
534:
529:
521:
516:
508:
503:
495:
490:
482:
477:
469:
464:
456:
451:
443:
438:
429:
428:
423:
414:
413:
408:
395:
385:
384:
371:
364:
351:
347:
338:
331:
318:
314:
309:
302:
293:
284:
275:
266:
252:
233:
224:
182:
165:
154:
148:
135:
108:Umbilicariaceae
88:Lecanoromycetes
43:
17:
12:
11:
5:
750:
748:
740:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
717:Lichen species
714:
704:
703:
698:
697:
690:
683:
675:
672:
671:
654:
637:
636:
634:
633:
620:
607:
594:
581:
565:
563:
557:
556:
554:
553:
540:
527:
514:
501:
488:
475:
462:
449:
436:
421:
405:
403:
397:
396:
391:
383:
382:
362:
345:
329:
311:
310:
308:
305:
304:
303:
294:
287:
285:
276:
269:
265:
262:
251:
248:
232:
229:
223:
220:
188:
187:
186:
185:
183:Miyoshi (1893)
174:
173:
167:
166:
155:
144:
143:
137:
136:
129:
127:
123:
122:
115:
111:
110:
105:
101:
100:
98:Umbilicariales
95:
91:
90:
85:
81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
65:
61:
60:
55:
51:
50:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
749:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
709:
707:
696:
691:
689:
684:
682:
677:
676:
670:
668:
664:
660:
655:
652:
648:
643:
630:
625:
621:
617:
612:
608:
604:
599:
595:
591:
586:
582:
577:
571:
567:
566:
564:
562:
558:
550:
545:
541:
537:
532:
528:
524:
519:
515:
511:
506:
502:
498:
493:
489:
485:
480:
476:
472:
467:
463:
459:
454:
450:
446:
441:
437:
432:
426:
422:
417:
411:
407:
406:
404:
402:
398:
394:
389:
379:
375:
369:
367:
363:
359:
355:
349:
346:
342:
336:
334:
330:
327:(2), 213-215.
326:
322:
316:
313:
306:
301:
298:
291:
286:
283:
279:
273:
268:
263:
261:
258:
256:
249:
247:
245:
241:
237:
230:
228:
221:
219:
217:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
195:
181:
178:
177:
175:
172:
168:
163:
159:
153:
151:
145:
142:
141:Binomial name
138:
134:
133:
128:
125:
124:
121:
120:
116:
113:
112:
109:
106:
103:
102:
99:
96:
93:
92:
89:
86:
83:
82:
79:
76:
73:
72:
69:
66:
63:
62:
59:
56:
53:
52:
47:
42:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
722:Edible fungi
667:expanding it
656:
641:
560:
400:
377:
373:
353:
348:
340:
324:
320:
315:
299:
282:Hiroshige II
277:
259:
255:U. esculenta
254:
253:
235:
234:
225:
213:
202:
198:
193:
192:
191:
179:
149:
147:
131:
130:
118:
24:
18:
712:Umbilicaria
505:iNaturalist
425:Wikispecies
215:Umbilicaria
119:Umbilicaria
706:Categories
576:Q106773588
307:References
250:Human uses
222:Morphology
199:rock tripe
78:Ascomycota
74:Division:
297:pan-fried
244:East Asia
126:Species:
64:Kingdom:
58:Eukaryota
624:MycoBank
598:Fungorum
570:Wikidata
518:MycoBank
479:Fungorum
416:Q1316373
410:Wikidata
380:, 104283
203:Iwa-take
171:Synonyms
104:Family:
54:Domain:
616:6324147
497:5260525
458:6660650
295:Korean
278:Iwatake
264:Gallery
231:Ecology
209:of the
205:, is a
158:Miyoshi
114:Genus:
94:Order:
84:Class:
629:386545
603:386545
549:304026
536:161684
523:120431
510:337262
484:120431
471:UMBIES
207:lichen
197:, the
164:(1900)
657:This
590:3J2YQ
445:7DGSH
238:is a
211:genus
162:Minks
68:Fungi
663:stub
611:GBIF
531:NCBI
492:GBIF
466:EPPO
585:CoL
453:EoL
440:CoL
201:or
708::
626::
613::
600::
587::
572::
546::
533::
520::
507::
494::
481::
468::
455::
442::
427::
412::
378:80
376:,
365:^
332:^
325:60
323:,
246:.
160:)
694:e
687:t
680:v
669:.
360:.
156:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
