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388:), can safely assume that all pixels are visible to the viewer. On digital displays driven from a digital signal, therefore, no adjustment is necessary because all pixels in the signal are unequivocally mapped to physical pixels on the display. As overscan reduces picture quality, it is undesirable for digital flat panels; therefore,
407:
Computer CRT monitors usually have a black border (unless they are fine-tuned by a user to minimize it)—these can be seen in the video card timings, which have more lines than are used by the desktop. When a computer CRT is advertised as 17-inch (16-inch viewable), it will have a diagonal inch of the
324:
was not regulated as well as in later power supplies. This could cause the image size to change with normal variations in the AC line voltage, as well as a process called blooming, where the image size increased slightly when a brighter overall picture was displayed due to the increased electron beam
773:
DVDs of recent movies) often disregards this rule. This makes it difficult to tell whether these pixels represent wider than 4x3 or 16x9 (as they would do if following Rec.601), or represent exactly 4x3 or 16x9 (as they would do if created using one of the fudged 720-referenced pixel aspect ratios).
772:
Although standards-compliant video processing software should never fill all 720 pixels with active picture (only the center 704 pixels must contain the actual image, and the remaining 8 pixels on the sides of the image should constitute vertical black bars), recent digitally generated content (e.g.
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625-line analogue video contains 575 active video lines (this includes two half lines). When the half lines are rounded up to whole lines for ease of digital representation, this gives 576 lines, which is also the nearest mod(16) value to 575. To maintain the same picture aspect ratio, the number of
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A significant number of people would still see some of the overscan area, so while nothing important in a scene would be placed there, it also had to be kept free of microphones, stage hands, and other distractions. Studio monitors and camera viewfinders were set to show this area, so that producers
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In order to accommodate both formats within the same line length, and to avoid cutting off parts of the active picture if the timing of the analogue video was at or beyond the tolerances set in the relevant standards, a total digital line length of 720 pixels was chosen. Hence the picture will have
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is the area in which you can expect the customer to see action. However, the transmitted image may extend to the edges of the MPEG frame 720x576. This presents a requirement unique to television, where an image with reasonable quality is expected to exist where some customers won't see it. This is
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could even change the border color. The border will change size and shape if required to allow for the tolerance of low precision (although later models allow for precise calibration to minimise or eliminate the border). As such, computer CRTs use less physical screen area than TVs, to allow all
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There is no hard technical specification for overscan amounts for the low definition formats. Some say 5%, some say 10%, and the figure can be doubled for title safe, which needs more margin compared to action safe. The overscan amounts are specified for the high definition formats as specified
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Despite the wide adoption of LCD TVs that do not require overscan since the size of their images remains the same irrespective of voltage variations, many LCD TVs still come with overscan enabled by default, but it can be disabled by the user using the TV's on-screen menus.
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from the 1930s to the early 2000s were highly variable in how the video image was positioned within the borders of the screen. It then became common practice to have video signals with black edges around the picture, which the television was meant to discard in this way.
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tube covered by the plastic cabinet; this black border will occupy this missing inch (or more) when its geometry calibrations are set to default (LCDs with analog input need to deliberately identify and ignore this part of the signal, from all four sides).
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The 525-line system originally contained 486 lines of picture, not 480. Digital foundations to most storage and transmission systems since the early 1990s have meant that analogue NTSC has only been expected to have 480 lines of picture – see
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data taking up the first "active picture" line on each field). The nearest mod(16) value is 480. To maintain the same picture aspect ratio, the number of active pixels could be decreased to 706.2, which can be rounded down to 704 for
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video pixels per line is equal to the sample rate multiplied by the active line duration (the part of each analogue video line that contains active video, that is to say that it does not contain sync pulses, blanking, etc.).
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data found in video editors, certain ITU standards, MPEG etc. is usually based on an approximation of the above, fudged to allow either 704 or 720 pixels to equate to the full 4x3 or 16x9 picture at the whim of the author.
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424:
the image with a black border, visible on some NTSC television sets and all PAL television sets. Newer systems frame content much as live action does, with the overscan area filled with extraneous details.
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current causing the CRT anode voltage to drop. Because of this, TV producers could not be certain where the visible edges of the image would be. In order to compensate, they defined three areas:
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is an area that is far enough in from the edges to neatly show text without distortion. If you place text beyond the safe area, it might not display on some older CRT TV sets (in worst case).
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require differing amounts of overscan. Most figures serve as recommendations or typical summaries, as the nature of overscan is to overcome a variable limitation in older technologies such as
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Early analog televisions varied in the displayed image because of manufacturing tolerance problems. There were also effects from the early design limitations of power supplies, whose
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704 is the nearest mod(16) value to the actual analogue line lengths, and avoids having black bars down each side. The use of 704 can be further justified as follows:
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851:. How this affects the interpretation of "the 4:3 ratio" as equal to 704x480 or 704x486 is unclear, but the VGA standard of 640x480 has had a large impact.
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525-line analogue video contains 485 active video lines (this include two half lines, though typically only 483 picture lines are present due to
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it has proved possible to remove apparently fixed borders with special coding tricks. This effect was called overscan or fullscreen within the
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is a behaviour in certain television sets in which part of the input picture is cut off by the visible bounds of the screen. It exists because
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Microsoft's Xbox game developer guidelines recommend using 85 percent of the screen width and height, or a title safe area of 7.5% per side.
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For 525-line 60 Hz video (usually, and correctly, called "NTSC"), the active line duration is 52.856 μs, giving ≈713.5 pixels per line.
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CRTs made for computer display are set to underscan with an adjustable border, usually colored black. Some 1980s home computers such as the
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Underscan: The full image area to the electronic edge of the signal with additional black borders which weren't part of the original image.
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For 625-line 50 Hz video (usually, though incorrectly, called "PAL"), the active line duration is 52 μs, giving 702 pixels per line.
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have been designed to keep important game action in the title safe area. Older systems did this with borders for example, the
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Observable fullscan: An overscan image area which dismisses only the additional black borders of the image (if they exist).
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and subtitling in the UK). The equivalent service on digital television does not use this method and instead often uses
807:) frame areas therefore contain even more overscan, which can be seen when vertical hold is lost and the picture rolls.
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Fullscan: The full image area to the electronic edge of the signal (with the black borders of the image if they exist).
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Today's displays, being driven by digital signals (such as DVI, HDMI and
DisplayPort), and based on newer fixed-pixel
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for the visible picture, whereas the digital systems only "number" and encode signals that contain something to see.
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Within the wide diversity of home computers that arose during the 1980s and early 1990s, many machines such as the
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in 1982. In this standard, the existing analogue video signals are sampled at 13.5 MHz. Thus the number of
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had borders around their screen, which worked as a frame for the display area. Some other computers such as the
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The official BBC suggestions actually say 3.5% / 5% per side (see p21, p19). The following is a summary:
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Illustration of Action Safe and Title Safe areas for 4:3 and 16:9 aspect ratios according to the BBC
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and directors could make certain it was clear of unwanted elements. When used, this mode is called
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allowed the video signal timing to be changed to produce overscan. In the cases of the C64,
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has safe area recommendations regarding
Television Production for 16:9 Widescreen.
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496:'s HOS uses the horizontal overscan instead of the vertical to transmit low-speed
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active pixels could be increased to 703.2, which can be rounded up to 704.
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Behavior in certain television sets where part of the picture is cut off
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The sampling (digitising) of standard definition video was defined in
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The difference between 702/704 and 720 pixels/line is referred to as
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207:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
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is a generic term for the above two, and could mean either one.
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A portion of this interval available in analogue, known as the
460:-saving scrolling technique called sync-scrolling a bit later.
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375:(View at full size to see the effects portrayed accurately.)
955:"Overscan: You're not seeing the whole picture on your TV"
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is preferred. When driven by analog video signals such as
1112:"BBC Technical Standards for Network Television Delivery"
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stations for overscan and other datacasting, but they
1025:"GDC 2004: Cross-Platform User Interface Development"
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101:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
792:, analogue system descriptions include the lines
704:the same concept as used in widescreen cropping.
916:"Underscan/Overscan and The Safe Area Indicator"
1067:"Microsoft Intellectual Property and Licensing"
372:The effects of overscan on fixed-pixel displays
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8:
1088:"Safe areas for 16:9 television production"
504:, which is slow enough to be recorded on a
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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1093:. EBU – Recommendation R95. September 2008
814:, can be used for older forms of analogue
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288:Learn how and when to remove this message
223:Learn how and when to remove this message
161:Learn how and when to remove this message
1652:Output power of an analog TV transmitter
1001:"HD 101: Overscan and why all TVs do it"
941:"HD 101: Overscan and why all TVS do it"
579:
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468:Analog TV overscan can also be used for
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265:of all important aspects of the article.
974:. www.digitaleurope.org. Archived from
886:
918:. www.seriousmagic.com. Archived from
404:information to be shown at all times.
261:Please consider expanding the lead to
1682:Direct-broadcast satellite television
7:
1187:"Table of PAL PARs - DVD conversion"
1117:. BBC. November 2009. Archived from
969:"'HD ready 1080p' License Agreement"
99:adding citations to reliable sources
1572:Vestigial sideband modulation (VSB)
896:"Overscan and broadcast television"
714:Analog to digital resolution issues
419:Super Nintendo Entertainment System
25:
456:and allowed the development of a
45:This article has multiple issues.
744:thin black bars down each side.
492:, are also sent in this manner.
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34:
1567:Quadrature amplitude modulation
472:. The simplest form of this is
253:may be too short to adequately
86:needs additional citations for
53:or discuss these issues on the
1731:Television channel frequencies
263:provide an accessible overview
1:
1702:Digital television transition
1531:Multichannel television sound
999:Drawbaugh, Ben (2010-05-27).
537:digital television transition
1774:Field strength in free space
1475:Horizontal blanking interval
561:broadcast television systems
1672:Superheterodyne transmitter
1069:. Microsoft.com. 2011-10-27
572:European Broadcasting Union
203:the claims made and adding
1908:
1510:Vertical blanking interval
1189:. Doom9's Forum. p. 2
812:vertical blanking interval
482:vertical blanking interval
1485:Nominal analogue blanking
876:Nominal analogue blanking
778:nominal analogue blanking
643:14:9 (displayed on 16:9)
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486:Electronic program guides
660:4:3 (displayed on 16:9)
1804:Television interference
1677:Television receive-only
498:program-associated data
386:liquid crystal displays
1726:Microwave transmission
1692:Terrestrial television
1687:Television transmitter
1647:Intermediate frequency
1440:Chrominance subcarrier
1185:facialz (2008-03-09).
1046:"Programming:Overscan"
1027:. Game Developer. 2004
784:625 / 525 or 576 / 480
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1892:Television technology
1598:Broadcast transmitter
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371:
364:Modern video displays
1840:Zero reference pulse
1825:Field strength meter
1562:Frequency modulation
1470:Horizontal scan rate
1142:brweb (2000-05-01).
559:Different video and
384:technology (such as
95:improve this article
1779:Noise (electronics)
1642:Intercarrier method
1602:Transmitter station
1237:broadcasting topics
480:, both sent in the
1667:Split sound system
1617:Differential phase
766:pixel aspect ratio
719:720 vs. 702 or 704
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490:TV Guide On Screen
382:digital flat panel
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188:possibly contains
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1794:Radiation pattern
1612:Differential gain
1234:Analog television
861:1:1 pixel mapping
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565:cathode ray tubes
518:National Datacast
474:closed captioning
390:1:1 pixel mapping
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1662:Residual carrier
1607:Cavity amplifier
1505:Television lines
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1124:on 2010-03-31
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186:This article
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151:February 2007
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126:
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112: –
111:
107:
106:Find sources:
100:
96:
90:
89:
84:This article
82:
78:
73:
72:
67:
65:
58:
57:
52:
51:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
1866:Hanover bars
1657:Pre-emphasis
1581:Transmission
1546:Zweikanalton
1489:
1450:Color killer
1375:Clear-Vision
1191:. Retrieved
1180:
1171:
1148:. Retrieved
1137:
1126:. Retrieved
1119:the original
1106:
1095:. Retrieved
1082:
1071:. Retrieved
1061:
1050:. Retrieved
1040:
1029:. Retrieved
1005:. Retrieved
994:
983:. Retrieved
976:the original
963:
949:
935:
924:. Retrieved
920:the original
910:
899:. Retrieved
889:
837:
809:
804:
800:
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793:
790:broadcasting
787:
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763:
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707:
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696:
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690:
686:
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585:Action safe
576:
570:However the
569:
558:
554:
467:
434:Commodore 64
427:
410:
406:
398:
379:
358:
353:
350:
319:
300:
299:
284:
271:January 2012
268:
252:
250:lead section
219:
213:January 2012
210:
187:
157:
148:
138:
131:
124:
117:
105:
93:Please help
88:verification
85:
61:
54:
48:
47:Please help
44:
1835:VIT signals
1830:Vectorscope
1769:Earth bulge
1751:Propagation
1714:& bands
1712:Frequencies
1495:Raster scan
1435:Chrominance
1425:Black level
1420:front porch
816:datacasting
803:) and 525 (
701:safe action
697:Action-safe
682:Terminology
604:Horizontal
598:Horizontal
588:Title safe
535:due to the
470:datacasting
464:Datacasting
442:Amstrad CPC
430:ZX Spectrum
422:windowboxed
336:Action safe
1764:Distortion
1697:Transposer
1632:Dummy load
1588:Amplifiers
1555:Modulation
1445:Colorburst
1416:Back porch
1193:2012-05-01
1166:SMPTE 170M
1150:2012-01-04
1128:2012-05-01
1097:2012-05-01
1073:2012-01-04
1052:2015-10-07
1031:2012-02-09
1007:2012-05-01
985:2012-05-01
926:2012-05-01
901:2012-02-09
882:References
834:480 vs 486
691:safe title
687:Title safe
533:digital TV
488:, such as
412:Video game
401:Apple IIGS
330:Title safe
322:DC voltage
197:improve it
121:newspapers
110:"Overscan"
50:improve it
1871:Sparklies
1856:Dot crawl
1849:Artifacts
1789:Path loss
1784:Null fill
1759:Beam tilt
1500:Safe area
1146:. Itu.int
849:DVD-Video
799:The 625 (
601:Vertical
595:Vertical
539:in 2009.
512:. In the
494:Microsoft
454:demoscene
354:underscan
255:summarize
201:verifying
56:talk page
18:Underscan
1886:Category
1861:Ghosting
1622:Diplexer
1490:Overscan
1455:Color TV
1348:System F
1344:System E
1340:819-line
1334:System N
1330:System L
1326:System K
1322:System I
1318:System H
1314:System G
1310:System D
1306:System C
1302:System B
1298:625-line
1292:System M
1288:525-line
1283:455-line
1278:441-line
1272:System A
1268:405-line
1263:375-line
1258:343-line
1253:180-line
855:See also
820:Teletext
818:such as
794:not used
760:mod(16).
725:Rec. 601
529:migrated
508:without
478:teletext
446:Atari ST
301:Overscan
1813:Testing
1395:PALplus
1245:Systems
708:TV-safe
556:above.
525:network
500:at 6.4
484:(VBI).
415:systems
316:Origins
195:Please
135:scholar
1370:NTSC-J
847:, and
824:Ceefax
729:active
672:17.5%
666:15.0%
655:15.0%
649:10.0%
638:10.0%
502:kbit/s
452:Atari
450:16-bit
444:, and
307:(CRT)
137:
130:
123:
116:
108:
1536:NICAM
1524:Sound
1409:Video
1400:SECAM
1390:PAL-S
1385:PAL-M
1122:(PDF)
1115:(PDF)
1091:(PDF)
979:(PDF)
972:(PDF)
669:5.0%
663:3.5%
652:5.0%
646:3.5%
635:5.0%
632:3.5%
629:3.5%
626:16:9
621:6.7%
618:5.0%
615:3.3%
612:3.5%
520:used
438:Amiga
142:JSTOR
128:books
1799:Skew
1480:Luma
1418:and
1365:NTSC
845:EDTV
841:SDTV
828:MHEG
805:NTSC
609:4:3
514:U.S.
476:and
114:news
1741:VHF
1736:UHF
1380:PAL
801:PAL
788:In
699:or
689:or
531:to
522:PBS
506:VCR
458:CPU
432:or
394:VGA
199:by
97:by
1888::
1346:,
1332:,
1328:,
1324:,
1320:,
1316:,
1312:,
1308:,
1304:,
1159:^
1016:^
843:,
830:.
780:.
567:.
516:,
356:.
59:.
1600:/
1350:)
1342:(
1336:)
1300:(
1294:)
1290:(
1274:)
1270:(
1226:e
1219:t
1212:v
1196:.
1153:.
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957:.
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291:)
285:(
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269:(
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220:(
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211:(
193:.
164:)
158:(
153:)
149:(
139:·
132:·
125:·
118:·
91:.
66:)
62:(
20:)
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